The Wingham Times, 1885-08-21, Page 2FOR TEE FARMER.
Dairy and Stook Topics.
Salt for stook is not a neoessity. Here
may be a saving.—Col. F, D. Curtis,
A New York dairyman says he is convinc-
ed that evety buphel of ..windfall apple* fed.
to his cows was worth a pound of cheese.
Cows should pot be heated up by being
hurried, excited by bad usage, etc., and
should have a shade from the extreme hest
of the sun.
A beef animal is like an apple—first the
green stage ; second the ripe stage, and third
the overripe stage—when it begins to de-
teriorate,
Good pigs never come from poor Dare and
poor feed. Good care does not, however,
necessarly imply gorging a growing shote
with rich food until it is a mase of diseased
fat.
Give to the cows none but the best and
purest food. With no other stock is this so
essential, for the reason that ithas been fully
demonateated by competent authority that
milk is a very prolific source of transmitting
disease germs from impure food, and especial-
ly from impure waters.
In selecting, a dairy cow see that she has
a good bag. This is where she parries her
milk, and if small, she can not carry much,
Never buy a cow with teats an inch long;
let some one else have her, and get one with
teats that the hand can grasp. This is a
very important point in the make-up of a
dairy cow.
To make a gentle milker, a calf should be
trained from the time it is two months old, It
should be rubbed and stroked and petted.
Its teats and udder should be handled fre
quently from the beginning. Thus, when
the animal is ready to become a cow, it will
be familiar with the motions of milking.
A correspondent of the London Zaire Stock
Journal has been looking up ancient milk
records, andfinds amoog the laws of a Welsh
king, Howel Dd•, made as early as the tenth
century, that prices were fixed for the cur-
rent value of certain animals. For any de-
fect or blemish of any animal at the time of
sale, reparation and restitution must be made
by the seller.
No wooden utensil should be used in milk.
ing or in setting milk. Wood absorbs the
milk into its pores, and when the pail is
scalded, this milk becomes coagulated, fer-
ments and decomposes, and will surely in-
jure the milk, by infecting it with leaven of
putridity. Tin pails and pane should first
be washed with cold water, then with hot
water and soap to remove the grease, then
rinsed, and finally scalded with boiling hot
water, wiped with clean dry towels, and
afterwards placed out of doors to air in sun-
shine.
The straw from beans is a natural food for
sheep, and they are the only stock which
are fond of it. It is a healthy'food for them.
Oat straw isbetter for sheep than any un-
palatable hay. They will pick out all of the
leaves and heads of all kinds of straw, but
they do not like the coarse straws, and will
not eat them unless forced to by hunger.
Straw, to be poi for sheep, should not be
over -ripe, musty, or full of ergot. On this
account rye is the poorest, and wheat next.
To give sheep a keen appetite, no more
should be given them than they will eat up
clean. They come to a sweet smelling and
fresh rack of food with a relish.
A flock of sheep, says the Rural Canadian,
"should double themselves each year, and
early lambs will sell for quite as much as
the sheep cost in the first place, thus leaving
the parent stock and wool to the good. In
fact, sheep breeding is one of the best pay-
ing branches of mixed farming, especially in
this country, with its dry climate and rich
pastures. There is no country in the world
where sheep thrive so well, are so free from
disease, and attain such perfection, as in Ca-
nada. Those farmers who are neglecting this
important industry are standing in their
own light, and those who have kept their
flocks by careful breeding have never done
so well as during the past few years."
Shying or dodging horses are made so
generally by impaired eyesight which gives
them an imperfect view of objects, and they
do not recognize ordinary things and are
frightened by them ; whereas, if they could
Bee well they would not shy. Poor eyesight
may be caused by over -heating, over -draw-
ing and by wolf.teeth. For the first there
should be pooling diet, such as grass, carrots,
and bran mashes, together with laxative
medicine, glauber salts being the beat, fed
daily with the mashes, one-fourth pound, un-
til the animal gives evidence, by the bright.
nests of its coat and general appearance that
its blood has become purified and the fever
is out of it. When this condition is reached
the eyesight will be improved and perhaps
restored. Over -loading horsesieboth stupid
and winked, and strains the nerves of the
eyea, for which the only remedy in to wash
the eyes two or three times daily with a
mild extract of witch hazel, or some good
eye -water. When this straining is severe
nothing will cure it, and the horse usually
becomes blind.
*bough to see, Or leave the food where they
oan get 11; theatselves IA the •mgraing,
Never Wait\fee settee in the prion of young
chicks. It never comae. As Moon as wpar-
ague appears in the market, he the time
when they may be sold to good advantage.
When once the, Prices begin to deoliae, they
go down until the "old hen " standard is
reached.
Lova for the business and faithful atten-
tion to it puts the poultry raiser a long way
on the road to euooees.The difference be-
tween a basket of eggs and no eggs at all
lies in that, and in the result of the fidelity
with which a person will attend to the bud -
nese.
Keep the old hen cooped, but let the coop
be so located that the chicks can have a long
run on grass or in a garden. They will kill
myriads of small insects, to their own and
the farmer's good, and do no harm. Young,
chickens should be petted a little, by feed- 1
ing them from the hand and otherwise, so
they will remain tame. This will ease the
work and add to the pleasure of caring for
them very much.
Want of cleanliness is ono of the most .corn,
mon causes of failure in poultry keeping.
The house ;should be cleaned daily, or semi-
weekly at the longest. Sweep, whitewash
and use carbolic acid often enongh to keep
floor clean, and the roosts and nests free
from lice, Nest eggs made of calcliued plan •
ter, wet up with water in which are a few
drops of carbolic acid, are excellent for keep-
ing lice away from the nests.
Keep the chickens growing now, and feed
as if they were laying fowl. Now is the time
to force them along if it is desired to have
them lay early. A little extra fend and care
during the first three months will do more
good to make them good winter layers than
any patent poultry food can do after Thanks
giving. If breeding thoroughbred fowl, they
ehouldbe separated fromother;breeds at three
menthe aid, and better lit Hix weeks if Leg -
horns or game are with them,
Early maturity is an important factor in a
pullet, and hence it is now too late to secure
them early. The beat course to pursue is to
make up the time by crossing with cocks
from the early maturing breeds The best
cock for this purpose is a Leghorn. Pullets
from a Leghorn cock and ordinary common
hens will lay when six months old, and con-
sequently if the pullets are hatched in June
they will lay in December if the winter does
not come in too soon.
Geese should not be plucked until the
goslings are all hatched and able to take
care of themselves. The geese may be pluck-
ed twice—once in July and once in Novem-
ber, as they will have nothing to do after
this month in the way of laying or sitting.
It should be remembered that the renewal
of the feathers is a great drain on the system,
and the geese should be well fed, and given
a warm, dry place at night until they are
fully feathered again.
Eggs may be packedin salt for winter use.
Coal ashes, plaster, well -dried oats or corn,
and even duat may be used, but salt is the
best. Dry processes are more convenient
than liquid methods, and the later they are
preserved the better. The chief point to be
observed, however, is to frequently turn
the eggs, and keep the boxes in a cool place.
Under domestication fowls require nutri-
tious food, with a little seasoning. once in a
while, to give relish. Any simple condiment
like ginger, or popper, is stimulating and
helps to make them thrifty, but they should
not be fed on such quantity as would cause
undue action in the system, but merely to
"tone up." If fowls are fed in this way
there is no reason to expect they will keep
in good oondition and make themselves val-
uable to their keepers.
Poultry Points.
Sell alliproduete of the poultry yard as soon
as they are ready foes market.
Feed the poultry just before it goes to
roost, and again,' just as Soon as it is light
•
Are the Indient Dying; Oj><t ?
There are really noafaots• to., justify' tits'•
conclusion that the red races of America are
destined to meet the extermination that is
befalling the Polynesian tribes of the Pacific
Ocean. Those Indians who are living under
favorable condititn s are nor lily' holdeng
there own buten growing In number, TN,
Chcrokeos of the Indian territory, who in
1809 numbered 12,395 souls, have already
doubled. Many other Indians who have
abandoned migratory life, quit the war path,
and exist by agriculture instead of by the
chase are eitherstationery or are increasing.
There are some circumstances that en-
courage incorrect notions with regard to
the diminution of certiap tribes. The thou-
sand or so Indiana in New York, for in-
stance, are but a sorry remnant of the great
Iroquois confederation which two hundred
years ago is .believed tc have numbered
25,000 souls., It mast be remembered, how- -
ever, that when the, compact between the
Six Netiepa wee broken after the Revolu-
tionary war, many hundreds of them- emi-
grated north.' Seven thousand of the Oneid-
as, Cayugas, nd Mohawks, whose ancestors
lived in the beautiful Mohawk valley and
around the lakes of western N w York,
now dwell in Canada,, and are 'slowly in-
creasing in number. ' Many other depend-
ants of the broken Iroquois tribes are tillers
of the soil in Wisconsin. This dispersion of
Indian tribes among the whites or into new
territories'eceeunte for a part of . the de-
crease in numbers that has often been at-
tributed to mortality.
" Our etatiet,ics,",.said the Canadian In -
dian Comtrrfssioners in 1855, " militate
strongly against the theory of a steady de-
cline in the number of Indians." A report
upon the education of the Indians published
in this' city in 1577 remarked : " The In-
dians in general are not dimiuiehing in
number. They are, in all probability, des-
tined to form a durable element of Our popu.
talion."
Another muse that has led to exaggerated
notions of. the rapid dying out of Indian
tribes is the fact that if an Indian woman
becomes the wife of a white man,, the
chances are that she and her descendants are
never included in the unsatisfactory statis-
tics of our Indian population. Half breeds
figure to a large extent in the census returns
as white people. In classing them with the
imported rate the census pollector preeg-
urea the fate that is overtaking many of the
red tribes of America. It is not that they
are becoming wiped ofethe face of the earth,
but that, hemmed in on all sides by Euro-
peans, with no chance to recruit their num-
bers from without, they are gradually being
absorbed by the white race around them.
Tnirty years ago there were more Indians
than white people within twenty miler. of
St. Paul and Minneapolis. Many Indian
agents, trappers, soldiers, and some farm-
ers had Indian women for wives. Among
the half breeds and quarter breeds of Min-
esota to -day are many well educated and
highly respected people, graduates of the
beat aohools in. the West, a few of those
fathers gave their names to counties in the
States, were its Territ.rial Governors, or
helped form its State Constitution. They.
are not classed as Dakotas, but as white
people, and each succeeding generation ex-
hibits fewer indications of Indian origin.
There is abundant proof that the intermix-
ture of the races, from the St, Lawrence to
the Rocky Mountains, has not entailed
upon the redmen any physical or intellect-
ual deterioration.
The handful of Onondagas living near
Syracuse have doubtless deteriorated In
- mental and physical stamina, owing chiefly
to their frequent intermarriages, Their
cousins, however,the Mohawks and Oneidas
of western Canada, among whom there re-
mains hardly an Indian of unmixed blood,
are increasing in numbers and advancing In
civilization. Nearly half of the Cherokees,
the chief nation of the Indian Territory, are
half breeds. Prof. Daniel Wilson, of To-
ronto, who has collected a great deal of in-
formation about the Indian races, says that
in some of the Canadian bands not a single
pure blood Indian remains The wild In-
dians, who longest roamed our western
plains and maintained their tribal organiza-
tions intact, have by no moans maintained
the racial purity of their fathers. Mr, Lew-
is IL Morgan, who has devoted much study
to the Indians, estimates that the Dakotas,
Chippewas, and Potowetomies have taken
up enough white blood in the last two con-
turies to lighten the oolor of their entire
tribeb from one-s:xth to one -forth.
To the ethnologist the most interesting
produotbf this intermixture of races thus
far has been the 12,000 half breeds of the
Red River Settlements in Manitoba, who to
a large extent have kept themselves distinct
in their habits and s9cia1 relations both
from Indians and whritely, The sons of
French and Scotch' fathers, they surpass in
physique and endurance any of the native
raced, and present the phenomenon nowhere
else seen of a distinct half breed tribe, the
tendency among other Anglo-American hy-
bride being, as time goes on, to draw nearer
in blood and allegiance to the whites.
The main facts with regard to the Indian,
then, appear to be that, under eircumstaneee
which the hardiest white races could hardly
survive, he is rapidly dying out; that under
The Sea Captain 'and the "Fiery
Untamed."
A good story is told of an old sea captain
who keeps a little hotel in a northern village
on the sea shore celebrated for its sands.
His wife was very anxious to have a horse,
an animal in which the old man took but lit-
tle interest, but the old lady finally won her
point, and got her horse. The steedwas of
a playful disposition, and used, on the least
provocation, to tear madly along the shore,
and suoceeded in " spilling "'the old lady
several times, At last the captain, who had
never driven the animal, volueteered to break
him off his vicious habit ; so, getting another
old " salt " to aid him, he procured a kedge
anchor with a stout line attached. Fasten-
ing the end of the line around the axle, and
putting the anchor into the phaeton, the
" fiery untamed " was harnessed, and the
two m'n started for a drive along the shore.
Soon the vicious animal spied aomething
which gave him an excuse to run away, and
immediately dashed off with frightful viva-
city. The captain dropped the reins, and
summoned all hands to let go the " anchor.''
The anchor was let go, and naught firmly in
the sand, The unsnspcoting quadruped
pranced jeyouely along until he got to the
end of the rope, and than he pnoaed—paused
so suddenly that the phaeton was demolished
and the two men shot up into the air like a
couple of eky-rockete, coming down in a
fearfully dilapidet:d condition.
Let him who neglects to raise the faiien
fear lest when ho falls, ne one 'will etreteh
out his hand to Save him,
gonditions which enable the *hetes to thri
ileIa.inereasing-and proeperkeg in k'lessen
degree; and that in the coarse of time he is
destined to disappearas the native race of
America, not through extermination, but by
absorption into the overwhelming mass,
MEOtANI9AL ITEMS.
A good. sized whale will produce two tone
of whalebone .lf'treeted,Uke.a gentleman.
A machine has been invented wbioh wraps
up oranges in tissue paper more neatly and
rapidly than it can be done by hated.
Hard maple placed on end is from four to
five times as durable as maple, and equal-
ly as durable as the hardest baked tile,
End -wood flooring oan bo produced with aa
finely finished surface as that made on the
side of the grain.
An ordinary loolting cane of very peculiar
construction has boon invented by a Madrid.
man. It contelus a complete set of topo-
graphical and telegraphic instruments, a heli-
ograph and a lantern. It is intended for the -
use of engineers lathe army service,
Impermeable floors are now regarded as
indispensable in houses constructed on hy-
gienic principles., They must be so treated
that ,the wood cannot absorb moisture;
rough places must be made smooth, and
such cranks or depressions as give rise to the
smallest aooureultetions of dust are not per
missible,
'A vegetable • leather, meld to be fully equal
to the animal';preduot,,isemade in Paris from
gutta percha„ sulphur, raw cotton, zinc
white, kolkothar, and pxide of antimony,
The fleet two ingredients are necessary,
while the other parts may be replaced by
chemicals of similar character. The propor-
tions are varied withethe purposes.
An English paper suggests that "if a
man wants a carriage or implement photo.
graphed so as to make a working copy to
scale, all that is necessary is, when the photo
is being taken, that *'clear and distinct three
foot rule be placed on the carriage ; this is
photographed along with the carriage, and
no matter what the size of the print or neg-
ative, will always be a true scale. It en-
larges and diminishes in exactly the same
proportion as the carriage. .
In certain French steel works a workman
in cutting fifteen -inch files uses a hammer
weighing seven and seven -tenths pounds and
wears out a handle of holly wood in about
one year, after having struck about 11,250,
000 blows with the hammer. In cutting
triangular files about five inches long, and in
metal somewhat softer than the above, the
hammer used weighs two and tavo-tenths
pounds and the holly handle lasts about two
years, and. has been used in striking 25,440,
000 blows. This is another instance of the
constant, but long continued, drooping that
is said to wear away stones,
A correspondent of a mechanical - paper
says: "I have had great trouble in procur-
ing a small loose pulley that would stand
,`running at a high rate of speed with a very
tight belt. After trying a large number of
different kinds of wood and iron, with long
and short bearings, bushings of babbitt,
copper, etc„ none of which would stand
more than two months, I at last procured
some sole -leather; I put the flat surfaces to-
gether, and bolted through with four bolts;
after boring and turning, I soaked it well
in oil and put in place. It has now been
running about one year, and is still apparent-
ly as good as new, It requires very little
oil.
An iron ore boulder that had been on ex-
hibition for some time in the Louielena De-
peartment of the Exposition"at New Orleans,
was smelted the other day at a foundry in
that city after being broken up. The lump,
which weighed about 350 lbs., was picked
up on the mirfaoe of the ground in Clair -
borne Parish ire the northwestern seetion,of
the State, and in e. county thatappears to
have been upheaved by volcanic action.
Upon being reduced the speoimen referred
to yielded about 50 per cent, of pure metal-
lic iron, report say, free from sulphur.
As the supply of the ore Is practically inex-
haustible, Louisiana, it some, will soon be
ranked among the iron producing States.
A Qaestion of Time.
The little woman was at the seaside and
would have enjoyed herself but for the
heartrending tettersehe received each morn-
ing from her husband. " My darling," was
the burden of his cry, "I am miserable
without you, and, the house is so wretched
acrd lonely." And she belieted these letters,
and after a more than usually Miserable one,
peeked tip and came back to town without
a word. i?ull%of pleastjre at the joyful slur -
/Asa .she was going to give her sorrowing
spouse, she 'drove up to the house and enter,
ed the door, She fatted the disooneolete
one at the head of a big table, surrounded
by the nrixedost ;party that had ever set foot
in that establishment, and Pinging outfit the
top of his veice. She sought herbed *weary
and tearfully. And then her husband stood
beside her, "You brutc,'l she Maned, .'"to
say you are miserable," "M'dear," he re-
marked, as he swayed to and fro, "you for-
get. I alweyeh write to you in the morning
when I am mie'able. To -morrow, when all
thislh died out, I shall be so mis'able that,
that that you'll be sorry you came back,'
BUI'FALO OR BE4B.
,t stemarkgble Hu
antle Endiandngig"(wep g[e itemark-
"Speaking of buffalo," said Mr. B, Gilpin,
well•kownn Celoxado, ceetee man,
" the last herd+I ever saw was a small one,
consisting of less than twenty head, which
my brother France and I encountered near
Powder River, W. T., in the Fall of 1883.
We were out prospecting for a good cattle
range, and came upon the bison near a
wooded bluff, close to river. Leaving our
buckboard and four horses tied to a tree, we
started after the noble game, quickly aeleot-
ing a fine-looking bull, which we out out of
the herd and chased on foot as well as we
could. Owing to the rough character of
the ground, my brother and I soon became
separated. Frank going on one side of a
hill and 1 on the other, losing sight of each
other for a few minutes. When I emerged
on the other side I witnessed a strange
transformation. The pursued had become
the pursuer. My brother was running like
a quarter hone, while the bull, with lower-
ed horns, was rapidly closing up the gap be.
twsen them. The situation looked critical,
and I made the most haste possible to render
what assietancel could to my fleeing brother.
Before I could, approach neer enough to get
a shot at the shaggy pursuer, Frank sudden
ly disappeared in the mouth of a large cave,
with the buffalo following a good second.
Their disappearance lasted but for a few
minutes, Just as I got opposite the cave
the frightened beast emerged, and with a
Ioud bellow plunged for the creek beyond,
,and, what, was the most wonderful, Frank
was seated on the back of the buffalo, with
both hands enmeshed in his shaggy hair,
holding on as for dear life, with blanched
face and eyes starting from their acekets.
The mad plunges of the beast, accompanied
by its terrific roars, were perfectly frightful.
Passing down the bank, it plunged into the
stream, partly waded and partly swam
across, then, rushing up the tank on the
opposite aide, through a clump of scrub
Dake and willows, succeeded in dislodging
and landing him, bruised and bleeding, in
the underbrush. Making my way to him as
soon as porsiblo, I relieved him of his awk-
ward predicament and assisted him to rise.
"As soon as he recovered himself suffioi-
ently to speak he askedme for some brandy.
Having a flask with me, I gave him some,
and he revived considerably. ' That was a
close shave,' he gasped as he renewed his
attentions to the flask. ' What was it?' I
asked. ' Well, you see after I got separ-
ated from you at the hill I took a short cut
through a ravine, thinking to head off the
buffalo and got a good shot. I succeeded in
heading him off, bat instead of getting a
shot at him he turned upon, me suddenly,
and, fearing his horns, I ran along the edge
of the batik, and seeing the .mouth of the
cave, dashed in, with the bull close behind
me, I had proceeded but a few yards, how-
ever, before I saw before me what seemed
to beetwo balls of fire, and was greeted with
a horrible sound, ;which was a cross be
tween a growl and a roar. I became sue;
denly aware that I was facing a huge cinna-
mon bear, which, to my excited imagination
was a thousand times more terrible than
'the pursuing buffalo. Turning to go back,
I found my recent enemy blocking my way
of egress, and in the agony of the moment I
*hose the desperate alternative of mounting
upon his back, my only thought being to
escape from the bear. No sooner bad I alight-
ed on the beast than he turned swiftly and
rushed out of the cave frightened, • if any
thing, more than I was myself. You know
the rest. I don't want another each ex
perienoe, I can tell you.'
" We went back to our wagon and camp-
ed for the night, returning next morning
to the cave, where we concealed ourselves
and waited some hours, until • finally the
bear came out of his hiding place. Seeing
us, he made a desperate plunge toward the
spot where we stood. I fired itt him from
my W incheater, wounding him in the breast.
The shot seemed to anger him more, and it
was not until I had nearly emptied the
magazine of my rifle that he finally fell.
Several shots from my brother's rifle soon
finished him. We drove the wagon as close
to the carcase as possible,' loaded it on the
vehicle with some difficulty, and took it to
the nearest town« Tho bear weighed 575
pounds and was one of the largest that has
been killed in that portion of the country,"
Ingrafting Negro Skin.
Dr Bryant in his work on surgery tells of
a ease where he ingrafted negro skin on a
white man, and the grafts grew with such
Woes that the man's leg, when cured, was
half white and half black. It is not stated
whether the bleakskia hod any effect in sub-
sequently changing the white skin on other
portions of the patient's body, but such a
result cannot be oonaidered an impossibility
because the black pigment Enigrum pig -
mentum} of the negro's skin mutt have been
injected into the patient's body. If ladies
can change the colour of their hair and sub-
due warts, pimples, and muddy complexions
by the simple remedies of the modern toilet
it would be highly derogatory to the science
of surgery to deny its power to change
White to a black skin,