Huron Expositor, 2013-11-06, Page 9Wednesday, November 6,2013 • Huron Expositor 9
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Wilfred Brenton Kerr: 'Arms and the Maple Leaf'
)Seaforth man
witnessed intense
fighting
As a signaller in the Field Artillery dur-
ing the Great War, Seaforth's Wilfred
Brenton Kerr witnessed some of the
Canadian Corps' most intense fighting
from Vimy Ridge to the war's end. Kerr
recorded his wartime experiences in
'Shrieks and Crashes' (1929) and Arms
and the Maple Leaf' (1943) which have
been called 'Canadian classics' by mili-
tary historian Norm Christie.
Wilfred Brenton Kerr was born in
McKillop Township on May 12, 1896. He
was the second of James and Martha
Kerr's four children. Kerr graduated with
honours from Seaforth Collegiate in
1913. He spent two years at Toronto' s
Knox College before enlisting in the artil-
lery in 1916.
In January 1917, Kerr went to France
as a replacement signaller in the 1 lth
battery of the Canadian Field Artil-
lery. As a signaller, Kerr's duty was to
relay messages by field telephone from
the batter to the battery commander.
The Canadian assault on Vimy Ridge
in April 1917 was Kerr's first combat
experience. Huddled in a shell hole,
Kerr witnessed the Canadian attack on
the Ridge. He wrote that although every
soldier tries to steel himself for his first
time in battle but sight of the corpses
'lying in strange attitudes was a new and
sickening sight.' Yet, what caused him
the most the 'most distress' was the
wounded 'for whom nothing could be
done:
With so much shrapnel and steel fly-
ing through the air, death was a matter of
random bad luck. Kerr developed a
fatalistic attitude towards death believ-
ing that 'if your number's on the shell,
it'll get you, if it isn't, you're all right:
For Kerr, the futility of the Passchen-
daele battle in October/November 1917
was the low point of the Canadian Corps'
experience. Kerr wrote that 'a shadow
fell over us all; we did our work only half
halfheartedly and talked in lowered
tones: Kerr, who normally kept a careful
account of unit casualties gave up
recording them at Passchendaele
because they were too 'numerous for
one to remember names and dates cor-
rectly.' Indeed, of the 180 men from the
1 lth battery who entered the Passchen-
daele battlefield in October, about two
thirds were killed and wounded when
the battery was withdrawn a month
later.
Despite his own exemplary field serv-
ice, Kerr had little respect for most of his
officers and those who 'toadied' to them.
Typical of soldiers of any age, Kerr
resented the privileges and arrogance of
the officer class. He regarded the best
officers as 'directing colleagues, and not
our masters:
The blame for the squandered lives at
Passchendaele Kerr puts squarely on the
high command who 'sent us to appalling
sacrifice under conditions where capac-
ity and alertness could not possibly
count: Kerr called Passchendaele 'a vast
and useless sacrifice' brought on by 'the
abdication of brain power' by their
leaders.
Even Canada's own General Sir Arthur
Currie, who led the Canadian Corps
from 1917 does not escape Kerr's criti-
cism. Although he acknowledges Cur-
rie's skill as a technical commander, Kerr
said Currie 'was never a popular com-
mander' with his troops. He judged Cur-
rie as an aloof and egotistical leader who
could not get along with subordinates.
On the other hand, Kerr was probably
a difficult subordinate. By his own
admission, he fought two wars, 'one
against the Germans and another against
the Sergeant -Majors and officers, and
that the second was much more severe:
Yet, throughout Kerr's writing's is a
budding sense of Canadian national-
ism. The Canadians still took pride in
fighting for 'King and Country as part of
'a mighty Empire at war' but, like the
Australians whom he admired, Canadi-
ans formed a distinct and `the most effi-
cient' corps within the British army.
More than Vimy Ridge, Kerr believed
that the Hundred Days campaign from
August 8 to November 11, 1918 was the
triumph Canada's arms in the Great
War. In the summer of 1918, the Cana-
dian Corps was a tough, confident bat-
tle hardened unit operating at peak effi-
ciency. As they prepared for the last
great offensive of the war, Kerr recalled
that the Canadian Corps was 'proud of
its record, confident in itself, stirred
profoundly by a tide of national senti-
ment, and an Esprit de Corps wrought
to a high pitch:
In the final days before the offensive, Kerr wrote
that the 'Sons of Canada' readied themselves for the
attack with a 'renewed inspiration before the altar
of a new patriotism! As 'the tide of national senti-
ment rose like a flood. Men felt a strong devotion to
Canada and the Corps.' The front ranks believed
that whatever challenges lay before them 'the Corps
can take care of it:
The last British offensive known as the Hundred
Days began on August 8, 1918. The attack was spear-
headed by the Canadians and Australians whom
the Germans considered the 'storm troops of the
Empire: On the first day, the German defences were
cracked wide open. Field Marshall Erich von
Huron History
Davi
d Yates
Ludendorf later called August 8th the
'Black Day of the German Army.'
Throughout the Hundred Days, the
Canadians were given the toughest
objectives and miraculously achieved
them.
On November 11 when news of the
Armistice reached the Canadians
raised only 'a feeble cheer: because
no one could believe that the war's
dangers and hardships had ended.
Kerr was honourably discharged in
1919. He attended Oxford University
on a veterans' grant and had a distin-
guished career as a history professor
at the University of Buffalo.
Kerr died on January 12, 1950 in Kenmore, New
York. In his obituary in the 'Journal of American
History,' it was said that Kerr 'was a rare combina-
tion of the stimulating teacher and scholar. His
'classes were popular' and 'his students enjoyed his
pungent and witty presentations.'
His funeral was held in the Seaforth Presbyterian
Church under the auspices of the local Orange
Lodge and buried in the Maitland Bank Ceme-
tery. Perhaps his greatest contribution was as the
voice of a generation of Canadians who 'knew the
limits of human endurance' and 'on behalf of their
country and the world in a time of great need bore
arms under the Maple Leaf
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