The Huron Expositor, 1972-03-16, Page 16• ' .
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HURON EXIK/STOR,SEAFORT14, ONT.: NQUICH 16,1972
Iritish Postage Stamps Are Reminders Of Polar Explorations
BAl'IYSI-I POLAR EXPLORERS
FOR ISSUE 0721
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Most of the great 'voyages
of discovery in the polar regions
of the world were made by Brit-
ish seamen and navigators. Their
work in opening up the Arctic
and Antarctic territories is rec-
ognised by the -latest set of four
special stamps issued by .the
British Post Office.
Significantly, the only
explorer to have been honoured
by a previous British .stamp. was
Captain James Cook. Though best
remembered for his three voy-
ages o f discovery to the Pac-
ific, Cook also blazed the trail
of Antarctic exploration. His '
signature and his bark
eavour" were featured on the
1 s '9d stamp in' the General Anni-
versaries set of 1968:
The north-west passage from
the Atlantic to India and the
Far East, across the top of
Canada, occupied the imagina-
tion of explorers from the end
of the 15th century.. In 1560
Captain Martin Frobisher, a
Yorkshireman like Captain Cook,
first toyed with the idea o f
finding the north-west passage,
but 16 years elapsed before he
was able to fit out.an expedition.
In 15'76 an
d
ships
"Gabriel" and "Michael" left
Blackwall and sailed via the Shet-
land Islands for North America:
The ,•Gabriel" sighted the coast
of Labrador, but Frobisher failed
to find the north-west passage.
He made two voyages in sub-
sequent years, discovering rob-
isher Bay nod Hudson Strait. An
attempt was made to found a
colony, and a quantity of ore
was shipped back to England,
but Frobisher abandoned the pro-
ject. For his services against
the Spanish Armada he was
knighted by Queen Elizabeth.
A portrait of Frobisher, now
in the Bodleian Library, Oxford,
is featured on the 5p stamp of
the explorers' series, against
a map adapted from Part of the
World by Desceliers (1550). •
The quest for the north-west
passage was taken up by Henry
Hudson who, in 1607, sailed in
search of a short sea route to
China. He explored eastern
Greenland andSnitsbergen,pene-
trating as far north as 80 deg-
rees, and the following year
sailed through the Barents Sea,
looking for a north-east passage
round Russia, but without suc-
cess. In 1609 he commanded an
expedition financed by the Dutch
East India Company to North
America, exploring th e river
which now bears his name.
Hudson's fourth attempt on
the polar route to China took
place in 1610. He spent some
months charting the great bay
nained after him and spent the
wink i there. In the spring Of
1611 however, some of the crew
mutinied and cast Hudson, with
eight others, adrift in an open
boat. Nothing more was , ever
heard of him.
The 7 1/2 stamp bears a
portrait of Hudson, from the
painting by John Collyer in, the
Tate Gallery. The background
shows a map of North America
from the map of Petrus Plancius,
whom Hudson met ii, Amsterdam
in 1608. This•map by Plancius
was published by 1592.
James Clark Ross, featured
on the 3p stamp, accompanied
his uncle, Sir John Ross, on his
first Arctic voyage in search of
north-west passage 'in 1818. In
the 1820S' he made four Arctic
voyages under Parry and in 1831
determined the position of the
North Magnetie Pole. In 1839-43
.he commanded the Antarctic ex-
pedition of the "Erebus" and
"Terror" in' which he discovered
the southern sea named after him.
, The stamp depicts a' portrait
of Ross from a print held by the
Royal. Geographical Society of an
engraving by Henry Cook, of the
painting by J. R. Wildman now
in the National Maritime Mus-
eum, Greenwich. The background
map is that of the South Pcilar
Sea published inSeptember, 1841,
by order of the House of Com-
mons.
The pioneering work ofRoss
was followed by other British
expeditions in the latter half of
the 19th century. In 1899 Lieut-
enant Robert Falcon Scott was
appointed commander of theNat-
lonal Antarctic Expedition whieh
charted the southern continent
between 1901 and 1904. In 1910 he
organised an expedition to the
South Pole• in the "Terra Nova".
Scott and his four companions
reached the pole in January 191.2,
only to find tkat Amundsen had
beaten them to it., TIA, tragic
end to this expedition in no way
diminishes the splendid achieve-
ment of Scott's party, whose rec-
ords and diaries have been pre-
served for posterity.
Scott is the subject Of the 9p
stamp and his portrait is based
on a photograph held by theRgyal
Geographical Society. The back-
ground map is adapted from the
'track chart' of the British Ant-
arctic Expedition of 1910-13.
All the stamps were designed
by Miss Marjorie Saynor and are
printed in multicolour t photo-
gravure by Harrison. and Sons,
100 to a sheet, on coated, un-
watermarked paper,- with phos-
phor lines. Perforations are 15
by 14.
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