HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Wingham Advance, 1904-07-14, Page 3DEEDS OF THE
"YEGOMAN.7
out the "Yegginan."
BY WILLIAM PINKERTON, I
Attacks on bank vaults and safes in
lo an Address to the International Acacia- cities with WY equippea pollee, depart-
• lion Ciders of Pollee, Ione !melds, seldom, if ever, mon'. The
MURY membere of this association( s'Yege oullue their elevations princi-
pally to small towns wbere -there is
doubtlitea recollect a paper reaa by me
at its teventh annual couventiou, hold "nal Or no Pollee protection, consequent -
at Cincinnati, in 1000, conceroing the ly their immediate eapture after an at-
"Yeggnian," "halo" or tramp burglar. tnelt- difficult Unless it eeeure through
the yigilanee of officers in surrounding
At that time 1 lyedietcd Ids operatione
towns wies 'owe been uotifled by tele -
in this country would gradually increase
The following tithin Hinman a meant graph or telephone or the attack. Great
ettecks on Woke from 14eptember, assistance in apprehending and :dully-
ing these "Yeggmen" comes tbrougb
1000, to date, of width, 1 believe, fully
Lem of spacial agents or railroad pollee, ate
00 per cent. were made by burg
pointed by the larger railroad companiee,
the "Yegg" 0.488; 1V110 are constantly on the alert for
Banks Amounte
steam this class, and wbout we should, all en.
attacked,
1,00_3901 11'7 $137,037 70 courage in their good work. The head
152,070 27 of a railroad police force can aid. greatly
1901-1002 .. 140
180,077 ees in suppressing these "Yegg" or "hobo"
1002-1903 123
The following table shosva convictione burglart: by breaking op tramp bands
and teutences during the same period. wile ride en the freigide trains. A per-
sistent light on these bands will do muell
for bank burglary and ettempted bank
in putting the "Yegir," burglars. oat of
burglary;
Convict Sentences, busipess. Colleethat photographs end
aim yrs. mos, keeping good records of men of this
.. 29 , class, the saine as any other criminal
1900-1901 .. 241
8 ekes, will also be of great aavantage
1001-1002 43 324
100a-1003 .. 24 115 e to themselves and regular polekaart-
meats, Many of the railroad comet:asks
In addition to this two paid the death
do not fully realize the great importance
penttlty in New York State, one in °Ails-
sotui aml three in Arkansas, for mur- of aiming epeeial agents to rid their pro-
ty of this class of criminals. Nearly
dering officials who uttempted to arrest Pi*
them; all of these were of the "Yegg" all of these "hobo" bands who ride the
ex. trains without paying have "Yegg" bur -
class. The "Yegg" buzglarta most
glues in their bands. 'We bave estab.
tensive operations during the past iiVr:
Relied. at our various Waco groups of
years have been in the middle west, es-
pecially in Minnesota, Wisconsin, South Photographs and rem& of t.hese
"Yeggse' which, with other eriminel pho-
Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Lula
tographs and records, we are pleased to
ana, Missouri, Indian Territory and Okla -
show or give information about at any
home. For the past three years the
time to those whose duty it is to ap-
operations of the "Yen" burglar in the
rehend and prosecute the eriminal.
east have been confined to poetollices and P
business safes, but, during 1003 to 1904 Co-operating with eheriffs, chiefs of
they made two attacks on banlcs iii police, mart:bale and varioua other au -
Maine. one in Rhode Island, one in Penn- thorities of this estuary in the arrest,'
sylvanite two in Virginia, two in North identifieation and conviction of "Yegg-
Cerolinail one in South Carolina mid one num " bave bad en opportunity of
in Florida. (U.:eV studying his origne methods,
For the benefit of those who did not habits and characteristics, and find that
attend the convention of 1900 I win nine -tenths of this class is inade up of
briefly repeat the "Yeggrmoas" method so-called driftwood of humanity in this
of operating. The actual burglar sends couutry, composed of about one-half nat-
out a "Radon': who is a young graduate Ives, one-quarter foreign descent and one -
youth quarter foreign birth; most of theee are
of some tramp camp, one wItose
or innocent appearance would not excite meehaeics or eave been railroad men,
suspicion of any citizen and whose phy- iroo-workers, or originally some trade
steal strength aud 8011rage prevent los and have lost their places of employment
engaging 311 the attack. He is called 'through lebor troubles, and stealing rides
in the "Yagg". vernacular a "gay eat." on was or tramping from one city to
In the gmse of a pedlar or beggar the another they formed. the aeguaintance of
"gay eat" is sent to country towns to criminals, gredually becoming criminal
learn and report if there are any pollee, themselves. They are a healthy set,
town marshal, or night watchman, if with considerable physical strength,
any ere on duty all night, if town is many ere well %hatted, can intelligent -
lighted by electricity, how entrance could ly discuss topics of the day and have a
safely be effected to bank builcling, make general femiliarity of mechanism and
seep. construction,. ell of which stands them in
of fault or safe, the best route of e
intr. The 'gay cat" while tramping, good steed m the crimes they commit.
:peddling or begging, studies the local Bogus trevelling wads purporting. to be
4reight - time -tables, learns where the Wilma by tradee 'unions are carried by
--water tanks and zeal chutes are, which them, to be used if arrested in an effort
Are likely points to board trains to es. to convince police officers, marshals and.
eape on, finds out -where hand ears are others of their innocence as criminals.
'kept, and where horses and buggies can "After a "Yegg" is arrested he produces
be easily stolen by the "Yeggs" to es. one of the union travelling cards, claims
cape. The leader of the "Yegga tribe is ,be is in search of work at his trade and.
furnished by the "gay cat" with all not infrequently, if arrested as a, sus -
these details and plans an attack on a Peet, is releesed on account of this card.
bank he considers least difficult. But A mechanic who asses his employment
eafe burglary, like almost anything else, by a strike or other labor trouble, leaves
bas its season, which commences when his native town fee larger cities in
the nights are long and ends when they search of employment, intending first to
begin to get short. For his own good
reasons the "Yaggman" will not operate
on inoonlight nights. He knows the
darker the night the safer his work and
less likelihood of his being seen or iden-
tified.
Most "Yeggmen" now operate on bank
vaults ana safes with nitroglycerin, but
in soma instances -dynamite 38 The
nears skilled of them understand nitro-
glycerin is extracted from dynamite by
a simple method, When made it is car-
ried by the more cariful members of
this elass in rubber water bags, but some-
times the 3nOr0 careless ones carry it in
ordinary glass bottles, which is quite
dangerous. It is' known as "the calla
The "inside men," who use the explosive
in blowing bank vaults or safes of whom
there are usually two, select 'tae "oat -
siders," or "stickups," who intimidate
any interfering citizeps and prevent them
from capturing those making the atteck.
'Yews," who actually engage in an at-
tack upon a bank, seldom visit in the
aktytime the pkee where the bank is sit-
uated, fearing subsequent identifleatiou,
They either go from 'sense large city to
the scene of the attack or camp in the
woods within walking distance of the "Chi Jade"' Any notable physical ohm-
toww until night. They visit the bank acteristic is used to ease a road name
to be attacked near midnight or between I or "monacker" to the mewly made
midnight and 3 it, 111. „These "Yeggs" go , "Yetag" Considerable cunning and skill
heavily armed on their work. They sea are showa by them in coining these
dom carry revolvers of less than 38 call- I names and Yegg phrases. A youthful
bre and most of them -carry 44 and 45 burglar with a noticeable grey patch on
Colts or Remington pistols, blue barrel, the back of his head is calkd "The Aged
with additional rounds of ammunition. Eida a six-footer who wears a number
, The sentinels are posted near the bank 13 shoe, is known as "Little Willie," one
and are frequently instructed to shoot with an impediment in Isis speech is call -
if necessary any intruder. Their duty ed aSquinch," then there els "Clinkers,"
is to guarantee the safe escape of their "California, Fingers," "Bee," and. dun -
confederates operating on the vault or dreds of other curious names, each given
safe in the bank building, who seal up on account of some 'peculiar character -
the cracks of vault or 13afe doors with istio or incident in the life of tbe "Yegg"
common washing soap, well softened, leav- ao named.
Mg a slight aperture at top of 'door, The word "Yegg" or "Yeggman" orig.
where a soap dant fa built into which Mated with the gypsies. Wheo a par.
the "soup" or nitroglycerin is poured.
This Oozes about cracks of sefe very
quickly; a fuse mid detonator are used
to eeplode it, One shot of nitroglycerin
eometimes demolishes the safe door. If
it. does not another charge is made until
the money is reached. A. very loud explo-
siou follows each attack, which attracts
etbe attention of citizens, but not infre-
quently these "Yegg" burglars will first
awaken the neighborbood by firing nu-
merous revolver shots before the exple-
fives are appked, which leads the popu-
lace to believe there are a number of men
(engaged in the attack, and which fre-
(looney discourages interference.
After the smoke has passed away the
contente of the safe or vault are obtain-
ed and the "Yegg" band escapes either
• on passing traine, on stolen teams or
band ewe or on foot, hiding by dey, tray.
ding by night affitil, pursuit is aiscoetin-
tied, Occasionally a good "outside" mau
graduates to the "inside" class. I'his
eleuhl of criminal rarely considers human
life. No molter whether one plan or
a family of ten live in a building it
atutkes but little to -the "Yegg" burglar.
-The building is sometimes wrecked. or
, v"--7-77177r,-Ar-
. . o L. -
There ore hundreds of other word% . :
L IA
.
similarly mined and in universal use by
thew. The experienced "Yegg". cal read,. . ' .
ily deternaue bv eonvereetion in hp ver- • - - WI' 0
utieular with a stranger whether he is
a "Yegg" er amt. They team all they
possibly ean about a man they prollose
operating with or before they reallY
speak to lain of the nature of their
work, ana must be sure he has the pro.
per traits to become one of them or
loin the band. it does met take them
long to illscover if betis lataang in any
requirements, Veers:Imlay 4 sort of so.
eialist argument is offered to recruits;
"Why should. mo few people haat; so
muell moue,. and so many peolile hate
so little money?" and "It Pi no erline to.
rob Um rieh and kill their protectors 10
doing FAL" Melly of theee "Yegginen"
become desperate through circumetanees
and decide to gat money from equate or
safes at any risk. Officers they couelder
targets.
in the many with whom we have come
in contact we Imo found few with any
eon:science, Their first argement 18)
"Why 8hould I not steal? I tried to
make a living honestly, but failed; the
world. owes me a living, and if it does
not give it to me 1 will take it." There
is little or no religious belief among
them. Tbey are for the most part very
rank morally; maoy am degeberates.
As individuels they are in many ine
stances eowardly, hut as bands et five
or six they ere reckless and fearless. I
recall two instances withinethe last three
years, wherein, rather than permit a
wounded member 'bf a hand to be rap-
tured, they killed. bine Tile great number
of these "Yeggineu" in the country .to.
day comes from the little skill requwed
in the use of explosives on vaults or
safes, Every member of the "Yegg"
band of burglars need not necessarily un-
derstend the use of explosives, Sueb
men as do guard duty gradually learn
from their associates how explosives are
used, and form separate bands of their
own, so that in some instances four
"puteide" men bave been _known to or-
ganize separate bands.
Few "Yeggs" are married and live do-
mestic lives. noir homes, when they
are prosperous, are he the lodging houses
and cheap saloons of large cities, and
they frequent the lower class of• drink-
ing 8nloons and dance halls until their
money ts exhawited, -when they again en-
gage in safe burglary,
Several , years ago as band, of these
"Yegginen' visited a TeXaS town and
pretending that they were in search of
a place to sleep, applied to a town mar-
shal, who very agreeably offered to give
them a night's lodging in the calaboose.
The real intention of the band was to
rob the post office. When en route to
the lockup and near the post %nee they
grabbed the marshal, tied his hands be-
hind his back and took him into the
building vaith them, where they. foreed
him into a creme mail sack, tying the
mouth of the sack tight around his neck
and standing. him • nt one earner while
they operated on the safe, .After obtain-
ing its contents ono of the "Yeggs"' jocu-
larly remarked that he did not see how
the marshal mad be shipped. without
postage, and began plastermg him with
postage stamps of different denomina-
tions. Then they tumbled the mamba]
over on the floor, where be was found' the
following morning in a precarious condi-
tioil.
On one occasion a "Yegginan" in one
or our large cities, who intended going
out on a burglary expedition, but who oe
aeount of the weather conditions, de-
cided late at night to abandon the work,
dropped into a well-known tramp saloon,
where Ise was at times a customer, and
handed the bartender a bottle filled with
find work and continue at it, but if un- . a, white liquid, whieh the "Yegg" explain -
successful he gradually drifts to loag- eed was medicine, and requested that the
ing houses or to the cheaper class of bartender put it away for him until he
saloons, until his money is exhausted. returned. The bartender carelessly
Through sheer desperation he starts out placed. it in the rear of his cash drawer.
with some other mechanic similarly sit- The "Yegg" was arrested on suspicion as
meted, "on the road," tramping, beating he left the saloon. The fallowing morn -
his way from one city to the other, ing, when the proprietor arrived, and
begging his meals, and it is while doing Wati cbecking up receipts, he noticed. the
this that he forms the acquaintance in bottle in tbe eash deawer, and on learn -
camps of the "Yegg," who.procceds to ing who left it, suspected whet it. was.
take him in hand•to determine what his Calling a tramp who 'was a frequenter
ability cansists of. If a mechapie ex-, of the place, a harmless sort of chap, the
proprietor handed him the bottle and
plains that he is a inachinist or has been told him to take it to the lake and throw
an iron -worker, especially in building
construatton, he is „gradually introduced it in. It was a. particularly cold morn-
ing, and the tramp, being tbinly clad,
to other "Yeggmen unit finally becomes and not relishing the walk to the lake,
a member of some "Yegg" tribe. which was about a mile distant, when
It is a sort of breach af etiquette he got about a block froni the saloon,
among these "Yeggs" or "hoboes" for cede threw the bottle against tbe side wall of
to aek the other what his real imme is, a building in the coutse of construetion.
and therefore "Yegga" on meeting a. The explosion was terrific, and tore a
tramp mechanic, instead of usking for very large hole in the new wall. In fact,
his name, asks where he hails from. If almost wreeked the building. When the
the mechanic replies he is from Pitts- •tramp returned to the saloon and the
burg and he is of slim build he is nick- proprietor asked him if he threw the
named "Pitts Slim," or if he is stout he bottle into the lake he replied that he
is "Pita Fat," or red-headed, it; is "Pitts had not, because there was, an earth.
Red," or if John from Chicago, he is quake in. one of the streets he passed
through.
In another instance a "Yeggman" had
been apprehended in Arkansas, had con-
cealed on his person a large vial of nitro-
glycerine, which the polies found. At
the preliminary bearing the "Yegg's"
attorney had not been made "wise" by
his client that the vial contained an
explosive, but simply bad been told that
the liquid in the vial WEIS an eye wash.
In his eloquent address to the, magis-
trate for the prompt discharge of his
client he suddenly grabbed tbe vial from.
tbe table, shook it vigorously in the face
of the judge, declaring it simply an eye
wash, was about to slam it on the table,
when the "Yegg" grabbed his arm,
halted him and said. be would waive
further hearing rather than have the eye
tieularly clever thief is found among a t water slammed on the table.
gypsy tribe be is seleeted as the aYegg" eve have founa the apprehension and
or chief thief. This expression 38 now conviction of these "Yeggrnen" most
adopted by the better class of thieves difficult bemuse of their method of oper-
among tbe tramps or "hobo" element of ating. They rarely, if ever, permit any
this country. A.s late as tsventy years one to see, them in the vicinity' of or
ago, one tremp meeting. another and at plaee where they commit a crime,
-wishing to be sure of his identity as, a thereby preventing identity and making
professional tramp, would address 1nm their collection with the crime' difficult.
as "Ho, Beau." This expressioo subs& There is considerable brotherhood or Rao
quently deyeloped the word "hobo," If alty among them. They are always
4 tribe or band of triunes found among ready with a willing hand to contribute
their umber particularly parststent to the defence of one of their number
beggar or tiering thief they, using the in trouble or to aid in breakiug him out
expression of the gypsies, called him a
"Yegg." Then ea,mo the name of "John
Yegg" and finally the word. "Yeggman."
Bantle of these "Yeggs" have names,
, eaeli band named for a leader, as "Black
Billv's band," "Frisco Slim's band," "To -
mite Jimmy's band," "The Rambler's
bitten" etc. Theo also coin slang terms
known only to them and the detectnyes
who study them.,
If discovered at work operating they
refer to it tt "rumble," es, "We got
a rumble and had to quit." An officer
is "bull," shooting an officer is "jinn
foxing a bull," blowing. it safe is "stint-
eset on lire by the eaplosion. Iu one ease , Prig a drtint" "sheotirtg a box," te-
a Man, his wife tuid childrea oceupied 0 , volvers are'"cannons," or "rods," a eiti.
aoom over 0 _store oppoeite taliank build- I zen with a beard luta "bustles"' or
ing Which "Yettge" tittaeked; whou the "woods," a eountrynnot is a "boozier,"
of jell, although they sometimes do not
cover crops. The subject was mtro-
know the party except by reputation.
duced by Mr. IV'. Macoun, horticul-
Not a few of them who have been
who gave his experience with
successful in attacking the banks and tlirist(
different plents used for this purpose,
not been apprehended are reporteO to
snd told what he considered were the
have given up burglary work and set-
tled down in large cities in business for principal 1.ises of cover crops. He said
which they are best Med. In the many that the importance of a covering for
eases they engage in keeping liquor the soil in winter was strongly impress -
saloons, danee halls, lodging or eating ecl oft hint after the winter of 1895-96,
houses, and tlieir resorts become a ren- when mealy trees were root killed. at the
dezvous of, "Yoggmen" who have not Control Experimental Farm, Since that
been so foatunate or succeesful in their time the subject had received much at- -
work. I knew of an instance of a tention by his department. alie mate
"Yegg" burglar who was married and uses of the cover crop are To hold
had smell family sentenced to tooth() snow in winter and thus proteet ;
seven-year tents. .Another "yeggnoto," the roots of the treee; to famish vege-
triemlter of Ina tribe, minsechately to9k bible matter to paiugh under in the
poesession of ins 110100 end suportea spring for the purpose of obtaining Int- -
•
W01•10VRFIA RECOVORY OP
A NIPISSING MAN.
Was Unable to Vse Either Rtglit
fiertelcen ANIarlA 11:71Yele ftc
nart:P.14°Ing1111 JCIeZigka'ellr
triet, Ont., ifs another of .1.110 mony
Proralytics, who owes 1)18 present
gooa 'health and ability to go about
—11 not life itself—to the mai of
'Williams' flak Pills. ti.V. Crag; givev.
108 experlenee as follow* "ilint: for
the blesoing or Owl and the 1100 of
Dr. 'WlIllarn0 Pink Pills I do not be- •
ilove that I would alive toolly. 1
waeotrteicen with that terrible /titra-
tion. portiol paralysis, 1 had alma.
lntely ot) power in my right .a,rio or
'erg. I was not able tp Sit 11P-^111,
Mat if I tried to do so I would fall
over- bud to bo lifted like 11, 011114
anti mY family 4nd friends 'Whew('
death WAS very near. Mlle doctor
told that he could 1.10 nothing
me, teed that I was liable altany mot
ment to ilave a :second etroice which.
would earry me off. I wAs th10 de-
plorable condition, when I was ad-
vieed lute Dr. Williams' Pink Pills.
I aent for three baxeo and befort.
they' were ail used I could moye the
fingers on my hand, which haci hith-
onto been aboolutely nunub, anti Powi-
erleee. You- aan acareely imagine my
Joy at tate eonylocinas. proof that the
pills were belping me, From Ole on
I kept getting ,stronger and tile con-
trol of illy paralyzed limbs gradually
eaine back, untll I Was again able
to weak about and eventually to
work. ,Tio my neighbors my cure
Oman IlIce a miracle, as not one of
them ever expected to see me out
or bed again; I gladly give permleolott
to pablisli :the story of iny wire,
with the wish that it may bring line
and bop,e and activity to eine °other
:waterer,"
The cure of Mt. Craig- gives addi-
tional evidence that Dr. Williams'
Pink Pills are not an ordinary medi-
cine, and that their power to cure
In all troubles of the blood or nerves
places them beyond all other needle
%meg. You can get theee pale from
any mealoino dealer or aireet by malt
OA: 50 cents a bax or six boxes. for
$2,50 by writivg The Dr. 'Williams'
Medicine Co., Brookville, Ont. See
that the full name "Dr. Williams'
Pink Pills for Pale People" is print-
ed On the wrapper around every box.
tering the back of one and the hand of
another. They all hid in a barn two
miles from ahe scene of the shooting and
one of the band removed a bullet from
the back of another with a penknife,
This "Yegg" after arrest was suspect -
ea of having a bullet in hie shoulder and
told a police official if he thought he
could find it there to have a surgeon cut
him open and made a search 4or it,
There was a partly healed wound which
the surgeon examined, and before using
the knife spoke of administering a drug
et using the X-ray. This the "Yegg"
would net listen to, but told the sur-
geon to go on with his operation with -
gut drug or light, which he did, without,
of epurse, discovering tbe bullet, but
during the entire operation the "Yegg"
evhe stood with folded hands, never
winced. When the bullet was not found
the "Yegg" asked the pollee if they were
satisfied, and remarked that they would
some day find out how and where the
bullet was removed, which would help
convict' him. all of which did. occur.
• Another Time, after an exeltange of
shots, between 'a band of "Yeggmen"
and a. posse, .a ."Yegg" leader WAS cap-
tured and carried wounded to jail. To
induce aim to give up his associates a
coat was riddlea with bullets and. cov-
ered with blood, which was shown him.
He was informed one of his pals was
badly wounded and dying in the hos-
pital, that he had confessed and was
now unconscious. Members of the posse
told the leader they had decided to give
him a chance. He loked at them curi-
ously for a time and then remarked:
"You'd better give the dying man a
chance, he needs it; no confession for
mine,"
They frequently carry away wounded
associates, shot in conflicts with officers
or a posse, and care for them until they
recover. The last request of George
Collins, a "Yegg" who murclerad one of
our detectives in Missouri just before he
went to the scaffold to be hanged, was
that a band be engaged to play The
Wearing of the Green, as he "passed in,"
as be put it. .
Altogether, they are a lawless, mur.
derous class, and the sootier steps are
- taken to entirely exterminate them by
makieg the nenalty for their crimes
most severe the better it will be for the
community at large.
I take this occasion of thankine ' on
behalf of the American Bankers' Asso-
ciation and ourselves, many members of
this association for the always ready
assistance they have lent in aiding in
the apprehension of many men of this
class for crimes committed outside of
their jurisdiction and for the ready as-
sistance they have Oven in identifying
many previously unknown members of
the "Yegg" burglar bands.
It pays to buy the best, and Wil-
son's bay pads are the best fly killers
i made.
COVER CROPS FOR ORCHARDS.
When and How to Sow—The Beet
Sort s.
Ottawa, June 23, 1904.
On May 17th, the Dominion Fruit In-
spectors- met in the orchard at the Con-
trol Experimental Perm ancl discussed
2% igolien apart at the nits of SO the per
eery, neve received two oultivatious
and by the end of the first weak Aug-
ust the plants were lo,tweeu the rows.
By fieWIng earlier,AsiathiA 048e, 4
ter stand nta,y be obtained, anti. hy cut-
tivatIon moisture is conserved while the
plants are getting established. Tweut.y
pounds per acro sown in drills in this ++4.04-4-4++444-44-44-++++++++++++++.444+++++++++++++.4++4,7
way were found quite sulfielent to plaice N. 804. tearayettep awl lltaf bla hurled dowu 04 it at Ono% 1:13011
A g.00d cover.
There Was Praetleal).7 Intl/100a of eigs a tlay Is leer average areuhro riNo tett:
u
PO injury from mice where cover crime aata. That aayte walla watioe 2 608 And lo With& fig
tonrs—abiltket as ;welt 4ki the ton- Per 0011t. of the eat e aeons. pro-
duce! by all the (4.ports of the
tow of tt United States oluisei
were- used, as their depreaateans Were
prevented by using either ordinary bantl-
ing paper or wood, veneers. No fruit
grower should neglect having a cover
trap as a floe hearing °reliant in bare
soil might be deetroyed whieb would
have been saved bad there been a cover
crop. Proof of tois was fun/Ad bet the
great "freeze" in lassex County in 1899.
The seed for the cover crop 611°01 be
sown, if possible, when the gromul is
moist, as m tbe summer the seea will
germinate quiekly if there is moisture.
After the seed is sown the land should.
he rolled os this will briog the moisture.
to the surface said about the seed and
hasten germination. It is importent to
get growth started good time, ea
there ls sometimee a protracted drought
in July mid August, widen prevents. ger-
mination and spoils the prospect foe a
good cover crop. In districts where
the conservation, of moisture ie import.
- ant the cover erop should be tune(' Un-
der as soon as pc seible 10 the spring told
in some parts plants evbich wer Killed by
wintee are preferred as there is no loss
of moisture through them in spring.
Leguminous plants we, on the whole,
best for cover crops its they take ni-
trogen from the air, but often oats and
rape are used to good advantage.
airORXMAN WORSHIPS HIS TOOfsa
Festival of Sri panchani, Singular March
merchant arose to leitiet the eause of all a preacher is a "sky guide," a lawyer While No. .2 was %waged at burghtry note and nitrogen; and to act as a eateli ,
the commotion oft the street one of the is a "mouthpiece," a rafirotta tieket or work he was arrested ana sent to prison 0.00 in auturnti to ereyeet el e e
'"Yegg outside:re" immeattately openal , begging card is a "docket," a policeman for a long term, A third member of plea fooa made ay`ctilable di tintign-the '
I
are on him, They shoot to kill any ote i with it reputation for using te night- the tribe. then began where the second tounmen He recontmended, at: the beet
who interferes. stick is a "sapper," a freight trait is a left off, in the stipport of the 'that mem, geoeral practice for growers, cultivating
To remedy this growing evil an effort "rattler," nn express train is a "aart- betas family, eantinuieg so until the first the soil until near or about the, middle
Atonal be, Pilule to 'Mice the Legislative gler," alcoliblic driukers aro "white member was released,. with a eonsider- of July when the trees have made most '
-of emelt state enaet a law makilig the liners," silver money is "kink." a Jail ably larger family to support than wilco
penalty most severe, even to life Morns. is n, dump," so is n. lodging -house; nitro- Ire begat: servieg his term. i of their growth arid do not need 80
• • a
much moisture, and then seeding clesvo
mime/14 for bureente who Atte& with glycerine is "soup," fuse is "swabs," ft Tiler° laity° been some exeeptional in-
to CoMmon or Mammoth Rea etover,
a high explosive bank. vault or safe ih money drawer is it"ellip," a steel eltest stanees wherein the "Yegg" displayed
itowe broadettst at the tate of la los
ri, building, especially where it is proved is a "lohister," a pressure -bar vault or grit and t (Toe. In ours escapade a fight
or with Hairy Veteh at the
People oectipied the building at the thee safe is referred 10 00 a "harnessed box." 6118110(1 between a town watchman and Pea aete,
rate of 20 to 40 lbs per acre. Sown at
the Attack was made, or wbere the et- i itrrested is "Mehra," sentenced is "set- e band Who were about to rob a heatk,
that time thetie plante usually make
titelcitig parties made free 1188 of fire- 1 tled,"' os settled for a ilVer ineane Nen^ when a number of shots Wert) exehanged,
Arms with intent to kin. A kW of tine ' teneed to fiVe Yeare imprisoomento vomiting in the • death of the night. a good. cover by autumn, At the Oen.
kind. in every state end territory of the "kiek" is a pocket, pania are "icons," watchman end the escape of the "Wm," tied Experiteental rarm Itairy Vetch
trniOrt %odd, I Nifty°, ultimately stamp trUi infOrrner is a "snitcloif.ete. two of whom were Shot, a bullet eit. Wars iltOVii .011 June Itith,' 1003, in Vila
Observance of India.
Of oll the many woralerful -sights in
that wondeidul land if Ueda, mine it
perhaps more etriking to the European
than the feetival of Sri Pauchane Pen -
chum is the god who. looks after the im-
plements •of thoee who have to work for
their living, and one day ettely in the
year. le eet ,apart to pey homage to
those impleeunts. The night before the
festival the meeheme poluilies up las.
implements. If he. is wont to look after aa -nada to Maxie% to 023- eggs in
_the year.
a gat %%tine, lie gives it st thorough
Uncle Sam leis figured up, not only
overhaul, or if he be a carpenter or a
all the hens of laying agabet all the
weaver, or a blacksmith, he makes hist
tho Atinnta. meat produat% frog) the 14'0 tiyil
wiluo induetri41 comuratto00 ",z1 to the isteak, 411.1 the valasttelit
114411014 (4'1"I`Iticill8 bay.° /1°14 Pul." 1.12nfat tilepTotti.ruottau alijo"3 be'sgagt44.444
alopg autuble priltanY• and 03Jbo prOdUCtix that are --exporteti annual.
lin attention tile ben Itu.s treratelled
,„. 1:14Now -throw in the remote anluvi
b°atell' eve"11° recQ1.4 " 1C311 ly—hoofe, hoer s br'sgas, bogey, and
illuY1,1ceutati,tyfolla, sitlitovirsoaeoluros no: t1010.,braignoredilest! ,ovuln cfluwe iltvinefrg
lavilireclAI;Teer7.)1Ptorioast o0xf tiCrcrat(trhdPbP!oPtsleanorill aenycla,nwlilt.311
all these allies, the mites can beat
the poultry aild poultry predaets by
anlY f:ftecil millions or dollar%
Not so many years ago, In the
nildst ot a battle over tariffs, the
whole couotry was shalom by tho
fight over wool, and it was well
worth while, for the wool proOuct
amounts to forty-five ond three-
quarter millions or doietre annually"(
Vat the pealtry sold la 4, year
.beanadisthetliectxtgo bbymtnietethyy-onnienetinyl.lellieoril
and a half millions or dollars.
aud all tho world's antinal procillett
shores, from goats
tliat have in turn efanineroanIoin
oceo and Switzerland to leather front
flr:mr.v 1..Phia4tee fewa:ItIleireer, 10;11tiledri nt 01)14:3a4:1-1
tained, including even glovett, made
the elieeees from every land, eaen
Chino—they aggregate $127,000,5.521
in value, loss than half the volue of
eitiokeos and eggs.
lo 0110 your.
The good end silver mines of the
country aren't worth mentioning ln
metuparisoe wetb the *ample blvd.
only ones> in fir ty years Ime the value
of the go4 Bliver Of the United,
States beaten the value of it& eggs.
Eigures Pannot give any idea of -
the enormous value of this Alneri-
eatt citizen, for tele figures .are too
big to bring delight or undevetand-
ing to an,v ono OX0ept beeltattea
and violent ,statiotleian. roe in-
wattneo, what (toes 23ii,598.005 meaa?'
that 1.8 '1110 number of ehickents Of
lat log, ago lo the Milted States, am-
cerditig laet census, sabloil
onumeralett tiaan as well as the rest
ot
Tile value In dollars of that noble
aggeegatien le,,ying talent was
*70.000,000.
The woutierful Hoek or laieas laid
more thou one and ene-aaaataa ba-
llot, dozen of eggs in one year. Thle
tenet dream—not even that kind Of
a dream whieb begins "it la esti-
mated," laor those figuree are not
estimated. .T.liey are exact statis-
ties eoileeted througe the varioue
taParttuent.s of tee Government day
XI; le almost sad to tbink of the or-
gonauts and all their 'strivings and
battles and paselens, and of the Al-
aelcan adventurero, wlth their Mon-
delcos and Menses, their ripping open
IV d'17: ag "'a' e'gfP %vier° I'll; l'a "13 egainet ice and blizzard . and wiltler-
marecto , or tee frozen North itself, tbetr war
ness for gold, when we study the lit-
•
Teat wouid %ratio every manevo- ale .seveneia.eund jam and discover
M'Ail aati al0.14 La ti" °':)(altr-V" fl'c'Pl that all the gold ana sliver that en-
itlioicsuilt'ra.:...1fie to the Atlantic, and from gineers and unnere and sluices and
dynantite and thundering stamp
mills have wrested. from a whole con -
value, Year by year, the value of the
tinent do not equal In combined
of all agee tn. the country,
tools bright and lays them oat for the ttny, white ov.0,1 tbat Is gathered in
not Beam...cling either the broileve or
coming morn. aprons and baskets every morniug In
1 the imple- the litethueetalus that peur into, the
On the day of the festive lon.„, ' every bamiet witbout a eingle ad-
o,. market after a well spent and
motets are festooned with flowers
IV? ...to parse On the *tails n„s awing; '
at venture that is taortb the telling.
other decorations, told during the day I Ordy in one year—tha.t of le® —
ejuAes.""a49.1...cauit or his count be finds .
the religious minded IIindn offers data- ,
since records were kept by the Gov -
ties to hie tools, particularly sweet-
tnlIiie-intbstlriVinenni
meats. While lie offees the sweets he. nthae ilgunaitiettielS. taaftes '
a i American mines ccluel .beat the hen.
eminent has it happened thattbe
itrYt101a1
mutters prayers, invoking success to his
(bialon-eti5O,681,50a,to be exa,et. Ana ;In that exceptional year the pree-
future labor. thus metals were ahead by *9,1.600, -
It is wouderftil how the sweetmeat
give every inhabitant of this country i u0u•
tile wtitto is $85,800,00U —0.nough to ! „
entere into the life of the Hindu. It is
, a littler more than $1.12 a,s hie slia,re I Even in the ages of gold, when gal -
eaten out of all proportion to his other.
if they were sold for tlie account of loon after galleon boee Ixont Af-
food; but then, an Indian. sweetmeat is
rico, and the golden Ameriewe waen
a sweetmeat. Many a Hindu family lives th°
(Rona .antot eo -the bang. et egg_ buccaneers built pirate eitieo front
entirely on eonfeetione, and the latter do
imeang age alone, and leaving vat the spells, when the rich of the earth
not carry with taiem the surfeit expert -
the tender infante that are mos. eon_ eicounted their/ wealth, not by ounces,
enced after an overdose of butterscoteh
The Mayans, and Halwi castes rnake the.
elanse men iind that theta. induetri-
enunpore axiat net p"odaperu, Uncle
owe and noneetriking workeret have
produced almout 21.17,000,000 in the
rorm of markettlease progeaa and a,
little more than 2 144,000,a00 worth
of eggs, The exwo t total of 1. heir pro-
duction in .dollesers ie 22.81,178,217.
And that, on the oreginal value -
costly. 6041110 of the confections nee teen or the .plaait of $70,000,000,
eic411fiecolnixtr,kkopinialTetailieanabancilmirvIelarilzlyedeon:iinset, shop's; knocked into a cocked leaa the
meant) that the American lien hag
setrrenanmg, sentch.t,tiforniesd nifn s'n'ggl;Lit'.'. -ins. nbailtedwiilnl mines, manativeturing combination%
income producing capacity; oi trust%
thus be seen that the Hindu, in -offering Wail street and ones except the wild.
sweete to bis implements and hie gods„ eflt 1: reaikq of speculative etock, for
does the hest within his *power to pay the ineonte pet:Weed by, -the hen is
homage to that which brin
wheresvi lei e boa rgi ag the' telt i (Iv eist.
gs bun the 4LOntp, ell-viol:1ln t
a,* 0finttel
After the o
thal to live.
tiering, the various castes 178,947 lett over for pin money..
congregate together, eat the sweets and If a; Person could -gat a bird'a eye
hold bigh holiday. The 'higher castes, view. 0± the ehlaping poet's of thie
innong whom are numbered the Govern- countres on any day in the year, he
ment clerks, etc., pay homage to the would see drovee ad -cattle, hors:es and
items 'by winch they get their living. At mulee go 'thundering ep gangplanks°
hauled in slinge up -the
an altar on -the roof of elle buildings in iddev a snlPs. •
otroaan, into s•Iiirse at wharves in Bow -
and being
one ceremony some thirty clerks erected
which they work. The altar was made Steers and eowo by; thousands
ton, Naw York and Baltimore. Mules
of an old packing %tee, draped with pa -
and horses in unending procession
per, and surmounted by a latge bottle of
day aftur day go into shim in all
ink. Around tbe bottle were placed. pen -
the ports along the conset from:
bolders, nibs, sealing wax, •envelopes,
Portland, 151e„ to Galveston, Tex,
blotting paper, and last, bat nob leant,
And still more herd% go into istill
red tape. The clerks marched. reverently
more alape on the Pacific falba-es.
iuk bottle, .etc., offering them
Criseacroosing one a,nother, north,
gifts ef food awl coins, ehe service eon -
to the
estate await' and weet, all over the
eluding, as usnal, with a feest of sweet-
continutnt, rash traine filled with
meats. Only certain castes may eat of
the sweetmeats offered by other castes tit em, n cat only. day 31,0 ter day, bu 1
to the gods.
night, with never a SF:widen never
tinendiugly, through the day and the
It is laid down, for instance, that tt
a, botkittes to give theovhirling whaele°
any kind of food in the house of a. Stoke
Brahmen mutt avoid, if possible, eating
and the :singing mile a momenta(
(artisan), and tbat sunder no eircuno
Ilogs, and sheep, and mules, ' and
siceeseity to honor the Snarae by ac -
that all that joatling, never ceasing
aeat.
stances is he to eat any food -cooked with
oo‘ws, and steers and hollow— eoune
water and. salt by a Sudra, or tom -heti
thene, watch them trampling, rutell-
by a Sudra. after being cooked. On the
ing to: elle eea, and then `turn to tho
other band, the lower classes of the
gathered by the 0009110 and
Brahmans are sometimes eotnpelled by figures.
the Treasury Deparfment and find
eepting their bospitality, and even then
Stream. of great brutes from millions
they eat only uncooked 0 god, or such
of aeree of Bottum :duet) not amount
by the host. The prejudice against eat- in value to one -grouter of the
food ne is cooked by Brahmans supplied
value
ing food that has been tonahed by one ot Gm ego laid by; the little hens
of an inferior easte is very strong, end And if you add the value of tho
every Hindu family that can afford a lien herself to the value of the egg%
employs a Brafunanats he that whole aggregation of Homo and
cook generally
hoote, all thee* tons 'of flesh, will
belongs to the higheet caete.
It is interentiog to note that among not arnount In wane to one-eighth of
the "clean" Smiles; are weavers, gwoet- wbset fowts and ego are worth.
18W1.01) your eye over the vaset
meat makers, ironsmitbs, goldsmiths, Now
copperstnithe, braziers, earpelder0, tai- eaten 1 of <continent 1 ram the :great
lora mut grain pexchere. Among the raticilea under the Rocky Mountains,
manufactueing„ owl artisan casitee tliat over the Veins oe Tex:1e, over the do -
met ins of mile tent and Waugh ter
are fegardea as "unelean" Writs are
housea from Omaha, to Chicago.
brewer& tun drawers and sellers °of spite
ituoes liquoes, oil manufacturers, salt Take in with it the innuenee city
met or t'12 pogo Itself, sviab its duchies
manufacterers, leather wotkere,
abati o rs and factories tend labor a -
workers end basket makers, Barbers: are
toriee, anti warehouses tend shops,
aelleimlly regarded a8 "unclean," and
and railionel yai di and wharfs, and
islindrymen are imequivocaly clessed in
plants—al: devoted to
the same lot, the idea being that 'they refrigclatOr
het c ft, lot of dirty evaelang to (lo. Cer. og lout to n. thouetenel USQ8. hide,
rizing the thong batts,1: and conVert-
tain domestic servants are also clamed
Take In the roadu that bear miles
borne, hoofe, tallow and meat.
as eineleam."
1 m es full of that product, wttre-
A person may loae caste by. embrecing 0, a
houses %tattered along a thousand
Christianity or Mohammedanism, by go.
Intim; 01 land, warebouses frointing
ing to Europe or America. by marrying
every naolgabis (look oa the oceans;
a widow. by publicly throwing away the
all stiOieti 08 full as they can hold,
sacred thread, by publicly °eating beef, rat teiseato r eh: tie I hat are mor stars,
food eooltemi by a Mohammedan, Chris. wateu them tear through ilie seas or
pork or fowl. by publicly eating Imola
Han or low Class Hind.% officiatuig as ft the world, floodiog the ports front
priest in the Mose of a very low eittee Isontion to eangeetmee,
Sinlra, end, if a women,eby immorality. And then 11.01150 ge baek to the
dua-coiored cackler that roosts in
—London Daily Express.
_ ti ty ramshackle) loom ,F4 an 1 (!rOr Et 1 er
13KBV LAUOHS. golden egg Into Any old box that
Um formera hap/slog ta have pieloti
im Will behold, all the tone ot can -
confections, and the delicacies are highly
prized by classas of people in India—
so much so teat the demend for them
by the poorer families is limited only
by their means. The dainties manufac-
tured and sold by ate Halevis require
very considerable skill, and are very
taby laughs when moth0r gives tied toot fregii nod welted brief, all
11101 Baby's Owe Tablets they taste the Jai ow, all 1.11s baeo and bolos,
good and make him well ahd happy. all the catin. nal 9:1140 and fr. se
They aro -mother's help and baltyas pork, aii the catigig• meat, Sea, aid
ovary (lay friend. Guaranteed to all the etologs for thos,, sonsig.,s,
contain no opiate or hareaful drug. and th hun 0 11 1.1-gi that :Ira
The tobleto aid .efigeetion, enre ton, silted at; the rattan, of the mai Int8.
lc, prevent diarrhoea, elietnee the tle, 111.111,, s 1,, 1 mos; Os
bowels, allay teethirg irritation and I elite ot lotosuotiva and elle ana tx.
oure all ilie eommo.1 illo or obIlil-iroeted by lite dr (1 di f r 01 11)(o(
hood, No cross, sleepless children I r ,11 t co) not tom, wi Ifin
in homes where, nanyte Own Tablet; isto 18 of the weatet or °age late ditr.-
orn used. Itlr.4, nenb'gh,11:g the yeor 1.1 11o, United 'States.
Ont., arise; "1 don't know what.. For ilia weight 1)11 thoie animal
11 giltr 11001‘10 cum give rtalibta'a evolnete ie °MY 84a,S(la -tome and
Own Tablets than to say would, tho 'Weight or the ono en°1 quer,.
olot withont theta In the 1)05180,1 ter 1)11.0 I dozens of eggs, at the
1 lintel fonnd them all that' le elalinea ,avereg, net 11...o* eight t ) the po.it d,
and keep them on hand to meet oily is 01.4;121 10 e.
emergcLoy." Soli by oli 100(110111(11. That woull exit: gukh '01;1 ent'ro
dealers everywhere, or snot by 1 tiro.tod Atotta navy from ittarsirgo
At 125 (tents by writing The Dr. Wit- nod Alnlyanot novo to tho tiritost toe.
liellest Met -110'0o Co., Drool:v(11e, Ont. pod() boat. rf all the yolk welt to
but by legote and bars —even then
all the gold and stayer that the
whole woled could produce from hero-
. !sphere to hemisphere, never came
up in value to the combined value
of the poultry .and eggs.of the 'United
States In the yea.r past.
Since America iw,as discovered,
there have been only tw,o years -1898
and 1899—when the poultry and the
poultry products fell below the work
of all the mines of the world oom-
ble.ed.
In the tormer, the mlnes outdid tbe
hen tos almost 26,000,000. In the lat-
ter year, a wonderful year for te,old
and silver ohtptut, almoet 220,000
marked the excess over the value of
the poultry( products. ' .
' Of course., tno hen .coukl PatYl tor
n. whole war with her peaceful endue -
try in a year. More thaz thats she
helped. to feed an armee throughout
one reeent bitter war that shook a.
continent. That wiee in South arloa.
. Newspapers and magazines,. and
books were full of the battles; but
nobody: tnentioned that ail tee time,
the chickens of Mesmer' were feed-
ing the, British armee where it lay
in battle array, They fed it with
with crestallized egge, and thamore
Tommy! Atkins ate., the noire the
illeesituri hen lead,
And 'yet the State of Afieeauri holds
only 'sixth place among -American
',States In point of egg productIon.
Ohio is fleet amongt helm Missouri
leads in CI:token.% and Ohio leas to
take third pia%) in- that respect. •
Ohio's leadership in eggs is in point
tittauttatie of dollars. In the tuniber of
dozene, Iowa is the leader of them;
all; bat elle holds. only secwad place
In the number off chickens owned.
Nevada, hatiat (elate got down to
the obicken yet. She has less than
airy other ltate. Bat she got the
highest price for her eggs, for :dur-
ing the typal', her average wag; 120
8-10 cente a. dozen,
Scarcity; of .eggs does not explain
high pieces alwayle, for Montana
leads eleven other Statea in egg 'Pro-
duction and 'yet got the second high-
est average Pelee, p.0 6-10 cents a
d°2114"ge. ' were ;cheapest in Texas,
,
where they feollt 7 7-10 cents a, kozon
lillanseelvielf.kom has figured out exact-
ly. what tlie, average price a. dozen
bate been for a ylear andle finde that
It was 11 15-100 eenIts a Omen. Then
why, oh, why, aro eggs .90 high when
,you buy 'them to eat. ,
'Uncle: Sant ond, all Ids mon retpect-
fully &reline to artawer, Tele Cen-
sue Bureau and the Treaeuree Depart-
ment and the Treaaar,y3 Department
and the aleteretara; of the 'Interior
alingdivn%Ittvelitt wind up tliS big won-
,
der story of the Amerioan hen anti
her true tate Amerie.an egg, here is
a. little wonder etory. It ie about
Alaska.
The oensue man went into Alaska
and found all tbe bent. 11 Wa9 a
hard Job to :Ind them, but not a bit
bard to tonnt the total; for there
were only 176 fowls In all Alaska, on
June ist, 1000.
A. man tould have put alit he hens
of the countess into a cart and car-
ried them with ease. Their 001/1baled
Vatur. was 2100.
Mt that little. pocket edition of a
, ono year or. $530—$3G0 for eggeithd
1
benneess with its little toy -shop
ottpital, prodneed a 'total lneoiree ln
1 $170. 1 . l I lc) -
Ego were high there. TbeY ace
eraged 43 cents; a dozen. Illie thick-.
tins that were hatched and entd av-
tusirte,,,vilnienc141... ion,ft:thi.nIgt envitnaltabealielkeoilltii
point of peroentage of l_neoine. :
' yointrIllsonllseTtiltlins,161:indeeollnOtapateokettlenott
Wilson's Fly Pade will do it,
ora.441.1..4444144•••••
laariette Stoties of it Tornado,
(Kansas City douregula
One of the frea.ks of the MerhersOn
tornado was to lift rt. lawn ond tarry 14
• away without Nation, or disturbing flvti
1 horses which stead "within it on the
thrt floor. Another \Vas the flight of a
house some distimee, and its holding lupe
team doWn Without breaking a single Min-
doW.
