The Lucknow Sentinel, 1918-04-25, Page 84
.1
IN Thsna*AN" Ikin74 *In deasg4e.y of horror. POISON GASES AS
i oars, fo.prevent them from givhig it
I,. MANN Meade The roll-eall at dawn reveal- WAR wupoN es the rate of gas escape,
i ed a mast 000.
OU* soya Nam Ts... mile beread stretched a. German
FAMOUS CRANE. "1"1" trench. In front of it not a single Ale kiltiST USED BY GERMANS IN emissions, so that the enemy cannot
ternate gas emissions with smoke
Ilied soldier. The Canadian trench ex- APRIL:, 1915. • teil vdiere the gas ends aral the
tended beyond the edge of the wood. cm4ke begins. There is no limit to
Two thousand men had reeked to the proved a failure, beeauee it diminish, -
v *ening poise, This, however, has
To tiro left of this wood and for *
• .•••••-
0.0.4141
I Another idea of theirs hu Leen
. to mix the gas with smoke, or to al-
• , German machine guns played upon it I
wed Anadverear7 or Day which eoastantly. Many of the defenders Direction of Wind, Hour of Day, and
sac Low -Gear Performance.
dr'
▪ "
t went down.
What is "your opiniori about usin
Tricks of the Him.
. Mahal a IhWaltig rag, la the I Then the German artillery seine- 1 Slope of Terrain, Important Wediave got to hand it to the Hun. a motor Far for work that. require
' day long the great ehells swept thoia, 'cleverness in warfare is voncerned he .there hey way of tellirig whether an
, The morning of April 22, 19157 Canadian line from end to end. Ifer; In /the first week of April, 10IU, has the best of us. The hest we can parts of a. ear have been etrained
Meek* clear and warm. The first light ribly accerate 'Was their fire. By M00% there came into the Ypres salient a , do at times is to imitate his metbeds. These questione come from a reads
breath of spring was, in the air. A. the trench was filled in awes. To de$erta who 31,riggic acid is 01E, deeallieet of vitae apparently tbinkh he has Owe
mid -summer Bilenee_larendad-,over the , one was eeeteee to crawl over were preparing to assail the Bsh
said that the Germane
known poisons. It was reported a ibisgilv feom other remark
°Valley of Deeth." The occasional dead and dying. One's cemrades army with floods of a poisonous gas.
of a 'motor car for pullin
while ago that the Germans meant to : nuide.
shattered walls of St. Julien. All was crowded solitude. Scant help email the purpose—the cylinders filled With
*hell be bursting echoed back frorn the breathed their last in a roaring'
, IIe described the installation for use it for gas eieude. Mach alarm WaS f tate use
created by this announcement, But •
heavy' loads that require it to be iti
own satisfaction on more them one oet
c easien.
el My first experience of this kind
a, was when an almost now tiro for spine
y unknown reason (some thought it bad
been improperly attached) blew off it(
✓ arid tore an alrecat fafsmitrht slit
el in the new inner tube about 34' inches
• tong. I was told that the ihnertube was
beyond repair, but it outraged my
g sense of economy to think ef throwing
away that practically Um tube. I
• History of the Dominion. where on the right got the range. All Factors fat Succees. " Ile may be a brute beast, but where hard pulling in low gear? And i
peace„ the peace of death be rendered. A Shell lighting in a
liquid chlerlue, and all the rest ef it was raere eaumnage. Ttiet neyer
Campbell of the 16th Battalion
, p o ead and wounded; red tusk la His story WaS absolutely true, but contemplated anything of the. k. Ind, if the amount of such work is limited
w gear is not particularly injurious
The First Canadian Division,* said and gory heads streaked the air. nobody believed it. The thing was toe
I another kiwi. of gas, 'phosgene," was
Akin of the driver * handling hie
because for this patticuiar °purpose
by competent observers to be the
Flower of the British Army," held thought of retreat simply oceurreel.te'
e nadians hung on. The
incredible.
A few days later canto the first gas clecracti laare
deadly'. clutsh and throttle. However, con -
• • 4,4117ral..r.,:-TA '40 ir•
IRE RIME OF
WINTER HEATING
ANCIENT METHODS OF WARM-
ING DWELLINGO,
Great Advances Have Been Made in
Heating realities 'During the
Last Century.
„,
What the fie2re will bring forth in
the matter of winter heating it is
hard to tell, Possibly in years ' to
cern° some wizard will invent a meth-
od whereby the whole of the out of
doors an be, kept warm. Then heete
• had a small vulcanizer with which 4 ers in the benne Will be done qway
.1 •
hole nearly four lathes lens', could ba with and eummer will reign through -
repaired at cone time, alai with this ate the year: The reopie of those
I started to work- . ''''" daye will' Wok back at our present up -
'A. four -inch portion :at one end of to date Methods of heating its being -.
the long tear was filled with the re- 1- I
as menighted As we in our turn look,
Pair gum according to the directions
for Making -ordinary reveilles. , back tend regard thase' el our ances-
niallwdeincf letnhg4tchenteof After terS. Yet those sante ancestors hi
that they'
, tube in my vuleanizer, which was then lad been bore
rittioatee,(11ryeitelipiepreedeotnan; thankedther•Cia ytlea le lira generationekys tars
I lighted. It happened ta be it steam ere. e
in !such an agii of lux- •
vulcanizer, and after lighting , the -J.
hire itself, has been' known to num,
twitting 7 elemeet no further watching kind since prehistoric tunes areferude .
was necessary, as the vulcanizer is
entirely mitematic in its action. been unearthed whfeli Were devised
'stoves made of stone end claa ..haaa •
Xne the meantime the oPposite end thousands of years. ago and on which '
of the tear was filled, with repair gum prehistoric ma* was able to cook his '
'IIn the same Manner 'so that be the f .after this,
. '
time the arst repair was vulcanized, that.devicwegssdleoslgn heatingiepvuerr:
the eeeoncl was Toady. Thus the re- poses were introduced.
pair progreesed,' Arid one end and, One of the earliest methods of heat -
then the other, the tear being grad- ing was by carrying•a pan filled with
malt/. closed until at last one patch glovving charcoal into' the' room to :
closed it entirely. r tested the tube in be heated. 'Even the wealthiest fami-
find no leaks. Afterward this
a pan of water. and was gridified to lieg among the Persians, Greeks and
seine ToRoomonaezz. heated statier mil :Tose : is etliel
Vice and was finally scrapped because to -day by the Russian peasant 'the.
tube gave thousands of miles of ear -
of old age.' ' *
Suffocated by Gas. e
Italian. and the Spaniard,
I should state, perhaps, that the re -
one
pair was not made at one time or
While this manner of beating a
ay, spare time only being used,
. de advantages over no heating at had.
which otherwise might have been
it also had its ilisadvantages; and
waded or used less profitably.
rather serieus one e at"that. ' As there
ng was done some '
The repair described in the forego -
no' • chinineys nor any Special
ince then I hate mended .even longer
years • ago, and weia
means of ventilation in those days,
the gases and smoke from: the, fire
ears', and always with perfect suc-
escaped as beet the could and Were ' •
ess. All that is requared is patience,
a elottlatlesst;loptoornorly
ood vulcanizer: One that is auto -
little time, repair material, and seenrie ng boutte detatente . •
geei.w"ass. almost suffocated by ' the gas..
atic in its action is to be preferred,
H.& - • . • . ' and smoke froin the firebtandit
• . brought in to warm- hie room in the '
-palace-whiche le occupied in Paris;
Grateful to the Bniton.. . while,' his lees fortunate successor.;
Emperor joeitni, actually died froth
euffecation from the charcoal 'fire used
in his bedroom. •
The ROmaris, however, impreved en:'
this method and we find that the
Baths ' of: Pompeii were heated hy
meane of the hypocaust, whieh was •
iresented-aboute-a00-1M---Ther-con-
eieted- of a low baseirient-chamber; at .
the of which fire was burned.'
a a a great deal deltende 411 the
the apex of the Ypres ealient, It was 'no one. They waited the German op. attack. It changed the whole ,ceurse I tinual low -gear perfermances is like -
The Hun intentioa was to advertise
known to be a danger plant on the Al- slaught It was sure to come. But it -ef the war. The British troope were,
;tract attention front •phosgene 7 Me°, boil and also cause coesiderable ear-
ned line. General Sir Horace Smith never came. Men's nerves were worn overwhelmed by it. There waa no de -
it and
in the cylinders. Do not Jet
prussic acid. and incidentally to die"; ly to ;mike the water. in the radiator
endurance might be tested to the ut-1
Darien had warned the men that their thin and ragged. But they hung on;
Finally night drew on. The enemy the "fleet, with no. chance to fight. Al
fense, Whole re,giments pereataa en to frighten. In neither aim was
successful The Allies were not sear the water in
• the radiator get. beleii
termost in leading it. His words ire elaekened. Still the attack held gaP miles in width and several miles
phosgene Isthey rereVkleci helmets that the
the upper hoe conneetion And if
ed,aand being warned in time of the
came true. f off. No sleep for weary men, ia depth Was made in the Allied lines. watee boils violezitly
The Third Brigade held the left of ' though.- All night -twig they .stood to , The Gerznans themselves had not were ,proot against ously, 'that hail; warning and eonthin,
to etop•
the Canadian, line. First came the, arms.: A little food was brinight up
Thirteenth Battalion (Fifth Royal 1" The men felt soMewhat refreshed: tweapon would be. If thea had done
, suaereu 'my we rear tires when anal: -
realized what the effect 'of this new •
• Thit probably the greatest injury' is
!THE DEAD WHO Larg roR „
Highlanders of Montreal) and the Fif. Th ended. so they might have won the war then ',Premier Lloyd George Pays Tribute ma 1
o e is usedheavy pulling.
teenth Battalion (Forty-eighth High -
binders of Toronto). To the left again
lay the.Nortli Afriean troope Of the
French. The $ixteentli Battens:in
(Canadian Scottish) lay in AA
the outskirts of Ypres.
Gas Does Its Deadly Work.
The warm clay dew to a, close. Suite
Then some news of' the battle
Saved the Road to Calais.
they could not c9iit 'on such results.
• and there. But it was en experiment; I
To Empire's Heroic Dead.'
Putting chains on the rear wheels will
gan to leak through. The Germans ' as many prisoners as a total . blame- Minister Lloyd George to those •Who ency to spin amnia without getting
about 120,000 omen, arid immense •
had attacked with three army corps, diate gain,
have died in the wart - traction, 'there is no definite means
quantities of artillery. This ancl the ' wePaperee aeiense against this novel "There are hundreds of thousande of of determining whether any parts
naW‘asphixiating gas which theY "respirators" were immediate- sorrowing men and women in this land have been strained, exeept that ex-
on iterunt of this, War. Their an -1 cesstve wear is indicated by a noisy
Aa it was, they clamed 6,000, dead and Here is the.,tribute paid by Prime Jury should the wheels ahoer a tend-
help considerably to reduce this in.
hurled at the French and y adopted. The first ones were made
en y all the world seemed to epring lines caused the F It t b '
Canadians 'by hundreds of thousands in England
rocked and groaned on its foundatione.
The universe seemed filled with a
ttottring, a whirring and a throbbing.
A. frightful roar and a lime calla?.
sett Houses and cellars vomited peo-
ple—old people, young, cripples, crip-
pled women with crippled children on
their hacks. An agonized scream went
Up. Shells burst everywhere. The
city was mad with fear. The German
guns were getting in their work.
Over the rise, acroes, the canal, dine
. figures appetite& There were scores
• of them. They reeled and staggered
es they came. The vanguard reached
the bridge. 'hey coualeed and wept,
turning agonizieg Saces to the Can-
adians. No W and then one dropped,
• writhing. It wee the French Turco.
German hate' had done its work '''
The order came to fall in on the low and blue, with British and French
road behind the canal. Daticriess was uniorms. -
Extra ammunon- wag' issued, and the , Five days and, nights they went, and
I
coming on. 'The men oheyed silently.. . Then the Canadians got some sleep.
battalion moved silently off oi I -
' Into life. The air trembled: The citY forcing the Canadian left to retire. A by patriotic women, the device adopt -
Into o reek,
ed being simply a pad of cotton -wool
gap of more than a mile was made in,
the line.' The Forty-eighth Highland- wrapped in muslin and saturated with
; a solution of sodium carbonate and
ers and the Fifth Royals, of Mont- • thiosulphate. -
real, were almost surrounded. • • '
With the exception of the Canadian I
First Gas Hehnet.
Scottish and the Tenth battalion, not l Later on the respirator developed
a man lay between the Germans and into a helmet of sorts; . which was
Calais. They. might have marched merely a flannel bag (to be put oVer
through. , These two units were hurl- the head) saturated with the same so -
ed at the German line, were sacrificed, lution and provided with a mica eye-
lid thee. forced the Germans to piece or window. This is still Used,
pause, believing the British must be in a modified form, the bag being put
in force or they would note dare at- over the head and tucked- into the
tack. , ‘ .
. wearer's Jacket •
' And do for dais the battle went. It is an old saying that the • only
Each night the roar of fire died down. way to fight the devil is with fire, anti,
Each dawn the roar of fire rolled up. Accordingly, .the gas weapon was
Then the reserves commeneed to come, quickly adopted by the Allies. The
a etraggpg Unit at first, but in atiatt method used for the production pf gas
or two t a face of the earth was el- clouds is substantially the sake to-
day, however, as that originally em-
-ployed by the Huns. ...
Holes are deg in the bottom of the
trench, beneath the parapet, and the
ny o them lead not 4 four hours' cylinders of liquid chlorine are buried
, eking the canal and through the out- I sleep. Now, cazhe a chance to rest.at. •
skirts of Ypres 'until it reached the night.. . i ' •
road. The darkness was thinned by Font one- of the held to an -
the glare from burning Ypres and the other th y !novel som 4 .
_litish afeburating-ehells. .q„. - ging, in t • ee times in one day; now
Down the St. Julien toad they pash- , behind , elle' British and nove In gap-
ed. The ranks moved stealthily. The , port of. the French. Always ' under
front rank was not more than 150 that galling fire they stayed in the
.aiierla Wm' the treheliese-lat: .' , t ' battle. •.. • e• Each cylinder containssfortY Peilad
Then it haPpened. ' --. • , , At last hunian 'endurance reached
,
of liquid chlorine. Commonly there are
Baptism of Fire ' an end. The boys could stand
, Their . . -
, ,-no ' thiee cylinders to each two "yards of
With a ioar like a great more. On the .inglithif the fourth of 'front. Sometimes the cylinders are
.forest May, after twelve days of constant ef-eltieuble banked. The idea ,in view- is
afire, the whole front of the wood and fort at high pitch, they were taken 4
hundreds of yards on either side burst Tout That night they marched twenty
into lines of Jagged -flame. Hundreds miles to billets near Bailleal.!
of flares shot into the sky, laying -----e•------
bare the teeth like a noonday sun. ' SPELLING REFORM.'
The front lined, 'melted. Down went - , -- ' - • , .
'the- mens. They seemed to fall like The Revolution in Russia Brings Joy
Jeavea, but none paused: to inquire a .to the School Children.
comrade's fate. How, dicl any win •
in them. When wanted for use, each
cylinder is conneeted-with a lead pipe
bent •over the top of the parapet. A
01 '
guish s 'too deep to be expressed or to rattling mechanism.
be comforted by words, but, judging himploying the motor car to 11
not a single one of them. who would
recall the valiant dead to life at the
price of their countree dishonor. The
example of these brave men who have
fallen has enriched the life and exalt-
ed the- purpose-. of all. You cannot.
haefe four znillions of men in any land
who voluntarily sacrifice everything
the world can offer them in obedience
to a higher call without ennobling the
country from which they sprang.
"The fallen, while they have illu.
mined with fresh lustre the glory of -
their native lend, have touched with
new dignity the household ' attach
they left for the battlefield. There
will be • Millioris who , will come back
and live to tell chianti now unborn
how te -generation before in Eagan -a;
Scotland, Ireland andaWales, and 'in
the ends of the earth, the men of our
race were swilling to leave ease and
comfort to face privation, torture and
death to win 'protection for the Nveak
and justice for the oppressed.
"There are hundreds of. thousands
who will neva come back.' "'For them
ill -be -for -egos te-comees
prevent the "kick" of the outrushing heave; chivalrous men who gave up
nozz 07 to memories in, a meriad of homes of
.-gas (the chlorine rapidly vapeeizing) their young lives -for justice, for right;
from 'Wafting the Pipe back hitt; the • •
teencli.
the maltitudes whom I knoW, there is
'Xree om in peril. e.
"This resolution means that the
.greatest Envie& on earth through this
Ouse thanks the hying for the readi-
ness with which they supported its
behest. It also means, that this great
'Empire, -through this House, enters
through? The air seemed filled with Russian lichool children are re-
. .
rifle and machine gun bullets. The joicing. Not only have the school gently away from the trenches in
ditches, *wire, over hedges that offer- netic spelling, whit* will eliin t
overhead. agaia and on, theaugli :sheviki
roar was constant Shrapnel burst teachers gone on strike, but the Ifolei
Government has adopted pho- the direction and face of the d
which the cylinders are placed. But
always to make the gas as strong as
possible. When liberated it corribines,
of coursa with the air. A perceptage
of one paet of thetgaette 1000-ora1r'
is considered strong. Usually it is
much less.. •
Necessary Conditione. '
•
The most suitable terrainefor• a gas
discharge is where the ground slopes
ed o shelter, men fallnig everywhere,
t on they rushed: With a wilayell the
trench was reached. The firingbroke
zudd n y off. Gray figures darted .h'ati
away through the trees. Those who
remained were simply killed in pass»
lug. On into and through the ;wood
went the Canadians. . • •
• The place 'WAS, Von. The Gerinani
Lid been removed. Rus
The wood wood was widede and the under- 1 vitt,
growth thickin places. From the left ;The
broke out a beeye rifle fire. The lad -a idea
lets -Anted through the trees. The the d
Canailianstheeded • thein '
They
' were hunting Germans and they toy-
ed with death. Many fell.
- Lieutenant .Colonel 13oyle, 'of the
Tenth, was Lieutenant Colonel
Leckie, of. the. Sixteenth, :collected the
ttlf, Ant! tett-!-:them 'use( to the capture
ed German trenehe Tateethayetettetae,
,-.44-wr-iiiilmfoiyiated,-Twiiin.T. dawn
' broke they Were partly dug in.
seeetemeate,,,..
are • 01absolute hieportance, la win
, the
some of the difficulties- of caltieRuSsian ,or- wind blows less. than four miles an
thography. • e • ,
hour it is too weak at -aerie the gee
The National Commissioner 01Edu- cloud. i exeeeds twelve mules an
on, with a view to raising • thee h it tends to disperse the gasand
general standard of education, has is- carry it upward. . -..
sued a decree that from Ian. 1 the The best time for a gas attack is
. .
new simplified , spelling shall - be between sunset and dark, or between
taught in the schools.. The ' reform, early dawn and sunrise. In the fleet
consists in the elimination from the light of dawn the cloud cannot be
sian alphabet of three letters-- !Seen. approaching. The defenders,
vhita and the simple form of E. 1 under such cirtunistances, can obtain
pronunciation of these letters is, warning only from, the sense of smell,
ical, respectively, with A, F and e or from the <hissing scared which the
ouble forni of E; and the correct '
11111140mosigrf-r.•
Pm %Jou eAci-t4E
• NEt.kg
each home of the heroic dead, grasps
the bereaved by tae hand; and says:
The ,EmPieeZewea you gratitude • for
yourshare of the.sacrifice as well ' as
for theirs, partakes in your pride for
their Villa and in your grief for their
loss." . •
2
The Joys of pardemng.-
Don't you. want a karden plot,
Jirst a little corner lot, ,
Seeds to plant, and thirige that grow?
That's the life you want,:I know'Z
just a spade and rake, and hoe,
Seedling soldiers, roW on row;
Guard, them from the wily foe
(Regiments of weeds, you know).
Just a shower of gentle rain, •
Then the sun to shine again! -
Soon, fresh rows of tender green --
Shoot-up where the seeds have' aeen.
Now, once more, the hoe and rake
'Sure success eomes in their wake; '
Keep SOMe yards of hose at hand; '
s make 'when emitting, the Water's alvtays in demand.
use. of -the tespectiveletters has al• diedly 'gas.. - • ' -
a sureivea of one of. the old iSlavonie flees is diteeted and operatedellea twa Loeodrytroecgi,eaidrofno; yito,ue and. Me; ' '
I
ways been it test of education, Yatt, All of the Getman .. .
aetsoneeas best. Just a bit ef worlc. , You see, - .
but even to middle•;elass Itussiaria. of various sctenees—engineers, diem -
characters, has ' 'been a 'stumbling- regiments of • pioneers • officered by
—Nell Ruth R ff .
block th Many, rIot only to' foreignerg; men highly trained in 'the technology Come, Ore fellowe, do •your
•
its t raeteorolegiataelant
• •
,t_Nzri:-ozr;-L-T.utnl-;tvcair4rgi;r)i--el
s -t irtiertS areliiisy all the tizn,e An imitation' wool for ailing - -would sexily, but it will permit the
mat- seedsmen, to supply some one else who
Evergreens 'may be prunedeat this with new inventions, one of the most tresses and pillows is being made °thaw'
time, if required. ' itecent being a silencer for the cylin- f k
loaded wagon is a type of usefulneis
permissible on a small scale, but if a
person ha e rnuch hauling to do he
had better get a tractor. An auto-
mobile is designed to do most of Rs
work in high gear and at fairly high
seeed.--B.S, • f.
,
•
•
Repairing Tube Cuts. t
happens that an al-
otherwese. perfectly
will receive a long
be thrown Away be-
thinks a satisfactory
made. Now this is
I have proved to my
British Line Regimentse -
(Written in Flanders After the Seecind
-, Battle of Ypres.) .
Last year they came :term the hea
To fight in Flanders' greasy plain
A dozen in each company
..Are all of them that pft eerettizi;
It matters not that fete survive
That losses nuanit tovent per cent.;
.7
Stil
The Spirit of -the gee -an -wet
The shine Ola stuff.they.seein to be -
The same old qualities theyeshow;-
:Ozieciniftietehle infantry, • .t".
The same_ to -day as ,Iong ego;
stench and heat in dust and glare,
In freezing mud and driving rain, -
Stubborn as their forefathers were
Who fought with • Wellinetoe in
Spain.
• It sometimes
most new and
good inner tube
tear or cut and
cause .the owner
repair cannot be
all a mistake,. as
Winter and summer triaking'goocl,
a
' How much America owestii the gal,
lant Briton for - stand -big -between. it
and the Hun, says the Ohio 'State
Journal. . The British have been kill-
ed by the thousands fighting. for our
cause, as well as their own. The
l3riton ghee stared this republic from.a
'hlee-perih--Ta.reugh-theeamohe of
the conflict we tear' see athe-eBritiala
standing steadfast and dying for .the _ a _ ,..
Union Jeekandthe Stars 'and Sttipee. By this meal -as- the -ravel. above was
Hvneriteeeftite.srtoet?ortarte-euBnirteitaditby aane
eracy :will • be safe: bondof*aril' eel, 'and also other rielehhc4ting
friendship -that can neyet beabroken.
France. belongs,. too, and they will
constitute the triumvirate of civilize
ation that will make the earth a de-
cent 'place to live. . Let us once get
through :the tiresent ordeal and demo-
.: Threugh, dawn eattackaand- night
1
alarm,
• .
. .• ..Ocean Preesure.
n expert salver -explains that it is
ossible • to reclaim. the Lusitania.
lies under a pressure of '140 Ia. to
sqtiare inch: Every -pound of pees -
'represents nearly two: feet of
ereaone' atmeephere for every 33
• Therefore the Limitable lies
er thanjnortal man ,can go. We
cOnstantly being told ef new in
ions to enable men to sink loweie
the water, bitt, says the .London
3r Chronicle, there is no finer
in the world than the Admiralty
and 210 feet Is his limit. Were
Paul's needed to . the top of the
deseendingelivas could .eot °: ex-
plore the lowermost 60 feet.
The trenches in the sodden wood, . A
The outpost line in field and farm; imp
Though day by day the Germans she
drench ,' ' • ., the
Our lines with poison gas and shell, sure
Turning the torn and tattered trench, wat
Into a high -explosive hell. , feet
I
Still at full strength upon parade, de?
Special Reserve and *Section. D, ear',
They hold With bayonet, bornb and
• into
rooms by flues which extended along • .
the -floors-and Upward inside the
wills. The water for the •baths was '• •
wa.imed,in tanks by ,the 'F.eat from
the hypocaust and tvas siphoned -
from one' tank to anotherathe
feeent temperatures being rekulated
y e distance of the tank ',free' the:
hypckeanit Itlanyeofetheiritreeerepoin
?midi had water tanks at one end,.
the 'ancestors of the preeent water-
backs of our modern ranges.
'The First Chinaieys. •
During :the 'Middle' Ages tee pile -
cleat advance in heating •-was made
through the introductiori of chimneys
into .private dwellings, They , were
•flrst introduced - into France. in the
eighth century, but were rare and did •
not come into cornznon usrxntil sev-
eral hundred years later.. .'
" In Poland' daring the early part of
,the. Modem period house s were. heateti -
in winter by means. of a kiln built •
into the Toorn, but Which : was :fired ta
from the, . outside. In order to keep
warm' the " family. 'gent' not . Only
eeoundtthe sides of the Mine hut also „
ori top of it
The earliest fireplaces aad no grates
and the flue instead' of aetendihe up e.
into a clainhey merely termitiatea :
a narrow slit which was cutethiough, •
the wall not far, above the -.fireplace.
Thee& firetilaces w4re fer 'from being.:
things of einnfort • '
At the beginning of the $uaientearith
century inVF)StigittOrS lpegan to reali e
raL1,1•L4,40eit7olmp,
•
' spade. ID I
'Lands° where the Prussiaps meant al
to be; ulver
No more by 'smarter" dorpS despised, 'lean'
The Gua ds themselves tonna out-
' h' cross
The common, Old, unadvertised
Battalions of the English Line,
. • • . —J, C. Faunthorpe,
Lieut...:Col., First United Provinces
Horse, India. • att''
• *A section of the British Army.Re-
serve. .
• -
,-Belect from the root -cellar- atfavi.
good carrots, parentpe; turnips and
onions and plant there in tbalgarden
foe next year's seeds. The eeed
4
Tot- - • Sma7
ter
From new until t e ettte)tiarvest
watch your grocery lig • or there wilt
be no groceries to.list.
Canada consumes about tvisnty-five
times as much sugar as she produees..
Last year her tetalestigai -beet land.
'wag' about 15,000 'acres,•which tackled'
14,000 tons of sugar. *
oo nature, happmees, and laugh- that most of the heat wetter: ' un. the
hapeinese is a state of ' d, conserve it by building air passagee
there is nothing that contributee more on either side of the chimney. From
largely to the general wenateina of this • gradually developed the idea of
society thee a man with a hearty our present-day radiators; • •
sense of hurhor.—Marshall J. Origin of the•Box.Stove. •
In 1744 ,Benjamin Franklin invaded' "
Ohat he called the Pennsylvania, .fire-
place This consisted of a box-stov0..
set out in the room away from the
wall and connected with the. chimney -
' by a flue which carried -off the emake----eate
and gas. - The advantage of this idea "1
was that' but little heat was wasted
and was available from all sides of the
stove at once.. .
The fuel in those dais waS either
charcoal or whoci, thought coal had •
been bunted Chine and was ktiown
• though rarely used by the Saxons. An -
threat° coal was long eoesidered es
• mere atone and valueless. It was first
hbuunrndte.celasuyeecaersssfaulgloy, by Joseph Smith,
in 1812, just A little more. than a
, We lure° made *vaet strides in our
heating' faeilitiee during the lad eerie
tury, even during the last few deeildes.
• -re
toiled inilk makes good subStituta•
tor eremo eotte,
/ •
tom cor in Spain.
• 1 se would be obliged to go
without.
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