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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Wingham Advance, 1904-11-10, Page 3HOW CITIES ARE 60VERNED. Glasgow's experience with telephonce ohould be of interest to thoee eitizene of this eenutry who nee the imittue nterit. Ae uenal, the eltroteh metropolia 'Wart the first city M the -kingdoin chal. lenge the ettpremaey of the telephone trust, 0101 in Great BrItain goes by the name of the National Telephone Company. The /light for a municipel feanchise was a. eomplicatell and inteeesting one, In 1911 thee Imperial government, through as Post Office Department, pro- posee to take over the control of the teleplione system of the United King- dom. At that time the National Tele phone 'will be compelled to surrender ite PrePerty at its actual 'Market value, without a penny atitlitiOnal tor good will or frenchise. The private eorapany, 'therefore, opposes all competition from municipalitiee. The latter expect to ar- rive et some agreemene with. the general Government hy which they will be left in partial control of their plants and to Otero ies profite. 130 this as it may, the last paivately owned telephone will disappear in About seven years from this ditto. It is more' than ten yeers ago since Glasgow proclaimed revele against the high charges and bad seeviee el the Pri' vate telephone company. A committee of the City Council raported in favor of establishing. a mumemal plant, and it wae aeterunned to apply to the Post- iiiaster.General for a permit. This pros cipitated a fight widish lasted for seven ,yeare. Various ceinmithees from the House of Commons heerd testimony. The Post Office Department tefused to grant the license, The Imperial Goverinnent was thus allied with the telephotie trust against Cllasgow. In this crisis the var- ious cities of Great Brittle made coin. mon cause with Glasgow and backed her in the fight foe a franchise. Without going into detailseit may be stated thee the allied cities won, and•on March 1; 1000, Glasgow obtained the first license ever granted to a city for the purpose of constructing and. operating- a tele: phone system. The telephone committee, has as its Chairman leaitie John Alexander, a wealthy carriage menufacturer of Glas- gow. I had. a delightful interview with this gentleman, He is a firm believer in the theory that the municipality or the nation Shalt take over the control of all inclustties 'or institutions susceptible of moncepcilistie control by private capital. It seemed strange to hear such radical- ism from the lips of one who has acquir- ed. an enormous fortune, but John Alexe ander is of a common type in Glaegow, and for thee matter in Great Britain. Having won the right to install a municipal telephone . plant the Glas- gow authorities set about the select - tion of a capable manager. After some careful consideration the position Was offered to .Alfred R. Beneett. Years before Mr. Bennett had a,ttained fame and standing as an electrical engineer and inventor. He made hie. ateat in In- dia. in 1869; when he won the cherished "special mention certificate" from the Indian Government for proficiency in aubrnarine cable and land line testing. On his return fa England he was made manager of the Higliton Batteries Com- pany, and for a quarter of 'a century has been at the fore in matters elec. trictie. Ifis inventions and experiments cover the whole range of the art, He pieced the, first telephone wires in Great Britain, awe, was the pioneer in the lighting of mines by electriety. In addition to inventive and engineering talents, Mr. Bennett. poesetees Marked. Eterary ability. He is the author of several books, and for several years was the editor of a successful teelmicid inagazine. Men of this, type All the great administrative offices of Great Britain, and it is their tireless and 'in- telligent supervision that does so much to insure the saccess or the enterprises financed by putlic capital. The work of construceion- was begun in July, 1900, and. up to the present time Glasgow las expended $1,350,006 on its telephone plant. While, the city contains only twelve square miles of territory, the teleplusee wires reach "out over nearly ten Uinta that large a, district. - Under the. Old telephone company no effort was Made to reach the• suburban area. The private eonmeny eatered- only „to the congested distnct, aud _im- agined that they would• lose money if they itnproved the service, extended the, scime or lowered the rates. Under thir matiagemmit the average . annual cost of a telephone was $00 or more. It took front one •ta •teh minutes :to make a connection. London' is in the ame plight to -day that Glasgow found itself in four years ago. The private telephone syetems of Great Britain aec inefficient almost beyond belief. The Glasgow tele:phone service is the best I have ever inspected. Mr. Ben- nett informed me that their statistics showed that the average tinie required to make a, connection was less than fif. teen seconds. I made a, teed ein My own. account and called up ten subscribers, Of the nine who responded, the—aver. age time from 'unhooking the' receiver toe answere' from those addressed was fourteen seconds. It should be exs plained that the telephone boOth is practiettily unknown in 'the office of a Glasgow efeneiness einem The• mint is on the.edere of hie desk Mid ihe receiver and transinitier are in one. picee. This aluminum device is con. netted' With a wire cord, and the etts— tomer may converse. leaning back in his chair or tvalking abeut the room, at he prefers. It' is a: most decided improvement, over the eltimsy and an- tiquated eystent which yet prevails in most of the exchanges in the United States, The rates to ft. subscril3er ior a ter. vice with tut unlimited number of calls over the entire system is $25.50 a year, There is no installation charge and no dues of any ether kind than' the an. nue' payment of this amount. A toll service is 'renamed fers$17 a year, 'with aft additional charge of a penny for each outward message, with ,.unlimitea Memel calls free. On a party lino with mom then four subscribers, the rate is ifie pet annum, evith an ennui. ited number Of calls. Permit nes to mitke a contrast, lave in a suburb of New York city, and it coat me 40 cents to telephone to. any part of the eity, and 50 emits to get e connection with Brooklyn. 'Neste ark, N. is only 25 miles awey, arid the rate Is 75 tents for a live-Mieutes' conversation. We pay five timee much a thousand fete for gas in Dust- inge-on-Iludson as they do in Glasgow, end it does not 'cost half as much to put it in the mains. We pay four times as much for efeettie light. We pay 2 cents a mile to ride on the rail- road between our village and New York, which ie about four times the rate eleirged for suburban traneit in any part of 'Great Britain or Europe. But we of New York itre so used. to be• leg robbed that we Actually enjoy it, tad resent the seggestion that. telief -ehotittl be eotight, either by legislation or ublic ownership. T love are 11.000 satbscribere to the, xnunicipel telephone Aystem of Mae - pone The ptiveto eompany mediae(' that the intensity of the fenanegement redoing Tates- end giving decent service would result in Anemia/ ruht, but the. ineestrnent teemed It profit of 00,000 last year, and the indications are that the present year will put the figire beyond the ^hendred. thousand mark. In that event, the management will materially rednee the rates. They have no intention of exhorting A milt from those who patronize the service, Surely the Scotch are a strange people. %lie is the laat article of the present series, arid .1 mu only touch on the many temaining enterprises far which Glasgow is famous. It is well within the truth to say that the city has carried out bolder schemes end under- taken p;reater ten4 more mewl schemes than any other publie body in the world. Leedom. with its vast wealth and aroused progressivism bits plenned and will probably execute more stu- peneous works, but it Was Glasgow that paved the wey and set the pace. The eleansieg department ef Glas- few is an interesting institution, It owns thousands of acres of farm lands where once were nothing but bogs and marshes. To these farms are conveyed the zeetise. products' of the streett3, On them are stone pearliest and, brick yards 'melted and operated by the city. There are abet great fectornis such ea !were described in the aeaneheeter ar- ticles, Oonneeting the fetetories and the fanns is a Within of stem alai" 'way, the city owning more than 700 railway cars and a large number of lecomotivee. Nothing is permitted to go to waste. In 1892 Glasgow purchaeed the small prieete ailectrical plant fee About $75,- 000. From this modest beginuing it has developed a comprehensive syste-m mod- ern. in every particular. It now repro. waits 'au investment exceeding $5,000o 000, end the prodts last year amounted to $340,000. This does not Include $30,- 000 paid. for taxes. As has been stated. 'before, all public enterprises in Great Britain pay taxes, end. are tints on the Hanle eooting for purposes, eompari- son as private industries. Even the fire department pays taxes on eVery dollar of its assets, .After marking ofi $185,- 000 for depreciation—a attest liberal al- lowance for a new plant—the depart- ment plaeed the balance to its credit,' paying nothing foe the relief of the tax - Meas. Obegow does not run 'enterprises foe the benefit of taxpayers, but for the benefit of al its citizens, ' Glaggew purchased the private gas plants in 1869 and bas made profit on the investment every .yerte Once then. This great, industry now has •a capital account exceeding $10,000,000, and the gross profits beet year passed the million dollar merle foe the first time in the his- tory,of the eaeterprise. When the orig- inal purchase Was made it was arranged that the oweers shouls1 receive in per- petuity annuities and stock valued at more than $2,00a,000, The city.has now adepeed the polley of purchasing at a premium these annuities, ana last year wiped out more than one-tbird of the amount. Under private matia entent gas cost coesinners from $1.2t3 o $1.50 a thousand feet, but this has been steadily reduced until the eates noise stand. 'at forty-eight cents for motive power and fifty-four, cents :for lighting. It is ex- pected that this will be cut to fifty cents this year. Wlien tlie plant is fully paid for, which -will not be many years at the present rate of profits, the city of Glas. go* will not pay more thanthirty cents for gee. It costs much. mare for oil and coal in Scotland than in any part of the United, States, but I wonder how much New, York and Chicago Will be paying when. Glasgow furnishes gas at actual cost price. Strange as it may seem, cheap gas does not eieem to destroy the independence nor deaden the ambition of the people of Glasgow. We are, as- sured by certain interests that it will have that effect in this country. "It is nearly forty years sinee Glasgow startled Great Britain ke deelaeing war on the slums end tenements .whicii dis- graced the city.. The property owners refused: to remedy conditions, and the city .took radical steps. It pushed through Parliament a hill giving it powee to condemn and purchase unsan. hazy property. The bill then granbed to- Glasgow was the Magna •Charte of municipal healph in Great -Britain. Arm- ed with.this acte.the eity autherities of Glasgow wiped, out whOle districts of un- sanitary property. lt was not originally hiteeded tlett the city should build housee on the cleered spaees, bet private capital refused to make fair terms and the city petitioned. Parliament for power to erect dwellings and stores on such lands, The bill was passed, and the ciey started by "constructing several model tenement houses. These were Bet as a standard. below which private buildings were forbidden to, go. So Muck has been , written of the woi‘k of the Improvement Trust, as it is called, that f shall not enter into details. On the start the venture was not a financial success, but the hiclirect results of wider streets, new parks and other , improvements more then com- pensated for the slight. money lose. But the nmn at the head of it were not dis- mayed, and their patience has been rewarded. Glesgow now owns millions and mil - Rohe oribIliirs worth of, dwellinge end is one of the world's greatest landlords. Its conmetition with private landlords is friendly but wonderfully effeetive. Thb city fixea:the vita of rents Ifeyond whielt others cannot go. It rigidly en- forces building and sanitary lave which have ,gfeatly tedoeede the death rate since the triunieipolity interfered with the overmasterieg greed and in- difference of landlorde and blinder; Its faintly homes and Iodising houses have ierved tte patent for scores of alive Glasgotv has municipalized all- the conimoo. eervices with the exception of cenatteriee. It is the owner of profit- able markets and slaughter houses; it maintains a splendid „system of baths and wash houses; it possessea mag- ufficent art gallery, mal has built "People's. Palace," which earabinee winter garden, art galler;v, musettm, reading totos, theittre aad toncert hall; it recently, ANItirell kern rivate • owners the liotatie garilene, w nett it maintnite for the enjoyment of the public and for use of studeats; him extionded tem; of tuitions in bringleg water from Lane Entrinet it furnishes hydraulic power eost; it epends emit tunounte on perks, ItIliant and enter- taitunents—theee tend ether futtetions representatives of the (ate. are finaneed and managed by the elected Party linee nre absolutely ignored when it coulee to the eleetion of mem— bers of the teiti, Commit, The num 'who lifts served his people, faithfully seldom is °pewit when eleetion day melees. Neither as bailie nor councillor dors lie, eeceive one penny for lee'eerviees. and l the amount of work devolving on him! requites at least five hours it day of The city ball iit Glesgaw does not :(%•• I time. inind tho viiritor of foie' vivie einteture in the Viiittel Siaie4. NO sworme ;di leafere. Ward heelers and ollice looters or seekeis liana lte entrenee or lounge in its belle. Yon are not per -I mitted to entoke or (tarry a lightea ' cigar. Ai the piece of the lianeers-on i t Most meld* buildings . entry, Onei OW hubinefis Men, arebitecte, eugteeere, bankers and othere who. heel' oecaslon to vlett Vitt variotle departatente, The atmosphere is thet of a well regulat.O. bank or great mercantile establishment, It le a place in which is traneactea the exeeletiee work which keeps* in action the skill and labor of all army of 15,000 city ein- ployeee. It is the liminess, office of a municipal estate worth more than $.90,. 000.000, There is no- army of parasites draw- ing salaries for work which la not per- formed. There is no line of . eitizene reedy to commit perjury.in order thet they may escape their lair ahem of the burdens of texation. There are no "go- betweene" employed by dieboneet wealth to extort ley bribery favors from those who have taken an oath to daithfuly serve their city and eom- munity Aldermen Meet in public to Wee Ways and ineens which. shall promote the public good, •aml not in the ;lizeek room of some drinkiug saloon to plot the citfe undoing The reprefien- Wives of the press eeek lamination concerning the latest improvements, and uot for details of the latest ofaeial plundering. There are no ward lead - ere. .There is no gang. There ie no pull. There is no graft. The men at the head of affairs •ivould no sooner thiult of robblug their city. than they would of stealing trent their churek or their club, I do not suppose yon will believe this, but it is all true., ' just a glance at'eEdinbargle the most beautiful eity in, Great Britain. Edin- burgh owns its street railwaye, hitt, in- Ptelad 9f operating them, ima leased them for a term of twenty-one years to a company which pays a rental of 7 Per cent.. on the capital outlay of $6,- 500,009,• .After paying interest, einking fund and other expenses, the city had a clear revenue of about $27,500. Thie aoes not compare fa,vorebly with the eecore of cities which operate their plants, mid there is so much dissatis. fatcion at Edinburgh over the indiffer- ent cable service that it is likely that the authorities will take steps to can- .cti°a-cl ttilolien jell." and introduce electrical E'dinburgh owns a fine system of bathe. Its electele light plant paid last year ' a net profit of $300,000. In the construction of houses for the working elas,ses, Edinburgh has spent nearly $1,000,000, and while maintaining low tent retbs • there is a steady annual profit to the city. The technics -1 and public schools of Edinburgh are famous. Like meet Scotch cities, it owns its markets and slaughtering houses, end bas adopted modern methods for the disposal of sewage and street sweep- ings. • The following statistics concerning the extent and . growth of publicly owned undertakings may be • of in- terests to students of 'this problem, There are in Great Britain 1,045 water plants owned by cities, boroughs or district; as against 251 owned by pri. vete companies. Every city of conse- quence, with the exception of London, owns and operates its water supply plant, and London is moving for pub- lic ownership. There are 256 public gas plants Against 454 privately ,owned ones, but the num. Iber of the former is increasing, while that of the latter is stationary or de. creasing. On capital invested the cities have made 0 1-2, per cent, against 5 1-4 for the private companies. The cities have charged an average price of sixty- four cents a thousand feet, while the private companies have charged seventy cents. The total profit from pleats was about $11,500,000. There axe in Great Britain 142 mune. cipidly owned street railway systems against 154 belouging to private com- panies, but the former represent an out- lay of nearly $1e21000,000, compared with $85,000,000 of private capital. The mileage- is 1,067 municipal againat 704 private. The percentage of profit on money invested is 7 3-4 for the cities and 4 3-4. for 'the private companies. This percentage is im increase over. last year of 1 3-8 for the cities, and a decrease of 5-8 for the private companies. The net profits to the cities were $8,000,000, and t3 the companies $4,800,000. These fig- ures are official, and do not go far to support the contention of Robert T. Por- ter to the effect that public ownership is a failure in Great Britain. He wrote a series of articles to that end recently Med. is either being denounced or laughed ate all over the United Kingdom. In papsing I may state that Mr, Porter is reeponsible for similar etatements which slie,tavieesb.een tvidely printed in the United In the item of electric lighting and power plants there are in Great Britain either in operation or in course of con- struction 355 plants owned by the local authorities, against 214 owned by come panies. The termer have invested $150,- 000,000 against $130,000,000 for the com- panies. The net receipts of mine of the larger towns and cities. are as follows: Aberdeen, $79,000; Ashton-Under.Lyne, . / 44' • To be a successful wife, to retain the love and admiration of het husband 'should be a woman's constant " study. 11 shelvould be all that she may, she must guard well against the signs of ill health. Mrs. Brown tells her story for the benefit of All wives and' mothers: ";" n;tArt PotanAM:—•Lytillt t. Pi itleb a in 's Veg'etable Compound will make everr Mother well, strong, Leal thy and happy. / dragged through tee,ypare of miserable existeriee, worn eat -with pain end weariness. then notieed a stela:mitt of a woMan troubled as I was; and the Wenderfut results she had had from your Vega - table Corepoimd, mad deeided to try what It /Nelda do for mei and need it for three months. ett tho end of that time, I was a different woman, the ezighbore remarked it, and ray lius- band fell loVe With roo all oVer again. It scented leke a new existenea I had been suffering with initaturait- Mon and falline of the womb. but you, (aedlicirie cured that, and bunt up tne entire system, till was indeed like A Cuml. Ettowx, 31 Cedar Tore:let n.4 1 new women.— Siticerely :teeure, Iftre eipringe, Ark., Viee President- atoreatre- terfelt oreenei ef apai kr4ir 'min, genuineness cannot 4, prerfucet An Emblem of everything that is pure, rich and clonal° s in tea. 1 =mom NATURAL, cREEN is to the Japan tea drinker what "SALARA" bta.ck is to the, black tea drinker. Sold only In sealed lead packets. 213c and 400 per lb. gly all grocers. $17,000; Ayre, $23,000; Bath, $38,000; Bedford, 4328,000; Belfast, $05,000; 131r. mingitam, $170,000; Blackburn $45,0001 Blackpool, $61,000; Bolton, t$100,000; 13eadford, $180,000; Brighton $175,000; Bristol, $135,000; Gantiff, $50,000; Croy- don, $90,000; Derby', $50,000; Edinburgh, $300,000; Glasgow, $380,000; Had= $40,000; Halifax, $39,000; liemste , $110,000; $75,000; *Islington, $77,- 000i Leedie $240,000; Leicester, $77,000; Liverpool, $500,000; Mancheater, $420,- 000 ; Nottingham, $100,000; Oleiliam, $00,e 000; Plymouth, $41,000; Portsmouth, $70,000; St. Pancras, $100,000; Salford, $130,900; Shellield, $155,000; 'Sonthamp- ton, $00,000; Suederland, $04,000; Wol- Yerhampton, $58,000. In the entire lett of cities only Otte showed a loss, and that -was Whitby, which lost $1,800 on the Brat year's working, More than 300 towns and. cities in Great Britain own markets oe slaughe until practicelly exterminated in many ter homes, havina e market velue (et: States. The ranclunan's lust for fresh not less than $45,000,000, The ,public ineat, the Beaten). tourist's. desire for Yankee of Lon.don stands for an Invest- antlers and elk teeth, and. the native ment of $17,500,000. With hardly who slays for the market, bare de - exception these markets are paying na populated Colorado' aod several other vestments, but no effort is bong made states of their best game, The bear, A PARIAH 01? THE SKY ZINK. There is a deal of eoyote hunting la the Vilest that is not attended by tile nicetice of the club Mint. Ever since the first pioneers pushed. their way across the great plains the coyote has been mi outlaw, looking far no mercy at the band. of man, His predatory lutbite have made the animal the bane of the ranch:nen, and his howl has made him the exasperation of the camper and the terror of the tenderfoot. The; too, Ids' habit of skulking jest within rifle range has always znade him tantaliz- lug target for the man with the rifle. Iu spite of his unpopubirity with all classes of men, bowever, the coyote has Managett to hold bis own better than any other twinial in the great West, The antelope is swifter of foot, raayleap, but, not haying the cunning. of the coy - eta, has been hired within rifle allege to exact an unreasonable rate of profit. It was not until 1899 that municipal- ities were permitted to and conduct telephone enterpnses and pro- gress has been slow by reason of the fact that in 1911 all telegraph and tele- phone lines will come under the con - cougar and bebeat, have felt, the same bligheing influeuce, but the coyete still figures in the sky line of the average Western pieture. Sometimes he is un. wise enovith to sat of poisonecl carcasses of cattle,' but tbis is seldom. Armin he falls a victim to coyote "drivel" or, trol, if not the owuerslup-, of the im ganized by =amen and partimpatea portal government. It is likely that in by townspeople, tenderfeet, news. the federated municipalities may sret paper correepondents and tunateur rho. defeat or materially modify this ar- rangement. In the meantime, munici- pal plants have been established in tograpliers. These, coyote 'drives" are held annually, or oftener, in nearly all Western communities where tbe prairie Glasgow, Guernsey, Brighton, 1,1ill, i pest flourishes. An average "drive," par - Portsmouth, Swansea and Tunbridge ticipated in by several hundred individ- Wells, Tbe rates for unlimited service uals, will yield eotrietimea as high as average $25, a year, aed the systems twentY coyotes and sometimes none at are either self-sustaining or show all. A good deal depends on the wind, profits. In all of these towns .aod and more depends on the coyote's cun- cities .A, IL Bennett has been tettuned as consulting engineer. In every in - Stance, the competition of the munici. pal plant bas resulted either in the de- feat of the telephone trust or the granting, of greatly reduced rates. Municipal baths and wash bouses are maintained in 170 or more towns and citees of Great Britain, and there has been invested in them an amount ex- ceeding $12,500,000. These are not in- tended as profit paying institutions, but the average annual charge against the taxpayers does not much exceed $150,000. These splendid institutione have done much to lower the death rate in British cities. The effect of improved housing for the working. .elasses, the widening of streets, the eradication of slum areas, the provid- ing of mire. water, parks and becathing spaces and „other niunieipal activities is most eloquently shown in the fol- lowing table of the death rate for re- cent years in the leading cities of dreat Britain: Death Rate. ' 'Town. ' 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. Belfast .. . . . '23.7 22.3 22,1 20.8 Manchester 24.9 24.5 22.1 20.0 Birkenhead .. :. 20.3 17.0 18.7 • 17.7 Nevem:die ... 22.4 21.5 21.9 19.0 Birmingham .. 20.9 21.0 10.5 18.6 Nottinghal .. 20.4 10.5 18.5 16.7 Blackburn 20.5 22,1 39.5 16.0 Plymouth ., . 20.6 18.1 17.9 16.8 Bolton .. .,.. 18.7 19.2 18.2 16.0 Portsniouth 20.0 18,1 37.9 16.8 Bradford . , 19.3 17,2 16.8 15.8 Salford 24.0 25.3 21.7 19.3 Brighton .. . 10.9 18.0 16.5 15.8 Sheffield .. . 21.6 22.0 20,4 17.1 Derby .. 17.4 18.0 15,2 13-9 Southampton . . 19.5 17.6 16.7 /5.2. Dublin.. .. 27.9 2$.6 24.6 24.2 Sunderland .. 21,8 21.8 21,1 19.5 Edinburgh L9.2 10.0 19.4 17.8 Swansea .. .. 20.2 19.2 18.8 16.1 Glasgow.. .. 21.3 21.8 21,2 20.1 Warrington . . 20.7 20.2 19,4 16.4 trenfax 18.8 18.6 16.4 15.7 West Ham .. .. 19.7 10.1 17.4 17.1 Hull 10.4 19.9 17.4 17.1 Leeds .... .. 19.4 20.4 19.3 17.0 Leicester .. . 18.5 18.3 15,9 14.9 Liverpool .. . 24.8 23.9 22.3 22.5 London., .. ,.. 20.0 19.1 17.6 17.7 These are the great cities of the United Kingdom, and the ones in which the spirit of municipal enterprise has been the more active. The showing is so conclusive as to require no cant - anent. According to an investigation ordered by parliament, and based on returns up to March 31, 1902, thbre was invested "reproduetive -undertakings carried on by the municipal boroughs," a totel capital of $587,686,000, and the differ- ence between the "average annual in- come and the average annual working Expenses for e period of four years," was $23,338,200 in profit for the ntuni- Meantime ,eit a conservative estimate the present investment is $700,000,000 and the profits are of a larger percent- age. The official figures include water works, on which no attempt is mede to derive peofits, also baths and wash houses mid burial grounds, which are conducted at a loss. Gas works pro- duced average profits of $0,850,000; eilectrie supply, $2,850,000; street tailwaye, $2,400,000; markets, $1,400,- 000, and harbors, piers and docks, $690,- 000. As has been statea, the more re - tent figures show $11,500,000 per annum for gas, and $8,000,000 for tramways. The falsity of the statement that municipal ownership has imposed vast leirdene oft the taxpayers is evidenced by the fact that the four years men- tioned the, average charge against the rates was not much more than $500,000 hi all of Great Britain, and a large share of this was for water works. Beyond question the distinettvely re. I reductive municipal enterpriees are now not only paying for themselvese but the process are eontributing the relief t4 general taxation. closing this series, I wish to ace knowledge my indebtednees to the of- ficials of the cities visited, and to thank them for the numberless fame through which have been enebled to colleet the draft on whieb. these artieles have been based. Bound to Grumble Aelyway. (Lewin Punch.) Squire—Wen, you can't complain of ' the Aveittlier this year; you've had splen- did mops. • FarmereeThat`s true, sir; the crops be all right, hut they've' taken a terrilde , int out o' the land, The tea branch Mikes of the Rueso- Chineee Bank located, in China Lao since their eetabliehment no record of a single protested note. lung ape abzlity te sprint—Arthur Chap- man ia May Outing, ••••••••••••••••••••••••• SHAMA MD, AN Ottellii it, TRW lid PH. F011 DR. W111.441.AlBLS' PINK RILII-13. Etselly ot Walkerton, Suffered fbr Months and Got no !teller Until he Liegirm the Use of these 01 the many employees of R. Truax 8t cita., Walkerton, unt., mane stands higher in the col:nue:tee of lus employ - eta than does Air. Thomas J. luteeli. lie is an excellent mechanic, antl lius been in the employ of this am for up- wards of ten years. 13ut,, itimough Etsell now' ranks among the feW men who are never absent from their post of duty, the time was when he was as of- ten absent as present, all because of physical inability to perform his work. Jeer years Mr. htsell was a great suffer.' er from eeiatiea, and at times the suf- fering beceme so intense that for days he was unable to leave the house. ' During these years, Mr. Eisele as may readily ise imagined, was contiutially the lookout for some remedy that would rid him of the desiase, hue for a long; time without success. Doctors were con- sulted and although be took the treat- ment prescribed, it did not help him. Then he tried electric treattaent, hut this also failed to give relief, and. in despair he had about -made up his mind that his case was hopeless and. that he -would ebe a suffering, helpless 'cripple to the end of his days. Then one day a neighbor advised bine to try Dr, Wile limns' Pink Pills. At first he refused, believing they would. prove like other medicines, but the neighbor was so in- sistent, having bereelf been greatly bene. fitted bsr these pills, so that at last he consented. The remainder of the story may best be told in his own words: ' "When I began taking these pills," said Atr, Etsell to a reporter of the Tel- escope, "I had. been off work for three months. The cords of my right leg were all drawn up,' and I could only limp about with the aid of my stick. The pain I euffercd was terrible. I could not sleep at all during tbe night, and I was in. misery both night and da.y. At first I thought the pills were doing me no goad, but after I had taken six boxes I fancied I was feeling better and was encouraged.• to continue the treatment. After that I got better every day, and by the time 1 heel taken about fifteen boxes every vestige of tautin had disap- peared. Poe over a year,' continued Mr. Etsell, "I have not had a twinge of pain, and although arn forty years of age I feel as well as when 1 was twenty. Pink Pills cured me, and. I have nal hesie tation in announcing them the best med. idea in the world for seiatica." The etne of Mr, resell proves that Dr. Williams' Pink Pills are not an ordinary medicine, and that their power to cure in all troubles of the blood. or nerves places them beyond all other medicines. You ean get these pills from any medi- eine dealer or direct by melt at 50 cente a box or six boxes for $2.50, by writinp; The Dr. Williams Medicine Co., Brock. - vibe. Ont. See that the full name "Dr. Innk Pills for Pale People" is printed on the wrapper aroma' every . box. THE DAiRV COW. • I A CritiOal Period--ProtectiOn From inelerrient Weather. Etipartment of Agriculture, Commissioner s Branch, At this seaeoit of the year, when- fartnees are extremely busy preparing for winter. the dairy cows are apt to bo negleeted. Fre- quently they are loft to Melt a, scanty living from bare pasture:: and the fence eernera at grain fields, exposed to all the Inelemeneiee of the autumn weather. The highly organ - iced dairy cow is very senuitive to sutidoe and extreme changes in the weather, aud nothiag could be moo dttrimentai two- notuical Milk production. The flow of miik is °Reis re inatcriany lessened that it eanna he brought back to tho normal ttandard cur- ing the winter. Beposure to storme and mg on the cold, damp ground at night not (milt lead to a &amain' floW of Milk, bat they ere very ait to cense uatlet teouldos4 rheumatism and other diseages, anti m Some sates even death. It is, therefore, alvisable to see that the eowe net a euifinent supply et euitabie Mod 'during thet elute:it ne.icet, one that they are proteded frinn i.tersis Altering the day and ermetwtably stable i night. That emineat 4,3oey authority, 1 ro.. v n tensiecruble sate:mon to tiha ilaeelig, of hupovintc,at tIct„ Subfert, nittl some of hie experiment.' turd comet:stone ate well v.ortivy of coneideratina lty owners of mutt, Ia the coutect of an ur- tiele on the tall eare of omen be tays: One uleht or even a few hours of eold rain: enuses nn enorittotta shrinkage, of Milk. Peed, comfort tent rotneetment are the prime fae- tots In eneceaftful dairying, and. it is not tee Much to say that coinfort le the erfatest i comfort diatipeolatmea A (sow wilt SW to a a f ull awe of ixtilk. if I freak JA natik vine from cold, no ma slae is fee. Autumn le a more (animal 1 ftviri,,w179101: Arrest Thosoru us 4,, . ' eystifer. While the Weer le d voue royetem Emit it faild to ;awl Cows NhoUld therefore not be raise, left nut during cold a fined la Muddy sr yet yerfla A The- proof et this theory Via two yejire ago. Sonia chanies Wit:being Monetrated by the litiniesetA eta 1 liAr- fi ' Made Ja the Cow barn which suede 11 knoon- yenient to 'Wino the cows- for a, tow dopi, and just then A cold, radio' ;veil set ta, te which the tows were ixousedt Vlore veer neg ouly a very Marked ehrinkage in =Mc earl butter fat rat once, hut they milecl to reeover during the winter, though the feed wee lib - oral ,tind the tare Use best that Coilld be 'even. The cows gave 16.3.1 pounds of milk and .$ pouny of butter fat a day during the winter. lt ,fiti knoWn when the obrinkage tom: place and wee, but the attempt to re- cover it tailed. The next year inch iin ex- nerienee was guarded against alid the earns here gave a daily average of 283 pounds Mill; anti I.3 pouuds fat. 15 may be, asked. what the cowe did with ' their food, einve they were fed liberally dine. fug the Winter. They marlo'beef or fat with it, for each gained au average of nearly bait a pound a day, a gala that did neither the cowe nor tee owner any geed. Derins the! two wintere the here was composed et the i eame cows, fed tb0 satire ration* and recolvea 1 yet hocauee ot that mishap the herd relied pboysillUbilte Oweorpke:r creine,ta. not lea% Money bY needleesly tax -poems cows in the autumn, in every way tee same capurebtunteaettitoennticolae,rxa.nd s owe 1 ,t hdita, .lka og:1454:4510noxo, rsaro.00141._ 4oar i 0 WISE PREOA.1.1V,ON. Op. ••••••••,......., NQ =Atter witaber ehe baby le eiek or well, Baby's Own. Tablets should al- ways be hi the house They not enly cure infantile -disorders, but they pre. vent them, and sltould be usee. 'Whenever the little ones sheet the slightest signs of illness. No other medicine is so. en- thueiastieally spoken of by mothers—no other medicine has done so much 1,0 make little ones healthy and goed nat- ured. lefrs. Albert Luddington, fit. 11fary's River, N. S., says t "I do not be- lieve my baby would have been alive 0 - day had it not been for Baby's Own Tab- lets. Since using them he is grciwing nicely, is good natured and is getting fat." Good for the new born baby or growing child—and above all absolutely safe. You can ge 13aby's Own Tab- lets from your druggist or hy mail at 25 cents a box, fiy writing The Dr, Wit. banes' Medicine Company, Brockville, Ont, GOOD OLD TEDDY. • liow the King Lays Aside all His "Good Old TaddC;e:as the ery raised by thousends of his loyal subjects, says the cabled description of the, deptirture of King Edward NIL on Tuesday from a London railway station for *Newmar- ket races. This WAS the leing's first appearance in public after the slaughter of the North Sea fishermen, and the de- monstration tras a personel as well aa a patriotic outhburst, tbe very familiar and, democratic manner in which the King was xeferree to being: tbe distinetive personal feature. It ie at Newmarket,. the racing headquinters„ that 'the Zing of Englend so fully exemplifies the max- im of the equality and demoeracy of the turf in the manner related in a late. London joureal. A real type of the "fine -old English gentleman," dressed in quiet tweed, mounted on a Mandy bay horse, and chatting enietly but very cheerily with a younger mart in -fawn elOth and brown gaiters, cantered manly over the epringy turf on Newmarket Heath, At length he paused., and drew in a, big breath of the glorious English air that cooses straight to this fine Cambridgeshire up- land from the clean North • Sea. The early morning air, caol and invigorme• ing, had iust a tomb of autumn ila it. This distinguished gentleman, taking hie health -giving morning spin across Newmarket Heath, was the King .of England, and he was up and about while many of bis subjects lay lazily in bed. While at Newmaeket King Edward neither "shuns sights" nor "lives laborious ilays," but he takesechiniself as fas as be possibly can from the King, and comes as near as he possibly .can to the country gentleman and patron of the turf. His day at Newmarket is the day of the simple life. The Jockey Club house is plain and unassuming enough, but bis suite of rooms forms the plainest and most unassuming portion of the build- ing. The Duke of: Devoneildre's. house acioss • the street' is—not striking, but the King's house—the newly acquired place that is to he ,occupied by Ills Ma- jesty when the alterations are finisfied —is even lese neteggaelee iesei • - So thorouglitylVe idert—tif —the"' simple life carried out that there is no mobbing or crowding of the King when be is at Newmarket. The men with the long strings of eacchorsee exercising on the heath know of the King's desire for pence and quiet, and they re- spect it, To such eliarmieg lengths does His Majesty sometimes carry his temporary aloofness from the tralnmelS of court' life that on no occasion Newmarket MIS witheesed. the spectecle of a polished gentleman from Scotland Yard going about frill of suppressed anxiety, tiling to find out whither the King had gone! Ring Edward. had. :ideally gone out , Without informing the detectives who were charged with the special duty of proteetieg The afternoon, of course, is tpent .the races. Sometimes using a pair of powerful field glasees, et Other times gazing down the course with his keen eye:4, the Ring stands up in the royal box during each race. and follows the fortunes of the various horses with the zest of an •experienced racegoer, Chat- ting now with one or more of the peers or country gentlemen around him, now with groups of ladiee in the most 'ex - elusive enclosure, now having a word With a fellow ritechoree-owner• or other friend or stssoidate, the King ther- mighty enjoys the liest that can be found in England riming, and his knowl- edge of horses and his memory for events in the rneitig world are admir- ingly commented upon. by many leaders ofTtIltioe iluarefing ovor, th•e 'Rhin drivee down to the town ie the rawk of vehieles of all deseriptious. Ile instrimted the poliee to let. the traffic, oa nis tiSuai. anti there is no eeremoniel clear. ing of the road. en cry of "Room for the Ring!" niiiiiireds of persons lett e driven down in mite, braltee, motor care and, 'hired velteeee of ell • tune as the Kilter witlenit k»owieg sorts And conditions About ow -saw his proi-enee. althoutet be almoet al- , Ways 11:ze:4 an ettott .earrirme. Now nil I then be eetttalty gels 'livid up" by the police in eompaey With OiliOia ilie tegulation iit the ttaffie homilies tliffi- • l' An outward and ign tl:r ale alive of eel'elitotiv At Newmarket is tee arose er the Klee, and its a eflit,e- oneisto Oat ef the otl.er men. _I haul lett hat ot a pleasing Phil& of brio.en, naltina Or ite.ierlie7tii emit, a cloth (ewe ta, rail. and a lounge suit .•tire the roe el wedr for Newmarket. ing rill important itailistry. :$0.1400,00t) The Milling of nmegniteee is. become 1 titwoir having been pteeeetel euring ft +++++++4 -COWS THAT DO NOT PAL Ma J. CI. Chapatti, Aosietant Dairy Commiseioner, who is particularly wen acquainted with agricultural conditions QUebee, Bald la alt address; Prom. my experience, am led to believe. that Oct reason why the Babcock teat is not entere generally adopted ea a basia fee Pay- ment for milk is leek of knovviedge tbe part of the farmers. They do not know anYthing about the tree vAlue of cow. When they are told that a. cow that yields thirty pounds of milk is more valuable than one yielding forty pounds they do not understand it, I tame Agrees an instance of this kind when I was working with the inspector's in the Lake St. John district. One Man mid: "I have the best cow in the patieli; she gives sixty pounds of milk," went out to his place, having with Ine the figures as to the butter fat in his Milk. I got from bins the facts as to the cost of feeding his cow, and figured out the cost of the milk. I found that it cost, allowing the ordinary price for the feed need, about 90 cents per hundred pounds. .At, the priest's house I got the figures about a cow owned by him, whose milk cost only. 44 cents per hundred pounda, showed the! man that the percentage of butter fat in the milk of hie vim was 2,85, while in that of the priest's eow it was 5.60. I was able to show him that, instead of having the best cow in the parish, he had the worst. The result was that, whereas this man generally sold a eelf at $15 at birth, the next year, though the calf was a heifer, no- body would buy it. This shows that the farmers will understand this matter if we go them and explain it, Yours very truly, W. A. Clemons, Publication Clerk. Better without a Stomach Than with one that's got a eonstant "tiurt" to it. Dr. Von Stan's Plaeapple Tablets Aka, ulate the digestive organs. Let etre enjoy the good things of life anti leave no bad ef- fecte—earry them with you in' your vest pocket—eo in box, :35 tents.4s TO FORM BIGHLAND KILTS. Invitation to the British War Office to do Away With tbe "Fellebeag. The London Daily Mail of August 22nd contains the following on a proposal by a wIdolgrahlabnydetrhetonidgoh utanwdaycorwthI the kilt sults k"W_e_ commend to the n ce of the Scot- ish rime Buie Association an article In the August 'United Serviee 'Magazine on the uni- form our Higitiand regiments. What will it say o a writer siguing himself 'Albynn du 13ragh,' svinch seriouely invites our War Of - tics to reform the dress of our kilted corps? 91"Ittheniu&tehre wsaarld tt?itt ever since the close effective activity ot rPeaaliiiyMhaleien10 eto58nt infieedld to" initsiltitaallreyrinl'egf°drmepah€ta! merit in Platileo. Per the last two years ain of our army has been mainly engross- edr in the devisipg of a new and univereal undress cap, and new that it is in the proper mood, it may ge inclined to grapple with the propOsahi of 'Albynn "It must be owned that there is a eer- tain reasonablenesa in euggestions, which arc, 'based on the fact that— durinIgn treutwitar.A.. lwricat tor thisesuwehoeite, esloirathplineg, as all arms wore more or less the same 1123iPogthsianDdtittretegsimaerts kintitarkolduceleoathienoginlobjeuattiothueti with five different tartans, and three diger- ent patterns of hose -tops, as well as Other yor gififetre•eusez.; o ova contusion and inconveni- ence in future, our reformer proposes: "That a universal 'cathr dattlor;' itplfewtittaorr, tan, be designed Undo in 'Lelibeag' through.out all the highland regi- ments. The resultant hue at distances over 200 yards to be ot the greenish-t-%ortat mix- ture'—kbaki, or some similar 'Invisible' color, the present reginwertal tartan*, are too dark for the niajority of the backgrounds we usually fight on. This design should pre- sent no diffieultigs, for the _component color* of the regulation khaki drab are blue, ihlts and four widely different shades of b wn. Thin red and yellow lines might, wi out detracting from the invisibility. he intro- dueed to make the tartan brighter looking at short distances. That rather unsightly comproraise, the khaki apron would thus die - appear. The red doublet and the White jacket to be, abolished, and their places taken by a doublet of tire present regimental tartan for wear during peace as full dress and fef walking out. Facings as at present. tu'I't?tuhenrifochrmangs (71eutl: e ose-t s, gar knots, Sporrans—the present 'uselses bunbbea of hair' to be replaced by a 'practical. death- ti;uteiuristi.ghitliarerorndnst-t lerteoattldraesedvi:ATopytr with one, two, or three feaehers, according V; rank. like that now worn by the Boy& Soots, would supplant the present feather gonnet." RI lestice to "Albynn Gu Bragh," it nmet be admitted that many features of the ere. sent dress of our nighland regiments are not Yt!ignirghttlAf:;'4 and pipe-olayed spats, or Rob Roy and Evan Dtibh hi gold dirk -belts!" It is perteathtl.: teriitotlig itilradeltril gide die - gree in everything connected with war," anti there is really no reason why the regitnenta Which are now SupposeiVto perpetuate their sttuditione should net endeavor to be tinUally To those who are sure to cry out einnttroho ehtiment at the propoted to e0tles Uniform tartan for the field. "Albynn Broth" replies that our see int kilted regiment, "the famous Forty Teta ' had originally a different torte* fel ends' conthany, and yet soeras to have tiOrvite ed the Mimeo." kle does riot propose 16 rtholieh the hilt—for that, indeed, *mild set the heatbet en tire --but only to retrain It red etherwise simplify and systematite the Athos Of Out nighland 'The Presideht a Slave to Cato!' 11. —D. sampte, President oi Bample's Instalment COMpany, Washington, Pa., writes: "Par years was Melanie with Chronic Catarrh. Remetliee and treatment by seecialiste gave me temporary rend. nett' I was indueed to use Er. Agnow'a Cat- arrhal Powder. It gave alnaost Institut relief. eeets.-40 Farmer Witness' nappy Retort. Judge It. Polk alenroe, of littfiele ale% the Louisville Derald, reeently told tide story of a witness getting even with a brow belt -line lawyer, The witness was st fattier Wita 'eels in court eomplaining that a certain fellow bad stolen ISomo or his ducks. "'Do you know that these ate yew dueltel uskeil the lawyer. " 'On, yes I should. know them airy. whew ' end 'then the fanner Wont into detail deseribing the ducks and telline lust why he would know them. "lint these iliteke tire ito different from any other decks," eitidethe Weyer. I have a good many in my yerd at, 'home lust Me them.' "'That's not unlikely," sale the ter- mer. "These SW net the only dutke have heti Wren in the past few 'weeks,'"