HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Huron News-Record, 1894-05-23, Page 80
iTL NT O S'TNONUNOLDS
,A Fire in Bermuda Handled by an
Admiral in Halifax.
T>uo F oraressel Great Britain )Etas
Built TJpon the American Coast,
and the ll.tues of Cable Connect -
Ing Them,
"Here is the Trost suggestive letters I
ever received," said a New Yorker, whose
business takes him frequently into the
British possessions in America, "There
are half a dozen lines In it that any
American Might ponder over for a
week."
This is what the letter said:—
"The Ireland Island business is the only
exciting thing we have had recently, and
you may be sure that stirred us up while
it lasted. We expected every minute that
the powder magazine would go and wipe
everything out. But the old man handled
the business beautifully, and for a few
hours we kept the. wires red hot. A novel
method of managing a big fire, wasn't it.
"That sounds commonplace enough,"
the New Yorker continued, "until you
know the circumstances under which the
letter was written. Ireland Island is in
Bermuda, and 'the Ireland Island business'
means the recent burning of several of the
British navy yard buildings there. This
letter was written in Halifax by a naval
officer, and 'the old man' refers to the
commander of the North American and
West Indian squadron, .presumably the
Admiral: The letter means that the min-
ute the fire broke out in
, THE BERMUDA DOCKYARD
the Admiral in, Halifax 900 miles away sat
down at .the end of a wire and directed
every important movement that was made,
for the preservation of the property.
"I know dust how the business was
done, for I have had experience with
those West Indian cable lines, sometimes
to my sorrow. The Government subsi-
dizes them all, and reserves the right to
take possession of them whenever occa-
sion requires. When a Government
despatch comes in all private business
must stand aside. They will stop a pri-
vate message in the middle of a word if
necessary to send the official one. The
minute that fire broke out on Ireland
Island the Halifax and Bermuda cable
was in the bands of the Admiral, and
you could not have got a private
message over it to save your life till he
Field he was done with it. That gives
some idea of the little kingdom the Britisb
have set up right off our coast.
"I do not think our people in 'general
understand that the British have estab-
lished a complete little kingdom
extending all along the Atlantic
coast, controlling not only the ccean
but the great lakes and the Gulf of Mexico
as well. I do not know of a more for-
midable line of defences in the world. It
is made up of only four points—Halifax,
Bermuda, Jamaica, and St. Lucia. Every-
thing is concentrated upon them,"
"I will give you a little idea of what a
business man sees in making the voyage
along this
LINE OF FORTIFICATIONS,
TillRYt9lf4' SIM& CehhE
s a commerote' enterpriap, and does not
belong to the QoyernMent, sothere b Daly
one explanation of this heavy reserve. In
pass of trouble au enemy Might cut the
cable; and, if this ahotild happon you
would see a man-of.War go out in a
hurry to repair it or lay a new cable.
They can't afford to lose their telegraphic
communication with the West Indies.
"It ie not more than five or six years
since the troops and warships in Bermuda
were supplied with rain water stored in
Lanka, There are immense tanks in St.
George's for this purpose, and a great
rooky hillside was smoothed to catch
the rain as it fell. It was excellent
water and there was always plenty
of it. But the time might come when so
many troops would be massed on the
islands that there would not be water
enough to supply them, so one of
THE LARGEST SET OF CONDENSERS EVER
MADE
was put up at the dockyard for distill-
ing sea water. With these condensers at
work, the supply of fresh water can
never fail.
"The fortifications of Jamaica do not
compare with those of Bermuda, but it is
still a formidable place. The entrance to
the harbor is so narrow that one or two
ships could easily hold it against an enemy.
The island is principally useful to the
British as a coaling station and second-
rate repair shop in time of peace. It is in
telegraphic communicationwith Bermuda
and St. Luota, and is so near the latter that
help could reach it speedily. But if the
British should wish for any reason to
BLOCKADE THE GULF OF MEXICO,
Jamaica would be an important point.
You uuderetand there are only two en-
trances to the Gulf, one between Cuba and
Florida, about ninety miles wide, and the
other between Cuba and Yucatan, of
nearly the same width. A few ironclads
in each of these passages would cut the
Gulf completely off.
"St. Lucia is less know* than Bermuda
but at is looming up into one of the great-
est British strongholds on this side of the
Atlantic. It is only twelve miles from 'the
French island of Martinique, and it is of
little account except as a military and
naval station: It is one of the best harbors
in the West Indies, surrounded by high
mountains, which are heavily fortified.
About 400 men are constantly at work
there makin z new fortifications and im-
proving the harbor. Within the next five
years it will be almost as strong as Ber-
muda. It is already the military head-
quarters for the West Indies.
When a British admiral can sit in his
house at Halifax and direct the manage»
ment of a big fire in Bermuda and when
war ships can go from one of these sta-
tions to the next one in forty-four hours,
the islands cannot be considered very far
apart. It is not stretching a point, I
think, to speak of the British kingdom ex-
tending along our coast."
as I 'do several times every ' year. The
passenger steamers run from Halifax to
Bermuda in four days, but they are slow
coaches. Such a veesel as the Blake, with
her 20,000 horse power, could make the
run easily within forty-eight hours. That
gives her an allowance for some delays at
start and finish; the Admiralty schedule
puts her down for forty-four hours
tween the two points. Bermuda, as ever
body knows, is an island surrounded by a
network of coral reefs, through which
there is only one channel by which large
`; .: -- - -r.Tr-+..fir- ".+.. • ... ..... : - � ... - .
t 'Milan regards. as ilia particular' foamy, } muiiT Cmx4, BE, wilool!TQUlli7
EI ,
LA7 EFWFQTUQPF• I could not be found Itis assefed at that '
A OAT AEQEaiYEB. WIT1-j< A AWAIT
MEMORY FOR FACES.
Agricultural Abstracts.
In a week or two after farrowing the sow
will develop an enormous appetite, and she
should have all she can eat, but not food of
a fattening character. Skim milk and fine
wheat middlings make the best combination.
This furnishes material for making a large
amount of inilk; though 'it may not be the
richest it will keep the pigs thrifty. If the
pigs do not get enopgh it is better to feed
them sparsely than to gi.ve richer food to the
sow, weich will be likely to fatten her. On
the right kind of diet a. young sow will make a
considerable growth of frame while she is
rearing her pigs. If.ahe does not it is evidence
that she is not given enough food, or of the
right quality.
Didn't Know the Wotwlan Me Prom-
- hied zo Marry war, Ws Own Wife-,
The Wickedest Roy la Vienna...
Eccentric Love making.
A COUP D'ETAT EXPECTED IN BERViA.
London, May 21,—The tranquillity of
public affairs throughout almost the whole
of Europe, in the past few days, gives
prominence to a series of incidents in the
experience of Individuals, here and there,
so out of the ordinary that no novelist
would dare use them. fbe most remark-
able of these queer stories comes from St.
Petersburg. It concerns Mtchael Yaltidze,
his wife and an American young woman.
More than 12 years ago Yaltidze, then a
schoolboy, fell in love with the pretty girl
of his own age in Hungary. They were
married on short acquaintance. The
parents of Yaltidze, when they learned of
the match, sent him to America under an
assumed name. He settled to Alabama,
where the iron discoveries of the past few
years enabled him to make a large fortune.
Recently he fell in love with an American
girl, told her as much of his story as he
thought was good for her to know, and
then undertook to escape from the early
bond. The marriage could be dissolved
only by the ecclesiastical court, which de-
mands a cloud of witnesses to the alleged
misconduct, and must have solid reasons
in the shape of current coin for completing
the investigation before the parties grow
old and toothless. There are special
lawyers who for a lump euro furnish
advice, documents, willing witnesses, and
a warrant that the spiritual court will do
the rest.
Yaltidze directed one of these to pre-
pare his case, and soon after he started for
Russia to see the matter through. He
stopped at London, Paris, and finally
Wiesbaden, where he made the acquaint-
ance of a charming Russian lady, who is
said to be an artist. She soon supplanted
the American girl in his affections. He
prolonged his visit for weeks, and so dis-
regarded the conventionalities that scan-
dal arose. He declared his passion and
asked her to marry him as soon as be
obtained a divorce from his American
wife, which he said he was expecting
by each mail. He was incautious enough
to give the name and address of the
American girl as those of his wife.
Finally he hurried on to Russia to see
how the case, against his real wife was
progressing. The lawyer Wormed him
that he had bad hard work to get the case
in proper shape, but it was all right now.
No perjury would be needed, as the mis-
conduct of the wife was notorious. Ile
then explained that the wife had been
living for some time under a stage name
at Wiesbaden, and for some weeks had
been notoriously intimate with a wealthy
American, giving his client his own Am-
erican alins.
The amazed Yaltidze demanded that he
stop his silly joking. The lawyer declared
that he was in earnest, and called in a
detective to corroborate him. The latter
entered. "What did you say," he asked,
"was the name of -the gentleman who
stayed with Mme. Y. in Wiesbaden, and is
the co-respondent in the divorce case?"
"His name is N. But that is the gentle-
man himself there."
"What do you mean, you scoundrel,"
shouted Yaltidze, and then fixing his eyes
upon the witness, he said:—
'Why, you are the blackguard I threat-
ened to thrash in Wiesbaden if 1 found
you hanging about my lodgings any
more."
"Yes, sir. I was engaged to watch Mme.
Y.'s movements in Wiesbaden. That's why
I dogged her steps and yours. The lady is
willing enough to geta divorce. She has
a promise of marriage, she says, from au
American millionaire."
When Mme. Yaltidze heard her hus•
band's story from his own lips she wrote
a sweet letter to her husband's alleged
wife in the United States, introducing her-
self as that lady's successor, and asked to
be informed of the result of the divorce
case.Tben she instructed a lawyer to sue her
husband for alimony on a high scale, and
to assert' that she knew all along that her
paramour was her lord and master.
Yaltidze has disappeared. The brother of
the American girl is prepared to shoot him
at sight,
Johann Meyer, 11 years old, one of the
wickedest boys in Vienna, had been spank-
ed many times for running away. Finally,
to enable him to gratify his desire to
escape, late at night he stole the
big door key, sawed the handle through,
filed the ends as sharp as a needle
point, drew them through the akin of
his waist, and then hammered them to-
gether, and the key hung from his body
like a ring from the nose of a savage. He
was thus enabled, by standing on a chair,
to open the door and leave the house when-
ever he liked. This went on for weeks
until he got in a fight with other bad boys,
and was bit a heavy blow where the key
was. He was taken senseless to a hospital,
and the doctors were unable to remove the
key till tbey sawed it in two. The boy's
life was in danger for several days, but now
it is expected that he will live to be
spanked many times more.
Thomas Barnes, a young man described
as holding a good position is a suburb of
London, bas been paying court to Miss
Frances Mitchell. Love did not agree with
him. He got tbin,and could not sleep nights.
Instead of consulting a doctor, Barn es
went to the gypsies, from whom he ob-
tained a prescription. Then he invited
Miss Mitchell to take a walk in the gloam-
ing. Arriving at a secluded spot he
pricked the astonished young woman sev-
eral times in the arm, smote Her a violent
blow in the face, and fled. The prescrip-
tion, it seemed, was to be used vicariously
upon Miss Mitchell, who had her eccentric
lover taken to jail.
Barnes informed the police magistrate
that the gypsies told him that it was neces-
sary to bruise the skin and draw blood
from the lady of his choice, both of which
he did effectively. The magistrate was in-
clined to give Barnes a taste of hard labor,
but, yielding to the entreaties of Miss
Mitchell, whose love was not estranged by
the eccentricity of the young idiot, he was
merely bound over to keep the peace.
Servia is the only feverish spot in Eur-
ope now. Everybody expects sine sort
of a sensational outcome of the crisis in
Belgrade within a few days, if not hours.
The event generally anticipated is a second
coup d'etat by the youug King, with the
aid of bis father and Prime Minister
Nikolaievitch. The aim is to put an end
to the power of the 'Radicals, whom
Milan regards as personal enemies. The
King will probably suspend the constitu-
tion and establish an absolute Gov-
ernment with the aid of the army.
The first steps were taken on last Tburs-
day, under pretext of the discovery
of a conspiracy in favor of the Karageor-
gevitch dynasty. All suspected of being
supporters of the rival house were arrest-
ed. The chief culprit, Pasiteh, who has
been Serviaa Ambassador at St. Peters-
burg up to the present, and whom King
A New Zealand farmer tried sowing brim-
stone on a patch of Canada thistles, ar.d he
reports that it completely destroyed them.
lie sowed it thickly enough to destroy all
vegetable life for two years, but after that the
soil was as productive as ever and he had rid
the land of thistles. There are other much
less expensive ways to destroy Canada thistles
than this. Letting them get into blossom and
then plowing under deeply, so as to cover the
growth of tdps, with little breaking of the
roots, will destroy them. If any appear from
roots that are not attached to_ the stalks, cul-
tivation during the summer, so that none are
vessels can approach. It is as thoroughly altot of them.dabove the surface, will make a finish
guarded by nature as any island in the
world. The ship channel opens at the
east end of the island and runs elose by
the shore for ten or twelve miles, and any
enemy would be exposed to a destructive
fire throughout that distance.
"Bermuda is much ,like Halifax in the
fact that
FEW FORTIFICATONS ARE VISIBLE
to the visitor. Two forts can be seen at
kit. Georges, at the east end, but they are
old-fashioned stone constructions that do
not look formidable. You can drive all
over the island and not see more than these
forte. And you can stay there for six
months, small as the place is, and see no
more signs of military occupation than you
see in New York. But the fortifications
are there, as can be readily learned by sail-
ing around the islands in a small boat or
going up into the Gibbs ;Hill Lighthouse.
"The north side is so well protected by
coral reefs that 110 forts are needed' there
beyond two or three that might be neces-
sary to destroy a vessel that attemped
the channel. It is on the south
side of . Bermuda that forts are needed,
because the reefs there are not so wild.
An enemy might come up within three
miles of shore. You can drive all aldng
the south shore, within two or three
hundred feet of the beach, and not see a
sign of a fort; but take a boat and sail
along the beach and you will see that it is
almost a continuous fortification. One
fort follows another so fast there is hardly
room for grass to grow between them.
And they are all connected by sunken
passage ways, as can be seen from the top
of the lighthouse.
"If the British had made Bermuda they
could not have designed an island better
suited to their purposes. The very things
that • make it invaluable to them would
make it almost useless to this country. We
are in no need of a coaling station and re-
pair shop within '700 miles of our own
coast, and that is precisely what Bermuda
Is to the British. In time of war Bermuda
would be
'THE GREAT COALING STATION
In times of great scarcity of potatoes it is
possible to get good crops by removing the
outside skin, cutting pretty deeply where the
growing germs are set, and planting these,
while using the middle of the potato as food.
But it needs rich soil and well-prepared seed
bed to do this. The substance of the potato
in connection with the germ furnishes
the first sustenance for the young plant un-
til its roots got hold of the soil. It is
difficult to get the right kind of plant food for
the potato set where it can be used so easily
as in the setting Refill. Economy of seed
should only extend to care not to plant too
many eyes or buds in a hill. 'rhe larger the
piece of potato attached to each of these the
better it will grow.
It is, perhaps, a sign that wool and wheat
growing at present low prices are not paying
the Australians as they used to do, that they
are beginning the manufacture of cheese.For a
product that has to go half around the world
to find a market, cheese is better than either
wheat or wool, provided its quality is first-
class. Cheese, and indeed all dairy products,
have been less depressed in price than most
other products of the farm. A shipment of
1,400 cases of Australian cheese from the
colony of Victoria has been sold in London
and brought prices fully equal to the best
Canadian and American. As the Australian
summer is our winter, it is possible for this
cheese to be shipped so as to come in market
when American cheese is scarce. We doubt
whether American cheese makers will have
their market taken from them if they continue
to send only cheese of the best quality.
on this side of the Atlantic.
"- It is as a machine shop that Bermuda
isi of the greatest importance. They,
can handle there the largest ships
afloat and make any repairs that
can be made anywhere. I do not
wonder that they were alarmed when the
fire broke out, for there is enough powder
stored on Ireland Island to supply the
navies of the world. As to projectiles,
they are piled there in mountains. The
warehouses are full of naval provisions,
and 9 disabled man -of war can find their.
duplicates of almost any part that may
be damaged, from a shaft or a propeller to
a new bowsprit. And Wall Why, there
is enough coal stored in the Bermuda
deekyards to carry on a naval war.
"One thing I noticed in the naval etude,
both in Halifax and Bermuda, that sur-
prised me till I'came to understand it. In
,Halifax they keep at least a thousand
miles of ocean cable coiled up ready for
nee, and in Bermuda there is nearly twice
eta hunch, ,
ponapiraoy, iaa,wh1ch Pasttch is deeply dna,
piloted, Wee discovered for getting rid of
the boy ,ing Alexander and the whole
Obrenovitch dynasty, and placing a Kew
ageorgevitch, supported by Buasia, upon
the throne. Paslteb was forewarned and
instead ofreturning borne from Russia
went to a foreign country. The resort to
1110 -!sanded measures again in this little
kingdom may easily develop intq a seri-
ous menace to European peace,
Steamship men and others posted on the
Atlantic summer travel have been estimat-
ing the number of American visitors to
Europe during the coming summer. The
average makes the number of first-class
passengers eastward about 31,000.
NOVELTIES IN DENTISTRY.
Shown and Discussed in the Recent
Convention of Dental Surgeons.
The talk of the Convention of Dental
Surgeons, held in Washington last week,
gave a nietiou of the revolution in den-
tistry that has taken place withtn the past
few years. By the use of an electric light
in connection with the little mirror in-
troduced into the mouth the teeth and
alveolar processes are brilliantly illu-
minated and rendered translucent. Thus,
anything wrong about the teeth may be.
quickly discovered. Perhaps the dead
tooth may be hidden in the jaw, never
having been erupted, and may have been
the obscure cause of trouble for years.
The light reveals it at once. Facial
neuralgia, by the way, is nearly always
due to a dead tooth.
Electricity is most valuable as a motive
power for toothboring tools, which,
strange to say, cause less pain the faster
they go, Most people now grown up can
recall the excruciating pain caused by the
excavating instrument which the dentist of
a generation ago slowly revolved between
his fingers. The "burrs" now made for
such work are much finer thin they were
half a dozen years ago, being capable of
cutting through steel bars. Furthermore,
the laborious method of turning them out
There is no kind of fertilizer that is so liable
to become insoluble and useless for plants as
phosphate. This is especially true on soils
which contain much lime and comparatively
little vegetable matter. It needs a good deal
of moisture to keep the phosphate in condition
to be used. Water in the soil has always
more or less carbonic acid gas, which is one of
the best solvents of phosphate. Soils to
which yearly dressings of phosphate are
applied with benefit will often show large
amounts of phosphate when analyzed. If the
crops could reach it there would be enough.
Nor do the crops in all cases use what is yearly
applied as speeial fertilizer for the grain. If
a dry Beason follows its application most of it
reverts or becomes insoluble. Such soils are
often benefited by an application of salt in
light dressings. The salt in the soil is a good
solvent of phosphate and will enable crops to
get more of it than they could without it.
It is much better when preparing the corn
ground to do all the deep cultivation that 18
required to mix the manure with the soil than
to put it off, thinking it can be done by culti-
vating after the corn is aboveground. It is
possible that for the first few ays after corn
is up the deep cultivation between the rows
may do good rather than harm. But it would
be better, even then, if this work were done
earlier. After corn is planted it is impossible
to pulverize lumps under the hills. If the
cultivation before planting has been thorough,
all the later tillage should be shallow, merely
enough to destroy weeds as they germinate and,
leave a mulch of two or three inches of fine soil
on the surface. Any one who leaves growing
corn a single week in July with only shad -
low culture will be astonished at the mass of
fine corn rootlets that will be found just under
the depth that the shallow cultivation has
reached. These roots cannot bo out into with-
out injuring the crop, and if dry weather fol-
lows eep cultivation of cern the Drop ie near-
ly ruined. The plow long ago went out of use
among Dorn with Northern farmers. We are
learning that very deep cultivation is often
nearly as injurious
S1gpr of i71West `that Cauie Marl*
in Ragland.
The Mowing is the London, einectator'e
article 011 a possible uprising la India,
which created such a sensation two weeks
ago in England, The Spectator is a recog-
nized authority in regard to Oriental mat-
tere, and especially concerning Indiau
questions., It will beseen that the Specta-
tor was apprehensive lest the expected
mutiny might break out on the 10t1a, the
anniversary of the first day of the firat
mutiny of 1857, which is now past. The
Spectator thinks trouble may come any
time in May. It says :-.-
by hand has been superseded recently by a
machine which produces them at a cost of
19 cents apiece.
Electricity is employed also for pulling
teeth. To the battery are attached three
wires. Two of them have handles at the
the end, wbile the tuird is attached to the
forceps. The patient grasps the handles
tbe electricity is turned on suddenly, and
the dentist simultaneously applies his
forceps to the tooth. The instant the
tooth is touched, it, as well as the sur-
rounding parts, become insensible to pain.
A jerk, and it is out.
One dentist at the convention remarked
that there is not one tooth lost now where
there used to be 100. If only the root is
lett, a new upper part of porcelain or gold,
called a "crown," is fastened upon it so as
to be quite serviceable. Supposing that
not even the root is left, a gap in the
mouth is filled in with one or more "dum-
mies," securely fastened by a gold "bridge"
or otherwise to the sound teeth. Complete
sets of false teeth are rare nowadays,
The demand for "tooth crowns" comes
largely from base ball players, football
athletes and bicycle riders, who are very
apt to have their teeth broken oft short.
But the last and most ingenious resort of
the dental surgeon is "Implantation"—i.e.,
the setting of new teeth into the jaw, For
this purpose real teeth are employed and
not artificial ones. Cocaine having been
first appli:d for producing local anastha;sia
a hole is drilled in the jsw bone, and into
this socket a good tooth, newly drawn
from somebody's jaw, is set. If the
patient is young and vigorous, the osse-
ous structure soon closes around it, and by
the time the guns is healed the tooth is
ready for use. It should last for from
three to ten years. In the case of an
elderly or feeble person it may be fastened
in place by silver wires passing around the
jawbone.
One of the most important improve-
ments in modern dental practice is on the
point of becoming accomplished. It will
consist in the substitution of porcelain for
gold in the filling of teeth, especially in
pieces where repairs are likely to sbow.
For this purpose a piece of thin platinum
foil is introduced into the "cavity," and
so manipulated as to take the exact form
of the hole, as if it were intended as a lin-
ing. 'Then it is carefully withdrawn, so as
not to disturb its shape. Thus is obtained
a mould, from which a porcelain cast may
be made to fill the cavity exactly. This
is secured in place by cement. Tho trouble
is that no cement as yet invented is proof
against the dissolving power of the fluids
an the mouth.
The human jaw, while receding and
losing its brute -tike character, has been
steadily growing narrower. This tatter
change is going on even now, so that most
people have not room enough in their
mouths for the equipment of teeth
with which., nature has provided them.
Many persons are obliged to have two
or four teeth drawn to make room for the
rest. The "wisdoms" being superfluous
for lack of space, nature is making them
of poorer material in every generation.
So these "third molars," as dentists term
them, begin to decay usually and have
to be filled or pulled as soon as they up.
near.
Inasmuch as real teeth are so easily lost,
it is a comfort to know that artificial ones
cost only 15 to 18 cents each at the manu-
facturer's. One maker In New York
sells 8,000,000 teeth every year. They
are porcelain, composed chiefly of kaolin.
The enamel it put on with metallic oxides,
the process being so delicate that no two
teeth are exactly alike in coloring. After
being finished thousands of them are taken
together and matched in shades. There
are fifty different shades, corresponding
to variations in the coloring of natural
teeth. Defects are often made in false
teeth so as to render them more deceptive
to the eye. The beat plates are of rubber,
Celluloid is the prettiest material for the
purpose, but it does not resist the acids of
the mouth.
A tooth is a living structure. Inside of
each tooth is a cavity tilled with pulp
which gives it life. Nerves and bioou
vessels connect this pulp with the general
system and eirci;lation of the body. The
ivory surrounding the pulp is covered
over by a surface of enamel. 'both ivory
and enamel are harder than any other
bones, because they contain a greater
quantity of bone earth. Enamel on the
tops of the tenth is one -sixteenth of en
inch thick. It consists of little etx-sided
prisms placed side by side, and held to-
gether by an exquisitely fine cement. The
pulp of the tooth becomes diseased and
toothache follows. Tartar is a secretion
made by three glands in the mouth, full
of small living oraanisme which assimi-
late matter in the saliva and deposit it on
the teeth in the shape of phosphate of
lime.
that discontent In, it no, MOV014e0 lOttnr.
tug, only angry grumbling, leading at chic
utmost tP rioip.; PO if a. movement i. at
hand, this is nota bad tune for.fts•pro,•
mottos to appeal to the) population, at ;
large,
WRERII I8 THE tNPiAll FORCE ?
But their force, where ie 11 ? Who
knows ? Asea matter of fact, we dgu $ if
Indians, onee determined on melon, Dare;
very much about counting forces, they .
act rather on the idea that the mayy, by'`
rising, earn supernatural protection. wreatt•
officers noticed in 1847 as a dangerous
symptom that many regiments rose when
rising was hopeless, when they were over-
matched and knew it; or when, as in the
Chittagong mutiny, they had to m
hundreds of miles across provinces sw
ing with their enemies, The force, h
ever, at the disposal of rebels is not so
small as men at home imagine. There are
plenty of rifles, though the big guns
must be few and of inferior quality.
Counting the military police. and the na-
tive armies, there must be more than tbree
hundred thousand drilled native soldiers
in India; tbere are nearly as many armed
boys who intend to replace those soldiers ;
and there are, at the loweat computation,
five millions of grown men whose natural
trade is fighting, who are sick to death
of the Pax Britannica, and who may
throw up—although they failed to do so
in 1857—a Hyder Ali or Runjeet Singh. It
is not eo easy for an Indian, brave as our
owu people, and much quicker on his feet,
aware as he is of the number of the fight- .
ing tribes, to feel clear that, in the pres-
ence of sixty thousand Englishmen, he is'
hopelessly overmatched. He has been
beaten, it is true, for ono hundred years;
but what are one hundred years in the
countless ages of Indian life ? And his
view of our campaigns is very different
from ours—he attributes much more to
fortune, and much more to treachery. The
Afghans drove -us out, and why, say In-
dians, should our expulsion by races who
have beaten the Afghans be so impossible?
Of course, as a matter of fact, if the mis-
take of 1857 is repeated, and the insurgents
meet us in the field, they will be crushed
like snails under a roller, intelligence—if
Radicals will allow us to say so—being in
war, worth more than numbers; but if they
do not repeat it, if instead of huddling to-
gether in armies, they fight us province by
province, zillah by ziaiah, the expenditure
of life, of treasure, and of energy
iu defeating them, will be of the
most exhausting kind. We shall con-
quer, we do not doubt, but the
conquest will make government more dif-
ficult, will redouble the Impediments in
the way of our necessity, which is to in-
duce s ,me one tribe to accept us loyally-,
and will leave us as before, seated in the
air, with no genuine foothold outside our
own cautouments. An insurrection in In-
dia, with a Ilyder Ali at its head ordering
tbat the white soldiers are to be harassed
but never fought, would be a scene from
which the more experienced a soldier is
the more be would recoil; for what cogid
he do but march on over that immense
continent, slaughtering and slaughtering,
but never reaping the reward of a true
victory ? It would not be war, but the
suppression of armed rioting upon a colos-
sal scale. We quite admit the adoption of
such a policy is most improbable, because
the Indian mind has confidence, as Xerxes
had, in innumerable hosts, bur the later
Emperors of Delhi were fought like that,
and if a great leader should arise, so may
we be.
A FATAL alariefftsMa.
Our readers will, we think, acquit the
"Spectator" of publishing sensational arta.
cies, but we have something to say this
week which must be said, and which may
expose us fairly to that disagreeable im-
putation, We may be, as we acknow-
ledge from the first, utterly wrong, but
the Indian telegram of the "Times," pub-
lished on Monday, the second on the same
subject, has excited in our minds a grave
apprehension. It is, at all events, within
the limits of possibility that within the
next few days all the questions which now
interest the country may be swallowed up
by intelligence that we have, for the sec-
ond time in the last half century, India to
reconquer. Thursday is the thirty-seventh
anniversary of the fatal May 10, 1857,
the first day of the great mutiny,
that marvelous insurrection led, and
only led by the Sepoys, which so
nearly extinguished British authority
throughout Northern and Central India,
perhaps throughout India as a whole, for,
had we been beaten on one pitched field,
the Mahommedans of the south, with the
fourteen thousand Arabs of the Deccan as
their spearhead would have sprung to
arms. The annit*ersary has never been
forgotten. May is the time for insurrec-
tions, the people believing that heat pros-
trates white men, and if a rising has been
arranged, it is in this month that it would
burst out all over Northern India. Just
at this time we appear to be receiving one
of those strange warnings which have fre-
quently preceded disturbances, even under
the Mogul dynasty, and which in 1857 took
the form of a distribution of chappaties—
little unleavened cakes—throueh Behar
and part of the north-west. They were
distributed by unknown hands, received
in silence as by men who understood what
they meant, and passed on to meet every-
where with the same reception. This time
it takes the shape of a patch of plaster
mixed with hair, with which the trees of
the endless mango groves have been
secretly bedaubed, as it would seem,
throughout Behar and the provinces to the
east and west. As in 1857, no one knows
how this is done, or by wham, though the
number of persons involved must tie very
great; the police, if they know anything,
reveal nothing; and the people remain lest
in that apparently unobservant silence,
which throughout Ada, when a dangerous
incident occurs, • means mischief. That
stlenc, implies and proves that if anything
serious is intended, ilindoos and Mussul»
mans, as in 1857, are both in it, for they
both understand the national ways equally
well. The meaning of the chapatti as a
signal escaped the Government officials in
1857, as the meaning of the distribution of
the n'aster—which, if we can remember
rightly, after more than thirty years' ab-
seuce, is the old 'trade -mark' of the jogis
or wandering fanatics of Hindooism—es-
capes it now; but we venture to believe,
at the risk of seeming presumptuous, that
the problem was nee insoluble. Our theory
is, and at all events it fits the facts, that
when the promoters of an Indian move-
ment hold that the time is ripe they order
something unusual to be done, be it to
light bonfires on the hills as ,the early
Mahrattas used to do—at least, Meadows
Taylor ease so—or to circulate a cake, or
leave a mark on the mango trees, which
every villager knows at once that neither
he nor his comrades have made or have ex-
pected, The object 19 to say, 'Wait and be
ready,'in a way inaudiule to the governing
power. It is an alerts which is sound-
ed, and which is thoroughly under-
stood as the signal that something against
the common secular enemy, the intruding
white man, is about to be attempted. The
signal seen, every man waits, sharpening
his sword or not, as be is or is not a
fighting man, and looks to the result of
the first rising, and till that is known be,
whether Hiodoo or Mussulman, official or
peasant, remains silent as death. He may
even in his mind have chosen tbe white
man's side as the probable favorite of the
destinies, but he will say nothing, either
for fear or bribe or friendship, until the
hour has arrived and passed. After that
he may speak; but till then the secret
known to tens of thousands, or, as in 1857,
to a whole population, is kept, as in Sicily
are kept the darker secrets of the Mafia,
which a whole population knows and the
Government cannot guess.
A QUESTION ANSWERED:
But, we shall be asked, why should such
an outbreak, even if possible, occur just
now when all sensible Indians must be
aware that the army is very- strong, that
tbere is no special grievance to complain
of, and that England is not at war? We
can only reply that we do not know, nor
does any body else not familiar with tbe
ideas current in temple and mosque as to
'the fortunate hour,' which depends on
conjunctions of the stars, old prophecies,
new declarations by leaders claiming
inspiration, a thousand things of whims
no European understands one word,
though here and there one of the de-
tested race may be conscious of a
restlessness, a dangerous stir, a look as
of expectation all around him. What we
do know is that something is stirring
among the priests of Nepaul, for the po-
ice admit that much; indeed, it is tbo cur-
rent explanation of the plaster that Nepaul
is the last retreat of unwatched and inde-
pendent Hindooism; that the shibboleth of
Hindooism, the criminality of killing
cows, has been again asserted in many un-
connected places, with the sword; that
Behar, the most discontented of the old
provinces—its population dislike all this
enforced quiet—is seething with irritation
because of a cadastral survey, which
owners interpret as an inquisition into old
property rights; that the expectation
of new taxes is general, and that
the whole North, including special-
ly the Punjab, is sulky and wor.
reed about the land -tax which the Gov.
ernment is trying silently to raise by in-
creased assessments, in order to meet the
losses caused by the failure of the rupee.
The fighting races are not in a good
temper, and the religious exeltement has
not ended quite rightly for us, for while
the Iltndoos are curious at our impartial
repression, the Mtiesulmans think we ought
to have struck harder for their clear right
to eat beef if they please. We should not
wonder, either, if the Opium Commission
had bred an unexpected amount of suspic-
ion, Ilindoos and Mussnlmans alike dread-
ing and detesting interference with any-
thing willeh goes into the mouth, and con-
sidering that the morality of opium -eating,
betel•oheeving or hemp•ewal1owing ie
matter for their own pundits and moolahs,
and not lobe derided by any Christiana, Alt
TIIE WAY TO MEET REBELLION.
Are there any means of prevention ?
There are none whatever, except to gar-
rison Allahabad carefully as the key to
India, to see that armed vessels command
the presidency towns, so that communica-
tion with Europe be not checked, and to
call back any troops who may be encamp-
ed beyond the Himalaya or in Burman,
and these precautions, the second perhaps
excepted, will not be taken. The Gov-
ernment of India does not defend itself
against general insurrection, and In tis
neglect, is perhaps grandly wise. It has
no white troops to scatter, it, has no na-
tive or mercenary force which it can ab-
solutely trust, and it can never tell, even
vaguely, whence the blow to be delivered
may come or what is the line of defence
it may be most useful to adopt. It watts,
therefore, listening always, and if the
hour strikes, it may be relied on to act with
savage energy. ' That it will .be called on
so to act at some period, unless, indeed, it
can win absolutely to its side some one of
the fightiag peoples of India, seems to us
past question; but the necessity may arise
next week, or in 1906, when seven times
seven years 'will have elapsed since the last
great effort, or at some period more distant
yet. The only thing certain is that Asia is
not reconciled, and never will be, to
European domination, and tbat Asia has
hitherto throughout her long history suc-
ceeded in spitting Europeans out. We
tbink a great deal of our soldiers, and
doubtless they have seldom known defeat;
but are they as much superior to Sikhs and
Goorkas and Rajpoots as Richard's mail -
clad warriors were to the cavalry of
Saladin? It was Saladin, nevertheless,
who stopped in Jerusalem.
The chinch bug has been the means of do-
stroying millions of dollars in crops of corn
and wheat, and seriousis this loss has been,
it was made still grater by the fact that
wherever ono of these crops was grown it
necessarily precluded the other. The crop of
wheat furnished early feed fur the first set of
bugs which propagated, and were then ready
to fall upon the corn. Or if corn was grown
one year it left a brood of chinch ling eggs in
the fall, ready to be hatched out and destroy
the wheat crop the following spring. The
State Experimental Stations of Nebraska and
Kansas now provide better ways of keeping
the chinch bug in check. This is by propagat-
ing a disease among them. There are three
separate and distinct diseases, but the one
moat fatal is a fungous mould which attacks
the bugs, and in a week's time converts them
into a white, cottony substance. The more
numerous the chinch bugs the better does this
remedy work. It is not likely that hay,wheat
and corn crops will ever again suffer from this
enemy as they have done. After it is once
well disseminated, some of the disease germs
will be likely to live through the winter in each
locality, and check the increase of the chinch
bug from the beginning.
Our experience with feeding oats to hens is
that they are too light to be made a main
part of the feed. The fowls will not eat them
at the same time with other grain. But we
never saw young chicks grow better than on a
diet of oat meal sifted so as to remove most of
the hulls, and then mixed till nearly solid and
dry with sour curd cheese. This combination
contains just what is needed to make rapid
growth.
There are a few days at the beginning of the
chickens' life when whole grains of wheat ars
too large for them- We find, however, t hat
after they are ten days old there is no diffi-
culty from whole wheat, though it is better to
give cracked grain some time longer, as itre-
quires longer time to eat a given quantity,
Soft food does not tax the digestive organa
sufficiently to insure their vigor. It is the
cause of more deaths of young chicks than
anything else, excepting lice. •
One million dollars gold has been en-,
gaged for shipment on Tuesday's steamers
from blew -Fork. -- -