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The Wingham Advance, 1919-12-11, Page 7)v- • 4-4.4,414,94-4-4-4 fo, 4.44. 4* 4...+4+ 4,4, P441th,+t +4+444, est4+4 ++4+4.11 taw pent ree eautheen dimes. The, ELEPHANT'S FAD/111Y 4 etraighatUelted lad beat it; but the snow and ice and and hail and geoa old mammoth wandereel In the , d sl I11STORY EXTENDED fug and attel cold rein, hte tusks curled Up, like the Kers moue - tache, Ile made the northeuet peonge , to America, and grew imperial; but even in America the (Racial Period• Trench Digging Throws Additional LightOn wee earning against The earth wobbled: our honetaltheret Pachyderm's Ancient Progenitors. turned at a greater angle fromsheet the sun. 'Little by little the ice es+++++++9++4-e-tte-at +++++++444 -6 -044 -e4 -+++4 -e4+41 --a•-•44-++++ covered Northern. Europe. In Amerlea Elephants the size of poodle dogs have been found, it is said, in Aus- tria. While detailed luforiziatant IS not forthcontiug, it is taken tor granted that the baby speeimeus are not alive, but long time dead, in the state of tomes. One statement adds that "while treitele digging in the Danube basin," and another "attributed, to the Oligo. vine." It is one more noveltY et trench dig- ging. During the four years of war there was unpeCeeelented digging. Not Maly the fighting frontiers =were trench - d: with seemed, third, fotirtie and. fifth liOes at trenohes to fall baek on, but practice digging and use a trenches went.on In every country of the world,. Many queer things were discovered, bat nothing so counilete, satier)ing aua curious as find after filed of an - Clout elephant bones and fossils in Egypt, England, Malta, Cyprus, Franco, India, Austria and Alsace. X a England, for example, they tound the first elephant teeth ever recovered • "In • that county, ot any rate," in actuol association witk the skelettne lu India scientists go around with bags full of "trencit teeth," preciously teetifying of epochs and, strata. In a word, the prehistoric story of tbe ele- phant family Is almost (*replete& The "trench poodles" of Austria vrill be et whooping novelty-. The Oligocene period, to which they. are attribute:a, date's boa to the year 1,750,000 B. C., and no elephant forties had been found ft it-"therr tairtemes, during the 011go- eene remain unknown, unless certain strata a doubtful age in the Vienna isaslo are to be referred to ite' These wort% bY a. coineidetoo, were written by elenry Knipe, F. L. S., shortly be - fere the war, and he referred them to the Miocene- aU a rnillion y neater to us, and Jagger and better elephants, ellISITSPECTDD raon. Now, Is It possible that a baby race of elephants heretofore unsuspected was perfecting itself for near a million yearn and growing smaller, neater, "poodle do-bsize," veritable children's pets? Treneh 'digging near •the Suez Canal would seem to confirm it. There in Egypt, the•Anzwee are claimed to Lave tome on "dtminutive" develop- • merits fromthe "primitive". beasts of Moeris and catalogued by their ex- perts as "baley elephants ot the late Eaeene." say, B. C. 2,000,000. Tile "beasts -o Meals" are the founders of the fatuity. Their bones were first discovered aboist 1901 by Dr. Axtdreers, in the Paytem Dessert of Egypt, neat, Lake Moats. They stood abeept three feet at the shoulder, and were Iteig enough in the neck to get their leant to the ground. A modern elephant would be ashamed of them. What's the trunk for? These interest- gig:A-m*04's had sloping faces, un- like Alm almost 'vertical face of the • living .etephante but the bones of the skulatad fallen into position .peculiar to prohoseteleans, and • there was the. beginning of a trunk. •..Thce' cheek 'Were -much of the pattern of • -later elerehaats. • Certain of the.incisor teeth -in the upper jaw were developed tusk, and on the freot part Of die lower jaw a rival pair of beak- like teeth protruded.' You see the beginning. Tusks against Melts. WbtahwallvLn out -the lower ete„the upper sets? :naterely inetheleid-Roeme, say n. C. 2,260,000, the beasts of licieris wan- dered about in herds; were at home in the =water; salioisted ettiefly oriemarea vegetation; had -well -developer ',brains - for their size, and their intelligence ' • wit.s.P1whably much abova the average Of' their time., What did they do for thenmeIves with, it? `Why; they dee : irelapetlebigger, for one thing, as 10 - pcieltively known, under the familiar oetne ktern Paatatodons. A,round the year B, a, 2 000,000, they stood AMY • - :So .toot at 'the shoulder. The Iowe. had been elongated considerably, and tentinated in Unproved •tusks, ueed or eiggiug and uprooting purposes, as' heguu by :their illoeris ancestors. Clothes make the man. • Thsta and truiek make the elephant. Nova get We. A queer problem pre. seated itself. Whieh.? Both! replied the elephant. Ile made good, but it became an af- fair of, time and eopense. The length- ening ‘O tte• lower low Wee to forma aunaort'for the 'trunk in proeees of de- . velopreent. Prcibably the Short trunk whiete event:he ancestors of the Pelee - mastodon ;enjoyed poeseseed et its ex. treatitY a fair araount o prehensile • power,: htit it was not -.enough devel- • oreel to 'be left, oe to. stotak ,to A develtepfbg Oran intimately eon. necteil wIth. breathing and feeding must have required very careful nurse • tog, end the elongated under -jaw was acting as a sort of foster mother. You see our French poodles' diffe culty-time and expense. Yet I ona Weight a trunk in Vienna; it Wats a goo& one, And the eXperlinents of nature hate been so astOnishing that nothing is hatiOssible. There is good evidence •for example, that the ele- phant WWI/ started all Wrong mueh earlier than any of these 'etatee in the big Atablapods. The popttlarly Men- thated Tittoperea had remitted full modem elephant size. 140 everted not only a pair of poveerful trunks in his upper jaw, but had four horns, MAO -bete aepaiteof Itteebt, adoenedethe end, of his short length trunk! Yet he gave up the jek around the year B. 0. 2,260,00 because he had started all wrong t 4/ yap 11/ (shaped .11101 yours, Man ine d the so itir bear's) and the habit of rising on his toes, stithenigh he walked flatfooted like tbe bear. , , DEVELOPMENT OPTam TRUNK. ' So; therefore, sicip the Oligocene. Long, glow work was done la it, of which we know nothing. Teench-dig- ging it the Americatn Teel Iseetor ewe. firms that around the year B. C. 1,260,- OW there entre foutetustted Norepeeirs eleghsetts axeraging -Peen feet aigh , and with onderjaela of enoridous Realeth. Oath was the leng-neeked Totrelectodtm--but aleo Itelg-tranked. The trunk nod btereseted In groping Power, bleu 'has leery e. leas; on unoouriain, t� ettptort the le ghi temllg vatic. The two were oetting io. exteh &ken's. wooy, If one had to go, it would eleerfy be tats ollenomenal thin *biota had stirred asscaffolding. Now ektreeit -Wan am parte Wsee acted tillAstettibit. °Whit' 32 IsAteti ter ugly, uncouth ambeleved and imappre. Mated. • Even the Tetraaelodon 'wee not yet a real elephant. Het -Ault was more Of th, e true elephant shape; We too - numerous tusks were of modern make, except that they Dere partly enamel- ed -all for ehow and glitter, We you might say, but the tact that the oleo phant family wan still experimenting around the year D.C. 1,000,000 is proved by the appearanoe of such by- productas the 4)Inotheret.. 1Y.notheres bobbed op in Belgian aud Italian trenches. True sou of bie ugly pa -more "etra," hideous, Oulu old Tetrabelodon himself -the Dinotheree had the souse to 'change hie name, but could not ehany,e hie face. His trunk had became long and strong -requir- ed, at least, no- chin eupport. And the hardsworlcing chin, elongated ridieulouely during a million yearts a helpfulness and now abandoned, and disdained, curved strongly downward, es to get away from euch ingrati- tude! The upper jaw was without Wake, but the only downward -bending chin in the whole world. (and what a bender!) grew a, • pair of powerful, se/bre-shaped tuske for self-detence, for rooting up plants and. to ture over Jig tones in dried-up river beds in order to discover water. Dinotheres never got to Aanerica, but they wandered over Europe, Asia and Africa for half a million years. The straight -chinned Tetrabelodon liscoverea America, where he roamed ,vith his four Woke until the Early Pliocene, say, B.C. 400,000. The ouly place where elephants Ira - proved grandly, now for a long time.' was India. 'In digging their training trencheea native Indian troop e uncovered quan- tities of bonen and fossils. As woe already woli known, about this time (day, B.C. 400,000), the mastodon ele- phant was fully developed and flour- ishing be India, of dmpceing eize, with a much ehertened meek, a much re- duced ander-jaw and A theleth be- come a more powerful grasping organ, with free play in all directions. LONG TIME IN SELF-IMPROVE- MENT How long had he been occupied in self-improvement? Goodness onb knows. Perhaps 600.000 years. We know °lily that by putting in hie spare aoure with the right course, he won promotion. Being ready for a job "tar up the line," he got the ap- pointment because he was prepared tor it. Every elephone now in a subordinateposition can make hie opportunity, just like this man ded. • Let none be diecouragee. Pay no attention to the criticism of the jeal- ous. Even, the mastodon, with his brilliant euccese, was not a "true ole- pb.ant," if you listen to professore of aristocratic univereitlee. The criti- cise his teeth, and they point to his tueke, -still partly banded with enamel, Indian trench -digging has unearth- ed so many elephant teeth of improv- ing forms and reinforcements that epecialista are carrying them around in, bags. Teethe Better teeth! The elephant family would probably, as a fact, have gone out with the four -tusked tetra- belodon, or bent -chin dinotheres, in the increaeed east of 'living, had not the inaetodon begun ImproveMents with his well-known "nipple tooth." His molars were ridged across • the surface mach as in -the caee of mod- ern elephants; but ,tae lieges were not sae- Otttairoues arid .theintee-teeigeat spaces, instead of belng filled with cement, were usually "rale,ed up elite little . knebs or nipales. wae.ethe stegodon eo.Weins who filled the spacee with ton* Of the inner tooth !sub. - Glance know .• as. dentine. Modified. into cenientee In tb.oir treoehebage tleey carry improvements which werc' very aeOply, ridged; with .the spaces -filled up with cement. Tke teeth this ited rough thoogn telrlY level .eurfaces, and were excellently adapted for. grinding purposes. .As atter events proved, elephante toothed In this manner.were alone degeined to eurvive. Teeth are vitally impor- tant Take care of your teeth! Mastodons hail gone to Europe in the later plioceing -beet -toms et the Mastodon type, like ''the. -favorably- known dibelodonehad arrived in North A.merica, a hundred thousand years earlier, say, B.O. 250)000. Better yet, around B. C. 300,000, true elephants, fine beasts, fully 14 feet high (three, feetteller thin' the famous Janolee), were roaming in Europe, as indicatee by' discoveries of the French. front. Theso. dates. are aPproximate, but the facts stand out that the ele- ehentefamily was going- strong When they bumped against thoeartb. wobble. In our Northern Hemisphere the tem- perature had been declining for a mil- lion years. Apes and tapirs: quit Eu- rope; Huge elephants were still find- ing accommodations, say, B. C. 250,000; • and the presence of new straight -tusk- ed 'forms testifies to arrivals in .the. family. But . . . the alast suffered mare then the West; but half the continent was finally coeered with lee from the Atlautie to the Pacific, in some parts 3,000 feet thick. Three times again the earth wobbled. The while business occuPled 100,000 years. Li the warm Interglecial period elephaota returned north, among them the bio straigantusks-who a» - pear to have .become extinct before the Second Glacial Period, when ell were forced to beat it tiouth again. Tao' emigration track by Spain (Gibraltar) and Italy (dry land to Africa now rep- resented by Malta and Slcity) is strewn with clues. When the good climate returned no elephants returued with it. The result of all this refuaeeing is soon along the emigration track. Ele- phants grew smaller, smaller. The ex- tinct elephants of Crete stood less than five feet high. Trench -digging in Malta, they found a baby race, averag- ing four feat high. Descendants of these refugee families, still living in the Congo region. of Africa, aro called "dwarf elephants." Never do they at- tain seven feet at the shoulder. • It is not generally known, petioles, but it is a fact, Elephants began the size of dogs. But all this digglog of the past five years confirms what the yet greater When land and feed were cheap different conditionexisted Grain farming continuously drained the fer- tiltty of the soil a.nd yielded loss profit each year; live stock converts the farm products into cash at the same . time leaving tea greater part of the fertility on the farm, thus increasing the productaiity and adding value to the farin as well as greater profits from the sale of excess stock. The raising of .beef cattle is pro- - viding the avenue of escape fronthe old conditions, since they utilize fee ds which et:Hawke are to greater or . lesser measure wasted, and rotative but little outlay for labor and atten- tion. . T•he farmer who does 1.01 raise live stock will sooner or later do so or must make way for the -modern farmer who does. IIe who raises scrub stoelt must use a good sire or fail to make a reasonable return, since each calf . sired by a pure-bred Hereford bull will add $5 to $50 to the value of a calf out ot a senile cow. The intelligent ementifte progres- sitee farmer of the preeemt day is par- tiettlar to use a pttre bred sire or else breeds pure bred e for the others to use 'The business of raising pure bred Hereford cattle Is bas s1 en sound eco- aomic principles as meet be the basis for any successful liminess. The Cost of a start is Benoit, the cattle grotv into money with little attention.. and op- portunity is knocking at the door of the energetic, progreseive man, or wo- man. (for some of the largest Here- ford breeders are women) with a lit- tle patience and foresight. -saes— • GERMAN GUILT CLEARLY SHOWN Documents in Connection With Scapa. Flow Crime Divulged By th.e. British Admiralty. . . . .. • • 4 aseudon,_ cable ; vilely 'Of the Oermare Governnient's 'denial of fes• • sporisibility ter the sieking of: the • ernian..,warghlps In the Scapa Flow, ; the British .Admiralty etcanigat ptzb- lished a number of -doeunsien•ts, • eluding all the seven instructions of, the -German Admiral von Reuter to his' officers on the preparations for and the method of scuttling of vessels wherever the signal to do so was given , fromhis ship, the Emden, his inten- tion beiug to send_ the ,veseela 'to the bottom, ehould the nritish attempt to • seize thorn Without the consent of the German •aovernment. Referring to the poseibility Of Ger- many agreeing to- surrender the ships AdiniraT Von Reuter soa in one of the documents, • "Theii the ship a will be handed -over, to the •Iltetiog disgrace of those who placed us in the.positiort." ' . . The weightiest document the Admir- = • alty discloses. is a letter from Rear Ad- -- mire' Adolf von Trotbachief of the German Admiralty, written to von.a Reuter, dated Berlin, May 9111, and'. marked "most secret" It Was found in the safe of the Emden at the time of the salvaging of that cruiser., - This -letter disceisses at constderablei length the ne.gotiatibas then proceed- ing at Paris regarding the fate of the ilernian ehlps. It g1veo actual in- structions for the scanting of the ateS,.- sets, though one sentence runs, "their eurrender to the eienty remains -out ot the questime." The Admiralty does not Mahn this as-- Proof tat the Geririall Governmellt ore , dered the scuttling Of the tvezahips, but It eitilme that the letter proves the, •'German Government Was oble to zone- ' ,illunreete eiettheatell Itoutereaetilreover, it says, opPortunities =were -available etotesuth emnintinietttion,• notably In • eaeat riven& Awd-,Gorman transports, the Ilardertht und the Schiesettg, on • lune 17 -bringing proVielons for tete GerMon shipsatnee. takitig away the 'eurplue cream ' "%cicalae eat% the Admiralty, "June , 1711i was the nate of von Reuter's sec- ret order to Ids officers concerning the • peojected scuttling." • 'DISCOVERED BY ENGLAND. England made this grand treoch discovery. A party of Royal Engineers in 1914, at 'Upnor, opposite the Chat- ham doeltyards, care° on an enormous etraight tusk, mid lots of bones., The British ittueeum preparator, L. E. Per- seus,- tobk up the find." It was a tritimeh for' Englattd. Here was the giant straight -tusked elephant on -Eng- .fleli proted .ley his. teeth in ex-• eellent eondition This partIcolar • ''ll'ettst• steel': 15' fei3t. high, topping- All •eptiaiirearittobath -living and extinct! His leg bones pioved it. The steaight tusks, are ,1& feet' long -greeter- than his height, event So, his heed shout. - ..dem awl forelegs were enormously developee, This straight -tusked boy, Lhey any, displaces the North American imperial mammoth from his pedestal as the littered kritnen elephant. for the biggest Aineriean mammoth* have never .got- ten above 13 feet 6 inehes. Someitovr the idea has grown ue that mammoths were the giants among elephants, ,yet • no "true" mammoth (elphae getaus, not imperator), say the lish, con be shown to have exeeeded 10 feet 8 'richest (Iess than the modern Talkie elephant by a foot), and the typicat African elephant still to -day attain' 11 feet 6 Melee. Tile tittle ie that tip mammoth de- • veloped in herd Mel 'Ihe Nortnerri Herelephere was growing very eted, and he wile hed the patilottem tb linger In it wee forced to grew wool! . Thie began around the year B. C. 11:01000. Evan tatie rittnoseitou developed , Welted Wore dei ere% five ieteleureesel int .OP 3 Werirc.7,7.'"Vr,r-7-77AW16. „ aeneserearneellae ,:114 govrogeograillAP Deadly Wood Alcohol Menace in Many Ways rj (New Yolk Sun.). The newspapers ot the 'United States have printed volumes Colleen- ing tho disastrous consequences of drinking pure weed alcohol or any liquid Containing it, yet the average PerSon etill 4008 ot 8wood alcohol is the most danger- ous and most prevalent industrial poison of the nice:Mots used in the various trades, end instances of death and 'serious illness brougat on by its use are multiplying every year. Wood alcohol produces toxic °teas evaether taken internally, inhaled through the lungs or wizen coming directly in am- nia with the skin. Impairment of vision, complete loss of eyesight and even. death often result from drinking as well as from inhaling the poison, People working in places where large quantities of wood alcohol were used constantly have died from the fumes. So dangerous is thie poison that in somp eases death occurred when personts were subjected only a day or two to the fumes of wood. alcohol. Direct action of the poison upon the skin when used ex- ternally, although not quite as d15 - estrous, has ite serious consequences. ft produces inflammation of the skin and in extreme cases death et • the affected. organ. Newspaper readers are familiar with these instances where death and blindness have re- sulted when wood alcohol Imo been sold as whiskey after being colored with burnt sugar or some other sub- stance. There have also been many iestances of persons who have drunk wood alcohol knowing it to be such merely beoause they wanted the un- doubted kick that any alcohol will give. But unfortunately the kick ob- tain from wood alcohol is usually permanent. CALLED METHYL ALCOHOL. Technically wood alcohol is called methyl alcohol, although it is also popularly known as wood spirit, car- binal, methanol, methyl hydate and wood naptha, and under 'whatever name it appears it is advisable for any one to let it severely atone. To secure the dicstructive distalia- tiolt of wood it is placed in oval or cylindrical iron or steel retort e are generally set in brick work, and each Is provided with a heavy cast iron, tightly fitting door. A stack leads from each furnace to the outer air. and an. outlet or delivery pipe leads from each retort to a condenser into, Which the vapor containing wood ale cohol and other substances is conduct- ed. The cord wood from which the wood alcohol is made is carefully stacked in the retort until the cham- ber is 4ompletely filled, When cars are used to 'charge retorts or ovens holding approximately eight to ten cords, the entire charge is loaded on the cars an.d run in on rails. Coal Is used for fuel to heat the re- torts. When sufficient heat is applied destructive distalletion of the wood talces place. The gaseous produas pass over, most of them condensing in their progress. What is known as the permanent gas, however, passes along and is utilized for fuel beneath boilers or furnaces. If the retort doors are broken or do not fit prop- erly gases and vapors • escape, which are not alone a- scource of (lenge to the -plant or an irritation to the eyes of the workmen, but constitutes a loss of product. Escaped smoke and gases from retorts are usually eonducted to the furnace rooms, WWII are usnalin large frame structures with monitor root construction. 'Fired are of com- mon occurence in these furnaces,, doe to sparks and cinders lodging en the alder side of the, root, where dust ire depoeited from the retorts and coal pits, , This danger, however, is being -rapidly eliminated 14' the Use 'et cor- rugated irow roofs. • • In sone faetories explosions have oceurreel because, of badepressure of bueratigegie item furnace to retenh, As a resent zetort, doors haye been blown off and woramen stariding near, by have been -killed, Various methode are used to PreVetit back pressure of bOrning gas, one of the Utose etfeetive being an outlet pipe with valves from the main duct iat a point beyond all branch pipe connee- tions from retorts. • A secOnd method is by providing valves in each branch leading from each retort to d main. An additional precaution le that et &inflecting a steam jet to the main pipe. The force of the stern aids in the outward movement ot :the gas, and tae added forward pressure pre- vents It back pressure. In the ceurse of manufacture the condensed liquid is neutratieed . with little, thereby becoming convened into' acetate of lime, which is then dried in kilos. They are usually located on the top of the retorts, so that ,the radient heat of the retorts can be utilized far the drying process. The liime must be • earead- out by hand shovelling, and nitiployees doing this work are expos- ed to e, temperature ranging from 90. to 100 degrees, during the summer, while the temperature of the floor upon which they stand is even higher. Another method of drying, which is preferable from the standpoint of eomfort be the worker, Consists in 'Ideating the kiln in a rbom above the • furnace, The heat collected from the , furnaces is - communicated -to -the floor bf the adledning kiht room, thence discharged ttp a stack to outer •• Woad alcohol is used exteirsively in the arts and create. It tteriteses as a eolVent.for gums, dyes andresins, and as a Wile material for the manttface • ture ot various' dyes ased en the man- ufacture of leather.: Vatitiehealit which wood alcohol is ueed possets the adestatage of ,drying eadeker than those made With' ethylie or grain al Cobol, Weed+ althettol is more volatile • -having a lower boiling point it dries Meter. It is alea Used in man/ Industries where shelled is ereple•Yed, and among those are hat manufactur- ing, dyeing and stiffening artificial flowers, making picture barites, ajz plying varaish to the 'aorta Orbeer vats, shellaeing knots in boatels, var- nishing furniture, pianos, patella toys and wooden patterns. It is also used in stiffening hats, baiting .vars nish and laequer, and dyes and num- erous cheMinale. Even typiste 00- casionally nee it to clean the type of their maohines Without knowledge ite dangortnie properties. • STATE INVESTIGATION. The NOW York State Department of Labor Mental' innthi ail ihtoetigation of (renditions in six thelentritte in whistle wood alcohol le largely Gin- pinyitd, and found a distressing lack of knowledge at tote iitonceirers prole - •Submarine in Warfare, la spite of the fact that the British - have setup steam -driven 2,700 -ton sub - matinee, capable of 5surface speed of &OM, 20 to 25 knots, the itubmarines, • as a weapon of war, is too Mow arid too blind when It is submerged. tobo considered a sserioue weepers of naval warfare. Whet it 'an see, electrically, to a distance of ten to fifteen miles, while it is itubmarget so deeply as to be invisible tett the air mut, and when it ran steem 20 knots submerged it will elomtnate the moil eituation.- Soler title American. . itt11'eps---417ava you ever noticed that • Odle at One learese etete reatried 10401 ertieit ot the liquid and of tlie proper methods of preventing ill effeata among the persons who handled it, These industries were hat manufaete urlug, dyeing of aititicial flowers. Malang picture frames, varnialeing brewery vats, manufacturing penciss and malting varnissh. In the hat rasenufacturing establishineuts visit- ed phyakial defects ot twenty workers we noted, noted, oll elite to wood alcohol, and c,ousisting 01 dermatitis, or skin inflammation, anaemia, nehrsighteel- noes, and coujuctivities, or inflamma- tion of the delicate membrane which linos tae lids and. covers the eyeball. Similar conditions although not quite so severe, existed in the °titer indus- tries, and the Department of Labor inunediately promulgated and enforc. ed rules which lessened the dangers, In a special bulletin covering its in- veetigatiou into wood alcohol indus- try the department gave the following conclusions: "The fumes of wood, alcohol are an irritant to the skin and mucous mem- brane, especially the palpebral and ocular eonjunotiva. Inflammation, of the hands and arms occurs frequently among workers exposed to the fumes or handling wood alcohol; conjunettio itis, at times with a swellieg oe the lids occurs among workers when ex - Posed to the fumes; nearsightedeese, dim and blurred viaion, are frequent headaches and acute amblyopia. which is really a temporary bandanas lasting from twenty to forty hour's, frequently occur, also a perneent blindness and. at times death ensue as the result Of theinhalation ot the fumes. The wood alcohol acts both locally as an irritant and internally as a poison. - SIGN PROTOCOL WHEN AMENDED Huns Want Scapa Flow Re- ferred to Hague. Object to Paragraph Which Allows Invasion. • Paris, Cable, -Germany is willing to sign the protocol putting the peace treaty into Meet, .the moment certain Clauses objectionable to her in 'The ptotoeon are eliminated, Baron- Inert von Leeimer, head of the German dele- gation here, teld the Assooiateil Press this afternoon. When Gentian plenipotentiary was shown the, statement given. out this • morning, that on ;Monday he had in- famedPi Dutasta seeretar f th y o e Peithe 'conference, that -Gerthany had decided net to eign the protocol, Baron von Leesner said: "I have full powers ito signthe, pao- tocol, and am ready te sign it at anY •oF Ex,KANER, Monfeotwhen the queetion of &ape; Flo* is eliminated, and referred to Tled Hague and when there ire also any oirenimstances to deny Waking the stAuGHT R oF pones effective, she die net consider t 11 r poiosible to siga the Additional cleanest to Me protoc01 Uticenditieually. BRUTAL MURDER. GERMAN SAILORS ARMY'S ill : KEERI 41110 I By Unknown House Rob. ber at Detroit. Detroit deepatch: While the yoteng Cella Solsik lay asleep in her crib at her host* title morning with her mother clam by, an undideutified man euterett the house, demanded money of young Mrs. Solsik, and when it was re- - fused, killed ha by cutting her throat from ear to ear. The little girl awoke soon afterwards •MI ere the assassin rifling the bungee drawers. She tried to arouse her dead mother, but failing in this, cried a bit, then drawee off to sleep again, mutteriug "bail mans." The father returnee home late., in the afternoon from hie work at the leorel plant, and founa his wife's blood- • bathed form lying on the floor of the tantrum& while four-year-old Cella was paddling around the floor won- dering why her mother did not awake IN DIFFICULTY: OVER IRELAND British Goyernment Puzzled Over Problem. • Lloyd George Favors One Parliament. • A. Loudon cattle: eayo; Tae Gov- ernment is in difficultiea over the Irieh proleura, according to the Daily area, wiach elm "The full Cabinet, it is stated, is re- luctant to accept the committee% pro - pout for two Legislatures with a uniting executive body, on the ground that the plan will not eatiory ,either Irish or American opinion. It ies (mid that the Premier is now try- ing to induce his Unioniet colleagues to agree to a scheme for one Irish Parliament with a dominion statue, accompanied by an option that any county inay vote for the retention of the existing status under the Impe- rial Parliament." The Conservative wing of the Coati-, tion is sharply disturbed over the Irieh iseue, say e the paper, the younger members favoring a very bold Irloh policy, while the Web. "Unionist faction continees to be unalterably opposed to Rome Rule in any form. Lord Herbert Cecil and Sir Edward Carson lead the respective groups. There ke much conjecture which will capture Andrew Boner Law ae head elf the whole Unioniet party. "It le clear," concludes the Mail, "that the House of ComMone is ahead • bf the Government in its desire for an Irish settlement, and would agree to proposale of a broad character." eathinated ,the• paragraph relating , tO , t_London cable. seen: Speaking at ;the evacuations et leithuania, Which we -P etypridde Wailes; to day, Sir Gor- don Hewarte Attorney -General, said • consider already settled and finite and ti the paragraph which would permit the ' le sit ggesilon was not true that there in a were any dissensions or waverings invasion of our country by armee with reference tonhe trial of former • forces in times of peace on any trivial Emperor am e . • Willi Of 0 rmany The' pretext." •. Ilaron von Lerner pointed out that law &Beers, be add,ed,were continu- this was the first time he bad receivad ' big most careful ,preperations for it. •Pif tr. thousind written statements a newspaper correspondent here. He -With reference to..tite.,matter of prose - Meld lie was cementing -to talk in, this , cuting alininale for their acts during instance ottly becamse he thought that erroneoimpressieri was being the course 6t the war had been osweaned, ream this, ex - created by a misinterpretation the speaker said, et Ger- the audience *id appreciete the many's intentions, . m agnitude of the task and not be de- . ; .. Council," he coutinuel, "what' ter waseno reeeiving the closest at- weeOn- "We have represented to the Su- oeived bei .suggestions that the mat- preme u../. END T . 'siiider amine" proofs that, the Gen- tentioA• ' • • . • man•Government is not responsible for t . 4 _ s . and yet in ordermed to delay the einar :•',A cake' that eveuldeceep a long time . GERMAN BLUFF ' the sinking or the -ships at`Sesaha, Plow; ,,, .' 'a :- A PORK CAE. Gruesome Tale 0 Execution of Thirty Men. N'oske's Order for Ruthless Repression. •••••••••••••••-•••••• deendon, cable: A Berlin deepatcli to the Daily Telegraph, telling of the trial beginning to -day of Lieut. Mar- io -eh, an. officer in the Noske forces, which put down the uprising in Ber- lin last Marcie describes the nlitSBa- ve set thirty members of the Radical naval division. "During tbe serious diaturtances here at tho beginning of March," the despatch sayzs. "11 was deckled to dis• band the people's naval division and arrest the men as they mustered for their pay. With this object a small detachment froui tixe brigade of Col. Reinhardt, one of the, stoutest props of tile Neske administration, was sent ;c4 the uaval division headquarters tin- der the command, of Lieut. Marloch. When the sailors tricaled unsuspect. ingly Into the place appointed for the muster they were met with levelled revolvers and the cry 'hands up.' "By the time the number of las prisoners had swollen to 150, Mario& got uneasy wed telephoned for reinforcements. His appeal was laid tefore Col. Reinhardt, who at once asked whether any of the men arrested hoe been shot, and on receiv- ing a negative reply, is alleged to have said: "Go to Marloch and draw his attention to Noske's order. Tell him he must act ruthlessly and in ease of need at once make use of weepers. With soft headedness and slacknees we sball not get through' 'Further requests for reinforce- inerie were answered with instruc- none sOnilar in tone, but becoming mare aria more definite in their terme. Finally Lieut, WeInneyer, a cousin of Marloch, was given this order: t 'Take an automobile; drive as quickly as you can, and tell Mar - loch that Col. Reinhardt is abiolute- ly furious because he has obviously . not dealt energetically enough with his 300 prisoners. He must make most liberal use of his 'weapons, even if he shoots 150 of them. All whom he has any pretext for shoot- ing he must shoot.' "It is said that Marlooh` turned • pale when b.ci received these orders. He answered to his cousin: "What, shoot 150 men? • You must be mad. I know myself svhat I have to do.' "However, shortly afterward he ordered non-commissioned officers to take thirty suspects into the courtyaed and have them shot. Still, without the faintest suspicion that' • their doom was sealed, the unhappy men were marched. into a corner of the yard and arranged in •three ranks with 'their faces to the wall. Then they were told to turn around. They did so and found themselves confronted by 8 rifles levelled at them.. Only in that moment dia they realize they had been brought out for execution, and that they • were face to .face with death. "The scene must have been a hid- _ eous n•n4 heartrenelering one. Some. ' of the thirty sank on their knees' and lifted their heads In prayer to their executioners. Others huddled itt the corner ot, the court like bunted • rats. Protests of .ionocance, ap- peals for mercy and 'shrieks of fear were soonmangled with the groans of the dying. But the killing went on ruthlessly and with cruel delib- eration. - "It is saia that twenty minutes !Wised before the executioners • were satisfied they had finished their work. They bad done it very thoroughly. Sonte time later the solo - survivor of themaseacre crept out .evounded armee under the bodies of his dead- comrades." Sensational Statement at Winnipeg Tal. Defence Counsel Ru Rot Come -Back. nielnuipeg despatca: "Joe Xnlght," tainiOu tom we tut 0,„41. "OrdnaM4 Depertusent of Deana lee letta received a carloaa of ritleo, and added: 'We ennui aeep our OM on them, as we may need, teem eome day.'" Thiel naa the ecenational statement made by Sergt, la W. Zaueth, a Secret aerate° man, who had Tweed 40 a Socialist, ana had worked az apparent harmony with the Itadicale In the 'Calgary district, at yesterday's trial of It. 13. Ruseele when he (ilea:wed all that had been learned as it result of hie operatione in the inner circle, The \verde roused Robert Ceessidy. MO., counsel for the defences to a hIglz p11011 of excitement, and led hint to make the heated declaration' that lf they were true; It Was remarkable that Knight had been allowed to walk about at le,rge, while Rueseell had " been placed in the dock. At the ulght session Mayor Gray • tookthe etand. He reviewed mate tore leading up to the strine, and spolte tie to how the city wee _for a time under the control of the etrike committee, and of tb.e hardehlps outi dangers that the trouble bad mated, eanclasioniot peace eve will etbinit the Was the eldefashiOned york cake, The li matter to Theague tribunal" pork .veria-eationed very fine. It is -The Gedioan plenipotentiary point- better tnealteit through the chopper. ed out thee the paragraphs of the pro- Then add a oup of molasses, a, cup and tocol to which' hie Goverameot objecte4a- halt& suaaredeetitil bf hot coffee, • ed -were Additions to the protocol as a half a pound of raisins, a teespoon- Provided for in the Peace' Treaty, fel of cloves, one. of cinnamon, one of Waile it was not true, he eald, that soda and flour enough to make a stiff Germany viae seekdng to profit from batter. • • Z i • , ,,, , , , , :, 1, A Nit E.s, 011RsE s . , „ I Ihside Information That She • Will Sign. aprogiodowa.m... Secret Armies Mud Be Dis- armed. • • • Paris cable: The queetion of con- tinued German armament in contra. neaten of the armistice and the Peace • a . , Treaty clauses, is again occupying the, . . T'FF. Suprenin covapn. The serieusnese MAN meetings of the Allied' War .Council the conference is shown .• by further •,.... • ., ,-, . with which the matter is viewed by _ S and the conference delegates. Marshal Foch was even before the ••- • • • , Council, where he is supposed to have ' Complete, TralsformafioiOf Feeliig Since Rcfnsal rto advocated e strict military; measures , against Germany uniese • she comes R.a.tifyt• and Now They Refuse to- Sign the Protocol . ., . . forward to exeettte the treaty and ettlfil 1 : TO SAVE REINHARDT. Why. German Officer Shot Down Sailors. Berlin cable (by the As•aociated Prese)-First Lieut. Marloh, who ia being tried on a charge. of having or- dered executed 29 sailors on March 11 last, succumbed to pressure, and "via. lated his lova of troth and order to save the Fatherland," according • to witnesses testifying in the Case, Some of the witnesses implied that Olarloh acted, also to ehield General Reinhardt, former Prussian War Minieter. One witness declared that Lieut, eilmenb had told. him that Field Marshal von Hindenburg 1104 said the shooting et the sailors; had "saved Berlin front a great misfortune." WESTERN EUROPE NATIONS LEAGUE London cable: A Madrid, deepateh to the Central News says political and diplomatic circles foreshadow an approaching union of ;the nations of Western Europe) mtaprising Great Britaiu, Prance, ,Spaixt; Belgium and Portugal, which is regarded as a pose. tive guarantee for the future. The correspondent says his opinion was gathered from the speeches made at the reeeption in thp 'Palace eo St. Estee leteWard, the new 13ritish NITRATES. South America is the Ohief Source of Stipply. During the great war one ofteti heard the alarming ery about Vie • shortage. of nitrates. What If we should be Oa off from the nitrate • fields of South America? was the quese tion often raised. - • For the time being, We reoeive place neatly all our. nitrate etuiply from the great lake in. Chili. Sodium nitrate, also called .Chili saltpetre, is found in natural deposits in desert regions • along the west coast oe eouth Amer* Ica, especially near the boundary lines between Peru, Chili and Bolivia. The territory la, now ehiefly owned by Chili. The deposits extend about 220 miles in length, and the average width about, twa Mikes* There is praoticaili>. no raM in this nitrate district. Water arid. fuel are both very seexce; so much ea, its foot, that they are employed as- econotei- catty as possible in refining the crude ore. The sodium nitrate crystals are only partially pure when ' they are drained • and dried In the sun, awl then packed for shipment as crtide Chfui saltpetre. • The formation Of the titrote beds or lakes is attributed to ate decompo- sition of sea plants underesuch tionsoon temperature and humidity that the animonia produeed was con- verted into nitrate. by thenoting of the nutrifying boectlus, organiem faun in the eoil. The region -being rain- less, the sodium nitrate was not waste - ed away. The chief use of this Material is Jo raakin ggunpowdm. and- explosiVes, matches, fireworks, and . in certain reetallurgiealoand artaIntleal opera- tions. It is oten einployed for curing meat. It' can .be prepared' into excel- lent chetrilealefertilizet. -,- Still nearer home to most of tis city folk it can be used in maltieg, "Teeigaing" gas, welt* Is what the' dentiat\ gives 1118 patient to pla hint to sleep preparatory to pulling out a trouhicshma,tooth. • • . 7 • . her obligations. ,Tust what these mili- tary measures atheist of no one out- • - Paris Cable — German y has decided not to sign the • Protocol presented her by the Allies as a condition for ' putting the peace treaty into effect,. the Peace Confer- ence has ,been.notified. , • It was learned to -day that ilaron Kurt -von Lers- ner, head 1St the German delegatitm,;here, called on Sec- retary ,Dp.tastia, of the `66,iteren4e,,cilaZonday, and told hint '1iiit k'Arniany. had. Mail o.1500'a, deoisiOn. . • 1 • • 5 • .. , • ma itude is taken as 7.confirming the reparts of a sharp reaction. in German r'within the last fortnight. • r.Prained 'observers of German d.ev;Iopments have ex- . pressed to members of the Peace Conference the view , :that there has been a complete transformation of -the • situation in Germany, brought about, in their opinion, _ by the failure of the United States Senate to ratify the peace treaty. • • These -Observers Oeclare that while, Prance and Belgium. majority Oafootrne inGeenvtri,tatilies.. Thus far, it is stated, no indica- ,btheeforytiantthe tient have reached Paris of arty die - sired the peace treaty ratified as noon • ast-poodmIdilfy0ntiretti7 rttrittid°et. Do oilde, they are neve supporting the 'Germans - the Government's attitude ist resisting The Supreme Council to -day Address - Ma demands of the Attlee hhz !Ode*, • ed a note to Germany proteratieg nity for the sitakieig of the German against the thereto* el Germany's fleet at Scapa Plow, recompense for armament contrary be the PreetielOrts _ which was provided for in the protoeol. Of the peace treaty. - The question upon which the tler. man representatives here, however, Luck is merely a forin of !mitered - upon the trial of German officers ac. tiOR believed in most by them whets awed of the tionunission of (VIM& in kale retiree had atty, • side theconference yet knows. Re- ports of further advances, hito Ger- many, with occupation ef her big in- dustrial and military centra, are not yet confirreed. There canete no quee- tion of a new declaration of war sim- ply because a state of war still exits, but it is deemed unlikely that Ger- many wieuld offer resistance to any allied adatuice should this come. There ea,n be little 'doubt that Germany will ae (*aced tee oeccept the allied cooditione Or etibinit to the consequencee. She Will be called • upon, in the first -plate, to sign the protocol, and infatuation trent Ber- lin seems toindicate ebe is ready to do this, for the departere of a new delegation to Paris is said to be lin. napent Secondly, she Will be told to' disarm Mut dentObIlize her secret armies, tho existence of which is = known to the Allied Council, She Will be asked to give up her officers who are to be tried in the allied Court-martial, and make reparation for the sinkifig ot tho fleet at Scapa Plow. Germatt hopes of it split • among the Allies are rapidly being dished. All peace delegates are lit cOmplete aceord upon trio gnestion of the fulfilment of her obligations. She will find that the allied resist anee is stronger than ever. "And you say you rove Me?" "De- yotedly." "Wth the cost of living as ' high as it 181" "Indeed I do. And when the cost of living comes down, I Will prove my life by making you My wife," -'Boston TratisieriPt. PARLIAMENT— Of 'WIRE& Parte cable: ante now Chamber of Deputies eatablishes wreeord so far as as decorations worn ,by its meMbers are concerned, Wearers of the Leg- ion of Honor include oho who has the insignia of' the Grand Ctose-General Castlenau, one with the insignia of a grand Officer, General liaud'IItty, and two commanders, 26 °Meets and 110 knights, making a total of 140. Some twenty Deputies are able to show t'rance's Most coveted nalitarY decoration, tho Mtlitary Medal, and 260 Deputiee, or more than one-third of a Muse eamposed of 626 members, haVa 'War Crosses. THE eXeRCal OP HABIT. Pareon-Who is making thee terrible noise and tieing that terrible language in your hove*, Mrs. Pearson? aire Nance -We Mile' MY lite - band aline to go to Ile alehureh can't find his prayerboeek.