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The Brussels Post, 1961-12-14, Page 3wu~srnoa LFSSON IIEFARM FRON Joku They Like Bears To Kill Their Sheep! , Shepherds in the Italian Alps are always pleased when their sheep are.' killed by bears. It means a good pay-off! These shy, brown Eurasian bears do not attack human be- ings. Keeping to the wooded slopes, mostly in Trentino, the Italian Alpine province, they rarely cross the timberline, ex- cept to move from one valley to another. The bears enjoy government protection. But they are not harmless. After hibernating for the winter in remote mountain caves, they develop what the locals call "midsummer madness" -an appetite for spring or early summer lambs. But Italian shepherds from the Val de Geneva, Brescia and other districts, find the bears useful to them for this very madness. Whatever prices mutton is fetching in the local markets, the government's compensa tion award is sure to be good. So art- ful shepherds take no precau- tions to guard their flocks. yield from the grazed fields in 1959 was attributed to.insuffi- cient irrigation and nitrogen fer- tilization, and •steps were taken to counteract these conditions and to make certain manage- ment improvements. Higher yields of beef and forage were obtained from, both methods of harvesting in 1960. The dry mat- ter yield in' the grazed fields was obtained from cages in the fields. The stocking rate for the test was 3.4 steers per acre, Reduc- ing this rate and dresorting to various management practices could extend the length of the pasture season. Still riot convinced that beef production per acre was at maxi- mum, level the researchers plan- ed further refinements for 1961. Some of the planned innova- tions: a 6-field instead of a' 3- field rotation for the grazing.cat- tle, excess growth, early in the season to be harvested . as hay , and fed back later when growth slowed down; for the clipped crops fertilizer application of 50 pounds of phosphorus 50 pounds of nitrogen per another 33 pounds in July; fields to be flood-irrigated up to six times. Advantages of mechanical har- vesting found were: less fencing required, watering and supervi- sion of the stock and manage- ment 'of the grassland made simpler. Disadvantages were: high outlay for a harvester and -self-loading wagon; the necessity for daily cutting; the difficulty of harvesting in wet weather the labor , involved at a time when labor is much in demand on the .farm; need for a well-drained feedlot and extra bedding. * One conclusion: For the small operator the gain from the high- er yields Of mechanical harvest- ing is. wiped out by the cost of clipping. How To Cut' Down Cat Fatalities If you drive, it's 7-in-10 that you'll have an auto accident within the next five years. Chances are heavy that it will be a serious accident. Auto crash is the third biggest killer in North America after cancer and cardioasettlar disease. For young people between 15 and 25 years of me. it's the No. I killer, But if you and your passengers use seat belts, you're upwards of 60 per cent safer. If everybody used them, we would have 5,000 fewer fatalities and at least one- third fewer srvere. injuries each year. Up-Kledown to Privent Peekr,g • I, .eee Z 4 ir:•X 4 '4+ *te 41 11 2 10 a 1 8 12 15 20 5 18 6 21 19 itit•••••••••01M*4 :Vete:4AX+ 26, 25 /3. 27 24 2-9 28 32 30 31 AS: 35 as 36' 444 iiS • 37 34 41 40 39 44 45 46 48 47 49 444):0,te 52 55 53 54- 56 51 50 59 • 440 60 58 57 63 62 61 11 -2 2 16 18 36 43 'TEETH FOR TOOTH Ken- neth Cone, 10, holds a rare molar of a large mammal known os the Desmostylus Hesperus, which lived 30 mil- lion years ago. The tooth was found in a rocky bank in the Seattle area, R, R. Warren, Good Tidings of Great Joy Luke 2:1-10 memory Selection: The angel said unto them, Fear not: for be- hold 1 bring you good. tidings of great joy, which shell be to all people, For unto you is horn this day in the city of David a Saviou r, which is Christ the Lord, Luke 2:10-11 The birth of Jesus was the greatest event in human history up to that time, It was great be- cause the Son of God had On- descended to become man, It was, great that a child should be born, having no human father, Mary's becoming pregnant during her engagement distressed. Joseph• until an angel appeared to him in a dream and told him that she had conceived of the Holy Ghost. He proceeded to marry her but knew her not as wife until after Jesus was born, Mary and Joseph raised Jesus in accordance with the Jewish law, On the eighth day he was circumcised and thus brought of- ficially into the Abrahamic cov- enant (Luke 2;21), About the 42nd day of His life, He was pre- sented to Jehovah in dedication, a ceremony Praetised by parents for the first male child born Into the family. This was a require- ment by God, since His sparing of the first born In Egypt when He sent the final of the ten plagues upon the land, At the time of this ceremony, Mary also made the required offering for her own purification, giving of the two prescribed sacrifices the one especially provided for the poor of the nation (cf Lev, 12:8). Evidently, the home in which Jesus got his early religious nur- ture was poor in this world's goods but rich in devotion and piety. From history we learn that even before the Jewish could write, he was expected to mem- orize the Shema, a creed com- posed of 19 verses from Deut, 6:4-9; 11:13-21; and Num, 15:37. 41. These were written out, par- ticularly by boys, after they learned to write. At the age of six, Jewish boys were sent to school which usually adjoined the synagogue, Attendance was compulsory. Jesus came to save us from our sins. This was the good tid- ings of great joy. Jesus who died for us, rose again and lives for- evermore. He will save all who come to Him. FUSS EN' "FEATHERS VititOtS of Regent's Park ZOO isti t-ondori, England, Were" startled to tee this angry look. on Petri the pelican's fade at hi flopped hiS outsize Wings. These girds Are Cruel To. People Th.e..Royal Society for the Pre, vention of Cruelty to Animate in Brieleane, Australle, was called -upon eccen.tly to investigate a complaint of birds' being cruel to humene. The birds were Aestralien. kookaburras and the • humans were Mr. and Mrs. C. J. San- ders, of Brisbane,. Kookaburras, Jorge birds with Sharp beaks, are protected and cannot be killed. Their common name is the Laughing Jackass because of their call, which be- gins with a chuckle and ends with a hearty laugh, "They're no laughing matter to us," said Mr, Sanders, com- plaining to the "They're dive-bombing us." At dawn and dusk, Mr Sen- ders told the R.S,P,.C.A., about thirty kookaburras perch out- side his house and dive-bomb his plastic gauze window screens, peppering them with holes and frightening the San- ders with the noise they make, Baffled R.S.F.C,A, officials, dodging the swooping birds, sug- gested that Mr." Sanders should leave his house open, encourage the birds inside and then catch them. Mr. Sanders didn't think much of the idea, - "We tried that," he said. "All that happened was that the birds came inside and, bombed our mirrors." NEW RED SCHOOLHOUSE-Reminiscent of a scene in our schools a generation or two ago is this picture of an English language class in Moscow's Public School No. 1. Pictures with English captions (a bird, an apple, etc.) line the black- board. Above it are samples of English script. In this Russian school, all the children except those in the first year not only attend English classes but study world geography and English and American 'literature in English. Ister of justice, "If he f ears pri- son, it will only make him more unruly and anti-social. The con, vict must know •that we only seek to rehabilitate him:" prisoner than solitary confine- There is nothing worse for the ment, the experts believe, so he will wiially share a cell with two or three other carefully selected men. But the word "cell" will be avoided by the guards, who term themselves "supervisors" of the "rooms," And the wardens, when speaking about their prisoners, call them "friends" or "people" or "the carpenter." With all this kindness, few Swedish convicts try to escape, although most jails are wide- open, Personal treatment is the key- note, from the time the man Is arrested, At once a troop of psy- chologists descend on him. So- cial workers visit his home, psy- chiatrists talk to his employer, law students dig into his back- ground, After sentence, a new group of experts discreetly interview his relatives and, friends, And psy- chiatrists then choose the insti- tution n' On release the ex-convict gets a completely new start. He moves to a new town and only his future employers are told of his former crime. Such is the success of this sys- tem that eighty-five percent of the offenders never return to an institution-even though Swedish jails ARE paradise! Fires That Cannot Be Put out People in a South Wales min- ing village were shocked, recent- ly, to see smoke and steam and eerie gusts of bluff h flame leap- ing out of the ground, 'Experts were called but they could do nothing .to extinguish the fire which was raging beneath a large coal tip. Putting out these subterranean fires, which are often found in the neighbourhood of coal mines, has often proved extremely dif- ficult. In Lancashire an "earth fire," as it was called locally, blazed for years. It was reported, a few years ago, that in a score of different places in Britain underground fires were smouldering, "Some have been alight for years and are imitations of vol- canoes on a small scale," wrote one reporter, "The fuel in most cases is coal!, An important junction station near Swansea was for some time rendered useless by an under- ground fire said to be burning in old chemical and metal refuse. The platforms were hot and the whole station was poisoned by fumes, A Midlands town suffered severely many years ago from "a slow burning" which went on deep beneath its foundations. It threw out fumes of deadly gas which half-poisoned many people. In Ayrshire a huge mound of colliery refuse, known locally as "the steaming brig," burned for seventy years, fed doubtless by seams of coal beneath the sur- face. Often it only smouldered but at intervals it broke into flames, Of all subterranean fires those fed by shale oil deposits are the longest lived. Some time ago a newspaper- man visited near Baku, on the Caspian Sea, the site f an un- derground oil fire which, he said, was alight when William the Conqueror landed in England. Happiest Convicts In The World Ever - mounting crime figures, overcrowded jails, savage attacks on prison 'officers, more and more frequent escapes . . , that is the grim situation in Canada today. In Sweden it is far dif- ferent. For, out of a 7,300,000 popula- tion, there are nearer more than 5,000 Swedes in jail, and they are the happiest convicts in the world. The reason is the Swedes be- lieve that life in jail should re- semble life outside. There are no clanking metal 'doors, no thick walls, no "solitary." All Swedish jails have libra- ries, gymnasiums, athletic fields, chapels, workshops. On average there are only sixty inmates. Swedish penologists have man- aged to reform criminals at a fantastic rate, Their system is to mould the convict into a better member of the community, not only by psychiatric help, but also by work. Give the convict the job he likes best and he will be well on the way to a cure, say the ex- perts. In Sweden he can pick his own prison occupation: forestry work, carpentry, gardenin g, farming, clerical work. The prisoner can also create his own occupation. A writer is allowed to write; a painter can paint as long as he does so eight hours a day. A tough prison will turn even the most reasonable criminal in- to an abnormal, revengeful man, the Swedes believe. Life in their prisons is there- fore pleasant. Apart from work, there Is en emphasis on leisure: musical performances, theatre, lectures, reading. `The convict must never be scared of prison," says Karl Schylter, Sweden's former min- 8, Part of the CROSSWORD foot 3 Unripe PUZZLE 10, Pertaining to dawn 11 Fat of swine 16, Share 20. Fr. city 22, Thilow lightly 23, Sensible 24, Ger, river 26, Solemn promise 26, Transparent 30, Kind of clover 31. Chills and fever 32. Act 34, Woody growth 37, Append 40. Prolong 41. Bacchanalian cry 43, Living 45, Bury 46. Gray striped plaid 97, Fr. river 48. Time unit 52. Narrow inlet 64. Harem room 5 5 . Insect's egg 66, As it stands (mus.) 59. College degree (ab.) ACROSS 3, ' a god 1. Outdoor game 4, Gorge made 5. City on the Adriatic by mountain 9. Coagulate streams 12, Adam's son 8, Adjective 1.1. Fetter prefix mean- 14. Brown kiwi ing twice 15. Sweet solution 6. Textile straw 17. Stupid person pine 13. Cereal spike 7. A flower 19. Graph genus 21, Accompany 23. Diverse 97. Detern 28, Past 29. nigh suit 31. Business getter 33. Salamander 86. Winter peril 3 6. very wise man 33. Syllable of hesitation 39. Dwell 92. Payable 93. Annoy 44, Parted 90. Half 99. Pro and - 50. River islati 51. Ever (poot. 63. Short jacite 57. our country iab.) 68. Secure 60. Redact 81, SecOnd small- est state (Rb,) 62, Liteking brightness 63. Polyp,. chestnut DOwN , Fuel 2. lap. sash Results of a three-year test at the Canada Department of Agri= culture's Research station at Lethbridge throw light on the merits of mechanical harvesting versus rotational' grazing. They do not yet indicate any substantial increase of beef prod- ' uction from mechanical harvest- Mg-the delivery of the clipped forage to confined animals-but the experiments are continuing, Drs. R, D. Clark and D. B. Wilson reported on the compari- son of the two methods of feed- ing at the station, using irrigated pasture, of smooth brome, or- chard grass, creeping red fescue and 'white clover. Hereford year- ling steers of about 600 pounds weight, were placed on the pas- ture each spring and rotated over three fields for the tests. A for- age harvester was used to obtain the feed for 'the animals ex- cluded from the pasture, The data on beef and forage production are given in order for the years 1958, 1959 and 1960, the first being for the grazed pas- tures and that in brackets for the mechanically harvested pasture: Beef production per acre- •in lb,: 573 (739), 656 (549), 696 (716). Dry matter yield per acre in lb.: 7100 (5772), 4785 (4633), 7091 (5764).. Average daily gain in lb.: 2.20 (2.46),,2.72 (2.67), 2.13, (2.15), Length of season in days: 112 (107), 102 (103), 103 (103). * * It seemed reasonable to expect that the grass would grow better when animals were not trampl- ing it dovin and fouling it, and also that the animals would gain faster when confined and fed all that they could eat. For these reasons the good showing in beef production per acre for the first year was not surprising, The lower beef and dry waatter yield from mechanical harvesting in 1959 were however, contradictory and unexpected although similar declines after the first year had been reported, without satisfac- tory explanation, from other tests. * * Drs. Clark and Wilson studied another experiment under way at Lethbridge and found that higher yields were obtained when the forage was cut to leave a 2- inch tattier than a 4-inch stubble, The reason for the low forage yields in their own test then be- came apparent-the forage har- vester was leaving about five inches of stubble, The difference was particularly noticeable early in the season-the grazing pas- tures being ready for use two weeks before any cutting could be done on the mechanically har- vested fields, Slower warming of the soil tinder the heavy stubble probably was an important fac- tor. * * 'The forage harvester also bruised leaves of the grass stub- ble, delaying their recovery, In the following year the 'Machine's flail's were kept in a better cut- ting State and the stubble was out to a height of two to three inches. the deetease in dry matter ISSUE 5Y 1961 Answer elsewhere on this page It Is All Right To Be Left-handed Are you rig17:handed? The chances are about twenty to one ,on that your right hand is much stronger and more skilful than your left. Yet both hands look alike, Why, then, has the human race since prehistoric time's always had such a preference for the right hand, and scorn for the left? Although medical. science has reduced this almost instinct- ive distaste for left-handedness, the age-old dislike is still evi- dent in many of our social cus- toms, - The proud Tuaregs of the Se- 1 hare Desert cling to this super- , stitious convention, These Arabs I will never pick up food with the left hand," for they consider it unclean and liable to poison their meals, This tribal taboo may 'make you smile, but remember the last time you either gave or attended formal dinner. In the name of "social etiquette," a good hostess always seats the guest-of-honour to her right. Even the reason why a woman keeps her wedding-band upon a finger of the left hand is signifi- cant, Originally, rings were worn as a charm to ward off evil spir- its believed to approach from the left! Today, the natives of Mexico's San Bias Islands won't let any left-handed woman serve food. Tradition there holds that such a person would cause the meal to spoil. And in Tolled, West Af- rica, the "duck-billed" women of the Oubangi never feed their children from the left breast, Statistics indicate that only about eight per cent of the world's population is left-hand- ed, But medical authorities have found that the overwhelming majority are right - handed be- cause of social pressures-rather than from natural physical causes! The choice of being right- handed seems to be forced on us early in life, Many appliances and implements are made for use by right-handed people only, Some types of scissors and tools, fishing rods, golf clubs and hockey sticks are typical of items designed for the right hand. A left-hander has to go to the ex- pense of having a special set . made, Before the advent of automatic weapons, a left - handed soldier was often in very real danger because of the difficulty of load- ing his right-handed rifle. Our language-written towards the right - is from earliest times full of praise for the right hand . . . "God and my right;" "Right must triumph;" "You did the right thing;" "On the right hand of God," Take, too, the Latin for left- "sinister," While from the French we got our ' word for clumsy, "gauche.", But the Latin for right-handed gives us "dexterous," that is, skil- ful, adroit. In politics, of course, Right and Left have their own particular auras of good and bad. With such a continuous influ- ence for a right-handed world, it is small Wonder, that, only in re- cent years have children ceased' to be forced to change from, left- handedness. At many schools they' were made to write with the right' hand, and at mealtimes to eat and drink "the right way round." Then psychiatrists found •that such forced right - handers can suffer extensive .emotional dam- age, often causing actual mental illness. For, if your left hand is strong- er than your right, 'it generally means that the whole of your left side, including the brain, is naturally more developed than the right. A psychological study recently completed in Baltimore revealed that both human and chimpanzee babies have no particular pref- erence for using the right or left hand, writes Sidney Allinson in "Tit-Bits," This only becomes evident af- ter the age of two. It might be an excellent thing if all youngsters were encour- aged to be ambidextrous. If you are equally able With, 'either hand, your skill at games, for instance, is likely 'to be con- sidered enhanced. Indeed, the left-handed often come into their own at sport - just look at the success of "south- paws" in big-time boxing, left- handers in, baseball and the cry- ing need for football players with a "good left foot," From all the evidence compiled ip the last few years, it Seems the socially-accepted right hand may be nothing more than the outcome of tribal taboos. Yet, although the original meaning of this custom has long been for- gotten, it still influences many aspects of human activity today. We always, for example, ex, tend the right hand in friend- ship, Although the reason may be that most of our friends, in the days of old, also carried their chief power on the dexter side. ' Some families have no cars, no washing machines, no televisions. They just have money in the bank. I IN` THE TREE TOPS. Mounting casualty list shoaled a number of paratroopers, hospital- !zed in Fort Jackson, S.C., as a result of quickening Winds which tWept most tif 1,206 jumpers into beet during a mast jump, a part of exercise Apachii.