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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Wingham Advance, 1921-12-29, Page 2ettettneeret. et WIDENING OF ,SPARK GAP WILL HELP OVERCOME SKIPPING. Motors are Pike same Wreak. When under oonhpression. Many m+anufac- th;ery are gang' sit top speed t'hetr per -t tureen test the porcelain to see if they forme -nee to excellent. But When( knee ming a spark gap of three - compelled to travel slewq+y they spot- gena+rtetes of an inch under a high volt - ter and ke N e, age. Manny driver.* arcane 5o knew why Short -Circuiting the Plug. they cannot blxrettle demi+ the engine. It goat told edit t at medium high speed; but skips at a /me (speed - Where magneto ignition is used this often may be overcome be al:basting the intert'uipber paints for a little wider gap. Thee makes the interrupt- er points a little ea+rliee and causes the spa* to occur when the magneto exinatere is dna mare favorable pa- aition end a wider interrupter gap at the shower speed gives a ,spark with a little more lakt':c in it. Wid,e.m r* the gap of the spark plug seine wig help to overcome skipping. At low spews a :toll etttarge of gas is not drawn int and oonpreesion is low art temperature low in oonsequence. The militate is not ea near the self- ignition point when the spark occurs ma • it ie at higher speeds, therefore a better spark it needed to ignite it, By widennig the gap in tine plugs the i,e ondaxy current is held back until it apt+ ;riga high enough potentiality to junhp the greater gap, se that when it Hetes occur pan eneeptiomin11y power- ful apa.rk is detainee. Spark flap Attachments. This may be dernenstreted where the engine is elruippel with a vibrat- ing toil- Set one of the cylinders on tap of the compression ready to ignite. Tara ,tin the current, and, while the vibrator will buzz, the :park inside the t tinder is not strong enough to,ignite the charge. Now detegh the spark piurg terminad and team on the current. The extra gap will increase the serene ih of tblia spark in that cylinder, and it will ignite the charge, stetting the engine. This has led to the use, nr► ,a+ome cares of ou`eele egark gap attachmenbs. Widening the gap aril getting a longer epark is not what ignites the charge. It i:t sinatply teat the greater grip emcee the +currant to build tap to er neither presntre, ar voltage, before it will jump the gap, se that when it ees Deter it is of greater intensity. There zee -several other things about apaneking not geae,tranly'undenvtood by tate novice, The general .opinion is 4t teitt the greater insulating surface of a plug there in inside the cylinder the t4 a iiikelehood there is of short cir- eatrntg and consequently the more 'nortat n will be the spark toe -urrence. This is only pertly true. It is tree so fes an short circuit -ling is concerned, but where the surfsoe is too great and mot or -tartan is deposited upon the iiincei•tabor surface the carbon ants as a condenser and, saihserbs the secondary cvrrrem , The effect, is that it will not bund u sufficiently high voltage to jump the gap. Very heavy insulation en the £ueewaidnry wires ahsorbs cur- rent in the 4•,a ue way. The fact that the spark jumps .rzy thepoints of the plug when it ie net bhe open sour does not nece scarily mean teat int jumps when. the points Rns u,rtlisr +uomtpreasion in running ean- dibi+a ns- A current which will cause a spark to jump a quarber-inoh gap in the ,spun +air will cause it to jump a gap of only one thirty -second -inch under unreal running ooanprestion, Failure to appreciate this often re- melts in a neem thinking his ignition is ah right. When there may be u :break in the inclination so smelt that it i oareeiy can be seen with the naked eye when cleaning the plug, or there may be a porous spot in the porcelain, either of whidtt would leak current If there is carbon on the porcelain, the current very often will travel through this under high eompression, because there is nests resistance offered by the ea bon than by the spark gap. It sheat -circuits the plug and there le no' ignition. Yet, when this same, plug =_s removed and tested in the open air, there will be a good spark; the resistance of the gap in the open alr woottil be less titan the resistance of- fered by a path through the carbon coating. Tf, t=' testing a plug in. this way 'there seem; to be a good spark, yet the cylinder will not fire, clean the plug bberough1y and try it out in the cylinder. If it still does not fire, try a plug whioh you know is 41 night and see if it fires. If it does, you may know that the old plug leaks current som lrow and probably needs a new poke 1nin. It is a common error with motorists When cleaning a spark plug to polish up the points and call it a job. What really is required is to remove all of the carbon, which is a fair conductor of electricity, from the porcediaan or mica axed get these back into the in - seater again. When battery ignition is used, skip- ping at low engine speed may often be overcome by changing the gap jn the interrupter points the same as in the magneto. The paints we usually set for normal running speed, and when trouble is experienced et either ex- treme high or low speed adjustmep,t is necessary. The grail at the spark plug points most be greater usually than when megn+ebo ignition is used, because the spark given by battery systems Is naturally of less volume than that given. by the magneto,. Therefore, the gap must be greater to intensify the current, as before described. Keep Interrupter Points Clean. The interrupter points sometimes beomite coated with an insulating glaze composed of oxides and dirt hammered by the action of the mov- able interrupter point, or hamster. The points will have the appearance of being all right; there will be no pits or points; nevertheless there may be enough iraulaating material there to keep the currant from flowing and no spark will occur in. consequence. The points may be cleaned by inserting a vety thin file between the points velnen they are opera and then allowing them to doze on the fine, being held together with r.,a more reassure titan the eapring exerts, and working the file back and forth until the glaze is re- moved. It is neeeaary to have a flat surface that makes *meted acrese the entire face, so thae care in using the file is needed and as little metal as possible should be removed. The 'condenser is ,another point of possible trouble. The •condenser in- creases the volume of the spark about twenty-five times. We often find that a very weak spark may be caused by a partial breaking down of tihe con- denser, or 000astionai+ly to the fact that it is disconnected at the terminal. Condensers are usually hidden away so that the novice cannot locate troubles of this mature, but an exten- sive sparking at the interrupter or vlibratrir points, when they are clean, with a very weak spark at the plug points, indicates that the condenser is not 'working properly. When this sparking towers have an expert ex- amine the condenser for trouble. SW 1 PEARSON, FRIEND OF THE BLIND FOUNDER OF ST. DUN - STAN'S •'S HOSTEL A Glorious Monument to the (`sheat £niglish Newspaper- man ratnnd. Philanthropist. ;t ern Arthur Pearson was best known to Canadians as the founder e,f ;4t_ t)unstart'e Hostel for blind sol - diens in Loudon. Born tax 1836, the eon of a clergy- nian, lie was edueated at Winchester `3e°haiot. et 18 year, of age he won a 10 111.61 fit ef 100 pounds a year in Sir G urge lti°ewne:+' publication, Tid Bits won it by anaworirg ten searching dl+testions a week for three months. 'herr: young Peara.an became manager 41f Tel Bits, and held that exist for slz yeot+; when he etnrted Pearson's weekly He followed this with several other weekly and monthly periodicals, aati finally established the Daily Ex- peose in 1900. He acquired controi of St..Patuos' Gazette, the Morning Stand• and and the Evening Standard. But, it is said, those ventures swallowed up a largo Re t of bho fortune he had ac- atttyttlate(i `Dineen, a °ex years before the great von began, fate struck hint a cruel vies. ill ma incurable affection of the. <we i By the time the batt British Matti hlieied i1 :oath's etre gent hent"' from Belgium and France Sir Arthur bad not only become totally blind him - salt but had made and won. his own struggle with all the, forces of doubt and despair that attack the "sightless. As he was wont to say, "Ile had learn- ed how to be blind," and he was eager to show these blinded soldiers how they might overcome their terrible handicap. History of St. Dunstan's. St. Dunstan's was established in the early spring of 1915. Set in the heart of London, this spacious house with its fifteen acres of beautiful grounds, gave to Sir Arthur, at the very begin- ning of his work, the establishment and the environment he sought. He almost filled the gardens with workshops, class rooms, offices and other buildings; he made additions to the house itself. As the work grew a half dozen or more houses near by were loaned or taken over, and several large estabilebstents at the seashore or in the country were given or loaned by individuals and associations to be used as convalescent or holiday re- sorts. "In days when I could see, Sir Arthur has written, "1 had the direct. tion of soma big enterprises, but St. Dunstanet became the biggest individ- ual business that I have ever conduct• When the hospital was esbabiiteleed there ware only sixteen men to care for, but by the end of 1018 more than 600 men had, tie Sir Arthur put it, "already learned to be bllttc7 and had retained to their hnmee." Then 700 ;vete in training and 200 more /it'll In tine hospitals, were soon to go there -- e. tate! of 1,500 men. whom Sir Arthur Arms and the Woman I Upper Insert—The back of the hand must not be neglected. A good cold cream} well rubbed in will preserve , it beautifully, Lower Left—Pay particular attention . to the elbow joint and keep it well nourished. Lower Right—When one has shapely; pretty arms she will look charming in the most simple gown and should. never hesitate 'to wear abort sleeves. WHEN arms can be so beautiful it seems a pity that more atten- tion is not paid to them, for with regular care pretty arms can be made absolutely beautiful and unsightly ones attractive. Today, more than ever, with :he mode prevailing of even shorter than elbow sleeves, the contour of the arm plays a most important part in one's appearance. If it is too thin, which is very often the case, most beneficial results will be quickly accomplished by soaking some volt old linens in either sweet almond or olive oil. These should be placed firmly about the arms. but not so tight that the circulation is interrupted. The surface should first be washed with warm water (not very hot) which will open the pores and easily absorb the massage oil. Before applying be sure that the skin has been thouroughly dried, for If any moisture remains the unguent will not be thoroughly absorbed. A few simple physical culture exercises before the treatment, so that the circulation may be stimulated, will produce much quicker results. These exercises should S - be gone through before the oil has been applied. One Whose circulation is poor from insufficient exercise will be Inclined- to have red arms though they may even be plump. The skinwill be coarse, but much can be done to give softness•ana roundness .of outline by using the same treatment al desnribed above. if the skin is rough (goose flesh) it should be thoroughly washed with warm water and plenty of good, pure soap of an oily nature and briskly dried with A rough towel. In the morning a little glycerine and rosewater should be well rubbed in after the bath, so that the texture will be refined. Massage is also essential. Massage the arms every night using a little lano- line and work it in while lcneading the flesh so as to bring the blood to the surface, With firm strokes, rub firmly from shoulder to elbow and elbow to wrist, upward and downward. Then begin 'at the wrist, using the finger tips, and massage with a circular motion: up the arm, to the shoulders. If this is properly doneit should make the skin glow and tingle and may precede the wrapping treatment. The elbow is undoubtedly one of the most difficultparts to treat, for at this point It is not so fleshy -and there is a tendency for'the skin to become shrivel- led and the Joints to protrude. Unsightly elbows win spoil the appearance of the best dressed woman and it is therefore positively ridiculous for 'one whose, el- bows are disfigured to wear extreinely short sleeves. A great deal can be done, however, to nourish the skin so that It will not wrinkle. Blent3' of skin food should be used. wrapping the elbow In it if neces- sary at night, and after bathing in the morning douche the part well with cold water, followed by an astringent, which will close the pores and take up the superfluous skin. itosewater, three parts to one part of elderflower water and a few drops of tincture of benzoin is a simple and inexpensive astringent that can be prepared in the home. In treating the arms, don't neglect the back of ttie hands. It they have become scrawny or bony, rub in regularly a good cold cream acrd keep them soft. If it Is necessary to have the hands con- stantly In hot water from household purposes, rub In an extra portion of Cream before doing so and the hands will never become chapped or unsightly. had enabledto put despair behind them, and to become bray, self-sup- porting, instead of the helpless de- pendents they bad thought fate bad made teem. Wonderful Range of Activities. The men at St. Dunstan's are taught shorthand writing, telephone operating, massage, poultry farming, joinery, matmaking, "boot repairing and basketry. Sir Arthur considered poultry farming to be a particularly ftlr Arthur cleanness rounder of St. Dunstan"e Hostel for the Blind, and himself a blind man, who was accidently drowned int Lon don. He was famous the world over for his Werke for the blind. suitable -occupation for the blind; he was proud that all who studied at St. Dunstan's proved successful in prac- tice. Shorthand writing in braillie, a difficult art, has bean an important study at St. Dunstan's, and dozens of meta' have gone from there to their old places as private secretaries., or have found new ones; all of them have met every standard required. Some of them now earn higher salaries than they did before they were blinded. And this lends, strength to Sir Arthur's contention that there are certain ad- vanages in being blind, since it com- pels him who is thus handicapped to develop faculties that otherwise would remain dormant, and to train all hie capacitiesdto a higher degree of pro- ficiency. At: much importance is at- tached at St. Dunstan's to teaching the men to play as in teaeh:ing them to work. They learn to dance, if they do not already know how, and fre- quently dances aro held; they even have fancy dress balls, which they en- joy immensely, They row and swim and wrestle and run and try to kick goals at football. They attend theatres, organize concerts among themselves, play chess and cards and dominoes, hold debates indoors and tug-of•wav contests" outdoors, go on tong walks• and weekend rambles in the country. It is not too ntuclt to s•ay that the great work that that; been done for the blind throughout Canada since the early days of the war, owes, its in- spiration to Sir Arthur an to the Canadian soldiers why w+re hits guests at St. Dunstan's. That was 'gibe Sort of thi.'g fit Arthur stcr~^ettiplishbd otter sustaining on aff'lic'tion which would have render - ad twenty mom almost helpteet. and which stands to him as a monument greater than all heir financial and. Jour- nalistic success. Convictions for Starting Forest Fires. Citizens must have been struck in the past few weeks in reading "of the large number of prosecutions and con vietions for, wilfully or by careless- ness, setting fires to standing timber. There have been convictions alga for refusing to assist forest rangers in putting out fires. In some cases this may seem hard on the individual, but, on the other hand .there has to be con- sidered the loss sustained, not only by an individual or company, but Also by the whole country in the burning of forests. There is another consideeae tion, also, namely the loss of life •awed by forest fires, The record ie not yet complete, but it appears that at least two men lost their lives In forest fires this season, Then there were the numerous families burned out of house and home this year, the members of which suffered in health as well as in property, Fines anti jail sentences are not pleasant things. There is no one who does not feel sym. pathy for those so dealt with, but once the people make 'up their minds that forest fires' must stop fires will Dome to An end, and these punishments, are one way in which public opinion makes Itself heard. Of the Ainorec&n+ easifa:1ties due to t �s in the Great •tsar, ' 1 � y 1.3x per -pitta, were f*tttllI, The skin tilde *aztntatt paint is seventy-five t:% reel thick as that of the eyelid. News From the Maritimes. The po.tatu yield of the Province or New Brunswick for 1921 is estimated to be 216% bushels to the acre, the highest in years and higher than any other province in the Dominion, ac- cording to the Provincial Department of Agriculture. Prince Edward Island b said to be second with an average acre yield of 201% bushels. The port of St. John, N. B., is entice patina. resumption on a substantial scale of the export of live cattle and accordingly work on the preparation of sheds for the purpose, approved by the Federal Department of Agricul- ture, is being rushed. Four hundred head of cattle this smelt constitutes the first shipment of the season. A forest nursery, operated jointly by the Forest Service Branob:• of the Provincial Lands Department and; the Forestry School of the University of New Brunswidk, will be established at Fredsriiteu, N.B., if present negotia- tions result satisfactorily. Au initial grant of $1,500 is being considered by the Crown Lands Department, it is un- derstood. It is reported that the Iona Gypsum Company, Cape Breton, is about to be taken over by Montreal capitalists. There will be extensive alterations to the plant and in the shipping facili- ties. For the past few years the out- put has been largely to Philadelphia, and was found to compare favorably with the best manufactured in the States. It is estimated that 12,228,514 pounds of maple sugar were produced in the province of Quebec during the spring of 1921, In addition there were 1,375,635 gallons of maple syrup. The number of apple trees totalled 1,231.- 857, ,231:857, compared with 1,000,033 in 1920; plum trees 322,778, compared with 267,746; pear trees 22,550, as against 18,287; and 408,707 cherry trees as compared with 447,261. Milch cows in the province of Que- bec during the summer of 1921 total- led 1,039,389, as compared with 1,030,- 809 during the corresponding period in 1920, according to an estimate of the Provincial Department of Agri- culture. Hogs totalled 883,920, com- pared with 836,481; hens and chickens 3,476,729 compared with 3,177,402; other poultry 355.486, as against 360,- 458. V The Umbrella Tree. • Queenslanders take spec`a1 prldu in the umbrella tree, which leas almost as muoh honor with them as that be- stowed by Canadians upon th'e maple. It; looms largely in the history of the state. It was discovered by.Banks and Solander at Cooktown while the "En- -deavor" was undergoing repairs, -and, therefore, belongs to the same scien- tific area as the kangaroo, If the records are read right, the second report of the existence of the tree was, made by Maogillivray and Huxley, who visited Dunk Island in the iniddle of last century. Its rayed leaf- lets varying in number, its studlike flowers, closely set on radiating stalks, its plenteous secretion. of a mild 'form of nectar on which birds make merry, and, moreo:ver, the originality of the tree not only in appearance, but habit, entitle it to the affection of those who claim it, as belonging to them, by right of discovery and territorial pride. The tree speaks of the uwresting lite of the tropics, full, glossy, abundant, dripping life. 41.411 the hearty birds can- not exhaust the .flow of nectar nor the swarms, or butterflies quivering with excitement overfeast themselves nor the blundering beetles stem tate waste. It hangs from the red flowers in spangles and splashes down among the withered leaves for the refresh- ment of industrious and thrifty ants, prototypes of Lazarus, who ate of the crumbsfalling from 'the table of the rich man, Improvements in Detection and Identification Means. Constantly the methods of human identification, and also the analysis of handwriting, are becoming more and more precise, In connection with tb.e Bertillon method of identification by means of finger pleats, several recent developments have occurred, one of the latest being the inclusion of the sweat pores as an element of identifi- cation. "Experiments In this connec- tion, in 'Prance, have shown that 'when these finger prints are eaamined under a microscope there are plainly :seen .a seriesof spots in single or double lines, which were formed on the print by drops of moisture from the sweat glands. The member of these dots varies from 9 to 18 to the centimeter (.4 in;), and their position, and even their shape, -which may be either round, oval or curvilinear, are abate lutely characteristic in each individ- ual. As regards the detection of counter- feit handwriting a method has been worked out that is both mathematical and scientific. It hale been applied to the detection of freehand forgeries -- not those made by traoing or the changing of letters which are easy to detect. It Is based on the hypothesis that everybody's handwriting shows certain constants that tan be mea suted, This melted ie called grapho. metric, and on -enlarged photographic reproductions measurements' are made of the height of the letters, the trace of the Curvature, the elope of th downstroke, and other lentils, and they are compared'iPith, titandardr that have boon established by a. study of the genuine handwriting. BAIA walking will do as much to. restore health as any Foran o: Moen' fate, Real People in Books;. Many of our greatest novelists have drawn their Characters front life, and for this reason their books hove an at naooPhere of reality. The best books are those which make us exclaim,, "Why, the characters are just Hite People 1 know!" We like to think that the people we meet in. novels have prototypes in real life, Many authq,rs make themselves the heroes of their Den novella, Jack Lon don did so 'r1 the case of "Marcia ]Eden." Charles Dickens was the hero of "David Copperil•eld"; while Rud- yard IGipline fa the original of Beetle in "Stalky and Co." The original of Sherlock Holmes was Dr. Joseph Bell, a lecturer in Edinburgh University. When Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was a medical student he was impressed by this. leo• turer's methods of reasoning. Tiltsin. spired 'him to create the famous de„ tective. In "All Sorts and Conditions of ]Men," by Sir Walter Besant, the hero- ino, Angela Marsden Messenger, was undoubtedly the Baroness Burdett. Coutts. A Mrs. Anne Cooper inspired Dick- ens to write "Little Dorrit e' A s a lit- tle girl she was a groat friend of Dick- elm ickenc, and long before .he conceived the idea of writing the book he had nick- named her"leorrit." Angel Clare's father in Thomact Hardy's "Tess of the d'Urbervttles" was the Rev. H. Moule, vicar of )'ord- ington, a pretty little village near Dorchester, England. Mrs• Franees Hodgson -Burnett made her own little boy the hero its "Little Lord Fauntleroy," This lovable chilel character proved immensely papular• when the book was first published. Sunshine Avenue. Lose your way or find your wa:t, els how you twist or turn, Come back to Sunshine Avenue, where ail the candle.•] burn; The candles of the Happy Heart the t for all travellers bleant .Above the path, of melody in holy lands of dream. On every step the children dance, ael side in every.laneb„ And every door of every house is epee. sun_ cr rain: And welccmo ringed time wlto•stray tetra 'hadc H tied from tears To find the Sunehin'e . Avenue that brglitens'half cur years. Give up your bl oGruble Hili and come to- this u sweet mpeace; Sell off' your hame-•af •Grouchiness and wear the smiling face; • For through the world in song and joy, with. music and with dew Rum up the hill and down the.date love's .Sunshine' Avenue. Mental Booinerangs. The cruelty that el.ings mentally ix tate worst and most cowardly kind of cruelty. because it is not punishable by law. But, in the end. it oarriee its own punishment, for it proves a boom- erang that hurts the one who etrike;s more than it hurts his victim, Whatever attitude we adopt; towar1 others reacts on ourselves. Make poo•• pie glad to see you; encourage thorn who work for you with a smiling face and cheering, sunshiny words, and you will be surprised to see how much It will do for you personally. Your aynt- pathy and encouragement not only help them, but the reflex action to worth infinitely more to you in the growth of your manhood and the dee velopment of an attractive ,persanaltty than the effort it costa. The law protects, a wife from physi- cal blows, but a man can . stab his wife with his cruel tongue, can inflict all sorts- of mental torture, upon her for half a life time until he sends her to her grave, and the law will not touch him. a When the Forest Lookout Goes Blind. When the forest lookout goes blind, that is when the pdil of smoke pre- vents the lookout man on tower or mountain peak froth seeing where the fire 3s, then comes in the,oppottunity et the airplane observer. This wan proved during the past summer in the Dominion Forestry Branch *ark mi- tre -big at Kamloops. B.C. At a period when a smoke pall hid the ttaore dis- tant points from the lookout stationa the airplane observer was able to fir over the smoke soreen and gat a good view of the whale district. He watt able to inform headquarters of all in- cipient fires and thus to secure their extinguishment before they had reaclti abd dangerous proportions. One sats factory feature of this patrol was that the observer was able to see the dee' fighters actually at work and thee int a peeition to direct them to the beat ant• vantage. eat She Wonted t ]Chow, ';di The young: officer t'as sitting aloha on the hotel i'erandali. Clone by hitch eat a young and pretty vtideth• etn4 Iter iyit.year-old yon. ressently the, little fellow ran up to the officer, whir, patted dins 8tt the #teat[. • "What's yens tame end rank?" tis ittta tor eked. E i,tt+r ss I in Re to "Me Pott marriedt* a Past tai ,ataxic inquiry. ',Not X scut not"' was the kept Then thec#lid • vatueire baononi and, turning to his lnotfiet, *aid • ,"What slave must „ hint, tnsttt. earl" •" a. ,...