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The Huron Expositor, 1960-12-15, Page 1i t, 101st Year 4 Whole No. 4844 SEAFORTH, ONTARIO, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 15, 1960 — 12 PAGES 53,50 a Ycarlin it Va0ce Single opiee* ii Kent$ °ulna Sees More Delay In Seaforth Sewer Start Further delay, extending into the New Year, for the commencement of the Seaforth sewer program, was seen as a result of informa- tion given council Monday night by committee chairman J. 0. Turnbull. Already six weeks past' the date when the OWRC said tenders would be called, Dr. Turnbull said en- gineers had told him specifications would not be ready for several weeks. Action by OWRC must follow, and it was suggested the earliest possible date for a tender call would be late January. At the urging of OWRC, council some weeks ago asked that the project be considered as being eligible for assistance under the winter work program. In the light of the latest developments, coun- cillors queried whether OWRC would have the project under way irr sufficient time to participate _in the winter program. Dr. Turnbull said work of check- ing out existing drains and water mains had been completed by the engineers working with PUC man- ager R. J. Boussey and town fore- man Harold Baloney. A new re- quirement by OWRC, he said, was the provision of a standby power generator to serve ,a pump to be installed at the corner of West William and James Streets. The generator would be housed in a small building 9 x 10 feet, to be constructed on the street allow- ance on West William Street, mid- way between Goderich and Centre Streets. Previous suggestions of the engineers to site the building at the corner had been resisted because it would have been detri- mental to neighboring properties. Council instructed the sewer and street committee to confer with the Department of Highways con- cerning action to be taken on, Goderich Street following -installa- tion of the sewer line. Dr. Turn- bull expressed concern that no consideration had been given re- building the highway .connecting link. Referring to other streets that would carry sewer lines, Dr. Turn- bull suggested necessary excava- tion to provide for properly built. streets be carried out before sewer excavating was done. He thought this would be less costly. Material removed could be used to build up potential building lots. The prob- lem arising from such an ap- proach would be the 'difficulty of working on soft ground. The com- mittee is to consult the engineers to ensure that sewer and road work is properly co-ordinated, Council agreed a sewer frontage rate charged the Estate of M. A. Reid should be rebated. It had been expected sewer service could be provided the Reid building on Main Street North, but now it was found an easement could not be obtained. Winter Wonderland Objections raised concerning, snow from streets 'being dumped in Victoria Park, led Mayor Daly to suggest that another- year con- sideration might be given to de- veloping the park as a Fairyland Christmas feature. He and Coun- cillor Paul Brady referred to the success of a similar arrangement in London. Council was told that in London - the project was undertaken by the Public Utility Commission as a contribution to the Christmas pro- gram .in that city. Council will give further consid- eration to the sale of two lots at the corner of Brantford and Mill Streets. The lots had been adver- tised for sale in July, but without response, but at the meeting coun- cil learned two offers had been received—one from Ray Squires some days ago; the second froth Ed. Boyce, the day of the meeting, Any sale would be subject to an assurance that a residence would be erected within a stated period. A request from the SDHS for additional street lights on Chalk Street. North was referred to the PUC for recommendations. The assessor, W. E. Southgate, will be asked to determine the ex- tent to which municipal rates will apply on three offices the Depart- ment of Public Works proposes to offer for rent in the Post Office building, No action was taken on a re- quest for a peddler's license to handle fresh fruits and vegetables, received from D. Reker, Egmond ville. Proclaim Boxing Day A request from the, Chamber of Commerce, asking council to pro- claim Tuesday, December 27, as Boxing Day, was concurred in and Mayor Daly was instructed to is- sue a proclamation. The C of C said a poll of merchants indicated the action was desired by a ma- jority. Reporting for the street com- mittee, Councillor Thorpe Rivers said 371 yards of stone had been stockpiled. Ways of plowing side- walks on main traffic arteries were discussed. Some thought was being given to using an existing V -type plow with the recently pur- chased tractor. On the other hand, a. snowblower did a better job. All agreed Goderich Street pre- sented the worst problem. DHO plows pushed snow onto the side, walks to d depth of several -feet. Reeve Ball reminded, council- the bepartment wOuld pay 50 per 'ee'nt of the cost of removal, and per- haps this would be the cheapest in the long run. Tribute To Councillor Brady meeting was Ball Brady, He he serve, might Recalling that the the last in the year, Reeve paid tribute to Councillor who would not act expressed council's had decided to no but hoped in the future find it possible to return. Mayor Daly echoed the ments, and said when ed to act as Mayor in he had found Dr. Brady great source of help lems. next year. regret that longer he senti- he-was call - mid -term, to be a on many prob- WINNER of the 1960 Huron County Council Scholarship for' degree students at the On- tario Agricultural College was L. M. Murray, RR 5, Seaforth. He is a son of Mr. and Mrs. Michael B. Murray, of Mc- Killop, and is a graduate° of SDHS. Seek Assistance With .Early Copy The Huron Expositor for next week will appear on the regular day, that is Thursday, December 22. In' addition to carrying many Christmas gift suggestions for last- minute shoppers, the issue will al- so contain usual Christmas greet- ings. On the 'fbllowing week because Boxing Day falls on Tuesday, pub- lication will be delayed one day. The paper that week will be avail- able by mail and from various area outlets on Friday morning, December 30. The issue will con- tain, in addition to New Year greetings, a complete review of Christmas activities in - the dis- trict. • To ensure that a complete story of the Christmas scene in the area covered by.The Expositor is carried, the co-operation of our readers is invited. Please advise us details of your Christmas en- tertainments, your Christmas visi- tors and your Christmas travels as early as possible. Threat .Of Rabies Continues In Area, Official- Warns Rabies by no means are elimin- ated in the area, Dr. J. C. Mac- Lennan, Health of.Aniinal Branch, said this week. Over the weekend a skunk was located north of Clin- ton, and later confirmed as being rabid, he said. Previous case was a cat in the Kippen area. This was confirmed three weeks ago, Dr. MacLennan said, as he urged the public to continue to use caut-ion in dealing with animals, particularly wild life. The family had finished dining in the restaurant and the father requested the waiter to Put their beef steak leavings in •a bag to take home to their dog. Tlis small boy shrilled excitedly, "Oh, daddy, are we going to get a dog?" Area Fire Loss Down From '59 Much of the credit for the ex- cellent fire record established in Seaforth in 1960 should go to Chief J. F. Scott, council indicated as it considered a report setting out activities of the fire brigade. Expressing confidence in Chief Scott and in the job he was doing, Reeve Ball said that the fact there had been no bad fires could be attributed to a great degree to the program of education and instruc- tion which Chief Scott carried out in the town and area throughout the year. Mayor Edmund -Daly referred to the hours—without remuneration— during which Chief Scott visited area schools and discussed fire prevention. This public relations program has paidoff in that peo- ple are fire conscious. Chief Scott referred to the fine job members of the brigade were doing. They are working , well to- gether, he said. Referring ,to the preventative program he had sponsored, he said• he found a questionaire to be of great help. The children take them home and go over them with their parents. Lots bf them come in and ask me questl'ons about what they should do, he told council. There had been seven local calls during the year, but one of which was of any consequence requiring water. Fifteen rural calls includ- ed only one barn, a big improve- ment over 1959 when there had been six barn fires and three house fires. Equipment was in good shape. During the year 40 inspections had been carried out. Chief Scott said three new men would be added in 19615 bringing the brigade strength to 16. Coun cil approved „payment of the. ibri- gade's ' annual grant of $1,000.00t- Taxes 1,000:00;Taxes Due December 15 A move to advance the final date for payment of taxes to December 19 was defeated on a voice vote, with Councillors Brady and Riv- ers favoring the new date. There had been no reminder to the pub- lic of the due date, as had been intended, Dr. Brady said, and for this reason he felt it only fair to grant a few days extension to permit notice to- be given. Council agreed to the use of the alcove on the second floor of the Town Hall as a euchre Club. Coun- cillor Cardno said he had been approached by a group of elder citizens who were finding difficul- ty locating accommodation for af- ternoon meetings. Mayor Daly said it had always been the policy to provide accom- modation to local groups, provid- ing they were responsible and did not provide a maintenance prob- lem. Reporting for the property com- mittee, Councillor Neil Bell said the dump had been covered. Some action was needed concerning the ceiling in the police office and cer- tain radiators in the Hall. He told council the committee had purchased a tractor for $1500. He said it was a good buy, being in• excellent shape. A suggestion that a digging at- tachment be purchased in the fu- ture was suggested by Mayor Daly. There were many require- ments to big drains and ditches. The PUC also was interested, he said. Councillor Turnbull suggested the PUC might buy the shovel at- tachment and a joint use agree- ment be worked out for the shovel and tractor. One family went off relief, but another came on, Reeve Ball, re- lief committee chairman, said. Answering a query as to what problems the committee anticipat- ed, Reeve Ball said all signs point- ed to an increased demand for as- sistance in many centres. So far, Seaforth had been lucky. No immediate work was expect- ed on the North Road'by the coun- ty, he said, in answer to another query. The county is faced with maintaining too great -a mileage, and the province isn't interested in assuming additional responsibil- TIME IS - RUNNING SHORT; COLORING CONTEST ENDS FRIDAY Time is running out, kids. The final day for submitting entries in The Expositor's coloring contest is Friday, Dec. 16. If you are nine years of age or under, you are eligible to enter and compete for two wonderful prizes—a great big beautiful doll for the best colored drawing sub- mitted by a girl, and a regulation size Rifleman flip rifle to the boy who does the best coloring job. All that is required is to color one of the contest pictures and leave it at or mail it to this office on or before December 16, Contest- ants may color and submit as many pictures as they wish. The pictures appeared in the last two issues of The Expositor, and a number also can be found in this issue. The prize doll is 20 inches tall. Made of vinyl, the doll kneels, sits, and can cross her legs and lie naturally. The rifle, which some lucky boy will Win before Christmas, is a Flip special, 22 inches long. It is the same style as seen on the Rifle- man. It shoots standard roll caps as fast as you can pump it. Get out your coloring materials, boys and girls, and send in your entries—as many as you like. Winners will be announced in next week's issue, ities. It had been hoped to have the road taken over as a develop- ment road, but the province is out of funds. Councillor Cardno agreed and said 'it was no secret the Ontario Department didn't have the money. Review Traffic Problems A review of traffic problems will be carried out by Chief of Police E. Hutchinson, Councillor Cardno told council. He said the Chief had been asked by the police com- mittee to survey parking and traf- fic generally and to make recom- mendations. It was suggested en- forcement of two-hour parking would reduce necessity for double parking. Means of improving the opera- tion of the force had' been dis- cussed by the committee and the Chief, Mayor Daly said. Several changes were suggested as being helpful and will be discussed fur- ther, In the meantime, council requested that greater detail con- cerning special trips be provided, WINNERS of the Huron County Council Scholarship for students at -the Ontario Agricul- tural College for 1960, are seen receiving the congratulations of H. W. Pettipiere, right, Col- lege Registrar. They are, left to right, Robert C. Higgins, Brussels; Glen Coultes, Brussels; James Coultes. Wingham, and John Broadfoot, Brucefield. The boys are all students in the final year of the Associate Course. Seaforth Homes Compete In Yule Decoration Test With only ten days remaining until Christmas; additional Sea - forth residences each day are be- ing garbed with special lights and decorations, ready for the Cham- ber of Commerce Christmas decor- ation contest. Judging to determine the prize winners will take place Seaforth Legion. Names Officers Members of Seaforth Branch 156 Canadian Legion elected Allan Nicholson president Thursday eve- ning. He will succeed Archie Dob- son following installation ceremon- ies in January. The incoming president, a Navy veteran, has been active in the Weirs of the Seaforth branch for some years. The meeting discussed plans for Christmas activities. The annual Christmas dance is being held Mon- day evening, December 26. The election of officers, conduct- ed by President Archie Dobson, resulted as follows: Immediate past president, Archie Dobson; president, Allan Nicholson; first vice-president, .lair Haney; sec- ond vice-president, Cleave Coombs; treasurer, Ron MacDonald; secre- tary, Lloyd Rowat; sports officer, Jack Eisler; membership, Ken Betties; entertainment, George C. Hays; sergeant -at -arms, William Live Hydro Wires Threaten Family After Crash When .his car was in collision with a hydro pole. Walter Diegel, 35, RR 4, Mitchegll, live electric wires fell'"on the dar, trapping Mr., Diegel, his wife and three chil- dren. Mr. Diegel made his way through the tangled mass of live wires and found his 14-month=old daughter, Cynthia, pinned beneath the pole. She had been thrown out of her mother's arms and through the windshield. The baby and her older brother' Dennis are in Scott Memorial Kos-, pital, Seaforth. The baby is in an oxygen tent. The hospital said Wednesday both were satisfactory. Mrs. Diegel was taken by Box ambulance to hospital at London for a special bone operation. Her face crashed through the wind- shield of the car. The crash happened on Highway 8, near Mitchell, Monday, and po- lice believe Mr. Diegel's car skid- ded on an icy path before leaving the road. Team Withdraws, Juniors Blame Lack Of Interest Seaforth Highlanders, Junior 'C'S semi-finalists at the end of the 1959-60 season, folded last week- end. League convener Donald Har- mer announced Saturday the team called it quits because of the lack of player material and also be- cause of financial difficulties. The team climbed 'almost to the top last year, but this year the story was different. The Highland- ers have a record of five losses in five games played so far this sea- son. There are now five teams re- maining in the Junior "C" group: Stratford, Woodstock, Elmira, Hes- peler and Preston. Each of these five teams will be credited with a win every time it is scheduled to play Seaforth. It happened in a teen-age rock 'n' roll point. The waiter dropped a tray of dishes and six couples got up to dance. Wilbee; welfare officer, J. C. Cornish; special events, Charlie Wood; property committee, R. S. Box; public relations, Jack • Hol- land; sick, and visiting, Glenn Smith; house committee, Leslie Beattie; chaplains, Rev. D. Leslie Elder and Rev. C. E. Sullivan. ALLAN NICHOLSON., who was elected President of Branch 156, Canadian Legion. New Son, $100 Are Double Blessings It may be the luck of the Irish, or perhaps it was just coincidence. In any event, blessings don't come singly when Mickey McGrath is concerned, - His wife presented him with a fine baby boy, and a short time later he learned that on the same day he had won $100 in a Christ- mas ,draw sponsored by- the Strat- ford Knights of Columbus. • next week, according to C. of C president, ,James A. Stewart. Sponsored by the Chamber of Commerce, the contest is open to any resident in Seaforth. No entry form is required in order to be- come eligible to win a prize. Rea- son for dispensing with an entry form, which formerly was a re- quirement, according to officials, is to encourage citizens who i,litave been reluctant to make a formal entry. This year all residences will be judged. Prizes amount to $35.00, divided into three ways: ;first, $15; second, $10; and third, $10. Already decorations are in place on many homes, but officials are hopeful that next week many addi- tional homes Will be readied for the competition. Last phase in the Main Street decorations program will be com= Lions Are Told Desire To Serve Is Test Of Member The basic ingredient of a good Lion is a willingness to be a good citizen, James Harris, Harriston, told members of the Seaforth Lions Club Monday evening. A Lions Club is democracy in prac- tise, and the rewards which mem- bers receive is in the betterment of their community and in direct relation to their contribution. A past president of the Harris - ton Lions Club and administrator of. Norval District High School, Mr. Harris was introduced by Garth Holtom. Appreciation was expressed by W. C. Moore. The meeting was in charge of Mr. Holtom and W. M. Hart. Progress of the Memorial wad- ing pool fund was reported by Mr. Hart. A second letter had gone out, he said, and it was hoped that the fund would be oversub- scribed early in the new year, so that construction of the wading pool could be proceeded early In the spring. The meeting welcomed. Norman Hachborn as a new member. In- troduced by L. F. Ford, he was initiated in a short ceremony conducted by H. G. Meir. pleted this week with the erection of an attractive Nativity scene in front of the Post Office. Meanwhile, plans are being com- pleted for a visit to Huron County Home on Sunday, when 105 indi- vidual gifts will be presented to the residents. A special program is being prepared by members of the Lions Club. • Expositor To Carry Concert Stories This is the season of the year when area schools and church groups present annual Christmas concerts. a As usual, complete reports of these affairs are carried in The Expositor. To ensure that . each story is correct and in sufficient detail, those responsible for such concerts are asked to co-operate and forward a copy of the pro - g -ram to this office as soon as the concert is over. In this way it is possible to carry the story in the earliest issue, and to know that it is correct as to detail. Beavers Continue Winning Streak Gift of Books Marks lOp Years Of Richardson's Seaforth Public Library will re- ceive a set of eight children's books as a result of action 'by the Richardson Century Fund. The Richardson Century Fund, was established by James Rich- ardson & Sons, Limited, in - 1957, - to mark the 100th anniversary of the founding of the firm. Top- notch Feeds Limited, of Seaforth, is -a wholly5owned subsidiary .of the Richardson firm. In 1857, ten years before Confed- eration, James Richardson opened a small grain business in icing- , ston, Ont. The firm he began, which has been owned and direct- ed continuously by members of the Richardson family, is now ac- tive in every phase of the grain' trade, operating country and term- inal elevators, feed plants and of fices that export Canadian grain to all grain importing countries. The Century Fund provides books from time to time to a large num- ber of selected university and pub- lic libraries throughout Canada. In• advising the Library Board of the gift, the trustees of the fund said the set would include the fol- lowing: "The Great Adventurer" by Donalda J. Dickie; "Paddle -to - the Sea," Holling Clancy Riling; "Two Little Savages,," Frnest Thompson Seton; "Reign By. Reign," Stephen Usherwodd; "Ian of Red River," R. GuttornlsSon "The Farthest Shores," Roderick Haig -Brown; "The Link Between the Oceans," Leslie H. Neatby ; "The Dangerous Curve," J. F. Hayes. ' - Miss Mabel E. Turnbull, chair- man of ' the Library Board, in acknowledging the gift, said the books would be a valuable addi- tion to the library shelves. She expressed appreciation to Top- notch Feeds 'Limited for the gift. Monday night proved to be an- other win for the Beavers as they downed Winthrop in a good hard - checking game, with a score of 9 to 3. Scoins took the hat trick for Seaforth and followed with T. Dick two, and singles going to Broome, Whitelaw, Doig and Dale. Goals for Winthrop were scored by D. McClure, R. McClure and B. Dennis. Fifteen penalties were handed out by Referee George Hildebrand and Charlie Geddes. The draw for a turkey was won by Reg Kerslake. A draw Mon- day night, Dec. 19, will take place for nine turkeys, when Seaforth Beavers play host to Atwood. dame time is 8:30 p.m. Seaforth Beavers opened (heir sea on ,schedule by swamping St. Columban 25 to 4 recently. Broome led the Beavers with six goals. Other scorers were Bob Whitelaw 5, Dale and Beuttenmiller with 4 each, . John McCue with •2, and single markers going to Dinsmore, Pinder, Broadfoot and Watson. Separate Schools From Region Meet. Teachers of 11 regional separate schools heard Rev. J. P. Finn, di- rector of education, London dio- cese, deal with "the positive ap- proach" in the teaching of the Ten Commandments. Father Finn spoke at the ses- sion which was held Saturday at St. James' Separate School in ,Sea - forth. The meeting was chaired by Whitney Humphrey, London, president,of the OECTA, District 11. Father Finn dealt chiefly with the background of teachers, and also with a positive approach in the presentation of the Ten Com- mandments. A brief outline cov- ering each of the commandments was presented by the speaker. In addition to his talk, Father Finn conducted two demonstration les- sons' with pupils of grades seven and eight, on "aspects of the sixth. and ninth commandments." Rev. C. E. Sullivan, of St. James' Church, welcomed the Hur- on County teachers to the session. Teachers registering were Mother M. Evangeline, Mrs, Margaret Rowland, Mother M. Yvonne, Sis- ter Mary Charles, Mary Shea, Mrs. Mary E. Murray, Miss Doro-, thy Dillon and Mrs. Mary McIver. St, James' CWL served lunch, "And upon what income do you plan to support my daughter?". "Five thousand a year," replied the suitor, "I see," said the • father. "So with the five thousand allowance she gets from me yearly—" "I've already counted that." One Time Area CO Streamlines dens (Ken Patrick. the subject of a story headed, "Egg -Man Extraord- inary." is the former Command- ing Officer of RCAF Station Clin- ton. Well known in the area. W/C Patrick was in charge of the School during the war years.) (By Ken. Johnstone, in the Toronto Star Weekly) According to Ken Patrick, the answer to the old conundrum about the chicken and the egg is that the chicken comes first and then the egg. At least that's the way it worked out for him when he de- cided to realize the dream of many a city slicker by retiring to the country and raising chickens. He started with broilers, and then, to cover his losses in what had sud- denly become a very expensive hobby, he applied his business skill. electronics know-how and consid- erable financial resources to the poultry business Now he can claim the most advanced and automated plant of its kind on the continent. with eggs rolling in a constant stream along a conveyor belt to fill a 100.000 -egg -a -day contract which he has signed with one of the big chain stores. Ken Patrick is so sold on his modern factory technique of egg production that he is prepared to back any other serious egg pro- ducer in the country who wants to apply the same technique. He has issued a standing invitation: Come and see the plant near Bed- ford, Que. I£ you want one like it Ken Patrick will help you build it. You can pay him back out of the profits, It's an &citing pro- position, but before you take him up. you had better hear the rest of the story. The place itself. Cedarcrest farm, is awe-inspiring. His latest plant—' he has a series of them—accom- modates 12.000 birds. It is 48 feet wide and 380 fret long single -stor- ied and completely windowless, well -insulated and of solid welded - steel construction, Light. air. hum- idity. feeding. watering. even medi- cation are all automatically con- trolled; the birds never know whe- ther the sun is shining or what time of the day it is. wether the flowers are blooming or if there's a foot of snow outside, It's a built- in Florida atmosphere. complete with Muzak. and it never changes —not even the programs. Each of these buildings costs Patrick $65.000 before he even gets a chicken in them. and 12.000 lay- ing hens represent another 320.000 investment. His own home. which started off as a seven -roomed field- stone farmhouse has been doubled in size by Patrick and. completely renovated. yet even with the swim- ming pool included. it didn't cost him as much as one of his ultra- modern hen -houses. Inside the building the laying hens are confined in two long pens that run almost the entire length of the building. The floor is slat- ted so that the droppings pass be- low where a pen -wide plow per- iodically scrapes them into a ,trough 'from which an endless chain of buckets carries the drop- pings right outside the building for processing by Patrick's fertilizer company. The usual ammonia smell of a typical large-scale.chick- en house is completely absent. for the droppings are removed before they decompose. A corridor runs down the centre of the building, separating the two long pens. and into this corridor from each pen thrust three build- ing -long tiers of "roll -away" nests. 2.400 of them in all. The poor frus- trated hen never gets to see her r,wn egg; as soon as one is' laid it rolls gently through a trap into the corridor and on to a constant- ly moving conveyor belt that car- ries it into a room at the end of the house where it is cooled to 45 degrees. washed, candled. graded and packed ready for shipment within the hour. Patrick's own "Egg Express" refrigerator truck rushes these eggs to a Steinberg depot in Montreal. from where they are distributed to individual stores to be on sale within 12 hours of the time the egg was laid —an incredible feat in planning and organization. Some 36e00 eggs daily are cur- rently pouring from this complex of buildings. which contain about 50000 chickens, ranging from day- old chicks to laying hens. By this time next year. with four more such plants in operation, Patrick expects to reach his 100,000 -egg daily goal, all of which are destin- ed for the counters of Steinberg's Limited, from wham Patrick ob- tains a premium of three tp five cents over the market. By that time he will also start making a little money on an, in- vestment which will then reach $600,000s 'feed bin illthof $l 175,000 a year will soar to over half a million yearly, but his wage bill of $38,000 a year will actually go down, as two men with • highly mechanized equipment will be handling the work of six women just washing and packing the eggs. Right now Ken Patrick is still waiting to show his first sizeable profit on an enterprise which he started almost casually five years ago. When I asked him last year how much his eggs were costing him. he replied cheerfully: `About $2,50 each at this moment. Ask me that question next year." But this year his program of capital expansion takes care of any theor- etical profit. Patrick is not perturbed by this. "A perfectly normal situation when you are starting up any kind of a factory enterprise." he explained. "I expect that my eventual capital investment will work out to about $50.000 per employee, which is av- erage in industry, and I should get an average return on that in- vestment, but no more." Over the last five years, too, he has also learned a few lessons about farm help. He had naively thought that a couple from Europe would be ideal, and the first cou- ple were Dap, 'Then for Seveisl years the place resembled a mini- ature United Nations as .various nationalities passed through Ced- arcrest farm on their way from Europe to other jobs in Canada. He tried Germans, Yugoslays, Ir- ish, English, Swiss and even French-Canadian city slickers be- fore he solved this problem, l'ke (Continued "OR Page 13)