Loading...
The Wingham Advance, 1919-02-06, Page 7FIVE GREAT POWERS LAY HOPES INFORE CONFERENCE Peace Cogress Gets Clear Statement of What Nations Want tittle PeDpies of Europe Also Give Their ,Desires leads, Ve 2, -The delegates of 'tie fie.° Oreat Powere ere uow In post tate to cpmpare clearle their ewn eSt pirations and those oe 411 their allied friende and See the differencee that Meat be reeonciled. The maximum of hopeS, often everiaPlang, bat been told freelY and- remaine for tee the treating of buffer statee. One Of these would be the Palatinate anti en - other Rhemish Prueslan. France dee sires alse to eunex the basin of the Sarre River, which might be ealled reannexation. France will insist that so far ete the tert bank of the Rhine further to the Peace Conference tp adjust them Into eo-orainated whole. Tee desires at the severel countriee as represented setae be compreesed thus: MA/NCR-France. wants, first of en, Alsace-Lorraine unconditionalle, and the right to discuss the ultimately to fix the French frontiers in their re- lation to the Rhine, which may require earth Is eoncerned, the Conference Omuta forbid military works of any ertudaebarracks, bridgeheads, aids and fortresses -in that zone. The teeling is that the people Inhabiting that zone should be free to decide for themselves whether they wish to Join Francis, forne an independent stath or return to Germany. The lerench bill for reparation is not yet complete, but it has been an- nounced in the Member ref Deputies that it will Ise ebout 66,000,000,000 franca. The Fretch Govanment 'does not eett for a protectorate in ayria in the ordinary sense, benause it eonsWers that the population there is too .ad- Vaneed tq make a protectionate eaves - teary, nut France on account of her traclitionhi luterests in that , couetry feels that she should be callee mum to Intercise some sort of guardianship or kuidance uutil Syria should be fully able to govern herself. t GettEA.T BRIT.A.IN-Oreat Britain's delegation, believes that a Societe of Nations is desirable and cbtainable and that it tenet be established- by the present Peace. Conference. eSbe advances no continental purpettes ate- er than those of a permanent and just ereace under the principle et self-ele- termleation and that here sbould be eteternational freedom of tranatt bY eatilraads and waterwaya, which is Great Britain's general definitthe of feeetanu of commeree in times of peace. t. Great 13ritairt will take Malida.toiY power over the German islands. south Of the Equator for Australia anti over Oerman eolith -West Africa for the etolon of South Africa. ' She will also have tlth Matelate otier German East Africa and eopee parts eft Arabia, and she has perticelar -claims in this respect over 'elesopo- tainia. Great Britain will eater a poolewith the other allies in the mat - ler eef indemnities, especially repara- tion for air raid damages and shipping lotus. eTALY.--Italy asks that the Tree- tino as far as the tesenner Pass, In- cluding the whole of the Southefn Tyrol; Trieste, Istra, Fiume, epee, Senenico, the larger part of tee Deena - tete Islands. A. vlona end ite hIntee- lend, a protettarate over Albania,' possessioh Ot the islanas ' in the Aegean welch were taken frontelate. key thiaing the Tripolitan w are and the Province of Adalla if France anti Cate - lend should take torte -tote m Aeie Minor. Tee Italian contentien te that the Dalmatian Islands end strele parts of e Dalmatian Oast as are not assign - e te Italy shall, be neutralized. Should • France and England extend their coat- ntal possession In Africa, nate desires to enlarge her pessessions In Eritrea and Tripoli. .ROUMANIA,-Territorlal cetnention In the Balkans are eemplicatedand pre - emit difficult problems. Roumania de - seem to retain possession of that por- tion of Russian Deem -able given her by the central powera under the can- -a celled treatey of Bucharest and now in iler possession. Roumania Mao de sires Southern Dobrudja as ceded to her by Bulgaria after the second telltale war, Possession of Besearabia and the Dobrudja commanda the mouth of the Danube. To the westward Roumania tvants to annex the- Hapsburg provincee of Bukowina Mee Transylvanie, and a Considerable part Of the rich .agriene tural district of Banat. It es lime that the, Itoumaniau aspIratfon conflicts with those of Serbia, which affients that under her var agreemenes With the Entente she, should hare :a large portion of Banat as well as other see- tletis of former Austria-Hungery ed - pining old Serbia te the north to Mend but the ',proposed JUO-Slay state. Both Rearnania and Serbia have moved troeps into Ballet to secure their claims', and Frenth troops have One -Wished a neutral zone (o prevent haltilities betWeen them. SERBIA. -Ste bite's clean ta take trent the Hapsburg monarchy the pro- vinces ot testae and Herzegevina are °teamed by no one in the Entente graup. The plans- for the incorpora- tion iota SUgo-Slavio. of the Hapsburg province al ttroatla, except as to the coastal region of are ulso cote sIdered as subject to the internal fie. Melon ot the Mut/tern Steen allgo-Slav atid aims ate lt sharp conflict in the settlentent of the Adriatia toast preblein, %Waving the etattre Of attunes and the Croatian feabonett Along With the /stands ea tealtriatiit and Albattla, The union of Montenegro and Serbia as 'part Of tt greater Jugo-Sitty stath lats been voted by tee MOnteneerin Parliantent, but the letettOrt repreeenting ICIeg Niche. latt and his adherents protests egainst a tenon which shall not leave to Mon- tenegro eaten local mitetovernMent. Threat is elee a tonflict betweea the planet of Sugo Slav taatesmen and tempt - of Ceechottelevaltia who desire a wide torridor tiotti Ileheinia, to the Adriatie to Hungary and Croatia to secure an outlet to the Atli, e OREECEeeGreece withee Northern Epirus and Thrace with tee exception of Constantinople, and tho ellores at the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles, which Premier VenizelOit wines to Place tattler internationel control, Greece aske for the Villayet of amyrna in Asia Minor and the termer Turkish islands the Eastern Moditerraneala, including those known as the Tiede- danesus claimed by Italy. BULG.A.RIA.---Although Bulgaria cae palliated without conditions ate her future territorlet depend UPon the conquerers, her Government has noe tthandoned hope of addIng extensive territories, and it even hopes to re- ceive extenseme et the Bulgarian • frontlers le Southern lelecedonia Along the Aegean coset and in Thrace, CZEOHO-teLOV.etleIA.--The 'New State of Cascho-Siovaltia is carving out its territories almost entirele at the eXpense ot the old Austria-Hun- gary. The old Kingdom of Bohemia, Moravla and the Slovak regions of Northern Hungary atready have been incorporated Into the proposed state,' but there are 'certain conflicts with the Poles, Ruthenlans, Roumaniana and Germans as well as with the Austriane and the Magyars because the Czecbs Mahn that part of 'German Saxony and German Silesia belong ethnoerapnicar- ly to the neve state, The Czecho-alovaks are coming Inte opposition to Polish claims in - Silesta and sections of Galicia, 'while to the north-east CzechoeSloyak expansion has biought, them into contact Iva the Ruthenians, or Ukrainians, le Eastern Galicia. The new state de- sires expansion southward over et frontage on the Danube and ceeer earriaOr to the A.driatic. POLAND.--Tbe Poles, wile an tit.. adequate army, are endeavoring to establish possession of disputed re - glens on three sides of Russian Poland and Galicia which constitutes the nucleus of elle new Polish state. Tate Poles desire Eastern Galicia totinclude Lemberg, which le la the Ultratue, and the disputed Province of Chaim, in Little IR•ussia. To the north-east the Pelee desine to have Vilna recognized as Polish. Both the Lithuanians and the Bolstie- elk]. have raised claims to Vilna, the Bolshevik' supporting their preten tions by a menacing military °free- -, sive. Tete Poles are contending aamet-st the Germans not -only for .German Silage and Posen and West 'Prussia re Y k es, but also for the city of Danzig, provinces; populated chief' b • so ae to provide Poland with 'direct acmes to the sea. Should the Poles have Danzig, 'Eget Prussie would be cut off from the rest of Germany and would remala an island populated by G-ermans sup. weeded by Polish dominions. BELGIUM -Belgium asks that lit;r reparation for damages wroeght by Germany shell be the elm lion upon German assets to the extent of at least 15,000,000,000 francs, or up to a much larger sum if Germany does not re- turn Um machinery aneethe materials taken from Belgium. Belgium be- Iieves that she should be paid first be- cause she iteas the first to be invaded, beeause her neutrality etas violated, ancl beeause she has guttered more frone despoliedon than any other country In the war. Belgium, which has reasSerted her independence and thus emerges from her old state of neutrality, desires from Holland the left banke of the Scheldt and the Peninsula of Maae- trleht which protrude's into Belgian Lemberg. Belgium also wilt assent to. a plebiscite in Luxemberg to deeide whether that country wishes to join 13elgium M. France or to retail]. its auton one:. The foregoing may be considered tee extreme claim osf Belgium. They come Into conflict with Holland which re- sists any infringement of the frontlem asked for by the Belgian annexation - este. The Government ea Holland appears tvilline to revise the Scheldt naviga- •• tion treaty so that Belgium should enjoy equal rights with Hollatid. . JAPAN -Japan enters the Peace Conference, as Baron etakino, the sen- ior delegate, has Bette "With.no terri- torial ambitions in China,' and that as far as Tsing Tau, "She will hand it• back to China under the terms of the otes exchanged between 'China and Japan In May, 1915." Thie is inter- preted by Japan as permitttng her to retain. certain former German seoncee. Mons -an the Shantung Peninsula. Jae pan, Baron Makin° explains, neither intends nor desires to interfere in Russian affairs, but is willing, if son 'cited, to aid Russia In restorhig (n- eer." These declarations dispose of tevo of the main mentions -in whleb. Jepan te interested except that she desires to retain the Southern Pacific Island% mirth of the Equator, which formerly belonged tie Germany. ,CHINA -The Chinese delegates est; to be guatanteed frone foreign im- perialism or aggressiou and desire the gradual abolition a "Consular rights" and to be allowed ao impose highet dune% On importatiente. The Cbineee also ask for the rettira of Matt Chau. SWITZERLANDeanevitzerland Ap- pears to be the ohly neutral state which haS so far presented her de- sires to the Conference. The Swles GovernMent has repreeented • tha white Switzerland would be glad to participate in a Soeiety et Nations, yet becattse of her mixed nationalities she could not do so if that should mean the use of her troops in policing the World by force, as perhape, against Italy, France or Germany. Switzerland desires an,outiet to the sea by Making the Rhihe a neutral stream. This is in accord with French degree since if Aletteeelserreine be- comes French from Basle northward and Independent better states should be erected out of the Palatinate and Rhenish Prussia, as stIggeeted by Marshal Foch, it would be necessary to neutralize the Rhine. Iif this were derie it would give Senteerlatul an outlet to the /Ica eiCANDINAVIA.--The territeritel Intations of the three ncandinavian powers, are celtsellered MOW. Den. inerlt evialiee to annex that part of Northern Scheiterig lithabitea pre- dominately by Danes. but has not We- ed to regain the prove:tem cat 8011(4 - Wig and Holstelu, team from Den - Mark by Prussia in the war of 1864, oe to extend. her frontiers southward to the Kiel Carate Norway bas certain aspirant= to apitzbergen Qr a part of it, but is not ereesing these claime energetically. A strong aocialist moveMent In Swe- den favors the menu With Sweden Of the Aland Islands, which are regard- ed by' the Swedes as the naval key to Stockholm. Swedieh interests in thls connectiort are in conflict with thocte of Finland. Sovereignty over the , islends has belonged to Finland since the full of the Russian. Imperial-Gee- ernment and nothing has been .heard elnce the collapse of GermanY ef earlier Finnish plans to secure en out- let by the annexation of Darts et Ruse tileu Camila, lying between Finland, the Murnme coast end even of meta - cent leinmark, whit% belongs to Nor. way, This contention on tee part of Finland led tO the landing of alied troops aL Murmasnk to prevent the establishment of a Gernean eubillarlee base in the northern seas. a Vie delegates of the flee powdrs who will straighten out this plexus of rival interests are obliged also tO take into eonsideratton ehe passionate racial tlaims as well as tbe.history all Eerope for eenturies. nee TO WITHDRAW FROM N. RUSSIA Allies Said to Be Planning. Evacuation. Driven Back 40 Miles by BoIsheviki. Paris, Peb, 2. -It reportea Wow authoritative sourcee that the French anti British Governments, supported by the United States, are contemplat- ing an. Immediate withdrawal of all allied armed forces from Northern Rusela. The proposal is based on the semi-official report that tee Lealne- Trotzky Government will coneent to participate in the suggeeted Prince's Islands parley Ms rondition that the allies evacuate the territory now held h3, them in Northern•Ruesitt. It ale° le understood that the British, regard- less of the action taken by the United States and France; will attempt to withdraw their forces before Mereh. FALL R&M 40 MILES, Archangel, Feb. 2,-Auother vialeet ,attack by the 13olsheviki en the Amer- -lean, Russian and Erittsh positions et Taresevo compelled the bard-preseed ;and outnumbered little allied column tie tele sector to withdraw Friday about 40 miles% Its new position Is at, tee village of Srymakrenga. , The Boisheviki attack followed a bombardment in which gas, incee.- diary, shrapnel and high explosives shells were used, It was the first time that gee shells had been em- ployed In North Russian warfare. The (Beetle were of the German type, It has been learned that early In Jan- uary, in connection with the general plan to make the Bolehedet army a formidable force by early spring, gas schools were opened' at Moscow, The Bolshevists, whose active forcee in the field from the River Dvina to Vologda railroad are esti- mated to number 15,000, brought up still more artillery and ere heavily ehelling the new American position on the Vaga River, and else the posi- nee 6n -the Dvina, at Tulgas. The etaber sectors are comparatively mile. The Ameriean evecuation of Tare - wee one only after a week of fight- ing in this sector in weld( the Bole :shevild kept persistently oit 'the of- fensive, after euffering Considerable lose in. their fent attaek, which was repulsed. Although attacked at Taresevo from three sides and greatly 'out -gunned, the defenders held on there until Thursday, when a flanking column of the enemy, with guns, preceeded northwaetward over a white'. road and' began an attack on the village of Gora which is bie the line of tommunieation northward betweeit Taresevb and Srymakrenga. The little detachment 6f British ad Russians at Gore held out un- til the American Taresevo force ewe- pieted ite evacuation. The two forces then joined, retreating northward in good order. .4. BORDEN NAM1D MISSION CHIEF Reads British Party to Prince's Islands. Doubtful If 'Conference Takes Place. (From John W. Defoe, Correspondent of the Canadian Government.) Paris, Feb. 2 -When the Allied Gov- ertiments determined last week to M- elte tall de facto Governments in Rus- sia to cease hostilities and to join a conference at Prince's Islands, Mr. Lloyd George requested Sir Robert Bordenato undertake the duties of chief of the delegation representing the British Empire, It was arrartod that he should be accompanied by an- other delegate from the British Isles. Thts invitation 'etas' eetended to Sir Robert torden in view of the fact that he had taken a prominent part ih en- deavoring to read:, a solution of the very serious preblems which are pre- sented by tlei existing conditions in Ruesia. At the sante time, Geeerta Botha was offerece and accepted mem- bership in the Impertant great powers comminion to Poland. as et•epresenta- tive of the British Empire. In View' of Canada's claim to be represented us itutonomous Makin at the Peace Certferenee, and having regard to re- cognition of that claim Sir Robert tordert felt that he could not remote - ably decline this duty, evince he Me cordingly accepted, although with some reluctance, as he realized that it might postpone hie return to (-Ueda beyond the period Willa. he antiel. Pitted, It now thrilhtfill 'wheth- er :.he tonferenee will take plaeo, view of the deelftrea attitude of tieveral of the Governments which are still earrying en War with each other in attired& 4•444404-**-0+,.$44-44++.4-40.+•+.++++.4'.****+-4..+4+10.4-4+ Finland, the Hermit Nation of Ettrope In 1816 the Emperor Alexander I. Of Russia wrote to Steinhell, then .(lov- ernorteleneral of Finland, la the fol- lowing terms: ".As regarae the con- dition of Finland, my intention has , been to give this people a politica." ex.. Istence, so that teey may not feel them - serves conquered by Intssla but united ta her for their own clear advautaee; therefore not only their civil, but their lates must lee '' meintaleed," To -day, a century after these words were writteu, there seems at last good hope that Alexander Vs intentions may be permanently fulfilled, A race of Mongolian orlgin and lan- guage, the nSuomilaiset"-or people of the tene-were .Christianthea very early in the thirteouth century ba the awedas, Who treated them on the whole eelth equalaye and Nene°, and interntarded with them freely, not, hewever, allowirig the remise lan- guage te be written dr spoken to any extent. The result was that in 1808 Russia conqueree a PeoPle who spoke Steedish and regardea themselves se independent Swedes; and although the Firms have passed through 000111100s national ehanges in the course of the century, Russians of the ruling class- es coula never get it Out of their heads that Finland distred to belong to Sweden again, The governors of Russia, having much vaster affairs in hand, did not realize that the remarkable develop. ment of Finnish nationaltsva Was di- rected, eirst and last, against the Sweclise language and Finno-Swedish domination. The Finnish language was spoken only by the remote peas- antry and Finnish names even were not legally recognized Yet, mean. well% a great movement was steadily growing up for the revival ot Fieland'a toownngues.ingularly rich and beautiful DISCOVERED THEIR OWN NATION The Finnish people began te think of their country as "Suomen some- thing utterly distinct from Sweden or Russia, having a language and liter- ature of its own. From 1849 onward, when Lonnrot publeehed the second edition ot the "ICalevale," Finland's national epic, educaeed Finns were be- ginning to glee up awedish as a means of communicatiou and learning to use the strange, difficult, sonorous lan- guage whicle Was their birthright, Naturally this development soon cleft the comary in two, Many Finns urged, not unreasonably, that it was hardly practicable for so malt peo- Pie to cur themselves off from Scan- dinavia, frdm Russia, from the rest of Europe in- fent; "by climbing on to a language island" in tins way. But nationalism traumpbecl. In 1863 the "nice little constitution" granted by Alexander II. left the Finns free to govern themselves in all internal mat- ters in a. fairly representative manner, and from thee time the study of Fin- nish became an -integral part. of the general education. - The use of the misdeed langeage ot Finland grew se Met that Swedieb. speaking Fines began to find them- selves in a minority, and in -1894 aftee. a very hot debate •the Finnish lan- guage was placed on an equality with Swedish in the Finland Senate. "Svekoman" (Sweden -Finn) and "Fen- noman" (Finnish -Finn) became cries of warfare, and the language conflict fell roughly into hne with the divis- ion of class. The .progressive and proletarian elements in the country were Fennoman, while the middle class, conservative and aristocratic forces were for a long while by speech and traditions Swede. All this- time the Inane tth a people and as e nation kept strictly to that policy of detachment and independence which has always marked them. They took no, part at all in Russian af- fairs and shewed little interest in -those of Scandinavia; they appeared to Europe generally as self-eentred as a Chinese colony in the West might be. I‘IMANT TO WORK OWN SALVATION. trinlaid meant to work out her sal. %ration alone. In literature and art indeed the country was open ao Euro- pean influences., fat the Fines have al- ways been great travellers, wandering about the Continent with told, apprais- ing ayes, eelecting and taking back with theth such ideas es they eonsider- ed likely to be of nee. They took ;so - lathe' ideas also from Scandinavia and from Germany, but they had no desire to make propagattda, for their Own ideas or their own race. • - Yet inevitably thsy were bound to be a growing trouble to the Russian Government mad a stumbling block to Pan -Slav policy, Obviously a eerao- cratio and almost self-governing prov- ince was out of place among the folds of the vast autocratic rule which covered all the Russias then. But u far more important objeetion was this: the Duchy of Vinland, alien in language, character and administra- tion, was a complete break in that scheme of one vast homogeneous Rus- set, stretching from thee Norwegian coast to the Pacific, one in, language, laws, religion and Goverement-that dream of giant ttnity and monotony which seems to have filled the minds of the directors of Russia for thirty years and more. There seems little doubt that thetteposed dynasty cheriehed this design as the Hohetizollerns that of "Mittel -Europa." lt was a sim- ilar huge, dull magnificent, mischiev- ous Wee, trampling even more widely over the rights of other nations ahd Intended to produee art even more dis- mal unifoemity of rale. So, dispassionately viewed -and the Finn; even when eonsidering his own misfortenes, is eminentty dispas,sion- ate-eRussia's first attack upon the lib- erties of Vinland in 1e99 was inevi- table. a eastrophe of nature. There is little need to renal "the bad years" from 1899 to 1906, when the Finnish Constitetion was suspended and the country was placed under the rale of a military dictator, (len. Debilitate They ferm a monotonous record of Drees eensorselp, disMissals of native officials, illegal arrests and exile. *Me great strike of 100-1006, how- ever unsuccessful in its Main object, itehleved two thIngs; the election of the Russian Durna and the tempor- ary reetoration of elitland's Consti- tution. Yet "restored" is herdly the. word, for that restrieted, cantious and eminentlY bourgeois Contititution of 1803 was rezurrected into something democratic and terrible -a Porinlar Goveatunent, based upon full adult suf- frage and preportionel representation. with an eicettil house, &earthling at he BUM the Lead of it„ Thousand Lakes its first assemblage in April, 1007: of 200. A.nd these were genuine, ull" compromising Marxist Social Donee. crats, the outcolee of a parte whiCh waa first formed in 1800. Since then the Social Demperetic representatiell of Finland hap steadily increased M every election, Front the spring et 1907 to that of 1909 'Finland experienced "two crowd, ed years of glorious* life" in which the country simply hummed -with interns! progress and political developmeat, The old feuds of Svettoman and Fen - Roman were taken up with renewed vigor, although the Swedlala speaking Finns were now only one -ninth of the population, and still decreasing- vve all remember how In May, 10 120 menabera of the tritish Parliame signed a memorial to the Daunt pressing the apprehension with win they regarded the proposal to users Finland of her eonstituttonal righ while a large number Of Geralen, Freech, Italian, Belgium and Dutch deputies formed and actdreseed Mintier memorial% Bat all thts. was in vain, and by July, 410, the bill for the Ruse sification of Finland became law, NOT viCILlimaIzt IN PRACTICE. It Was not inemeeliately and violent. ly put intO practice. The Landtdag was still assemblee et intervals, though it. had rather leas power than inunicpal counciL A. number ue of- ficial dismissals Welt place, Ruesiens were given full Finetsh rights. la a -In- land and the usual series of arrests, imprisonment." and exilings but until 1912 the Finnish press tees only intermittently censored. How - over, this second series of "bed years" was much harder for the Finite than the period of 1809-1906. Soon after the war began Finland was practically eut off 'from the rivin teed world. Ruesincation set in with full force and theemorat stringent eta- eorship of the pram, of correspoilence and of all written raatter whatever was estabiishecl. Even tne intee ial business of the country suffered- great- ly, and the tvhole people were pat "under hatches," as it were, and as- suredly en very peed rations tor an unlimited thee, One piece of neeea only came through In the eerie &Lys of theeway, to the effect that Downer Empress, of Russia had returned from Derimark by , way of Finland and had shown mum courtesy end commoh senae on her Passage. It was teld that she Lad caused her personal guard to be great- ly relaxed, that she had talked with Finns everywhere and had taken pains to create a good impreesione tut short- ly after her returze the Finns were specially and offielallY,etaanned "not to build any false hoage of reatored lib- erty" upon the friendly demeanor of the Dowager Empreest Naturally thia ill advised policy hes had very bad result.. At the begin- ning of the war many Finns were in favor of the Allies, chielly by reason of their English tratle tonnections and Englisb sympethies. But when Rue - Ma's most powerful and neceseary ally forebore to say ene word in favor of a reasonable retainment of Finlanet, and when the English press by its undis- crintinating ereise of all things Rus- sian actually grave more strength to tho powers of reaction, then the Finns cannot be blamed for looking else_ where. GERMAN PROPAGANDA RIFE. TUE AZDyoweR, (New York Tribune.) Shall Bolehavisiet feUght, talent atetined Or talked te? That is the queetion now illetneethig the %WO uationS Of the world. Never aim the edema of the Dol. stiovist regemeelleve the Alllea bed 4 Runt= Polley. Practleally ell that has been accompliellea la checking the proud of et onine and Trotsayet power has been due to the purely provIdential Ozectio-Slovak ieterven. ;ion. An armed force of fine sol- dierly quality teuldenly tiropped Irene tee clouds, Metal Siberia and estab- lished an seated front west ot the Urals. The Anted goVernments anplauded this miracle. They could realize the advantages of a military intereentloa which -tended to keep vast regions of Russia still pro-Alle. ehey knew that Lenbte and Tretsky were thoroughly Pro -German and enti-Ally, The sort of government. weich Lenlne and ", Trotsky bad sot up was aa enemy vo te, Their exiles flocken•to Germany in groat numbers, and it is said that more than 3,000 Finns took lir their residence there. a'he Geraans are fea- ther credited with making active Pro- paganda for their cause among the professors and studente of Finland, but it seems doubtful whether they would really have found it worth white, when the Allies themselves were unconsciously doing so ranch to spread pro -German sympathies there. If --but no one can say more than if - Finland was occasionally., used ea a channel for communication between Germany And the traitorous party in Russia, the Allies have WY them- selves to blame. However, this may be, It seems pret- ty clear that there were several Ger- man agencies in more than one part of Finland trying to stir the people up to an armed revolt. - Since our reactionary press at one time took upott itself to repeat the venerahle ana discreditable cliches -about Finland'e desire for independ- °nee ter for union wah Sweden, it is well to say once more that Finland's great nationalist movement was MI directed against Swedish Influence, and that there axe not five wiseactes ett the whole country Who tvould, dream of the possibility of such a un - tote Nor has the fiercest advocate of Finnish freedom ever contemplated absolute independence. The position of the country and its very email pop- ulation wholly torbid it. Surely thia tiny nation. has a meg- nificent future! It may even be post- sible for them, highly trained and po- litically qualified as they are, to hurry through the intervening stages of their economic developneent and show to Europe the working menet of a co-op- erative commonwealth. T•hey are in the main Mongolian, patient, pensive, secret and unfathomable, and their kinsmen in Sapairand China have done equally marvellous thinga, Yet alien from us as they are racial - 1Y, their developMent Is so western that no- Englishman who has spent much time In Finland has any sense of a rem barrier. On the contrary, they seem, once known, curiously ap- pealing end syMpathetic, this bravo, ugly little people, with their' high cheek bones, great foreheads and deep sot eYee.: Their literature, like their land- scape, is extraordinarily Varied end beautiful and there runs through through it a, sense of the tiMeless for- ests and the unbounded north. It haunts you; no one who has felt the charm of Finlahd is really eohtent till again. Roaland Travers Ilyndmate th New York Sun. ,ALLaGED HOLD-UP MEN. Raffalo, N.Y., Despatch -Thomas Kelly of Providence, and William Brown, of Toronto, were. captured by the police of Geneva to -day after an exciting. ohne chase, in which the machine in which the two men were riding wag wrecked. The Geneva police alleged that Drown and Kelly drove into tho city early this morning and held up O. Man and a girl in a male etore at the point of revolverg. They were frightehed away end leaped into their machine. The Gieneva police chased them In an attto- mobilo nabbing the two men when their ear hit a bad ispot in the road and turn- ed turtle. A PLANa' tVaRY FIVE MINUTES. Londen, Feb. 2.•-r,ord Weir, Director of Aircraft production, gpeaking to -night at a dinner given in honor of pruit and pre- vent chiefs of the air service. said that when the armietice wag signed. more then 100,000 workers were engaged en- eltieively on ttireraft productions, hig in the country. being. it hie to tutu out completely equipped iteroldetwq nod eighty 6ocial Dernoerats but of 4 total athq nec every Dec Minutes Of the tithet fifty. • , of elvilizatIon, along with the Halton- ' zollera or the Hapsburg autocracY. A satisfactory world peace was tin. thinkable while any one of these three tyrannies boutinued in exist- . owe, Yet the Allied *powers lacked the will and vision tie deal energetically with the Iluasian question. They re. acted ernotioually the Bolshevist enormity. But they were very wary *about committing themselves to a war against the Soviets, Japan eur. nished the bulh of the troops for an expeclitioa intended to relieve the Czecheakevaks. But this expedition el1111)1Y cleared Eastern and Ceetral Siberia, The Ceecho-Slevaks were left west of the Urals to carry op that uuequal (tautest with the Russian ' Red armlet. There was a time -about five months ago -when betel the intlitary and the political power of the Soviets seerned•to be celleesing. leotsky de- nounced the cowardice of the Red Guards and the incompetency ef teele officers, But now it is estimated that the Red power has 240,000 men on the Volga front. And It lms. re- cently aent teeope into Livonia, Estho- nia and Lithuania, recapturing Riga and Vilna Japan has begun to withdraw her troops from Siberia, Lord Northcliffe saye that no More Brittsh troops will be sent to Russia. It is natural for Japan to wish to cut put of the Rus- sian. sttuation. She has done her full ottani to Snpport a bale -hearted Allied militaxy intervention. The o•ther antes have failed to co-operate et- aciently with- her. Her own inter- est does not lie in the recreation. of a strong Russian state. Nor doee Great Britaln'a interest lie that waY. And the failure of the Allied colleen to produce an fatelligible Russian pot- -icy offers an excase to those states which are not especially coneerned In eavine Russia from lute own weak- aess. The United States is, not without blame for the lack of military ana political co•operation in Russia. Our government long delayed approval of an expedltion to relieve the Czechte Slovaks. The Allies• have, in Mot. merely drifted along, Now they face the dilemma of fighting tolshevism In earnest pr asking- it to parley. It to au unpleasant predicament. But it is the logical outcome of a programme of negation. It the 'bloody and disorderly tyranny" of Lennie and Trothky now receives a certineate of tolerance, that made- scension will be due to long continued lethargy and indecision in Allied ounces. - • FULL ACCORD -'0WCOLONIES Entente- Akieement is Clearly Definite. Turkey is to Be Dismern- ' bered. Paris, Feb. 2. -The accord reached by the Council of tbe Great Poweee • concerning the disposal of the Ger. man colonies and occupied regions in Turkey in Asia is much more definite than is, generally- supposed, and, be- sides acceptance in prinelple of the plan of mandatories, it embraces the followine main feature: The Allied and Associated Powers are agreed that the German Colonte5 shall not be returned to Germany ow- ing, fiest, to inismanagement, cruelty and the use of thew eolonies as sub. marine bens. The conqilered regions .of Armenia, Syria, Mesopotamia, Palestine and Arabia, shall be elteached from the Tureih Empire. Provialons is made whereby the well-being and development of back - Ward c.)lonial regions are regarded as the sacred trust of civilization, over which the League of Nations exeMseg superVisOry care. The adminfstra. tion or tutelage of thew regiOns is etarusted to the more advanced na'• tions, who will act a mandatories la half cf the Leageu of Nations. - These mandatortes are not uniform, but vary according to degree of de. velopment of the coloneal, reglon and its approach to the stage of self-ov- erarm:et, The mandates in Palestine, Syria, and other poitions of Turkey where well-developed civilization ex. wetad be comparatively light and would probably permit of the provis- ional recognition of the independence of theee communities. On the other hand, colonies like those in Central Africa would require 4 mandatory with large powers of ad- ntinistration as respensible for the suppression of the slave trade, the liquor Waite, and the Prevention of military authority on the part of the natives except tor native pollee par. pose% Other colonies eand localities, such es those In German South-west Africa and some of the South Patine Islande, have such 'sparse and ecatterea popue lations And are SO separated from other coMmunities that the laws oe the mandatory country evenia prob. ably Menne in these regions. The mandatorlos will report at stab- od intervals to the League of Nations concerning the manner in which a colony IS being adtninistered, 'The foregoing general outline rates On broad liees the tonna lettere. by, a is said, conflieting elms Were reconeiled and a cot:amen agreement was reached acceptable to all the great and colonial Powers. neete "Do you get indighant when: a res. tatirent charges you for bread?" "No, Peri proud and grateeta if a waiter no- tices nut long enough to charge me for any thing." --Washington Star. TORONTO 14-4IMETS, FARMERS' MARKET. Dairy Prodttee- Butter, choice dairy ... s 7a 0 63 De., Creamery ti 57 0 63 Margarine, lb. „ ... 0 35 0 40 Eggs, new laid, 'dee. ... 0 70 0 75 C'f.t)wrllet eat bl'o.nitry- - Turkeys, lb. ... 00 6330 00 36: A'owl, lb. ..... 0 23 0 82 SP11:11:tritaTelten's 0 35 0 40 Ducklings, lb. 0 34 42 ApPleS, bkt. gs • • • • • • ••• 0 25 1)0., bbl. 3 00 Vegetables- Beete, peek ,.. Q 26 0 30 Carrots, peck . 0 25 0 30 1)o., bag ... ...• ee et Do., bag - o 75 0 85 Cabbage, each Q 1)5 0 10 Cauliflower, each 0 10 0 40 Celtfry, head ,. . 0 10 0 20 Lettuce 3 bunches ko.1.• V is Onions. 76 -lb. sacks .. .... 1 60 Doe 100-1b. sacks . .„,. 2 00 uu26 :1 4105 Leeks, buneb. • „ 0 10 Q 25 Pal):;o:j.clbtititnneUh* 1°.4:„. :6705 1)0., peek .„... 0 25 0 30 Potetcee beg .. 1 30 1 60 Sage. bunch ... 0 05 0 10 Ts1 tz:vruonbri apyr:. , abubanugothi e.111. 00 7106 0 03 A 10 De" Ile/Ifeltill.t 'T"S .W" Ii0"14ESMall• 0 20 13eef. forequarters. ewe .... 16 OD 17 00 do hindquarters .. ..... 20 00 23 il0 AC jactirotetasocioitines7, .. 17 00 et 00 Veal, choice • 22 00 24 00 Heavy liogn: : 1120 0°00 2° fle° 14.110 17 00 re,120.ompbshog..s. 21 05 23 110 48712 001 21 00°0 Toronto Cattle Markets, 8110,11T If THE NEW OF THE Total British Clamaltles $ervloo in War 'Were ,ISi623. ng' ATE BABES AT MOM Hogs sold unchanged. Receipts; 149 eitz.e, 2,638 cattle. 155 calves, 1.018 hogs, 201 sheep. Export outtle, choice 1.4 Ile 15 50 Export cattle, medium ... 12 50 14 so lexport 13tals . 9 00 10 00 Butcher cattle, choVe . 10 50 11 60 Butcher cattle. mediuni „ 0 00 10 00 Butcher cattle, OQMPOOD 0 60 7 50 Butcher cows. choice 9 00 10 00 Butcher cows. medium 7 60 • 8 00 Butcher cows cannere 5 00 6 50 Butcher bulls • .. 8 00 9 10 Feeding steers .. 9 a) 11) 26 Stocker% choice ,8 25 0 00 Stockers, light 6 50 7 00 Milkers, choice .. N.. ... 35 00 333 re Springers, choice. ..... . 95 00 145 00 Sheep, ewes . „. 9 00 10 00 Bucks and culle 5 00 9 (5 Lambs . ... 15 00 15 60 liogs, a;atared 16 00 Hogs, f. 0. b. /5 25 Calves . ' 16 00 16 50 OTHER MARKETS WINNIPEG GleA.I14 EXCHANGB Fluctuations on the Winnipeg Grein Exchange Saturday were as follows: - Open. High. Low, Close. Oats- ADLY ##. 0 04% 0 651/2 Q 641/2 0 05 MAX-. ittay 3 011/4 3 03 3 0146 3 Oa Barley - May ... 0 821/2 0 82% 0 821/2 0 821/2 MINNEAPOLIS GRAIN. Duluth -Linseed at track $3.261/2; Feb- ruary. 53.20 bid; May, $3.28 bid. DULUTH LINSEED. Minneapolis, unchanged, Barley, 78 to 91e. Rye. No. 2. 4.53 to $1.54. Bran, 642.00. :Flax $2,24 to 63.26, aurvA.tio Livx- STOCK. Bast Thiffalo, Despateh-Cattle re, ceipts 2.800; strong; prime steers $17.60 to 618.60; shippleg steers sia to $17; butch- ers 610 $10.75; yeariino $13 to $16.75; heifers $8 to 612.2,5; dews $1.50 to $12; Mete 66.50 to $11.25; stockers and feeders 5o.50 to $11; fresh cows and springers 565 to 6150. Calves, receipts 1800; 25 cents lower; 65 to $18.25. Hogs, receipts 10,400; 'Piga 7ft cents to $1 higher; others 10 vines higher; heavY and ^mixed $17.50 to $18; yoriters 617.90; light yorkers 617.50 to 617.76; pigs ;17.25 to $17.50; throw -outs SIX to $10: stags $10 to $13; Canadians 617.65 to 617.80. Sheep and lambs, -receipts 13,000; lambs sixty cents lower; Others steady; lambs $11 to $17.40; yearlings $10 to $15; wethets $11 to 612; ewes 61 to $11; mixed sheer) 610.75 to 711.60. 0 *a* QUIET TAY IN LABOR I ROUBLES 'Ten Thousand Troops in Glasgow Now, Devlin Supports Belfast Strikers. London, Feb. 2. -There were ao splicing developnients in the labor troubles to -day, elthet on the Clyde tee in Belfast., Quiet prevailed in both districts. In Betfaet many, of the churches were obliged to abandon the evening service owing te lack tie light. - It is hoped that a number of shipyard workers may be ind'uced to resuine wOrk dering the, bourse ef the weTaekn thousand troops have tielved in Glasgow. Soldiers are mounted on the roofs of the building" sur- rounding Geerge, Square, and sentries with fixed bayonets are stationed at strategic points. The military display is provoking great resentment among the strikers there. • The Strike Bulletin, the offices of which were raided yesterday, ey the police, to -day itsued a strong attaelt against the Govesnment, which it ace cuses of acting Illegally in employing troope and seeking a pretext, to em- ploy arms against- the Clyde workets. "The workers are not so foolish ae to fall into such a trau," the uews. paper says., The workers have ed. vanced practical scheme to etvelt unemployment, and . instead of die - cussing it the Goverrenent has Made an attempt to cush its advocates I.)y czarist methods. The Government, la Clearly in league with the employere to burke discussion of the eche= which has been before Stift for YcTwItsi:ee" *more wrests were Made to- day on charge% of inciting to riot. Two ahoueana Ileum builders at 13elfast to -day joined the strike for a 44-haur week, Joseph Devlin, member of Parliament for West Belfest, ad. dressing his constituents And refttring to the refusal of the Governmept to intervene In the Situation, said he had never heard of a more callous- or inda tensible attitude. lie, thoroughly sym- pathized with the etrikere. A meeting of 600 delegates of the Beltway Clerks' Association, winch is having a conesoversy with the rail - Ways over the que,stion of its 'wool - tion ta a meeting In Itirreinghana, ete dap rulopted a resolution with man twelve dissentients, calling upon the Melons branches and limbers to' take snob. action as the menthe t eeenth edvisable the event a satisfentory settlement is 'not reached by Tuesday. This in all probability means a strike. PLUNKETT IN U. S. New York, Despateli-Sir norrece Plun- kett, who in Ms presided over the 1riiri- eOnVentioil which tried lit vain tet bring. about ail tegreement among /rIsli faction:4 for mdf-frOvernment, arrived here to -night on tho'Brititih liner AlitintiO WILIOD D'ITDOet it "listening exped- ition" to Aeterielt. Ire said he hoped to tilseover in Chiq enquiry interest In 1rolateVa hroblent suffivient to help brim.: about its solution wore the adjournment of the Peace Conference, Dublin Zinn Felnera 0011- vided of :Illegal Drilling, Willard Dalrymple was killed tn. stantly by a switch board lie the Egon Tem:anal railroad emelt In Walkers, Welland Board Of Trade has started on an eiterthive PrograMme for etne Industries awl for better eonelltlone for workingmen, Kent County Comma calls on ihe Legislature for a more aggreseive go - icy for permanent Idtprovement eot 1.°Ta(11.14o.mae Asedown, aged 17, • of Ur. onto. was shoe throng), the left Thai: by 0. bullet from e pistol alleged ter have been accidentally fired by NM'. liam Sheldon, aged 16. Brantford brtcklayers have melle 4 request for 70 centh per hour Per this year's schedule, They are asking eor a five.cent increme ever lest year and the Builders' Exchange have agreed tet the reguest. The body of Sir Starr eamesone eat ' ter known as "Dr, Jim" of Rain fame, Is to rest beside that of hie leader end friend, Cecil Rhodes, Maid the- self- tudes of the lofty., lonely Matopliosaln Matabeleland. , Wm, A. Gilmour, collector of aes. tome at Brockville port, died stideeply at the St. Vincent de Paul- Hospital,' where he had been a patient for ewe, weeks, suffedng from appendicitis. t The total ofa3ritis4 eastialties In tee air service for the eefireperiod, of the war was.16.623. Of this, aumber'6.10 were killed and 7,346 were wolincled, The remainder 'are missing or knowel to have,been teken prisoner. , That deliberate attempt waii xnAcle to lereek trains on the Pere Marquette north of, Chatham le the opinion ,ar the county pollee following the cliseev- ery of large spikes driven between tete rails. - • Sohn ite.Beeent. a Bosanquet town. ship boyeaged 13 years, is (Viten St. Joseph's Hospital, London, as a result of a riffle wound in the tem - ace, sustainen when an autoinatic weaPon,ain the, hands of a churn, Rea, dentally„discharged. • Lbeed .Thomes. Brntford ;was 'aect. dentalle shot at hist home Stitertlay morningeby a boy named Hess. The two were. exantining, a rifle, and they did not knowelt was loaded. Thoneas received a superficial wound a,crbes thrre.cAllesdt.teveli4,011, Who Is now on the staff of elle Department of Sialdierte Civil Tteetsablishinent, severed . all connection with the. labor moveMent, other then 'membership hi theaTelnet graphical, Union, with his resignation on Saturilay eight as president of To. ronto Tyliegraphical Union. • Paseports for negroes 'desirous elf at- tending a pan -African congrese at Paris Lave been refused by thatState- ment Illepartment, which almotinced that the Frenah Gonernment dm not considee the present a suitable thee to hold stech a conference, , , • Twelve Sinn Feiners veeree guilty at Dublin of illegal drilling in a private hall, and Were sentenced.te six mohths' iMprisonement. When ar- raigted thete sleeted „,elee authotay of British- laws, and one of them,' White in the dock, waved a repuelican. flag. Reuter's coerespandent reeorts ' terrible'story, of .cennebalism ;Which •oectirred 'eight Moitheeago at Mosul, Aslatic. Turkey, wheer -six small Child- ren Were •tacrilfced. and -their flesh. roasted for fttoe. There woulnemein to be nontottitt steno theatruth af the story, which is eopfirmed by aepeoto- graph shoe/beg the Mewl:titan of the men aed women at hfosul who perpe- trated 'this Itorrjble, trim& The Deans of the unfortunate little iictintheevere fauecleineteeeltonee Of the -two ctelprits. •0ti FIIENO1-1 FOREIGN MitellateER.. Stephen leichen,,the Minister of rtit4. Men ,Affairs 'in France, is one of tho prtheipal fiettees In the Mernbererhin of the Peace Congress, - 44 ,,,"6", GOMPERS seAos oomhossioN. Paris, Feb. 2. -The Commision on DIA ternationta Legislation of Labor ot the Peace Conference unanimouely ' elbeted Samuel Gement, president of the of L., as pregident at meeting Sat. urday morning. Arthur Foiltairie, of tit,e French Ministry of Labor, Was elected general aecretery, with Mr, lintier. British delegate, 44 POint general sem. rotary. ' Ali in the Xn China, every member ot a Mealy it, re.gpoiasible tor order in thet ninety aria gponsible with every other tette tot every inhabitant of a city is ROI 1.0. DS tranquility. if younger son „in a family should commit crime. the ODlitIP POD IA likely to be teken into t tisk) tor the Offense, 'and, perhape, "Is the medicine you have for yont rheumatism used internally or eider. nally?" "lexternally, 1 geese. I've Used nine bottles and it hasn't helped me yet."--liestori Trangeript.