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HomeMy WebLinkAboutClinton News Record, 2015-09-16, Page 19Wednesday, September 16, 2015 • News Record 19
Sir John Cunningham McLennan: The acknowledged leader of science in Canada
Sir John Cun-
n\/Then
inghamm McLen-
nan died on October 9,1925,
Lord Ernest Rutherford, the
"father of nuclear physics"
wrote in The limes of London
that "an epic story" could be
told of McLennan's rise obscu-
rity to the peak of worldly fame
and acclaim. Indeed, McLen-
nan's rise to fame is a remarka-
ble success story.
John Cunningham McLen-
nan was bom in Ingersoll,
Ontario on April 14,1867. He
was the second of seven chil-
dren bom to Scottish immi-
grants David and Barbara
McLennan. In 1870, David
moved his family to Exeter
where he owned and operated
a grist mill. The family moved
to Blyth about 1876when
David became a grain dealer
managing his business out of
Hensall on the London, Huron
and Bruce Railway.
John McLennan began his
schooling in Blyth under the
tutelage of Robert Henderson,
who was described as "an
excellent teacher'.'
The McLennans moved to
Clinton in 1880 so that John
and an older sister could attend
Clinton Collegiate. H. H. Lang-
ton in Sir John Cunningham
McLennan: AMemoir said that
the Clinton Collegiate "had a
well -served reputation, and the
candidates which it sent up
yearly for the Junior Matricula-
tion Examination at the Uni-
versity of Toronto usuallytooka
high place in the class lists:'
Even after the McLennan's
moved to Stratford in Decem-
ber 1882, John stayed in Clin-
ton until June 1883 to receive
his Junior Matriculation (grade
12).
His father, David, continued
to run his grain dealership from
Hensall but a collapse in grain
prices spelled financial hard-
ship for the family. John
McLennan's hopes of attend-
ing university were dashed. For
the next five years John McLen-
nan taught in one room school
houses in Perth County to save
money enough money to
attend university.
McLennan graduated from
University of Toronto with first
class honours in physics in
1892. He became an assistant
demonstrator in physics at
Toronto's badly under
equipped laboratory. Yet, his
brilliance stood out and, in
1896, his studies in electro-
magnetism brought him to
great universities of Great Brit-
ain, France and Germany. In
1898-99, he worked with Ernest
Rutherford at the Cambridge
University's Cavendish
Huron History
Dave Yates
Laboratory.
In 1900, McLennan earned
the University of Toronto's first
doctorate in physics. In 1903,
McLennan's was elected a Fel-
low of the Royal Society of Can-
ada for his studies in radioac-
tivity. One biographer, Robert
Craig Brown, saidthatMcLen-
nanwas never "shy about his
achievements" and as his fame
spread he pressed the univer-
sityfor a modem research lab-
oratory. Known as the McLen-
nan Laboratory, McLennan
was appointed the head of the
new physics lab when it
opened in 1906. In 1910, the
Carnegie Foundation praised
only two university physics
labs, Columbia's and Toronto's
as of a "superior character"
In 1910, McLennan married
Elsie Ramsay, the daughter of a
wealthy Scottish Toronto mer-
chant family. In 1914, McLen-
nan was offered a "very attrac-
tive" and "flattering" offer to
chair the physics department at
Birmingham University in Eng-
land. The University of Toronto
called his potential loss a
"catastrophe" and prepared to
match the offer but war inter-
vened and McLennan's ener-
gies were diverted elsewhere.
When the Great War broke
out, the McLennans were in
Scotland visiting his wife's fam-
ily estate. Too old for military
service, McLennanwhole-
heartedly devoted his scientific
skills to the war effort In 1915,
he was appointed a director of
Britain's Board of Inventions
and Research. In 1917, he
became a leading physicist in
anti-submarine research for
the admiralty According to
Lord Rutherford, McLennan's
warworkwas "dear -sighted,
swift in decision, and energetic
in action" "Surrounded by a
group of young Canadians'
McLennan's 'work of outstand-
ing importance was done in
combating the submarine
menace'
The importance of his work
was recognized when he
became a Fellow of the Royal
Society in England in
1915. King George V awarded
him the Order of the British
Empire in 1917 for his scientific
contributions in the Empire's
defence.
After the war, McLennan
was offered the physics chair of
several leading British universi-
ties. However, in January 1919,
Prime Minister Sir Robert Bor-
den told McLennan "we can't
do without you in Canada" and
he resumed his duties with a
greatly enhanced salary at the
University of Toronto.
Back in Canada, McLennan
turned his attention to indus-
trial scientific research. He
advocated the formation of a
central institution consisting of
govemment, business and sci-
entific leaders to fund and
direct research. The idea
passed the House of Commons
in 1928 and is now known as
the National Research Council
of Canada
His biographer, H.H. Lang-
ton, calls the period from 1920
to 1932, the most productive in
McLennan's life. He published
dozens of papers co-authored
with graduate research stu-
dents (some former students
claim that he took more credit
than he deserved). Honours
and awards continued to flow
his way. Several universities
conferred honorary doctorates
on him. He was awarded the
Flavelle Medal (1926) for his
studies in radiation; he was
president of the Royal Society
of Canada (1925-26); and in
1927, he was the Royal Society's
Gold medal winner
In 1930, the University of
Toronto appointed McLennan
the dean of graduate studies.
L 1 1 1 1 _
Under his direction and unu-
sual for the era, McLennan
encouraged female students to
pursue graduate studies in sci-
ence. However it was a
position that he did not relish
because it placed him in the
realm of university politics and
away from the research lab.
CONTINUED > PAGE 20
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