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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Wingham Advance, 1919-09-25, Page 7PEACE CONFERNCE HAO NO SAY AS TO IRELAND President Wilson Gives Plain Answer to AO tators in the United States Na ions league Will Be Forum to Hear A Serletermination Claims Qu Board President Wilsaan Special table ----zietting forth pub- licly for the first time his laterpret- Maim of the League of Nations con- aellant eet it affects Ireland, Presalent Wftso sald in a Statement to -day tat e the League would constitute a forum before which could be brouebt ail claims for iselteleterrnination wlacit are likely to affect the peace of the world. ."The covenaut would not bind the United States to assist in putting dawn rebellion in any foreign coun. tryai be asserted, "nor would it limit the power of this country to recognize OW independence or any people who Etna to secure freedom," lie said Irelantes CASO wa.s not heard at Versailles because it did not. come within the jurisdiction of the Peace Coeference, The President's statement WAS in reply to a series of questions sent to him by the San lerancisco Labor Council. It 16 understood that within a few days he will reply similarly t� the questions put by other labor bodies regareing Shantung and the repreeentation of 'the British dentin- iglIS in the League Assembly. The President's Statement detailing the Labor Council's questions and ale anewers "(1)—Under the covenaut does the nationobligate itself te aselet any member of the League in putting down a rebellion or its subjects or eenquered peoplea?" Answer: "It does not," "(2)—Under the covenant can this nation independently recognize a government whose people Reek to achieve or have act:detract their in., dependencefrom a member of the League?" Answer: "The independent action of the Covermucia of the United' Statee in a matter of this kiwi is in no way limited or effected by the covenant of the League of Nation." "(3) --Under the covenant are those Fulleet nations or People only that are mentioned in the peace treaty en- titled to the rIght of nil -determina- tion; or does the League poissess the right to accord a similar privilege to other subject nations or peoples?" Answer: "It was not possible for the Peace Conferenee to act with re- gent to the soil -determination of any territories except then which hail be- longed to the defeated einpirce, but In the covenant in the ieague of Na- tions it bes set up for the first time in article 11 a forum to wheel all Claims of self-determination whiclj are likely to disturb the peace of the worlkl or the good understanding be- tween nations upon 'which the peace of the world depends eau be brought. "(4) ---Why was the case of Ireland not heard at the Peace Conference? Andeehat is your position on the sub- ject of .4'f-determ1nation for Ire- land?" "Answer: The case of Ireland wail not heard at Gib—Peace Confeeenco be- cause the Pence Conferenee had eo jurisdiction over any question of that sort which did not affect territories which belonged. to 'the defeated cm - pine. My position on the subject of self-determinatio.n for Ireland is ex- pressed in article II of the covenant,. in which, I may say, I was particularly. Interested, because it seemed to me - necessary fo: the peace and freedom of theworldthat a forum shotild be created to which all peoples could bring any matter which was likely to affect the peace and freedom of the world." 11.111111111111111.1•14.5110smetsommuma .4444.44-4-4 4-44 4- 4-4-4-4 +4-41- 4- ++4-** +++-4-4-4-**-1,-4-1-44-+ 44 4-4-4-4- 4-4-+-4-4. - ° t. STRIKES DELAYED THE PYRAMIDS LaboriTroubles Old as Time,. Ancient Records Show—Powerful 'Unions of Greece and Rome. • 4-1.4.4-** 4-4.-4.4-4-44-+-4- 4 4. •44* -44.\4+-4. If the prevalence of strikes is an in. ARTISTS ON STRIKE, TOO. ditation of the progress of the twenti- Historians state that Greece pes- eta century, ancient Rome and Greece sessed nations of the Bacchic or Di - left us at the pose For not only does leant' record instances of labor un- ions and strikes of actors, masons, bakers, miners and other artisans that pliewietheir trade in ancient cities, but our ancestors went a etep farther and barboted a union of poets, which ac- cording to one tredition was honored onysian artists at least 400 years be- fore Christ, Dr. leoucert points ofit In his researches that many poets were members of the unicm, and he ventures the belief that Homer be- longed to the collegium, as the union was called. powerful branch ottliet organize - e membership of no less a distin- tion was that of the musicians, who, guished bard than Homer, the author it appears, were employed by the of "The Iliad," or, as some have it, the Athenian Government. Tentmakerof campiler of that epic. "the Dionysian • artiets, who furnished Time worn ineeriptions .on stones the paraphernalia of the theatres gathered from every corner of the and correeporeded to the modern antique world — Syria, Mesopotamia, Gera hand, were a:so powerfully or - Green, Sicily. and Et/Tien—and pre- ganized, served in museums, indicate tbat all An interesting account is given by ancient trades, particularly that ot eletorians of a strike of the Athenian ue Mane, who refund to perform at the most important festival of the Government 'became° they wanted compensation for their services. The musicians in Rome belonged to a powerful political body of many trades, This organization elected the city commiseionere cf public worke. During one of the Sainnite ware, in the year 13, C. a09, and at the moment when the Romanis wanted more money than they could collect, the of- t:keels of the city refund to permit the musicians union to play at a feeti- vai to Jupitev at the expnese of the city. The lordmaster of the union im- mediately convoked the advisory board of the organization, which vot- ed a etrike. Forming a column, the monciane took up their march to a distant town acrette the Tiber. WHAT ROME DID: Au ancient historian givethis ac- count of the strike and its eettionmet: "elee Senate of Rome sent a own - inlets -ion to the neighboring- town of Tiber. now Trivoli, to ask the peliti- cal council et the place tem co-opera- tion and interceseion with a view to induce the muelciane to come out of their eulks, return to the feast and give Jupiter the music for nothing. The reception was friendly, negotia- hen again, and on the seventeenth Hone were immediately omitted with and eighteenth dates they also refused the *talkers, but in vain. '1(0 work - to work. On the nineteenth day they men were uncompromising. Alt eo- raised a mob at the governor's palace licitatione were refund. It W116 now and filially eot their demands."' the 'very day before that set for the illasonr3, enjoyed the highest organi- zation and power. Egyptian hiero- glypliies also furnish numerous rec- ords of strikes similar to those taking place to -day. They show that the labor organizations in Rome exercised tremendous political power and were led by powerful labor Madera The first great strike in the world's history, so far ais is known, occurred more than three thousand years ago, according to M. liaspero, the legyptol- ogiet. lie. recants a strike of MRSO113 engaged in the building of pyramids and temples during the reigns of the Pharaohs. He relates that these ar- tisans were powerfully organized, While engaged in excavating and de- ciphering piettire writings of the Egyptians,. M. Weeper() came _across the following ir$erestiug inscription: "On the tenth day of the mentli builders at work on the temple rushed out anctsat down behidd the name excIaitnitng 'We are hungry and there are eighteen days yet before the next pay day,' "They would not work until. the King agreed to bear their complaints. Two days later Pharaoh went to the temple ana. ordered relief given the masons; but on the sixteenth day they A Wane pICflic p shows taffy ert ea the late et thrill in Engrend. Photoer A About to $ tArt on ft n acrI picnic, feast. Fear that the gods would.. vekm them with wrath Mesita to in Itsimatal altsormegeuptorlefible. A etrateg 'The toillaicialls were to be ahltea give a concert. At that poinpous 4 play thew were tit be inveigled , 1 accepting lthatlons, etitich they it clout refund. Stuffed with wine, a when all were unconecious with in riation, they were to he taken bod into cushioned ebariete back to t Menial CitY and. landed Olen' at t Forunit where all was in reedinc inen the saincee of the morroiv. "Tao multitude is a greater ;no pctwer to Me workmen on strike1. the counclie of the great. And wit they awoke num the neater end fou theneteavot euffueed with a :deed litirrah of nearly all the population, Rome guehing with flatteries arou Went, teen they imbibed the full fgr of the joke by which they heel be outwitted, They coneented to play, b not until a ettpulation alai agreed 1. permitting thm eannualty in the f ture to hole a planation on the 13 day of June and mareb with Ithe red flag and carntval uniform throughout the streets, clotbed wi an aecredited permiseion to solie contributline for their benefit." A. reeord of • a strike of bakere 1 ancient times is furnishee by Egelnia hieroglyphics deciphered by a famot scientist. Another account incieentia shoe that centuries before Our era bega bakers were powerfttily OrganiZed 1 t:he old cities. The bakers of two cities Magnesi and Paroe, in Greece, the record show, struck wore and refused I bring. to the regular market the estta supply of bread, owing to a grievane that is not made plain. Tho. eity con ell, env becoming aware of the strike convoked an extra session with the re sult that the strike leaderis were ar rested and the organizatioria dis lupted. Thm The Governor 'ace the fol lowing proclatitation;,"Any baker wh shall ASSOCIato 111U18C1f meetings or who shall excite notation leading to trouble, or who shall secret himself, it or anyone who Omfurnish another with a biding plain, tvill be severely punished," In the year 413 B. C. a strike of 20,000 minrs eocean-ed. in the State of Utica, whence tao GoVernment of .A.thetts derived its gold and silver, The strikers abandoned the mines and escaped, hiring heavelves out to an. other Government agAillSt their Own country. One ot the Most powerful of labor lions in the Roman Empire was that the image makere. The Member - IP atm particularly powerful In phesus, the great manufacturing and umtercial city of Phrygia, whieh also ssessed many'u -other tree° nions, he president of, the linage makers as Demetrius, a powerful leader, bo erereised great influeuce over the wn clerk, the Govermeent and the ople of Ephesus. The image mak- s were also the jewellers ef luodern ese. eite ezxi tit 15- tact , en Ini eb- ily be be tor ral all en rut Lv of 0(1 ee en ut th th It 18 '8 ur or .sa co Po to Pc er times:, tine they made the rings anti bracelets foe the ladies of Route and ihe decorations of the pagan gods. One et the earliest labor ;speeches in alistory was made by Demeritis and is duly recorded in the nineteenth chapter of the Book of Atte of the Apostice in the New Teeteme.nt. The speech, which charged that the doc- trine preached by St, Petit wool(' take away Um living of the Imageernakere., resulted in a tumult of theltpeople. "And with one voice they all . cried Out about the space of tWo hours 'Great is Dianna of the Erihesialls' " "Demetrius was the first .open, orig- inal exponent of the purely economic plan of Asia," says a historian. The laborer must receive the equivalent of the product of his work, and Demetrlus Said St. Paul's condemnetiott of idola- try should not interfere against it." GIRL ,‘ RAFFLES Fr Works 8 -Hour Day, but Makes Good Haul. New York Despatch—Charged with being a girl "Raffles" and confessing., the police sae, that during the Past three months she has robbed 50 apart- ments in the Hunts' Point sectiou OL the Bronx, golly Rosen, sixteen years' old, was held in'2,500 bail here to-dae for examination next ateridaY. The girt, according tit her alleged confession, Said that when she "work- ed" the averaged about three apart - Pieta burglaries a day, and that late- ly her operations had -been on the baste as an eight-hour day and eix days a week. Sun4ays, she said, ehe "rested," Her raids, she said, actitallY netted her $3,000 in cash and $3,000 woth of jewelry, Pretenditir to 'bit calling tm 'one of the tenants, 'Mess Resat said she gain- ed access to melte buildings ahd en- tered unlocked apartnients, Once or twice she was interrupted, whereupon she wept that be was ateeling for, a "sick mother," and after returnittg the victiuns property was permitted to go, Last night the girl entered. the fiat of a sleeping subway motorman. , The motorinan had hung has trousers over the back of antbair, mid the girl, he nal, was rifling his poekets when be awoke. He chased her W the street. where she was arrested, DOGS AIDED WOIMDBII 1YLEtny Soldiers Owed Lives to Trained Canines. Britain's dog annY rendered gal- lant services in the war. Many a sol- dier owee his life to sobte poor, un- • eared -for, stray dog. For nearly two year doge were employed by the British as Measengetsaas sentries and as guards. Early in 1917 a war dog scboot ef instruction vat! 'established by the British War Office; and, Lt. -Col. Richardson, Who has devoted his life trainingedogs for military and po- lice purposes, Was atiPointed eora- mandant of the school. Gamekeepers, huttt serval -Its and eimpherde were called up from the army to assist in the Work Of inistruetion, After a thorough training in Eng - tenet the doge 'were sent to France. and on the battlefields their Akita courage and tenacity Amazed the unity. Often wounded in the nee- formanee of their thttiee, they never faltered wbile strength rentatned to earry on. The official record of their heroic work tells of isneeessOl Ines - sage -carrying through darkness, Inlet, rain and shell -flee weer the Most dif- ficult grimed. In a fele minutes' thn* dogs halt* brought messages over ground that would take a son dier reinter bourn to erots. During the groat Gentian Attlee -ice lata esprirta part of the British lin* CLEAR UP THE,.:),MYSTERY OF THE VALBANERA DURING DAY Ship Found Sunk Near Hey West Seems Much Small- er Than Spaniard, Hey West, Fla., Dcripatch—With wrecking crew and elvers examining the sunken Mill, and with scores or boats isearehing eurrountling waters and islands for traces of bodies or survivors, the into of the 150 passcu- gors and members of the crow of the Spanieh steamer Valbenerai witiell fouudered during the herrleaue last Week, was expected to be cleared UP toalay, Yesterday a steamer bearing the rtame, but reported by divers te be much smaller than the missing Vessel, was found sunk oft Rebecca Shoals light, forty miles from Key West, Ensign B. It. Roberts, coranlander of the sub anaser, also said he bad seen the name plate Valbanera on the wreck„ and his etateMent eonfirmed belief that the molten vessel was the, one sought, There 'were no bodice in the vicinity of the wreck, and nothing to indicate what had become of tlie 300 pasSengerts and 150 members of the crew, Further examination to -day of the wreck lis expected to show whether thoee on board got away in small boate . None tutve been plotted UP, but isearcli of the surrounding waters and adjacent islands is being contin- ued, in time hope that some survivors might have reteched land, ming bod- ies will be found, Moat of those on the ill-fated eteatuer were Spaniel's.% or Cubans, Reporta Yeeterday that during the past several days faint wireless calls. supposel to be from the Valbanera, had been picked up; continued to -day to be a mystery. The tails were satd to have been picked up here and at Havana, but were so weak as to pre- vent any effort tower' Inatiug their source, ALLIED GUNS MAY DRIVE • IYANNUNZIO FROM FIUME Reported t; Have Given Him 24 Hours to Leave the City. 'ParisCable — Captain Gabriela D'Annunzio may be given, 21 hours to move his forces out of Fiume, upon which city a 'squadron of Allied war- ships. has turned' les guns, accenting to advices received here by way ot Berlin, Leibach and Vienna. It Is In- dicated that. this ultimatum will come from the Allied powers, representa- tives of which are reported to have .conferred Abba.zia, about two miles northeiest of Fiume, to which place they retired when Captain D'Annunzio • entered the lattee city. Advices from Rome. say that the Duke of Aosta, a close friend of Cap- tain D'Annunzio, has conferred with King Victor Emmanuel and Premier Nana and it is suggested ho may aet as mediator, in an effort to bring ^ about an abandonment of Flume by the D'Annunzio forces, P1111116 Is Closely blockaded by land end sea, but there are stomp in the eity sufficient to maintain, the People and troops for them months.' Cap. tain D'Annunzio ie reported to ban with him many members of his rea- m aerial squadron, which fought on the Antrian front tiering the war, The _Italian Gm overnent has ordered the magnetos of airplanes at all aviation eanuts Walleyed, :so that no more ma- chines may go to Fiume. NITTI AND TITTONliQUARREL, . Rome Domatch—n(Havas)-1Presnier Nitti and Foreign. alinister 'Mont have diaagreed over the Fiume inea dent, the latter disapproving of the Premier's attitude, according to the, newspaper:3. A brigade of Lombardy troops, which arrived at Fiume and volunterred to join the D'Annunzio fleeces, was sent back to Re garrison, says a despatch to the alessagero. In front of a fr amous French town was i t oft bsevere enemy barrage, A ; 1Jiessenger dog was released with an ; Urgent appeal for reinforcements, It; ran two miles in ton minutes. The I result was that a French coloute l divieion was sent up and prevented I a disaster. The messenger Wad a Highland sheep dog. Another dog with a message rah , nearly four miles in twenty minutes,. and stilt another in the same time I tarried back frona the front a map of an important captured position,, when a man would have taken an i hour and a half to bring It in, • • The doge which have been round most euccessful in war work are con Hes, sheep dogs, lurchers and Airco dales, and crosses of these varieties, while in a number of cases Welsh and Irish terriers have given excel- lent results, The work of sentry dogs has been valuabie, especially in the Balkans. One gave warning of an enemy scout 300 yards away, - On many occasions dogs eave given warning of enemy patrole long before the soldier sen- tries were aware of their presence. Large numbers of dogs -have been used for guard duty, many On the Italian front, +aes-e44-eni-04-04-e-nnen-inte-neet-e44.ena•-•-•-neenn-nnen.44-e-nne Great Peace Treaties That Failed to rk • In the concise but comprehensive created the Grand Duchy of Warsaw wbrk on Three Centuries of Treaties of Peace," by Sia Walter George Omit Phillimore, late Lord Justice of Appeal of Great Britain, published recently by Little, Beown & Co., that eminent jurist retelling to tb.e ap- PrOaehEngo -congress att . Versailles says: "It would be a Sorrow's Crown of Sorrow if this war—a, war for the horrors of which no epithet—no string of epithelia is sufficient—were to end in a. transient and hollow tieace. Let us close them with a solid Intl lasting peace if possible. Un- happily, during the past 300 years _there have been many such attempte; some or them entire failures, few with more than trausient success. Let the flattens try again. and let their states. Men as they try, not neglect the coun- eels to be drawn from experienees of be elneparstic"'7 rring generally to the fail- ures ot past treaties It is the opinion of. the British jurist that the bouhd- elites between States should be nat- ural; that if possible no State coat - posed of peoples desirous of living together .should be divided, Considering the feet Ulu Great Brii tain will take a prominent part at the council table. the. following para- graph is interesting, coining at the; time from ti British jurist: • It must be tietnembered we awe not is In times past dealing with mon- trchs ag If they wore proprietors who iould be made tp cede portions of their estates. The data. of Patrimonial estates are paet. We are dealing with oeoeles and nations. They must suf- 'er, no doubt, for the wrongdoing of :heir governments, but they should tot be permanently severed from the zotintry to which they are attached. ler pat in eubjection to ag alien Tule merely in order to punish their fer- nier country for engagiug In war," That, by the way, will be one of the hard nuts for the congress to track. alut to mime back to the subjeet of past treaties, writers in diecussing them, generally date back to the teaty of Westphalia which ended the rhirty Years' war in 1648, and which recognized tts ite foundation the ne- Oeseity of maintaining a balance of Pereen although its vagueness regard- ing the fixing of boundaries *watt the Aoarse of unending trouble. From that thee to the Pone of Versailles in 1783 there were 32 peen treatiee in middle and western Europe in Willett little consideration was paid •to anything exceptthe righis and 1* - We -4s of tint ereigne and marmite; namiliee, The treaty of Versailles established the indeperidente of the, lititted States, hut Prance, which bad aseistera the ernerienn Coletiles, got little benefit. After Napoleon drove hie Artillery through the three treatiee whereby the three big robber.; of Europe— Prueela, Auntie and Russia—had di- vided Up Poland in 177a,11±4:end He also created kingdoms and grand duchies all over Europe. Holland was .placed under the rule of hie brother Lduis; Naples first under his brother ;Joseph and subsequently ander his brother -in -taw, Murat; the mileie Rhine provinces were formed Into the kingdom of Westphalia tor his brother aerome. Rhineland was form. ed into the Rhenish Confederation; Switzerland was also attached to the °aspire. es wee Italy under the vice regency of his stepson Eugene, and Itis 'Tether Joseph was hien of Spain. Such -was the geographicel condition of Europe with the 'Congress of Vien- na was called on to coneider. The nilstakes of that congress which re- made the men of Europe have doubt - 108:3 .been thoroughly 'dissected by the statemen who will make the most drastic changes in the governments of I:unix since Napoleon's work was un- do»e in Auetrian capital. The, mistakes of that congress were, according to Sir Walter Phillimore. First, the division of Italy without any consideration for the peoples dealt with. EllecOnd, the severance of Norway from the alliance with Deumark and its union with Srveden, to please Bern- adotte, the rot -beer marshal of Franco, who as Crown Prince of Sweden had helped defeat Napoleon Third, the union of Belgium to Hot - 'and, under the sovereignty of the °tepee family against the will of the Belgians. Fourth, the deprivation ot Antwerp of its right as a free port, which. shut out navigation on the Schell, in or- der to divert the conatteree of time Belgiatt port to the :Dutch eities of Amsterdam and Rotterdatn. . Fifth, and perhaps the most troublesome of all the mistakes, Was the practical restoration of the Duchy of Warsaw to the original robbers, with Crew its an alleged reptiblic under Austrian protection, and Posen rettirned to Prussia and Warsaw to Russia. The union of Belgiunt and Holland after 15 years' quarreling, was sev- ered by the aid of France and Eng- land, and Delgittni beeame ittraban- tine kingdom, with a guaranteed neu- trality. which inc Ilun violated four years ago Norway after years onto- satisfaetin broke aWay from-Stvedee in 1905 Italy ['outwit for years before she came a united, kingdom, and now Poietul, after many yearn, 113 about to lie ellen intik her national eXisteliCe ef whieh she eas dePrived ba the cell - greets of 1815, and the settlement of whom, Oahu to the restoraticin of the territory' ithe possessed prior to the division of 1771 is One of the mast eerious legacies of the Congress of Vienna to the approeching Congress of Varsaillete Anhr otetreaty willeh has caused move of the trouble responsible for lepe, ey another tinny, that or 1.0,,it ot eenit ear Met ceneinded was the in 1807, he divided up Prove.' and treaty ef !Mat betwten Prienis. and Amerika After Prussia bad defeated , Amaze* at Sadowa a peace eunaretat IN as held at Praglie. As a realm the Aware -Hungarian /MOM Was creat - cd itud all the Otani in the dual king - dame were so divided that tactile blues were ignored SO that the finds and ItUttlenians on the north and the alovence on the eoUtit Were Under Austria and the alovake and Serb°. Croats under Hungary. When the Francatierman Wan wait cilesed by the treaties of Versailles and Fraltkford, in 1871, by forcibly wreet- Mg Alsace-Lorraine from France, de- spite the desires of the resedents and the exaction of 111,000,000 francs in- demnity ;Mother cause of deep.seateci a[isfattott was created for which Germany will be called to reeler an accounting by the coming' congress, The Berlin. Congress, which set- tled the condition arising from the Rune -Turkish. War of 1878, coast!. tuted the [Wend direct source of the trouble from which the present war sprang. It caused trouble between Stable and Bulgaria; it reeved, against the will ot the people, the Austro Hungarian protectorate over Mosel; and Herzegovina, and in 1908 Austria added to the diecontent in time Slavic lands by simple annexing Bosnia and lierZegovina, in frangrant viola- tion of her agreement. Then, on the conclusion of the Bat lam wars, the unsatisfactory peen, whereby Auetria and Germany deprive ea Serbia of part of her acquisitien, and whieh led to the Scrap between iBuiesi.gerla and Serbia, with Rountanie [subsequently joined Germany, and had apparently been won by the Al- a °Bowed the treaty of Bucharest, whieh so dissatisfied Bulgaria that ehc thereby prolonged the wan after it and Greece allied with Serbia, there teo that, in considering the questions arising at the approaching eonfer- euce, the Congress of Versailles, if. it goes 110 farther back than the Coe - geese of Vienna, may contemplate the feet that the mistakes of the Congress of Vienna resulted in troubles that brought on the war of 1866; that re- mitted in the Congreee of Prague, ii7oliraui ontsienrlitkes led up' to the Franco - which was ended by the 'PlE100 of Versailles and the -Congress of Pranktort, the mistakes of tvhich were teamed by those of the Con- gress of Berlin, which caused the die- ebetent among the Balkan Slays against Austria-Hungary, which final- lyled to ouch a feeling against the Slays by tbe Austrian and Magyar ,Tuekers, baceed by the Prussian Hun, that the destruction or Serbia, was decided, on, and the world war, was precipitated through racial hatred, greed tor power and military!' madness • ot the Prussian Hun. who had been tho Principal gainer bY nearly every Peace congress since that of Vienna not only restored to the Hohenzollern ,hetgs. all the territory lost to Napol. mom but gave them the great districts •of the Rhineland and Westphalia,, w hich are now threatening to break away from Prussia. FIRING SQUAD WAS INLINE French Traitor Had Close Call for His Life. Arrest of Prominent Deputy is Expected. Paris Cable — The • dramatic escape early this morning of Pierre Leiner from death t the hands of a firtng squad in • the' Vincennes 'Woods was the subject of lively con- Versetions in praitical circles to -day. Lenoir had been tried with Senator Humbert and,other defendants on a elanage of having communicated mili- tary intelligence to the enemy and wars Sentenced to death. The firing squad already had taken its place and preparations were being mede to escort Lenoir out to meet death from a volley of the riflemen when the condemned man begged to be coetronted with Premier Caillaux, who,is under charges Mintier to those on which Lenoir was couvicted. The execution was stemended and the con. - detested man remained in bat cell. NOthing has been officially given out concerning the personages who zney be affected by Lenoir's death - doer accusations, but mernbere of the Chamber of Deputies, in dis- cussing the matter to -day, declared that the Caillaux ease was men. timed, and also that the inane of Erniest Judet, former owner of the Paris newspaper, L'Eclair, who is tinder indietmeni, here ou a charge of havihg bad dealings with the eemny le the 'runtime of founding of French newspapers with Ger- man capital came up, .Tudet for a long time has been In fewitzerland. The arrest ot another member of the Chamber of Deputies and aliso of a prominent bewspaper owner Is said ter be expected :shortly in con- nection with Lenoir's statement, and it evae evou united that his reveia- nous might eause a reopening of the Humbert ceee. Lenoiras 'escape from the waiting executionrs -was nothing :short of miraculous, Captain. Julien declining to postnatal the executiou, signing the register of the Sante prison aecouitt- Mg for Lenoir, and ordering Lenoir to proceed to enter the waiting auto- mobile which wee to convey him to - the Vineennes wood and death. M. De Moline, Lenoir's; irtwe.er, nearly bad an altercation with Captitin Julien While endeavoring to secure a few minutes' respite for the- prisoner in Order that Ile might telephone to M. Tante, 11nder,Seeretary of State for Military Juetice. Havingenured the permission to telephone, M. De Mellon secured a reprieve of an hour for the Penner, AL De Molines then entered an automobile and raced to the home Of M. Wotan who received him in his night elothes at 5 o'clock in the man- illa' and made the stay of execution of the eentenee indefinite, Candles rremsitunian rat, Among soap anomalies limy be men- tioned human -int toilet emit), known over esentinentel Europe the plea tan. tury or more and indicate,' be nine meanies Its it enperior emollient. This; eounde rations, lints the art of net) making is not tiarticularly noted for ffti sentlinent. The fat stock wee Ob- tained trent cadavers of hospital aria morgue derellete end tried out like any other fet. Candle:it ter especial pun Immo have AiF0 Iieen nettle. front Int - men fate-Scientifle America)). The man wait killed awl the AVOIllillt IVAtti wattntied in the knee. DIRECT ACTION IS CIVIL WAR Ames M. Beck's Plain Words at Philadelphia, Bolshevik Menace Now the PrOblent Phelidalphie Deepatiih—At the linen Lat1011 01 tile Alike Watriotic Societies 'if Philadelphia, Amen M. Beek, for- inerly Assistant Attorney•Getteral, de. livered in Independence Ilabi au ad - 'treat in commemoration of the anni- ventary of the Federal conetitution. Alv. Beck made a maeterly analysis of what he called "the six fundamen- tal principles of the constitution, which constitute the great contribta Oen -or ita framers to the ordered. Pro - 'gen of mankind." He then enunteri 41.0 Haute of ttie direction 111 101101 luring tee Met twenty-five years, he said, "there has been 40 alarming de- partuee from the principles upole which this Government was foriudela One such instance be cited in these :erms: "Even the concurrence of the Sen - etc in the treaty obligation or thc t.ountry has been Impaired under many administration by protocols, in- ronnal treaties, and latteely by meth- ods of treaty making winch make the free decielou of the Senate difficult, if not impossible."' The sPealter therm nontieued: "Alarming as are these tendencies, infinitely more portentous is the shift - lig of power front the Government to organized Matins—and -the tendency lr our time Is so grave that 11 theeat. ens the very existence of organized society. When any class becomes so aumerotts or powerful that it eau force its will upon time Government, not through the ballot box. but through its control over the neceesi. Iee of life, then the Government ex - 1 11 name and not In form, and eueh A nation has been Boishevised. "Even - in England, once pre-emi. nentlY the land of aUtho:Ity and law, there is manifest danger at this hour of -a soviet governments -in fact, if not in farm. There the miners, railroad employees and. the dock laborers have united in a trinity Of power, not to impose their views upon their employ. ers, but to compel the Governmuet to take political action, under the throat that 'otherwise the people of England will freeze and starve. "This they have called 'direct ac- tion,' meaning thereby that they are net content to assert the legitimate Intends of their -alas; through the ballot box, which Is thus implicitly tignuttized as indirect, "It is a time for plain words. 'Di. act action' 18 civil we-, and unless be checked there le an end of free 40-v2mi:tent. "Our own land has not been ex- mpted from simliar exhibitions of lass 'tyranny. No nee questions Ile right of labor to organize and o strike to compel the employer to ecogntze the demands of the em. loyee, This is inherent in the lib- rty of man to work or to retuse to ork, as he- think proper, But when aaor organizations, the nature .of hose 'work enables them to strangle he industries of a country use tilts ower t� coerce the Government to ompel the employer to surrender his qual liberty, teen the nation Wftich oierates such a spirit of anarchy ex- ts only in name and the freedom of people has been effectually de- troyed. "On the eve of the last Presiden- al election the. organization whicb Presents the lebor ,engaged in ansportation—as essential to the e of a nation as the circulation of 0 blood is to the life of an individual arrogantly seeved notice upon' the reeident and Congress that their ages must be raised. by statute. With stop -watch in their hands they de. ended immediate compliance witli eir imperotts demands and not only d the President and tile Congrese eld, but even the. Supreme Court at to the storm itt sustaining as nstitutional an unprecedented exer. se of the legislative power. 'Can ch things be, and overcome us as a mune-- ,clonee Without our special ewer?' "ft is gratifying to add that when serond attempt was very recent. 'made to turn (hie free Iteptiblic to a Soviet form of Government, d the same labor leaders demand - (he pilotage of an Act which uld largely take from the ownere railway securitint th eir owe pro- rly, both the President amid the Coll- ege, without division, refused to emi- tter to the arrogant demand, In 'erica—thank Goca—the spirit of stitutional Government is not Yet ad.W 'Who, however, ean undereste to the peril? lf the labor lead - who control mining and tran- tation can deny te the people 1 and Reel unless their demands legislation are met. there is an I. of fres Government." 0o -operation, n a polittusrrl plantation IVP1'0 two small negro boys, Beret, and Wesley. who did the milking. Wesley was in- duetrious, but Berry was lazy and an wars tried to make 'Wintry do the work. Ope evening the lady of the house went oitt to the kitchen. And said: "Berry, have you brought the milk in?" "Vase% 1 fotonea it in, didn't you, Wesley?" 1 1 Is It ti re tr lif th a mn th UI ei be co el AU 11 in an rd wo of pe gr ren Alt con de ma ere poe coa „tor ere 0 A Great Cataract. j What is set down as the greatest cataract in the world Is on the Iguazu River, which partly separates Brazil and Argentina. The precipieo Over Which the liver plunges is 21.0 feet Mgt), that of Niagara being 167 feet. The catered is 13,123feet wide, Or about two and a half times as wide as Niagara. 11 Is estimated that 100,000,- 000 tons of water passes over Niagara in an 'hour. A like estiniatie gives tile falls of Igtiazu 140,000,000 tone, WindmillZleetrielty. Windmills ere Used to generate elec. trieity Itt tho Netherlands, Where wa- terpower is amity. The wine act - big through the windraill drives the gerierator, producing the electricity. Which le the stored in a etorage bit. tery and nett for Vetrioue pUriMisee, boaituhteerne isthrtt,a, aolvopilloolellohto oaf rdelfefiliortehneede 0 41 n114. ht nwfl A110t11:1.t11' rpPajgtheitee°71J7tb4e111Se 51111tir ‘ 117[1(11.71 Quaint Custom of Oldtrthir eetelenenentetnotee+o-set ann.+. In ancient HMIs eke Litattlentart people, living by. the Paine Bela ottede pied A Minn larger territory than tnten 00 13QW, rout time itnnonoroito the shelve of the Bailie Sea and the SpitAfe between tile Thane and the other aide of the Dna, Was the One evittell tiler coneldere4 thetr own. Recent historie and linguistic researchesi round inearti'. Meets attesting that aa far baek aa 5,000 years ftga the ancestors of the Lithuanian were already husbanding gratna and raising cattle. Elam Rec-1110, the eminent France nientist, • the father of modern geograPnYi clalms that the tannage ()tithe Lithu- anians is more beautiful than Latin, Greek or Hindu and that it is even older than Banserit, Due probably to the fact thee the Lithuanians did not accept Crietienn ty until the cloSe Of the fourteerlth century the people lived an iniateci lite, welch is now part of the Lilleu. • ardaa cbaracter, and in this Whetter' the,dy manitained rentnants of an, eld OUltllrOf Mlle elements of. winch ean, be seen from tlaeir quaint -customs and beautiful feeder°. Tbe Baltic shores have praeticallY furnished the leaven for the world's folklore. Almost every wblcb Europe.conteins its element, are unmistakable when one considers the fact that tbe Lithuanians 'were one of tho first people that gettled in There were no streets or roads in Lithuauta. Each farm was like an independent kingdom, iteirandficlent and self-contained, .A. primitive stearn bath establishment in which thehvbele faintly took the weekly bath, the 'pine was -considered of first necessity. The most iereresting and luxurieue part of Lithuanian farre was time Mete or avirna, whiclt in this language means granary, and which served the peasants for 'the storing ot their wealth in harvest and tools. But the ifportance the Klete is given in. the Lithuanian folk. songs led to re - nations whieh explained it all. Over the Klete were the sleeping reams Of the farraer's daughters, and when the songster sang about the wealth ef the store he also included the Aaltlit Irv- ing in the upper store ef the settee - house. , The discovery of the symbolical ups of the word Kiete tea to nanny other interesting discoveries, It was seen that the old .Gurtininkate the poets, too shy to speak about men and women, »poke only en symbolical terms, :The moon le tee male, the sun the woman he woos, stars the daughters, planets the sons, earth the mother, and so on, One can' easily graep to what variation each synebol- I"IDtirelandgEsIthe harveet the first grains were brought to the mistress of the farm by seven dancing girls. A queen Is selected among them and dancing and singing they react% the door of the lady's room, She accepts ,the gift and also answers with a sone. The slightest deviation from the original text is considered a irreparable alis - take. :Most of the business la trans- acted in an impersonal way, through songa and proverbs. The demand in marriage, the acceptence or renal is sung by all the parties. The refusal is as impersonal as the demand. A plan held in great respect is the Names, the hearth. In olden times it was in the middle of the room. The Lithuanians were -sun .and tire wor- shippers, antl it is possible that the hearth was the place at whieh the rites of the old cult were observed, and the Zibinta, the lamp, and a box in which dry wood Is kept to start the fires are the most ornate pieces ot fu11 is rniture.aintained that in certain parts of eatheetania, in isolated corners and" secretly, the old cult's rites are observed even to -day. Almost, every piece of furniture is beautifully or- nate. The wood carving of the peas - etas Is of marvellous delicacy and the gift they have for colors has already been remarked by the whole artistie world. In the long winter menthe anti worke are carried oat by each Member of the family, and reputations spread there as rapidly as elsewhere. The ability and the industry of the Lithuanians fathered the following proverb: "A. Lithuanian goes into the forest leading his horse and returns front there with the horn harnessea Lt Athanuocatanhrierarirae i itlia.lr'P'm is the spinning rootn. ortant place on the in what the flax, the linen and the wool aro made into cloth for the whole household. The poets, the rhapsodes, Kanklininkas, are called upon to recite their poems mid tell stories and Mends .to help the wotetett pass their thbe, mid each etage of the work from the raw material to the fin - !Abed produet bas its particular lore. The young men of the tarm vie with each' other in the work of decorating the spinning room. The Kaukles, a sort of guitar, carved and painted with the emblem of the house, is used for the accompaniments. In the nian- nor of the old Greek rhapsodes the Poet recites or sirloin verse which the audience inamediately repeats after him. Such nights are the delight Of the household, and ore and young, master and Servant, participate on equal terms. Most et those quaint, customs aro still alive ie. Lithuania in spite of all that was done by the Germane and the Russians, the oppressors of the people, to destroy the national Ilfe of this "oldest acittlers" of European -K, iiiercoviel in New York Sue. DUCK HUNTEn &HOOT'S WIFE. son, thirty, wife of a Linnet Motor coim. pany employee, was AOC Detroit, Sept. 1.Voodward Law - Mentally shot and instantly ntlled by her husband while on it duck -hunting trip near island Lake to. day. Tito couple had Just decided to re. nun horne when Mrs. Lawson espied a duck and called excitedly to her husband thalwi °soot]; grabbed his shotgun end fired directly toward where lila wife stood pointing with -her back toward his, The entire, he char_ge ente*recii:he wonuttes head ai21 adied instantly. 1311ANTFa0nRatt:ilialW1 jvANe *ssStwro.) TilLLEtT. (, Brantford, Neat. a2. -Meyer MeteBride left for llamilton to.day to invite Best Tillett, British labor leader, to address the cornett/Ion of the Brantford indenon- tient Labor patty on Freely evening, when a candidate will be entered in the riding of f•louth 13ranl for the provincial elvetions. BELGIAN RULERS TO U. S. ut. $pecial (.'able.) els, Stipt. 22. --King Albert, Queen th and Crown rrince Leopold left thli morning tit 840 o'clock ror lettere they will go Int hosrd 1110 heorge We.1tt1gtwt for their to tin, rutted :notes.