HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Wingham Advance, 1906-11-01, Page 3s.
SCOTTISH POISONiNG TRIAL.
A Famous Case of Circumstantial
Evidence.
(From the Spectator.)
Eugene Isearie Chantrelle, a Frenchman
bern at Nantes its 1834, had received a
regular medical training, but had never
obtained any professional qualifications;
and after a stormy and wandering youth
he had settled down in England as a
teachero
of modern g, A
I n ua a
a ebou • tthe
g
year 1860 he proceeded in his capacity
to Edinburgh, where he rapidly acquiree(
a lucrative connection, Soon after his
arrival he became unduly intimate with
one of his pupils, a girl barely sixteen,
whom he married in August, 1868, two
months before the birth of their first
child. From the first the marriage was
most unhappy; the husband was repeat-
edly and ostentatiously unfaithful to his
child wife. Ile "beat her, kicked her,
caned her, cursed her." More than once
she had to invoke the protection of the
law, and she was only restrained Brom
petitioning for a divorce by dread of the
scandal and exposure. Chantrelle sank
into habitual intoxication. Itis classes
fell off, and pecuniary difficulties were
added to the wife's other miseries. The
husband's
ureic her hu s
only redeeming feat
conduct was lois uniform kindness to the
children, two little boys, 10 and 8 years
old at the time of Mme. 'Chantrolle's
death, and a baby borff a few months
before that advent.
On New Year's Eve, 1877, Mme. Chan-
trelle was in the usual good health
which she had enjoyed in spite of her
wretched life. Her husband's behat'ior
had been less brutal since the birth of
the youngest child. The family dined
happily together at their house in
George street, and a bottleeie champagne
was opened in honor of the festive sea-
son. On New Year's day she was unwell,
but from purely natural causes. She had
no appetite, suffered from sickness, and
retired early to bed. About 10 o'clock
the servant of all work, Mary Byrne,
came in to wish her goad night and saw
a tumbler three parts full of lemonade
on a small table by the bedside.
At her mistress' request she peeled an
orange for her and left it there on a
plate with a few grapes. An hour or so
later M. Chantrelle entered the apart-
ment, stayed talking with his wife, and
then retired to the adjoining bedroom,
evhieh he shared with the two boys, tak-
ing the baby with him, for fear it might
disturb the mother's rest. e
The next morning Byrne came down
shortly before 7, and while she was tidy-
ing up the kitchen she heard moans pro-
ceeding from her mistress' bedroom up-
stairs. Hastily entering? for the door
was about a foot open, she found mad-
ame lying in bed with the bed clothes
partially off her, unconscious, "awfully
pale looking, her eyelids closed," and
now and again "moaning very heavily"
The girl roused her master, and between
them they tried, though without success,
to awaken the sleeper. At last, after
considerable delay, Chantrelle went off
to summon Mr. Carmichael, a. general
practitioner in the neighborhood, who
arrived at 8.30, to find Mme. Chantrelle
"profoundly and completely unconsci-
ous." There was a strong escape of gas
in the room, though Byrne swore after-
ward that she had noticed nothing of
the sort on her earlier entry. The doc-
tor ordered the immediate removal of
his patient into the front bedroom, set
to work to promote artificial respira-
tion, and, with Chantrelle's consent, de-
spatched a card to Dr. (now Sir Henry)
Littlejohn, the eminent toxicologist, beg-
ging him to come at once "if he would
like to see a case of coal gas poisoning."
On his arrival in an hour's time the lat-
ter formed the gravest view of the case.
At his suggestion Mrs. Chantrelle was
conveyed to the Royal Infirmary, where
she died about 4 o'clock, without having
recovered consciousness. A post mortem
examination conducted the next day by
Drs. Maclagan and Littlejohn failed to
reveal the cause of death, and the ap-
pearances discovered were not, in the
opinion of the doctors, consistent with
gas poisoning. The customary bright
patches on the skin were wanting, the
blood showed perfectly normal under the
spectroscope, while in examining the
lungs and the cavities of the body not
the faintest odor of coal gas could be
perceived.
The relations between Chantrelle and
his wife were sufficiently notorious in
Edinburgh, and immediately on quitting
the )rouse in George street, Dr. Little-
john, who was surgeon to the police of-
fice, had sent to request the gas com-
pany to inspect the premises. One of
true gasfitters noticed in the •architrave
of the window in Mme. Chantrells' bed-
room a place from wbich a gas bracket
had been removed, and on opening the
shutter ho discovered a pipe loose be-
tween the architrave and the wall. On
inspection the pipe Was found to be
'Broken, and from the hole the gas, when
turned on at the meter, escaped freely;
a piece of piping about two inches long
was on the ledge at the foot of the shut-
ter, and had evidently been :wrenched off
by bending bacleward and forward; the
break was quite fresh, and could not
have been caused accidentally. Dr. Lit-
tlejohn had been convinced that ulnae.
Chantrelle was suffering from the effects
of narcotic poisoning, and when the post
mortem proved nugatory he sought tlhe
cause in another quarter. Both on the
nightgown of the deceased and on the
sheets of the bed were certain stains
caused apparently :by vomited matter.
These were cut out and submitted to
examination, but not until the police
had discovered, locked up In one of the
rooms, enough shims to stools a surgery,
including various preparations of chloral
and extracts of opium, both fluid and
solid, On .Saturday, Jan. 5, immediately
after his wife', funerel, during which
he displayed the most edifying
emotion,
Chantrelle Vas arrestee azul lodged in
the Calton prison. A fortnight later
Dre. Littlejohn and Maclagan reported
that chemical annlysie of the contents
of the stomach and other organs of the
deceased revealed no traces of poison,
vegetable or mineral; but they found
on the sheet and bedgown indisputable
evidence of the presence of opium, ac-
colnapnied in each ease by portionsof
grapes and orange, substances which had
been previously recognized in the con•
tents of the stomaoh. Their analysis
was confirmed by Messrs. Crum Brown
and Fraees, professors respectively of
chemistry and materia medico in the
University of Edinburgh.
Chantrelle was tried before Lord Jus-
ticeClerk MoncrieffonMay. TheC t 7
pro-
secution was conducted by te Lord d-
vocate, afterward ']lord Watson; the
Solicitor -General, Mr. J. H. Macdonald,
now Lord Kingsburgh, and Messrs. Muir -
head and Burnet, advocates depute. For
the prisoner appeared Mr„ afterward
Lord, Trayner; Mr., now Lord, Robert-
son, and the present Lord Advocate,
Ifr, Thomas Shaw. As is well known
Scotch criminal procedure admits of no
openil'g speech from counsel, and the
jury have to wrestle as best they may
with the apparently disconnected facts
as they accumulate. The relevancy of
much of the earlier evidence is liable to
be missed, and when, as in the Ardla-
mont case, the Crown opens with a mass
of complicated financial details, fifteen
good men and true are bewildered in a
fog, from which they do not always
emerge.
In Chantrelle's trial, however, the evi-
dence fell automaticaly into logical and
consecutive order. allary Byrne was clear
as to the absence of any smell of gas
when she entered her mistress' bedroom;
she first noticed it on returning thither
after her master had sent her off to see
if the baby was crying, and as she open-
ed the door she saw him corning from
the window where the broken pipe was
afterwards discovered. Byrne also swore
that the lemonade in the glass had been
nearly all consumed since she loft it
the night before and that one of the
quarters, or "liths," of orange had dis-
appeared from the plate. She was con-
fident that the dark steins on the bed
linen were not there when she said good
night. Evidence was called that among
the frequent threats of violence to his
wife Chantrelle bad boasted that he
knew a way 0f poisoning her wleich de-
fied detection. He had not only insured
her life recently for £1,000 against acci-
dent, but he had made particular in-
quiries whether "accident" included
death after partaking of unwholesome
dishes such as toasted cheese. The date
of taking out the policy (November,
1877), coincided with the purchase of a
particular extract of opium, of, which
am trace could be found among the dings
in his possession, and during the closing
months of the year he was being dunned
for small bills and was in debt to the
tune of over £100. Not the least Pa-
thetic incident in the trial was the evi-
dence of the prisoner's ten -year-old son,
a "strange unchildish elf," who nursed
his baby brother, tried to comfort his
Mother, and was the good spirit of that
unhappy household.
' My papa and manna got on well
sometimes. I don't know any reason why
they did not get on well. He called her
bad names. 1 never heard him swear at
her. Mamma never used bad words to
him. Mamma left the rom when he used
bad words and sometimes she cried. 1
also cried. sometimes when he did so.
I have seen him strike her. He struck
her with his hand on the side of the
head.
The Crown admitted that no traces of
opium were to be found in the body,
and relied entirely upon the analysis of
the linen stains, but their medical wit-
ness insisted that it would have been
idle to expect to find vestiges of so eas-
ily absorbed a narcotic twenty-four
hours after it had been swallowed. The
prisoner had been the last person with
his wife on the evening before she died,
and he had enjoyed full opportunity of
closing the fruit, and possibly the lemon-
ade, with extract of opium. The "de-
claration" "emitted" by him in Scotch
fashion consisted largely of groundless
charges of infidelity against his wife.
IIe insisted that she had been poisoned
by an escape of gas which, so he said,
completely filled her bedroom.
Mr. Trayner's speech was vigorous ant
ingenious, but unconvincing. Ise prac-
tically limited himself to contending that
the prosecution had not made out their
case- "Ito was not there to say that
Mme. Chantrelle died from poisoning by
coal gas; he wits not there to say from
what she died; but he was there to say
site did not die from opium administered
to her by the prisoner." Incidentally
be labored to prove that the bulk of
the medical evidence, as well as the facts
of the case, were favorable to the gas
hypothesis, and that the attempt to
bring home the severance of the gas
pipe to the prisoner had failed. But
his main lines of defence were negative
—that a majority of the common symp-
toms of poisoning by opium were absent,
both during the unconsciousness of the
deceased and on her post-mortem exam -
inaction; that the length of time for
which Mme. Chantrelle had survived was
entirely contrary to the usual course of
.5colY'.r Emtticion.
NOW:
A Boston schoolboy was tall,
weak and sickly.
His arms were soft and flabby.
He didn't have a strong muscle in his
entire body.
The physician who had attended
the family for thirty years prescribed
.S`cott's Emulsion.
NO'W :
To feel that boy's arm you
would think he was apprenticed to a
blacksmith.
ALL DRUGGISTS* tlOo. AND 8i.o0.
To feel that arm you
would think he was apprenticed to a
blacksmith.
ALL DRUGGISTS* 80o. AND $1.00.
44YY404100Y'1I`Y'Yr!040•7`11"U'YYY
" nareoth, poleoning; that the tests to
which the linen *twine had been aub•-
jected were imperfect, and that, even
if they satisfied the jury ale to the pres-
ence of opium, they failed. utterly to
show that that substance had even been
in the mouth or stomach of the de-
ceased. Finally, he made it a strong
point that at any time be,$•ween the
h'eat'h and the funeral the prisoner could
have made away with the bed linen or
obliterated the stains. It was the
stock defence of a good advocate who
has little or nothing in the way of f.tet
to rely on and is driven to rebut hypoth-
esis by hypothesis,
Lord Monerief1 compressed intn an
hour and twenty minutes a charge on
which many English •Iudees would have
deemed a day well spent, Its deally
hope for 'loner
eft little t h o P It
1 P
every point in his favor reeeived its
timed eed of respectful consideration, but
the combination of eircuntstanees point-
ing• in one direction was overwhelming.
The jury were absent for little over the
hour, and unanimously found "the pan-
el guilty of murder as libelled." He re-
ceived sentence of death, and then, as
the macers were about to lift the trap-
door leading to the cells below, and be-
fore he could be checked by the Court,
Chantrcile had undone the main theory
of the defence by volunteering his con-
viction that the bed stains could proceed
from nothing but opium, "opium admin-
istered in a solid form" by some other
person than himself.
As 111 all eases of circumstantial evi-
dence an agitation was raised to pro-
of these
pro-
eure a commutation but
sentence, c ,
it failed to move Mr, Secretary Cross.
Chantrelle was hanged on May 31, with-
in the walls of Calton prison. The ex-
hortation of the worthy Scotch minis-
ter who attended him could produce no
confession or act of contrition. "He dies
and makes no sngn." Of his guilt there
is no ground for doubt, but, save in the
selection of a vegetable poison which
leaves no traces in the body of the vic-
tim, ho was a most -clumsy criminal. The
manufacture of evidence is a snare which
seldom fails to prove fatal to those who
employ it, and the breaking of the gas
pipe was a pieee of almost incredible
bungling. lead Chantrelle merely turn-
ed on the jet in the room where his wife
was lying stupified by opium, and then
shut the door, he would have prochlced
the desired symptoms without exciting
the smallest legitimate suspicion.
LACK OF ENERGY.
A Common Trouble Among Growing
Boys—A New Blood Supply is
Needed—Dr. Williams' Pink
Pills Actually Make
New Blood.
There are thousands of young sten
just approaching manhood who have
no energy, who tire out at the least
exertion, and who feel by the time
they ]ravedone their day's work as
though the day was a week long. In
some of these cases there is a further
sign of warning in the pimples and dis-
figuring eruptions which break out oa
the face. 'These aro certain signs that
the blood is out of order, and unless it
is promptly enriched, a complete break-
down or perhaps consuntption'may be the
result All these young hien should take
Dr. Williams' Pink fills. These pills ac-
tually make rich, red, blood, clear the
skin of pimples and eruptions, and bring
health, strength and energy. Here is a
bit of proof. Adolphe Rolland, St: Jer-
ome, Que., is a young man of 9 years,
who says: "For more than a year 1
suffered front general weakness, and 1
gradually grew so weak that I was forc-
ed to abandon my work as a clerk. My
appetite failed me, 1 had occasional vio-
lent headaches, and I began to suffer
from indigestion. I was failing so ra-
pidly that I began to fear that consump-
tion was fastening itself upon me. Our
i family doctor treated me, but I did not
gain under his care. I was in a very
discouraged state when a friend. from
Montreal came to see me. He strongly
! advised me to try Dr. Williams' Pink
Pills. I did so, and inside of three
weeks I began to feel better, my appe-
' tite began to improve and I seemed to
have a feeling of new courage. I con-
tinued the pills until I had taken ten
boxes and I am now enjoying the best
of health I ever had. Aly cure surprised
' many of my friends who began to re-
gard me as incurable, and I strongly
advise other young men who are weak
to follow my example and give Dr. Wil -
1 liams' Pink Pills a fair trial."
There is no mystery about the cures
• Dr. Williams' Pink Pills make.. These
pills actually make rleh, red blood, which
braces and strengthens every organ and
every nerve in the body. That is why
these pills cure all common ailments like
1 anaemia, rheumatism, indigestion, neur-
algia, St. Vitus dance, headaches and
backaches and the special ailments of
1 women and growing girls. You can get
these pills from any dealer in medicine
or from The Dr. 'Williams' Medicine Co.,
, Brockville, Ont., at 50 cents a box or six
boxes for $2,50.
I • •_•
HOW TO HOUSE POULTRY,
1 If houses for poultry are to be built,
' attend to the matter at once, before
cold weather interferes with outside
work. Everything should be in readiness
for your flock by the corning of cold
weather. If you have 'houses already,
go over them and see that they are in
perfect repair.
In building the first thing to do is to
select a proper location. Tho ideal ono
is the south slope of a hill. The next hest
ono is a place protected from cold winds
by buildings on the' north and west. If
no facilities for shelter are at hand, the
north wall of the building moat be made
of extra thickness. Evergreen trees make
an excellent wind -break, and I would ad-
vise planting them for future protection,
no matter how thick you make the walls
of your house.
Be very sure that whatever location
you select has perfect drainage. This is
a matter of the greatest importance.
Leading poultrymen agree that more
sickness among fowls originates from
dampness than front all other causes.
More and more the opinion grows among
practical t.oultrygrowers that the best
house for fowls consists of a closed
room, in which they may roost, lay and
remain ire,cold weather if they choose
to do so,'"nnd a shed opening to the
eolith, where they can scratch and (sun
themselves to their liking. There should
be an opening between this shed and
the closed roost, through which the fowls
may have free egress during the day, but
which should be 'closed at night in colic
weather, and for the protection of the
henry from intrtulcrs. The shed floor
aboltld be covered with chaff, straw or
leaves, to tho depth of five or six inches.
If road dust or sand is mixed with it,
the better the fowls will be suited, If
grain is scattered ever the litter, the
fowls Will busy themselves eeratehing
for it, and this open-air exercise will be
a strong factor hi keepingthe flock
healthy. It will also result in a larger
�
yield of eggs, if an egg -producing diet
le elven in c'onnection with it. - -ltben w
Rexford in ''faking the Country Home,.
in° Tins Outing Magazines for October.
4
• ese e
.t
i)1!
HORSE INDUSTRY
OF ONTARIO.
INVESTIGATION BY THE ONTARIQ
DEPARTMENT OE' AGRICULTURE,
.1t the last session of the Legislature
1lie Minister of Agriculture secured an
appropriation for the purpose of making
en investigation into the condition of
the horse industry in the Province of
Ontario. This work is vow being un-
dertaken by the Department of Ar r•inetl-
ture of Ontario, and will be centmenced
early in October. The ohjeet of this in -
/,l fi
vestigation is to obtain information to
6'.r be used in deciding
Y as to the bet police
t
•. J t 1
tor
adopt
to}
encourage a more uh a tt heextensive
,•
t..r �i
F,
breeding of a better class of horses,
following are the principal points
which will bo considered in the course of
'e investigation:
1, The number, type, quality and breed-
ing of stallions and brood mares in the
Province.
2, What conditions have affected or
s are affecting the quality and number of
stallions and brood marcs in tite various
sections of the Province, and if the effect
• is for good whether or not the some con- 1
ditions could be applied in other sections,
and if tate conditions have not a good ,
effect what could be done to improve ;
t}lent.
3. What class of horses can most pro-
fitably be raised in different sections of
the Province a •
vines under the natural condi-
4. found in those sections,
4. The system of owning horses by a'
syndicate and any other plan at present
adopted in Ontario other than private
ownership.
5. The views of horsemen generally as
to the advisability of a stallion inspec-
tion act.
0. Suggestions from those interested
in the horse business as to what can
be done to improve conditions of the
horse business generally.
In order to procure this information
the Province will be divided into eight
districts. Two competent and expert i
horsemen have been selected and allotted
to each district. Front five to six weeks,
will be spent in each district by the com-
mittee appointed for that district. The
districts will be composed of a number
of counties grouped together, the rium-
her making up each district being de-
cided by the length of time required to 1
go through a county. Each county will
require from four to nine days. The
information regarding stallions will be
as detailed as possible, each stallion in
the Province being inspected, The in-
formation regarding mares cannot be got
so accurately, but a great deal of infor-
mation can be procured from the stal- •
lion owners in each district as to the 1
number, type and quality of the brood !
mares, the committee having an oppor-
tunity of confirming this by noting the
appearance of the mares seen while
Wm. Jones, Zenda; Peter Christie, M. travelling through the district. Regard -
P., Manchester (Oct. 9th to 25th).; ling the other matters of a more general
John A. Boag, Ravenshoe (Oct. 26th ;nature, information will be procured by
to Nov. 12th. t close observation and by conversation
Dr=P, Simeoe, York, with those met by the committee who
Ontario.
ict CIso.ommiSssionerseel—Thos. Mc- may have any knowledge of the local
Millan, Seaforth; Wm. Mossop, St, conditions.
Mary's. In addition to the work as above out -
District No. 0.—Hastings, Peterbor- pined, it is being arranged to have one
ough, Victoria, Durham, Northumber- public meeting in each county at some
land, Prince Edward. Commissioners --glut oentrall located,
and where a,
J. C. Clark, Ottawa; Jas. Irving, Win -!`special interest is taken in the horse in -
cheater. 1 dustry. The object of the meeting is
District No. 7. —Prescott, Russell .
Carleton, Renfrew, Lanark. Commis-1to give any person who so desires an
signers—W. F. Kydd, Simeoe; George opportunity of expressing his views to
Gray, Newcastle.
the committee. The meeting in each
District No. 8.—Glengarry, Dundas, .in that county..
county will be ]here' immediately after
Grenville, Leeds, Frontenac, Lennox, s the committee has completed the work
and Addington. Commissioners—H. S.'
Arkell. B. S. A., 0. A. C., Guelph; J. Sin-
clair, V. S. Cannington.
BABY'S GOOD DAYS.
1.,;.,• 7/
Faultless for Ladles
The more particular you are
about Underwear, the better you
will appreciate
Stmliele's
Truro E{i,.i1"
Uerwear
d
No inside seams—no bunching
around the waist or over the hips
—grateful to the skin—holds its
shape—warm yet light—and
guarantee(' unshrinkable.
Year dealer hes "Truro Knit." 82
HORSE INDUSTRY INSPECTORS.
Names of Those Who Will Make Exam-
ination for Government.
The Ontario Government has ap-
pointed the following experts to ex-
amine into the ]horse industry in On-
tario, and to commence work to -day:
District No. 1. — Middlesex, Essex,
Kent, Elgin, Laaubton. Comm4sreion-
et•s—Wm. Smith, Columbus; J. D.
Graham, Toronto.
District No. 2. --Halton , Wentworth,
Brant, Oxford, Norfolk, Haldimand,
Welland, Lincoln. Commissioners,— John
Gardhouse, Highfield; 4Vm. Cain, V. S.,
Perth.
Distriot No. 3.—Huron, Bruce, Grey.
Commissioners — H. G. Reed, V. S.,
Georgetown; Thomas Graham, Clare-
mont.
District N. 4. — Perth, Waterloo,
Wellington, Dufferin. Commissioners—
One of baby's :good days means that
your child is thriving and well. Baby's
Own Tablets brings all good days into
your clrild's life, for they make little
ones well, and keep them; well. Mrs.
Jos, Ferland, St. Tite des Caps; Que.,
says: "Since giving my little one Baby's
Own Tablets she has been in splendid
health, is growing plumper every day
and has beantiful rosy cheeks." These
Tablets pure indigestion, colic, constipa-
tion, simple fevers, teething troubles,
and all the minor ailments of little ones.
They da not contain. one particle of the
poisonous opiates. found in all soothing
medicines and most liquid preparations.
The Tablets• can be given with absolute
safety to the babe just born, as well as
the child of advanced years: Sold, by all
medicine dealers of• sent by snail at 25
cents a box by writing The Dr. Williams
Medicine Co., Brockville, Ont.
4.O
WAITING FOR THE DOCTOR.
How tiresome it all is. When you get
there, breathless perhaps, because some-
body is dreadfully sick at home and
needs the doctor in the worst way, you
may be told that the doctor is out, but
is expected in every minute. Will you
wait? Or he may be at supper and will
see you shortly. You sit down, and if
there are others waiting, you count the
number of people who are ahead of you,
and then as the minutes accumulate you i
begin to look at your watch and wonder
why lie doesn't come, and how the sick
one at home is feeling. There is gener-
ally an awful silence in that waiting
room, except when the bell rings and
somebody else comes in and wants to
know if the doctor is in. By this time
the waiters are feeling mighty blue,
thinking hard thoughts about the cal-
lousness of the doctor. A few papers
and magazines are lying around and you
pick up one of them, but you cannot
concentrate your mind on it. You keep
turning over the leaves and listening for
the sound of the bell or the footfall of
the doctor. And what a relief when he
does make his appearance. It feels as if
a heavv lead wore lifted off your shoul-
ders, the world looks brighter, and as
yott see the man of medicine bowing you
into }his laboratory or reception roots you
forget the long, weary wait, and talk to
him as pleasantly as possible, he never
suspecting the uncharitable thoughts you
were harboring against hint a few min-
utes before.
In each Farmers' Institute district the
secretary has been asked to assist in the
work of procuring the names and ad-
dresses of the stallion owners and laying
out the most convenient route for the
committee to follow while in his district.
He has also been asked to accompany
the committee, and, -to arrange for the
public meeting in the county. In cases
where the secretary was unable to do
the work, the president of the Formers'
Institute has been asked to make the
necessary arrangements. The dates and
points at which the public meetings will
be held have been selected. Arrange-
ments have also been completed for the
dates allowed for each institute division.
and the points at which committees will
transfer from one institute district to
the one following.
The work should have the sympathy
and co-operation of all owners of stal-
lions and of all who are interested in the
horse industry. It is hoped that thecommtell efacility
for procurites ingwithebe informatigivenon very required,
and that every person interested will
take advantage of the opportunity being
given to express his views as to how the
horse industry of this Province can best
be improved.
BUFFS
411
AND BLUES.
Antiquity of Colors.as Party Badges in
English Politics.
Party colors seem to have first sprung into
importance during the seventeenth century.
The Levellers, we know, sported green as
their "rwalstP}inesbyteriang ctive trues Butler's
blue" gives line
another piece of evidence.
At this period, in fact, party colors were in
a sense literally "borrowed from religion."
Spalding says of the Covenanting army that
there were few of them without a blue rib-
bon, and that at the battle of Bothwell
Bridge their flag was edged with blue, while
Dryden confirms this in the title of his "Mac-
Flechltoe, or a Satire on the True Blue
Jrotestant Poet Thomas Shadwell."
Clearly, therefore, it is the Whigs who had
the real title to be called "true blues," and
the present traditional usage which assigns
yellow to the Liberals and blue to the Con-
servat}Ves has reversed the old order. The
eh;nge was made, 'probably, at the time of
the Revohttiou settlement, Yellow was ad-
opted by the Whigs as a punning compli-
ment to the Yrluce of Orange, and the com-
bination of blue rand yellow, which several
important Whig families accepted, survives
to -day in the cover of the Endinburgh Re-
viser:
Yet mark ono caution ere thy next Review
al/read its light wings of aaffron and of blue,
as Byron songs, and Trevclyan's lines in
"The Ladles in Parliament":
While blue and yellow streamers deck each
Tory couvert's brow,
And bold the Cartons raise the shout: "Wo -
're all reformers now,"
carry the same allusion. Still, the final dis-
tinction, such as it is, was not got made until
a century later, when b'ox copied Washing-
ton's uniform and habitually came to West-
minster in his famous buff waistcoat.
A scarlet 'waistcoat with gold buttons then
Indicated en admirer of Pitt, a butt waist-
coat a follower of Vox, and zealous Whig
ladies would appear with foxes' tails as a
head dress. From that time on the Bluee
and the. Bluffs have hoot in the main to
their tradition. The ,pollttclans at the Ilat-
answill elections had no doubts about the
matter, slid other writers who described
election sooner during the last century were
equally emphatic. "Brooke of Tipton," who,
sa readers of "Mitldlemareh" will remember,
tyts a moderato reformer, "felt his beast
tolerably light under his buff waistcoat."
Again, in "Endemism" we are told that the
borough was suddenly ,placarded with emitters
bilis in colossal characters of true blue,
warning the :Conservative electors not to
Promise their votes, as a distinguished can-
didate of the right sort Would certainly
come forward."
A still more emphatic reference comes In
epopeanina," ln, which Disraeli esatirixed
modem England under the name of Veer
Filene's.. Atli if one last example may be
quoted awe would ask our readers to fight
e'er again with us In Imagination that'
glorious election scenes when Colonel New•
'aeis khat thentpion of uncompromising
toleration, utterly routed Sir Menet tor an
t i1 blue cockade* tad brass bakes,
C i.LCUTTA MYSTERY.
Many Strange Theories' to Account for a
Bulge in the Pavement.
The other day a portion of the paysnuedt
weir the *tape 41 the loneral frost office
besan to bulge and one of the heavy stawws
of the steps tvaa tuuud to wave become loose.
Itnncdiately au immense crowd gathered on
file 8f'Ut, i$tot'iea weut 1'outld first (herb wail
Once s teucple t/I the ltindu god Hbivw ua the
soot Ana tIA L4 the god Wan racing to the sur -
rave. ;sorue luohatuuredaue, ea the other
b,ut4, said that the fife,'' 'role tragedy oe•
curved there and that the 4184 bodies of the
bravo Europeans who were ,:ruelly uses -
leered by the Nawab e1raj wove rising wit to
wreak a deadly vengeance upon the Mos
hamraedahia. Another timid person IIivClln8l
e curious story which eprca0 great coaster -
10.041 Oniqui; the up -country Qoryas and
Iw}adus. Ile declared that underneath the.
stone leavement there was oueu a grave and
the s lr t of the dead was coming of the
p 1 out t a
earth to pt cluco treat Havoc (among tae
pcttecfu•l situs t of Ca}eutta. Tills story
Made a great impression on many of the by-
t,tendcrs, tonne of Wtuti sheered Oft lest the
gl.u:it lay his hand oa those weir him. Some
superstitious Hindus went so far as to lay
flowers and garlands on the spot with the
object 01 worahl,tl/ing Shiva. During the lat-
ter part of the Clay the crcwd largely in-
creased and traffic was much inconvenienced,
The hurepeau pcllae officer on duty had a
lit of trouble la dlepersing the crowd and
the scene was altogether very amusing.
i'teplo were sometimes running away for • fear
tt,e ghost should devour theta, and then
corning back to tiie G -tut out of curiosity to
see whether any further devolopment :tad
taken place. In.tecd, curiosity sad timidity
were in conflict w;tn each other throughout,
t..
!to?
madter tl aat hist brought ht to the
notice of the municipal authorities. In order
to remove all doubts the place was excavated.
At the time of excavatlou toe people round
remained spellbound and anxiously awaited
some timid Oorsys ran away to tear. The
the image of some god wbi, h they seemed
to expect t to rise high up luta the sky, and
coolies engaged in the wets. of utggtne were
hesitating every moment whether they should
Proceed any further is their hazadous enter-
prise. But alas: There was nothing int:de,
The portion of the f+iotpath was dug up to
the depth of some four feet but In vain.
The growl had rather thickened and the
excitement had not subsided. Some eight
constables were appointed to clear the traffic
and secure order.
A fresh sensation was caused among tho
Mobanhmedans by the disc:avery below the
flagging of the impressions 01 a hand—Punjao,
as the Mohammedans nay. This it the Asn-
hurrum standard, certainly in Bengal, and a
strong belief !prevails among some of tho
unlettered of the community that underneath
is the tomb of a ph• (saint), and it is taken
by some as a sign of the return of Moham-
medan ascendency.
he prosaic explanation of the occurrence
is that the flagging was laid some years ago
aboye a trench of the old fort. It Is as-
sumed that an accumulation of water under
the pavement caused a large flagstone to
bulge. assuming the appearance of a tomb. --
From the Calcutta Statesman.
Give Capital a Holiday.
Might it well bo done to set aside
a holi-
day for downtrodden capital? This would af-
ford the capitalist an opportunity, now not-
able by its absence, for the et-4pression of his
views. Just as on Labor Day the radical
leader makes a point in his public utterance
of emphasizing his conservatism, so on Cap-
ital day the possessor of vast accumulations
might dwell with convinsing earnestness upon
his innate sympathy with his presumably
loss fortunate brethren and point the way
for his associates, at any rate, to live bet-
ter and broader lives. Under present condi-
tions the millionaire Is at a disadvantage
as contracted with the spokesmen of the
totters.
Quick Relief Free
Rheumatism
—and lasting relief. The root of the trou-
ble is worked un --tris Aobl ,i2rsoisis
ed and carried out of the body, naturally
--the entire *patent put inaxseUeaitt
health—when
Dr. H. H. Mack's
Rheumatism
Compound
is used. This scientific
re
med
y n
er
fails to cure eveneases of long ;tending
which have been given upaahopeless.
After investigating the matter thor-
oughly, Mr. 0. W. Mack, the robber
stamp manufacturer, Toronto, and coin
sin of Dr. Mack, has given Ode remedy
Itis fullest endorsement, and substantial•
ly backed the doctor in placing it before
the public. No business man would do
this with an article that was not as re-
presented.
If you are suffering from any form
of Rheumatism. write for free booklet.
Write to -day. Address: Dr, H. 11, Mack,
00 Yonge street, Toronto, 3
Various How-Are-You's.
"How are you?" in German is "WIG
befindensio siert?" (How do you find
yourself ?") It is also "Wie geht s Y
The Dutch u ch sa
y� oe van
rt t
c (limy
do you fare?) The Italians ask,
"Come
stadc?" ('low do you stand?) The
French, "Comment vous portez.vous?"
(IIow do you carry yourself).
The Greeks ask what you are doing;
the Chinese want to know if you en•
Ply your rice and the Russians inquire
}tow you a living.
The Arbs, a devout people, say "God
grant His favors to youi" The Turks, no
less devout, say, "Be under God's care:"
Sells "Broken -In" Shoes,
(New York (Hobe.)
One clerk who had earned the reputation of
be:ng the best saleswoman in the shoe de-
partment was asked the secret of her success.
I sell all the shoes that have been re-
turned," she explained. 'The other girls
aro afraid to show them, but I find them
the best setters. Our house is liberal in
treatment of dissatisfied customers and we
get back a good many pairs of shoes that
have been worn around the house until they
are partly broken in. These shoes aro much
more comfortable than a brand new pair.
The solos may be a trifle soiled, but the
customer who puts ease above every other
oonsidetation does not mind that; consequent-
ly I sell shoes whtie the other girls only
fit them on."
•.•
Distressingly Hard Luck.
(Philadelphia Record,)
Blobbs—He's the most unlucky fellow I
know. He has just had his watch stolen.
Slobbs—Oh, lots of fellows have had their
watches stolen.
Blobbs—Yes, but not under such distressing
citcumstanes. He was just going to pawn it.
A`' WAS
sun OF THE LIFE OF LYDIAE. MOM
And a True Story of How the Vegetable Compound
Had Its Birth and How the"Panic of '73" Caused
l ft to be Offered for Public Sale in Drug Stores.
This remarkable woman, whose
maiden name was Estes, was born in
Lynn, Mass., February Oth, 1819 com-
ing from a good old Quaker family.
For some years she taught school, and
became known as a woman of an alert
and investigating mind an earnest seeker
after knowledge, and above all, possessed
of a wonderfully sympathetic nature.
In 1343 site married Isaac Pinkham,
a builder and real estate operator, and
their early married life was marked by
prosperity and happiness. They had
four children, three sons and a daughter.
In those good old fashioned days it
was common for mothers to make their
own house medicines- from roots and
herbs, nature's own remedigo—calling in
a physician only in specially urgent cases.
13y tradition and experience many of
,them gained a wonderful knowledge of
the curative properties of the various
roots and herbs.
Mrs. Pinkham took a great interest in
the study of roots and herbs' their char-
acteristics and power over disease. She
maintained that just as nature so bounti-
fully provides in the harvest -fields and
orchards vegetable foods of all kinds;
so, if we but take the pains to find then',
in the roots and herbs of the field there
are remedies exp:, esly designed to cure
the various ills and weaknesses of the
body, and it was her pleasure to search
these out, and prepare simple and effec-
tive medicines for her own family and
friends.
Chief of these was a rare combination
cf the vhoicest medicinal roots and herbs
found beat adapted for the euro of the
ills and weaknesses peculiar to the female
sex, and Lydia E. Pinkham's friends and
neighbors learned that her compound
relieved and cured and it became quite
popular among them.
All this so far was done freely, without
money and without price as a labor
of love.
But in 1873 the financial crisis etruek
Lynn. Its length and severity were too
much for the large real estate interests
of the Pinkham fancily, ail this class of
business eu1£c•red most from fearful de-
dression, so when the Centennial year
awned it found their property Swept
away.t Some other Source of income had
to be !mind.
At this point Lydia l;. Pinkham's
Vegetable Compound was made known
to the world.
The three sone and the daughter, with
their mother, combined forces to restore
the family fortune. They argued that the
medicine which was so good for their
woman friends and neighbors was equally
good for the women of the whole world.
The Pinkhame had no money, and
little credit. Their first laboratory was
the kitchen, where roots and herbs were
steeped on the stove, gradually. filling a
gross of bottles. Then came the question
of selling it, for always before they had
given it away freely. They hired a job
printer to run off some pamphlets setting
forth the merits of the medicine, now
called Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable
Compound and these were distributed
bythe Pinkham sons in Boston,
New York, and Brooklyn.
The wonderful curative properties of
the medicine were, to a great extent,
self -advertising, for whoever ueed it re-
commended it to others, and the demand
gradually increased.
In 1877 by combined efforts the family
had saved enough money to ;commence
newspaper advertising and from that
time the growth and success of the enter-
prise were assured, until to -day Lydia E.
Pinkham and her Vegetable Compound
have become household words every-
where, and many tons of roots and herbs
are used annually in its manufacture.
Lydia E. Pinkham herself did not live
to see the great success of this work. She
paesed to her reward years ago, but not
till she had provided means for continu-
ing her work as effectively as she could
have done it herself.
During her long and eventful experi-
ence she was ever methodical in her
work and she was alkayi careful to pre-
serve a record of every case that cane to
her attention. The case ,of eatery 'sick
woman who applied to her fire advice—
and there were thousands—received
careful study and the details, including
symptoms, treatment and results were
recorded for future reference And to -day
these records, together with hundreds of
thousands made since, are available to
sick r -omen the world over, and repre-
sent a vast collaboration of information
regarding the treatment of woman's ills,
which for authenticity and accuracy can
hardly be equaled in any library in the
world.
With Lydia E. Pinkham worked her
daughter -}n -law, the present Mrs, Pink -
'lain. She was carefully hut:meted.1n
all her hard-won knowledge, and for
years she assisted her in her vast oorrrs-
pondence.
To her hands naturally fell the direc-
tion of the work when its originator
passed away. For nearly twenty-five
years she has continued it and nothing
its the work chows when the first Lydia
E. Pinkham dropped her pen, and the
present Mrs. Pinkham, now the mother
of a large family, took it Up! With
woman asietante, some as capable as her,
self, the present liars. Pinkham contiiaitee
thie great work, and probably from the
office of no other person have so many
women been advised bow to n
health. Sick women, thle adv' ie
"Yours for Health" freely given 11 you
only write to ask for it.'•
Such is the Nattily of 7. lase
ham's vegetable Campo
simple roots and her;t;
mediate for wo!oten's aitaaearte, a�i
fitting monument to th+r rtob4s via**
whims DataeO it boats,