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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Huron News-Record, 1889-07-17, Page 3"There was a frog who lived in a spring. He caught such a cold he could not sing." Poor. unfortunate Batraoblan 1 In what a sad plight he must have been. And yet his misfortune was ono that often befalls singers. Many a once tuneful voice among those who belong toehe"genus home" is• utterly spoiled by' cold in the head," or on the lunge, or both combined. For the above mentioned " croaker" wo aro not aware that any remedy was ever devised; but wo may keep theee to ir beads clear ll human d throatss in -tune by the timely use of I)r. Sage's Ca- tarrh Remedy and Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery. Dr. Sage's Catarrh Remedy cures the gttar_ worst cases of Catarrh in tho Head, no matter Of how long standing, while for all laryngeal, bronchial. throat and lung affec- tions, Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discov- ery is positively unequaled. It cures the Yvorst lingering coughs and builds up the flesh and strength It is guaranteed to benefit or cure, if taken in time and given a fair trial, or money paid for It refunded. Copyrr0t,1888, by WoaLD•Y Dls. MIR &85'M. Dr. Pierce's Pellets regulate and cleanse the liver, stomach and bowels. They are purely vegetable and ppeerfectly harmless. One a Dose. Sold Dy druggists, 116 cents • vial. The Huron News -Record $1.50 a Year -0l.25 to Advance. re The u.au does not ,G, justice to his bnsine+is who spends less Le advertising than he does in rent.—A T. STWNART, the millionaire merchant at' New York. • IVcdnestfay, July nth, 1889 AFOOT 1N IRELAND. AMONG THE BELFAST LINEN )TAKERS. BELFAST June 2L—Special Corres- pondence. Chicago Inter Ocean. --- Wizen one contemplates the tre- mendous amount of capital invested and the vast number of persons employed in the different processes of linen -making in this one Irish city, two reflections are impressively resultant. Tho first is along the line of the antiquity of linen spin- ning and weaving, with the won- drous reaches of history beti)'een its origin and the songs of` the spindlera of to -day. The second is the, astouudi• ig short-sightedness of American farmers • and manufac- turers that flax is not grown in the United States on the numberless •farms where wheat can no longer be counted on as ,a sure crop, for every pound of fiber used in 'the leaking of every pound of thread, fur the manufacture of every yard of linen purchased annually in Atneri. a, as well •as for millions of dollars worth for export. Outside of Ireland, Russia and Germany pro- duce the finest flax, and Germany spins and weaves the finest linen in the world ; and Russia's and Ger- many's climate and soils for raising, and streams for .steeping flax, are precisely identical with those in vast portions of our own country. A million acres of flax.more than is now grown should annually bo pro- duced in the United States. This would yield 14,000 000 bushels of seed, worth as many milliou,dollars for seed and oil. From it 2,500,- 000 tuns of flax straw worth $50,- 000,000, would be secured ; and from it 500,000 tons of flux fiber v urth $100,000,000 would be ob- tained. Aside from the increase in value of agricultural product THE INESTIMABLE BLESSING of the employment of over a quarter million people iu the manufacture of this • product into marketable goods, would also result. • It would seem to any reasonable mind that . this is a matter worth thinking about in America: The practical results are all shown right here in Belfast. •This 'city of over .250,000 souls, the third for customs in the United Kingdom, is, with her mag- nificent industries, wholly a result of flax:growing and linen spinning and weaving. Probably the earliest reference to flax -growing is found in the Book of Exodus,, where it is said that the plague of hail "the flax and the barley was smitten, and the flax was boiled." The quantities of mummy linen found in Egyptian tombs is remarkable, bodies often being enveloped in folds of linen cloth • from 300 to 50, yards in length ; its use in the garments of priests, and fur other sacerdotal purposes by all Eastern nations in ancient times, is well known ; while the veil of the Holy of Holies in the Jewish tabernacle was of linen. Phoenician merchants carried linen„ as a chief article of trade, into every part of the then known world. The ancient Britons were clad in skins, but their Druids wore linen gar- ments. The Milesians who came to Erin from Scythia 1,200 years previous to the Christian era, brought with thein a knowledge of the eniti:vtttioi of Os; as well its of the4nrt: of spinning sod weaving. In the ancient IRISH BOOR :0I' 'RIGHTS wrong the recorded tributes paid by previncia!, ltiuge.eru mentioned mantles of linen embroidered in colors Lind with gold and silver• thread ; while a poem ef_about the introduction of ,Ctlristittaity auto Ireland. refers t&f tlluruse•of linen in attire as follows. "I saw 116.st51g10ilt Iip,eu kilt \4itlr its Nord sial•ep borders, A t:u•e-reflected ruffror• of various hues The euveted tit the eyes of many." As early as St, Patrick's time the art of baud weaving and ewbroidety had already attained much perfec- tion in Ireland. St. Patrick him- self constautly kept three embroid- erers at work. One of these was his sister; another was the daughter of a noble of high rank ; and the third was a slaughter of Daire, Bing of Ulster. S. Cultuubeille also emplVyed skilled weavers and etllbroi•IHrera ; and it was King Eochaidh, kuuwu himself as the cloth designer, who introduced the weaving of various colored clothe auto Ireland, designating rank from the ono color of a servant, to the seven colors in'the raiment of kings and queens. For 500 years pre• vious to the Elizabethau and Croin- wellian wars hand liuen epinuing and weaving had reached a perf'ec tion iu,Iroland not surpassed in any other country ; but the desolation of Ireland for nearly 100 years after the savageries and extermina- tion of those conflicts almost wholly destroyed the industry. It was not revived until the revocation of the Edict of Nantes drove a great num- ber of families from France to Ire-, land. Many of these were SKILLED SPINNERS AND WEAVERS. They settled in the counties of Antrim, Artnagh, Down and Ty- rone, near Lisburn, Belfast, and 'Lurgan, and the industry was soots again so well under way that in 1770 a writer on Ireland, in speak- ing of this section, stated as a fact of peculiar interest that "the manu- facturers' wives drinK tea for breakfast !" Tea was a luxury in those days, as some of our own forefathers rather vigorously attest- ed. Again, in noting the extra- ordinary prosperity of the people of this region at the same period, the same writer related that "the weavers in the county keep a pack of hounds ; every man has a hound, and, joining them together, they hunt hares. The pack is no sooner heard than all the weavers leave their looms and away they go after them by hundreds." • Wet spinning of linen yarns was begun at Belfast in 1830. Previous to that•time three-fourths of all the yarn used in weaving linen was made on the ancient spinning wheel, in the honer of the cotters and farmers among the peasantry. A woman servant was not only expect- ed to accomplish her every -day household duties, but in addition she must spin a certain amount of yarn weekly. Mothers, daughters, and even the old grandmothers, had their allotted hours at the wheel, and its buzz and )tum were seldom missing froin the cabin save during the hours of sleep. TILE WOVEN OF TYRONE were most famous in all Ireland as spinners ; and their kempts, or spinning -matches, often plunged a whole tow.aland into excitement. Aptly illustrative of this is Carele- tou's story of the Irishman, "a great catch," in love with two girls, both famous as spinners, who spun a race for a day for the honor of his business -like hand. Pat should have been rewarded with more yarn than happiness. So late as 1850 only fifty-eight power looms' for linen weaving were in use in Ireland. In the intervening thirty- nine years, despite the natural dis- couragements from the deplorable condition of Ireland through gov- ermental injustice and stupidity, the iucrease in importance in every branch of linen manufacturehas been rnarvellons. , The amount of capital invested in this industry alone in, and about Belfast exceeds $110,- 000,000. 110;000,000. Thirty-five spinning mills, with over 850,000 "going" spindles and about the same number of weaving mills, driving' 25,000 looms, are in operation. These employ in all capacities upward of 100,000 persona ; and if you lived here you could see over 4,000 male and female operatives going in to their labor at one York street establiehment 6 o'clock in the morning every working day of the year. In all the world there is nq agricultural product so rich in labor, from seeding to the ultimate of preparation for use as flax. To begin with, the pi-eparation of soil requires more labor than for any other crop sown. BEFORE FLAX .FIBER IS MARKETABLE by the farmer several distinct labor processes are necessary. Weeding, a slow and laborous process, is the first ono. Then comes the pulling and sheeting, or gathering the flax into "boats" in the field. After this it is carted to the "steep -pond" and "rotted",or "steeped" from eight to ton dys. Then the wet and sticky stuff is again carted to the fields or "spread -ground" and carefully dried. "Lifting" and 1 "stocking" haler this, SO that the 04 X' may ba ug'tin 'got into sheaves end "capped," as with the "grains ehuok "of Atm lea, for additional drying and curing. It stench in these for sutue time, and 11 then taken to the `scarab -lull," where the roots, branches, withered bells, woody heart, and flinty outer sheath art+ removed. Thu fiber eoines fruut tins "scotch -mill" in whiepa or "strikes" containing abunt one aocl, nue-fourth pounds each. These are tied with .5 twist of the fiber into stouts or 14•pound bundles, and are ready for the: little Irish marktt towns, where the flax factors or buyers, after much bullying !/ , gr and a .t •,o U! ell u i 11n the t ► mer pay about 6 ti,llitlings per stone ; and it is then storehoused for use by the spinners. It is curious to follow the different processes ler the con- version of flax -fiber into linen thread ready for the weaver's use— and all of these processes are cai•ried on under one tout'—iu these great spinning -mills of l3elfast ; all ti' thn most casual knowledge of the wages and general condition of the 100,- 000 souls who, FROM CHILDHOOD TO THE GRAVE, drag their dreary lives through the twelve working hours of every working day of the year, is some- thing to snake every man or woman iu America fervently thank God for the privilege of striving in such a country as ours. The first process is termed "roughing." The fiber is still filled with flinty slivers of the flax -sheath. These aro re- moved by drawing the flax througq course steel combs, wholly a manual operation ; and lads from 14 to 18 years of age called "roughers" are employed. In one mill I saw nearly 100 "roughers" engaged in this work. It is stitling, dreadful work, the air being filled with a myriad almost impalpable particles pointed like steel.. The constant 'inhalation of these coon produce consumption and other fatal lung diseases. For the privetege of existing a while nnder these circum- stances "roughere" are paid about 9 shillings per week. The next operation is one of a similar nature called "hackling." Straightened in steel clamps the fiber is further cleaned and combed by concentric steelteeth revolving toward each other. Machine tenders, called "screwers," lads from 8 to 13 years old, are paid from 5 to 7 shillings per week fur this , work. The bunches of flax taken from the machines by other lads are laid crosswise in wooden frames. When one of these is filled it is called a "tipple of flax •;" and•the "tipplers" aro paid 8 shillings per week. THE NEXT PROCESS is effected in the sorting room. This is filled with • benches each provided with a slationary,double steel hackle or,omb. A very course our "opous up" the bunches of flax without breaking the fiber, and a much finer one is used in finishing the combing and dressing. Flax "sorters" are undoubtedly the most skilful men connected with any branch of linen manufacture. Their deftness in dressing and sort. ing • is truly marvellous. Halt' a dozen different grades of weight and color are often found in one bunch of flax, but when the silken stuff leaves their hands there is not a:particle of variation in weight and shade in the shining, hair-like piles before them. The utmost these sorters are permitted to make is 25 shillings per week. All the subsequent processes are in 'the hands of girls and women. The sorted flax is carried to the "spread- ing machines." These are provided with boards over which six straps moving at the speed of eighteen inches per minute run . between cylindera to "spread" and "blend" different desired grades of dressed flax. A girl standing at the right of each machine supplies or "spreads" the six never -halting straps with little wisps of different- ly graded fiber, so laying each wisp on each strap that an even quantity is constantly being received by the cylinders. This work is done with incredible rapidity. PROFICIENCY REQUIRES Y' ARS OF PRACTICE, eL but the wages are but 8 shillings per week. The flax is delivered from the "spreaders" into cylindrical cans in continuants shining "slivers," looking for all the world like a thin ribbon of confectioners' taffy. Automatic indicators 'ring belle when a certain desired quantity has been wound into the cans. 'Tess are removed, for fifth process, to the "drawing" rooms, where machines, attended by women, double and "draw. out" the "slivers" of fiber, until, -when it leaves this procees, in round numbers fully 2,000 "doublings" of the fiber have taken place; all for purpose of "leveling," or evening the "sliver' before spin- ning. The next operation is that of "roving," where from sixty to eighty "slivers" are run through each frame, and wound by machin- ery upon the spools into "roves" ready for the spinning machines. The women thus engaged are known as "rovers,"and earn 7 to 8 shillings per week, set wages. Tho seventh and last process in the manufacture of linen yarns is spinning. This 1. so well known that extended des- cription is unnecessary. The great Is Published Every Day of the Year, and is the LEADING REPUBLICAN PAPER OF TIIP NORTHWEST. Price. exclusive of S•enctay. by mall, pas'paw:....................59.00 per yeas Price, Sunday included, by mail, postpaid. ... 10.00 per ye *r ' SIa YxI+SZNreere pc LY INI Le. 0C`1e Alii. Is published on 310NDAYS and. THUlteLe wYy,.and besides tee a,•:re condensed Brent the Ilaily, it oontatRslnauX gnegt(l ,,ttur a of great value to those e., elLuated that they can not sepura the Dally ecury day. The Monday iartua coetaius.the s+s.•n,.uu,,• ,,ru,2.e4 in" 9rlte Deily inter Ocean of the saLue date. T.1 -U WE'E LYINTr:IZ. OCCre: AteN. • • Is the Most Popuit►-r b'a,uiiy Nowsp error pu',ilahed Nest of the A11e:h,rny Mount- ains. I1 owee Lts nova.' iy to the fact that it 1.+ the BEST EDITJ'18 utd Dae the f10.41 - EST LITERARY CHARACTER of any Western Publies.ttott. It is CLEAN and 13IIIGHT, and is the able espoueutof IDEAS and PRINCIPLES dear to the American people- While it ie bread ip its philanthropy, 11 !s FOR AMERICA AGAINST THE c - 1 , WORLD, and broadly claims that the beet seryl n 1 tot , ca,bedone e YUtt atA:1It:INI) IS To INCREASE+ AN» SIAME PEXaIA.NENT ell It PROSPERITY O1' 01115 GREAT 111" Conscteuttous scrvlee in this patriotic line of duty has elven it an unusual kohl u uon the American people, Resides, no paper excels it as a uisseminator of news. TUB MARKET REPORTS ARE RELIABLE ANI) COMPLETE. TIM NEWS Oi' THE WORLD is found condensed is its columns. and the very bust starter and literary productions THAT a10NEY CAN PURCHASE are regularly found In its columna- Among the special family features are the departments -THE FARM. AND 1141111E. WOMAN'S KINGDOM, and 01111 CURIOSITY SHOT'. On the whole. it is A MOREL AMIERICAN NEWSPAI'EIR, and richly deserves what it has, 'THE LARGEST C I1ICULA.TION of any publication of the kind 1n America. It is the best paper for the home and for the workshop. The price of The Weekly is.. • 81.00 per year The price of The Semi -Weekly is 82.00 per year For the accommodation of its patrons the management of THE INTER OCEAN has made arrangements to club both these editions with THAT BRILLIANT AND SUC- CESSFUL PUBLICATION, to SCRIBNER'S MAGAZINE. One of the best Literary Monthlies In America, and which compares favorably with any of the olderMagazlnes in illustrations and literary matter. THE PRICE OP THE MAGA- ZINE IS GS, but we will send THE WEEKLY INTER OCEAN and SCRIIINER'S MAGAZINE. both one year. for THREE, DOLLARS. Both publications for the price of one. THE SEMI-WEEKLY INTER OCEAN, and SCRIBNEWS MAGAZINE, both one year, for FOUR DOLLARS. In the political campaign that ended to tha election of HARRISON and MORTON andTHETRIUMPH OF PROTECTION PRINCIPLES, no paper had more influence Shan TUE INTER OCEAN. It has been first, last. and always Republican, and during els campaign came to be recognized as the LEADING REPUBLICAN PAPER OF THE WEST. It will maintain this position. and will give special attention to governmental and political affairs. to 1lemtttancas may be made.at-enr risk. either by draft. express. postol8ce order, express g Isrs,orrealstered letter. Address THE INTER OCEAN. Chicago. , FRESH AND RELIABLE. REMOVED ! 0 REMOVED ! One Door North of Young's .Baker g, Albert Street s • MRS O Our stock of Groceries and Provisions for spring and summer are very complete, and will be found Fresh and Reliable, embracing every line of Gongs to be found in a First - Class Grocery. We aim to give the Best Possible Goods at:the Lowest Possible Price, and to economical buyers we offer many advantages. PRODUCE TAKEN. CANTELON BROS., Wholesale & Retail Grocers, Clinton. rTi machines are fed from the "roves.' ,lust mentioned, the flex "Slivers" passing through boiling water over brass rollers to the spindles, which make from 5,000 to 6,000 revolu- tions pet• minute, the spun thread passing front spindle to spool with such vibration and speed that that it scarcely visiblo to the eye. ALL SPINNERS _WE 1VOMEN. I never yet saw human beings stru evlit e• for life under such miser- able conditions. They •are taken on as "helpers" at 10 years of age, and are allowed to work every other day 2 shillings 6 peace per week. For reasons which are claimed as necessary to manufacture they are compelled to labor in rooms at tomperturo of ninety degrees and from which all fresh air is ex eluded. I have been told by manufacturers themselves that es- caping steam, the dreadful odor of hot oils, the foul air and the intense heat of these veritable wurder-pens kill fully 30 per cent of all spinners before they reach 25 years of age. Belfast boasts of being a great, thriving, rich and industrious city. So it is. Practically by an uncon- querable force of combivatiou and capital these 100,000 souls, from boyhood to old age, death or tho poor house, are not permitted to earn more than from 50 cents, the lowest, to $4.87, the highest, wages, paid for six days labor during twelve hours per day; for the high- est wages pard weavers is also LI per week. A PLAIN STATEMENT. All poisonous waste, and worn out matter to escape from the system through the secretions of the bowels, kidneys and skin. B.13. B. cleanses, opens and regulates .these natural outlets for the removal of disease. —'Enjoyed your party, Bobby ?' `Oh, awfully.' 'Well, what little girl did you dance with 1' 'Oh, I didn't dance. I had three fights downstairs with Willie Richardson, an' I licked him every time.' MALARIALFEVER AND CHILLS are best broken up and prevented by using Milburn s Aromatic Quinine Wine. —There exists at present a EuC4- peen war cloud. The Portuguese a abort time ago compeller) the snrren• der of a railway built on the shore of Delagoa Bay on the east coast of Africa, by an English company. Two or three British gun-hoats have been sent thither and it is quite clear that the Imperial Government has determine] to take Portugal in hal:d. —When there is no criminal case for trial at Limerick Quarter Ses- sions the High Sheriff presents a flair of w;iite gloves to the Judge, as is ,Ione in Canada. Such a presentation was made to Judge Purcell, on June 19. His Lordship said that the present state of Littler, ick contrasted most eat i.f-,etori ly with that of some yort VS a,n. i1e had now so many pairs of white gloves that he didn't !Mow what to do with thein. —According to reports received by the Northern Pacific and the St. Paul, ;Minneapolis it: Manitoba Railroads, the wheat crop in Minne- sota, South Dakota, North Dakota, although not ,as encouraging as early ,indications led farmers to hope, is being considerably improved by good rains within the last tiltee or four days. It will hardly be an average crop, but is by no means a failure in any district. NEWSPAPER LAWS We call the special attention of I'ost nasters and subscribers to the following rynopsis of the newspaper laws :- 1—A postmaster is required to give notice BY t.IITTEIt (returning a paper does not answer the law) when a subscriber does not take his paper out of the office, and ;tate the reason for its not being taken. Any neglect to do so makes the postmaster responsible to the publishers for payment. 2—If any person orr'ers his paper dis- ;ontinued, be must pay all arrearvges, 01 the publisher may continue to send it until payment is made, and collect the whole amount, whether it be taken fret/ the office or not. There can he' no legal discontinuance until the payment is made. 3_,Any person who takes a paper frog. the post-oflice, Whether oireeted to hit name or another, or whether he has sub• scribed or not, is responsible for the pay. 4—If a subscriber orders his paper to bt stopped ata certain time, and the publish• er continues to send it the subscriber r bonnet() pay for it if he takes it out of the post -office. This proceeds upon theground that a man must pay for what he usee the Division Court in Goderieb at the November sitting a newspaper put • halter sued for pay of paper. The defnd •• ant objected paying on the'ground that he had ordered a former proprietor of the paper to discontinue it. The Judge held that that was not a valid defence. The plaintiff, the present proprietor, had no notilo to discontinue and consequently could collect, although it was not Honied that defendant had notified former pro- prietor to discontinue. In any event defenaut was bound to pay for the time he had received the paper and until he had paid all arrears duo for subscription. 'Pit. Iltiq,rn nEXs'Srag,>rlca are seleut111canetuld. carefully prepared prescrlpt10ne ; used torinany eccarsit►prlvale racticgw u, aucceas,audtorover helvisaert a iciuyototthedteeasawordp;F Peg oar rrcducing the syutein aild aro alit feat and deed thesovorefggttrola....a esottheWorld. ta5T OS PIOSSU Lt,ipe, . Cyalt3... rnter8. fFoyers, Congestion, 3unanm, tion .. 2 Worms, Worm Fever. Worm Colic.. .' Vsyh'g eolilc,or,Tcethingotlntapts ; tart• ea, tChiidreuorAdultz yYsenteay, Griping BillousCotIc Lholelra ltlorbus. vonilting 7 Coughs, Cold Bronchitis ' . 54 Neuralgia,ifioethache Faceacee �ijeadac toe, Sicklleadache, Vertigo .' 1U 1)yepepsitt, Blnou lStomach ],1 n1' rowed or Pa)uful Portode- • 1'2, *Vaatit, poo Profuse Periods 2 Oaten ,,.Cougar, Dlincult Bresthin • 1,g4 Balt Iabeuut, Eryysipelas, Eruptions. .' Y5 ltheumatison, itheumaticPains, 10 Fever and A gee, Chins, Malaria 1/ Piles, EnactorBleedin6� Catarrh, luiluenza, Coldlnthe8oad }li hoopla¢ Congh VlolentCoughs. ' General neb1Uty.F. yelgaIWeakness Kidney Disease Nervous Deb,l3t 0 Urinary Weakness, i Wetting i !L Diseases of thelleart,Palprtetion 1 Sold by Drumists, or sent ppopatpatd on receipt apiece. Da."HvnrnnsYS' MANUAL. (144 pages) richly bound in cloth and gold, maned tree, Humphreys' tlledlclueCo.lt Fulton St.t8 Y. SPECIFICS. WALLS & RICHARDSON CO. Agents, MONTREAL. TotILI. HEADS, NOTE He«ds, Letter Heads, ,Tags, Statements, Circulars, Business Cards, Envelopes, •Programmes, etc., etc.,printei in to workman Itke manner and at low rates. THE NEWS -RECORD Office. TO THE FARMERS. Study your own Interest and go where you can get Reliable Harness, I manufacture none but Inc BEST or STnca- Beware of shops that sell cheap, as they have got to live. Q?' Call and get prices. Orders by mall promply attended to JOnI T. C k t 7C 3Ed:t. HARNESS EMPORIUM, BLYTIlf ON's'. BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENT.. CORRESPONDENCE. We will at all times be pleased to, receive itcinie of news front our sub- scribers. 1Ve want u .good corres- pondent in every locality, not already represented, to send res RELIABLE news. SUBSCRIBERS. Patrons who do not receive their paper regularly from the carrier or thr ncgh their local post offices will confer a favor by reporting at this office at once. Subscriptions may commence at any tO,Ie. ADVERTiSEItS. Advertisers will please bear ik mind that all "changes" of advertisements, to ensure insertion, should be handed in not later than MONDAY NOON of each week. CIiRCCLATION. THE NEWS -RECORD has a larger circulation than' any other -paper •in this section, and as an advertising mnedhoii has fern equals in Ontario. Our ?books are open to those who mean brtsiness. JOIL, PRINTING. The Jub Department of this jour- nal is one of the best equipped in Western Ontario,. and a superior class Of work is guaranteed at veru tone prices. • gk P4• al. d.4A°,eagg z F•m 214R°•mh WLypesaggooQeoen W ,. �•nmlrg� qt4 ep,lq lar i7 •p1 ,yl.wypaglmEPaMei cal'- T q 04' d°sit4 �Zm�lig-Hemi-1.m Q spa°e rg io4t0.Q 1— 1-5 fgest:54 14,31,311 aw e�^gsl0 p9 DR. FOWLERS •EXT: OF • '•WILD' TRJWBERRY! CURES H011111 A. holera. Morbus q Lr I C'aci:o F3 AM PS G IARRINEA YSEKTERY AND ALL SUMMER COMPLAINTS AND FLUXES OF THE BOWELS IT IS SAFE AND RELIABLE FOR CHILDREN OR ADULTS.