HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Huron News-Record, 1889-07-17, Page 3"There was a frog who lived in a spring.
He caught such a cold he could not sing."
Poor. unfortunate Batraoblan 1 In what
a sad plight he must have been. And yet
his misfortune was ono that often befalls
singers. Many a once tuneful voice among
those who belong toehe"genus home" is•
utterly spoiled by' cold in the head," or on
the lunge, or both combined. For the above
mentioned " croaker" wo aro not aware
that any remedy was ever devised; but wo
may keep theee to ir beads clear ll human
d throatss in
-tune by the timely use of I)r. Sage's Ca-
tarrh Remedy and Dr. Pierce's Golden
Medical Discovery.
Dr. Sage's Catarrh Remedy cures the
gttar_ worst cases of Catarrh in tho Head, no
matter Of how long standing, while for all
laryngeal, bronchial. throat and lung affec-
tions, Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discov-
ery is positively unequaled. It cures the
Yvorst lingering coughs and builds up the
flesh and strength It is guaranteed to
benefit or cure, if taken in time and given
a fair trial, or money paid for It refunded.
Copyrr0t,1888, by WoaLD•Y Dls. MIR &85'M.
Dr. Pierce's Pellets
regulate and cleanse the liver, stomach and
bowels. They are purely vegetable and
ppeerfectly harmless. One a Dose. Sold
Dy druggists, 116 cents • vial.
The Huron News -Record
$1.50 a Year -0l.25 to Advance.
re The u.au does not ,G, justice to his bnsine+is
who spends less Le advertising than he does in
rent.—A T. STWNART, the millionaire merchant
at' New York. •
IVcdnestfay, July nth, 1889
AFOOT 1N IRELAND.
AMONG THE BELFAST LINEN )TAKERS.
BELFAST June 2L—Special Corres-
pondence. Chicago Inter Ocean.
---
Wizen one contemplates the tre-
mendous amount of capital invested
and the vast number of persons
employed in the different processes
of linen -making in this one Irish
city, two reflections are impressively
resultant. Tho first is along the
line of the antiquity of linen spin-
ning and weaving, with the won-
drous reaches of history beti)'een
its origin and the songs of` the
spindlera of to -day. The second is
the, astouudi• ig short-sightedness of
American farmers • and manufac-
turers that flax is not grown in the
United States on the numberless
•farms where wheat can no longer be
counted on as ,a sure crop, for
every pound of fiber used in 'the
leaking of every pound of thread,
fur the manufacture of every yard
of linen purchased annually in
Atneri. a, as well •as for millions of
dollars worth for export. Outside
of Ireland, Russia and Germany pro-
duce the finest flax, and Germany
spins and weaves the finest linen in
the world ; and Russia's and Ger-
many's climate and soils for raising,
and streams for .steeping flax, are
precisely identical with those in
vast portions of our own country.
A million acres of flax.more than is
now grown should annually bo pro-
duced in the United States. This
would yield 14,000 000 bushels of
seed, worth as many milliou,dollars
for seed and oil. From it 2,500,-
000 tuns of flax straw worth $50,-
000,000, would be secured ; and
from it 500,000 tons of flux fiber
v urth $100,000,000 would be ob-
tained. Aside from the increase in
value of agricultural product
THE INESTIMABLE BLESSING
of the employment of over a quarter
million people iu the manufacture
of this • product into marketable
goods, would also result. • It would
seem to any reasonable mind that
. this is a matter worth thinking
about in America: The practical
results are all shown right here in
Belfast. •This 'city of over .250,000
souls, the third for customs in the
United Kingdom, is, with her mag-
nificent industries, wholly a result
of flax:growing and linen spinning
and weaving.
Probably the earliest reference
to flax -growing is found in the Book
of Exodus,, where it is said that
the plague of hail "the flax and the
barley was smitten, and the flax
was boiled." The quantities of
mummy linen found in Egyptian
tombs is remarkable, bodies often
being enveloped in folds of linen
cloth • from 300 to 50, yards in
length ; its use in the garments of
priests, and fur other sacerdotal
purposes by all Eastern nations in
ancient times, is well known ; while
the veil of the Holy of Holies in
the Jewish tabernacle was of linen.
Phoenician merchants carried linen„
as a chief article of trade, into every
part of the then known world. The
ancient Britons were clad in skins,
but their Druids wore linen gar-
ments. The Milesians who came to
Erin from Scythia 1,200 years
previous to the Christian era,
brought with thein a knowledge of
the eniti:vtttioi of Os; as well its of
the4nrt: of spinning sod weaving.
In the ancient
IRISH BOOR :0I' 'RIGHTS
wrong the recorded tributes paid
by previncia!, ltiuge.eru mentioned
mantles of linen embroidered in
colors Lind with gold and silver•
thread ; while a poem ef_about the
introduction of ,Ctlristittaity auto
Ireland. refers t&f tlluruse•of linen in
attire as follows.
"I saw 116.st51g10ilt Iip,eu kilt
\4itlr its Nord sial•ep borders,
A t:u•e-reflected ruffror• of various hues
The euveted tit the eyes of many."
As early as St, Patrick's time the
art of baud weaving and ewbroidety
had already attained much perfec-
tion in Ireland. St. Patrick him-
self constautly kept three embroid-
erers at work. One of these was
his sister; another was the daughter
of a noble of high rank ; and the
third was a slaughter of Daire,
Bing of Ulster. S. Cultuubeille
also emplVyed skilled weavers and
etllbroi•IHrera ; and it was King
Eochaidh, kuuwu himself as the
cloth designer, who introduced the
weaving of various colored clothe
auto Ireland, designating rank from
the ono color of a servant, to the
seven colors in'the raiment of kings
and queens. For 500 years pre•
vious to the Elizabethau and Croin-
wellian wars hand liuen epinuing
and weaving had reached a perf'ec
tion iu,Iroland not surpassed in any
other country ; but the desolation
of Ireland for nearly 100 years
after the savageries and extermina-
tion of those conflicts almost wholly
destroyed the industry. It was not
revived until the revocation of the
Edict of Nantes drove a great num-
ber of families from France to Ire-,
land. Many of these were
SKILLED SPINNERS AND WEAVERS.
They settled in the counties of
Antrim, Artnagh, Down and Ty-
rone, near Lisburn, Belfast, and
'Lurgan, and the industry was soots
again so well under way that in
1770 a writer on Ireland, in speak-
ing of this section, stated as a fact
of peculiar interest that "the manu-
facturers' wives drinK tea for
breakfast !" Tea was a luxury in
those days, as some of our own
forefathers rather vigorously attest-
ed. Again, in noting the extra-
ordinary prosperity of the people
of this region at the same period,
the same writer related that "the
weavers in the county keep a pack
of hounds ; every man has a hound,
and, joining them together, they
hunt hares. The pack is no sooner
heard than all the weavers leave
their looms and away they go after
them by hundreds."
• Wet spinning of linen yarns was
begun at Belfast in 1830. Previous
to that•time three-fourths of all the
yarn used in weaving linen was
made on the ancient spinning wheel,
in the honer of the cotters and
farmers among the peasantry. A
woman servant was not only expect-
ed to accomplish her every -day
household duties, but in addition
she must spin a certain amount of
yarn weekly. Mothers, daughters,
and even the old grandmothers, had
their allotted hours at the wheel,
and its buzz and )tum were seldom
missing froin the cabin save during
the hours of sleep.
TILE WOVEN OF TYRONE
were most famous in all Ireland as
spinners ; and their kempts, or
spinning -matches, often plunged a
whole tow.aland into excitement.
Aptly illustrative of this is Carele-
tou's story of the Irishman, "a great
catch," in love with two girls, both
famous as spinners, who spun a
race for a day for the honor of his
business -like hand. Pat should
have been rewarded with more yarn
than happiness. So late as 1850
only fifty-eight power looms' for
linen weaving were in use in
Ireland. In the intervening thirty-
nine years, despite the natural dis-
couragements from the deplorable
condition of Ireland through gov-
ermental injustice and stupidity,
the iucrease in importance in every
branch of linen manufacturehas been
rnarvellons. , The amount of capital
invested in this industry alone in,
and about Belfast exceeds $110,-
000,000.
110;000,000. Thirty-five spinning mills,
with over 850,000 "going" spindles
and about the same number of
weaving mills, driving' 25,000
looms, are in operation. These
employ in all capacities upward of
100,000 persona ; and if you lived
here you could see over 4,000 male
and female operatives going in to
their labor at one York street
establiehment 6 o'clock in the
morning every working day of the
year.
In all the world there is nq
agricultural product so rich in labor,
from seeding to the ultimate of
preparation for use as flax. To
begin with, the pi-eparation of soil
requires more labor than for any
other crop sown.
BEFORE FLAX .FIBER IS MARKETABLE
by the farmer several distinct labor
processes are necessary. Weeding,
a slow and laborous process, is the
first ono. Then comes the pulling
and sheeting, or gathering the flax
into "boats" in the field. After
this it is carted to the "steep -pond"
and "rotted",or "steeped" from
eight to ton dys. Then the wet
and sticky stuff is again carted to
the fields or "spread -ground" and
carefully dried. "Lifting" and 1
"stocking" haler this, SO that the
04 X' may ba ug'tin 'got into sheaves
end "capped," as with the "grains
ehuok "of Atm lea, for additional
drying and curing. It stench in
these for sutue time, and 11 then
taken to the `scarab -lull," where
the roots, branches, withered bells,
woody heart, and flinty outer
sheath art+ removed. Thu fiber
eoines fruut tins "scotch -mill" in
whiepa or "strikes" containing abunt
one aocl, nue-fourth pounds each.
These are tied with .5 twist of the
fiber into stouts or 14•pound bundles,
and are ready for the: little Irish
marktt towns, where the flax factors
or buyers, after much bullying
!/ , gr
and a .t •,o
U! ell u i 11n the t ► mer
pay
about 6 ti,llitlings per stone ; and it
is then storehoused for use by the
spinners. It is curious to follow
the different processes ler the con-
version of flax -fiber into linen
thread ready for the weaver's use—
and all of these processes are cai•ried
on under one tout'—iu these great
spinning -mills of l3elfast ; all ti' thn
most casual knowledge of the wages
and general condition of the 100,-
000 souls who,
FROM CHILDHOOD TO THE GRAVE,
drag their dreary lives through the
twelve working hours of every
working day of the year, is some-
thing to snake every man or woman
iu America fervently thank God
for the privilege of striving in
such a country as ours. The first
process is termed "roughing." The
fiber is still filled with flinty slivers
of the flax -sheath. These aro re-
moved by drawing the flax througq
course steel combs, wholly a manual
operation ; and lads from 14 to 18
years of age called "roughers" are
employed. In one mill I saw
nearly 100 "roughers" engaged in
this work. It is stitling, dreadful
work, the air being filled with a
myriad almost impalpable particles
pointed like steel.. The constant
'inhalation of these coon produce
consumption and other fatal lung
diseases. For the privetege of
existing a while nnder these circum-
stances "roughere" are paid about
9 shillings per week. The next
operation is one of a similar nature
called "hackling." Straightened
in steel clamps the fiber is further
cleaned and combed by concentric
steelteeth revolving
toward each
other. Machine tenders, called
"screwers," lads from 8 to 13 years
old, are paid from 5 to 7 shillings
per week fur this , work. The
bunches of flax taken from the
machines by other lads are laid
crosswise in wooden frames. When
one of these is filled it is called a
"tipple of flax •;" and•the "tipplers"
aro paid 8 shillings per week.
THE NEXT PROCESS
is effected in the sorting room.
This is filled with • benches each
provided with a slationary,double
steel hackle or,omb. A very
course our "opous up" the bunches
of flax without breaking the fiber,
and a much finer one is used in
finishing the combing and dressing.
Flax "sorters" are undoubtedly the
most skilful men connected with
any branch of linen manufacture.
Their deftness in dressing and sort.
ing • is truly marvellous. Halt' a
dozen different grades of weight
and color are often found in one
bunch of flax, but when the silken
stuff leaves their hands there is not
a:particle of variation in weight
and shade in the shining, hair-like
piles before them. The utmost
these sorters are permitted to make
is 25 shillings per week. All the
subsequent processes are in 'the
hands of girls and women. The
sorted flax is carried to the "spread-
ing machines." These are provided
with boards over which six straps
moving at the speed of eighteen
inches per minute run . between
cylindera to "spread" and "blend"
different desired grades of dressed
flax. A girl standing at the right
of each machine supplies or
"spreads" the six never -halting
straps with little wisps of different-
ly graded fiber, so laying each wisp
on each strap that an even quantity
is constantly being received by the
cylinders. This work is done with
incredible rapidity.
PROFICIENCY REQUIRES Y' ARS OF
PRACTICE, eL
but the wages are but 8 shillings per
week. The flax is delivered from
the "spreaders" into cylindrical cans
in continuants shining "slivers,"
looking for all the world like a
thin ribbon of confectioners' taffy.
Automatic indicators 'ring belle
when a certain desired quantity has
been wound into the cans. 'Tess
are removed, for fifth process, to the
"drawing" rooms, where machines,
attended by women, double and
"draw. out" the "slivers" of fiber,
until, -when it leaves this procees,
in round numbers fully 2,000
"doublings" of the fiber have taken
place; all for purpose of "leveling,"
or evening the "sliver' before spin-
ning. The next operation is that
of "roving," where from sixty to
eighty "slivers" are run through
each frame, and wound by machin-
ery upon the spools into "roves"
ready for the spinning machines.
The women thus engaged are known
as "rovers,"and earn 7 to 8 shillings
per week, set wages. Tho seventh
and last process in the manufacture
of linen yarns is spinning. This 1.
so well known that extended des-
cription is unnecessary. The great
Is Published Every Day of the Year, and is the
LEADING REPUBLICAN PAPER OF TIIP NORTHWEST.
Price. exclusive of S•enctay. by mall, pas'paw:....................59.00 per yeas
Price, Sunday included, by mail, postpaid. ... 10.00 per ye *r
' SIa YxI+SZNreere pc LY INI Le. 0C`1e Alii.
Is published on 310NDAYS and. THUlteLe wYy,.and besides tee a,•:re condensed Brent the
Ilaily, it oontatRslnauX gnegt(l ,,ttur a of great value to those e., elLuated that they can not
sepura the Dally ecury day. The Monday iartua coetaius.the s+s.•n,.uu,,• ,,ru,2.e4 in" 9rlte Deily
inter Ocean of the saLue date.
T.1 -U WE'E LYINTr:IZ. OCCre: AteN. • •
Is the Most Popuit►-r b'a,uiiy Nowsp error pu',ilahed Nest of the A11e:h,rny Mount-
ains. I1 owee Lts nova.' iy to the fact that it 1.+ the BEST EDITJ'18 utd Dae the f10.41 -
EST LITERARY CHARACTER of any Western Publies.ttott. It is CLEAN and
13IIIGHT, and is the able espoueutof IDEAS and PRINCIPLES dear to the American
people- While it ie bread ip its philanthropy, 11 !s FOR AMERICA AGAINST THE
c - 1 ,
WORLD, and broadly claims that the beet seryl n 1 tot , ca,bedone e YUtt atA:1It:INI) IS
To INCREASE+ AN» SIAME PEXaIA.NENT ell It PROSPERITY O1' 01115 GREAT
111" Conscteuttous scrvlee in this patriotic line of duty has elven it an unusual
kohl u uon the American people, Resides, no paper excels it as a uisseminator of news.
TUB MARKET REPORTS ARE RELIABLE ANI) COMPLETE. TIM
NEWS Oi' THE WORLD is found condensed is its columns. and the very bust
starter and literary productions THAT a10NEY CAN PURCHASE are regularly found
In its columna- Among the special family features are the departments -THE
FARM. AND 1141111E. WOMAN'S KINGDOM, and 01111 CURIOSITY SHOT'. On the
whole. it is A MOREL AMIERICAN NEWSPAI'EIR, and richly deserves what it has,
'THE LARGEST C I1ICULA.TION of any publication of the kind 1n America. It is the
best paper for the home and for the workshop.
The price of The Weekly is.. • 81.00 per year
The price of The Semi -Weekly is 82.00 per year
For the accommodation of its patrons the management of THE INTER OCEAN has
made arrangements to club both these editions with THAT BRILLIANT AND SUC-
CESSFUL PUBLICATION,
to SCRIBNER'S MAGAZINE.
One of the best Literary Monthlies In America, and which compares favorably with any of
the olderMagazlnes in illustrations and literary matter. THE PRICE OP THE MAGA-
ZINE IS GS, but we will send THE WEEKLY INTER OCEAN and SCRIIINER'S
MAGAZINE. both one year. for THREE, DOLLARS. Both publications for the price
of one. THE SEMI-WEEKLY INTER OCEAN, and SCRIBNEWS MAGAZINE,
both one year, for FOUR DOLLARS.
In the political campaign that ended to tha election of HARRISON and MORTON
andTHETRIUMPH OF PROTECTION PRINCIPLES, no paper had more influence
Shan TUE INTER OCEAN. It has been first, last. and always Republican, and during
els campaign came to be recognized as the LEADING REPUBLICAN PAPER OF THE
WEST. It will maintain this position. and will give special attention to governmental and
political affairs. to
1lemtttancas may be made.at-enr risk. either by draft. express. postol8ce order, express
g Isrs,orrealstered letter. Address
THE INTER OCEAN. Chicago. ,
FRESH AND RELIABLE.
REMOVED ! 0 REMOVED !
One Door North of Young's .Baker g, Albert Street
s
•
MRS
O
Our stock of Groceries and Provisions for spring and summer are very complete, and
will be found Fresh and Reliable, embracing every line of Gongs to be found in a First -
Class Grocery. We aim to give the Best Possible Goods at:the Lowest Possible Price,
and to economical buyers we offer many advantages. PRODUCE TAKEN.
CANTELON BROS., Wholesale & Retail Grocers, Clinton.
rTi
machines are fed from the "roves.'
,lust mentioned, the flex "Slivers"
passing through boiling water over
brass rollers to the spindles, which
make from 5,000 to 6,000 revolu-
tions pet• minute, the spun thread
passing front spindle to spool with
such vibration and speed that
that it scarcely visiblo to the eye.
ALL SPINNERS _WE 1VOMEN.
I never yet saw human beings
stru evlit e• for life under such miser-
able conditions. They •are taken
on as "helpers" at 10 years of age,
and are allowed to work every
other day 2 shillings 6 peace per
week. For reasons which are
claimed as necessary to manufacture
they are compelled to labor in rooms
at tomperturo of ninety degrees
and from which all fresh air is ex
eluded. I have been told by
manufacturers themselves that es-
caping steam, the dreadful odor of
hot oils, the foul air and the intense
heat of these veritable wurder-pens
kill fully 30 per cent of all spinners
before they reach 25 years of age.
Belfast boasts of being a great,
thriving, rich and industrious city.
So it is. Practically by an uncon-
querable force of combivatiou and
capital these 100,000 souls, from
boyhood to old age, death or tho
poor house, are not permitted to
earn more than from 50 cents, the
lowest, to $4.87, the highest, wages,
paid for six days labor during
twelve hours per day; for the high-
est wages pard weavers is also LI
per week.
A PLAIN STATEMENT.
All poisonous waste, and worn out
matter to escape from the system
through the secretions of the bowels,
kidneys and skin. B.13. B. cleanses,
opens and regulates .these natural
outlets for the removal of disease.
—'Enjoyed your party, Bobby ?'
`Oh, awfully.' 'Well, what little
girl did you dance with 1' 'Oh, I
didn't dance. I had three fights
downstairs with Willie Richardson,
an' I licked him every time.'
MALARIALFEVER AND CHILLS
are best broken up and prevented by
using Milburn s Aromatic Quinine
Wine.
—There exists at present a EuC4-
peen war cloud. The Portuguese a
abort time ago compeller) the snrren•
der of a railway built on the shore
of Delagoa Bay on the east coast of
Africa, by an English company.
Two or three British gun-hoats
have been sent thither and it is
quite clear that the Imperial
Government has determine] to take
Portugal in hal:d.
—When there is no criminal case
for trial at Limerick Quarter Ses-
sions the High Sheriff presents a
flair of w;iite gloves to the Judge,
as is ,Ione in Canada. Such a
presentation was made to Judge
Purcell, on June 19. His Lordship
said that the present state of Littler,
ick contrasted most eat i.f-,etori ly
with that of some yort VS a,n. i1e
had now so many pairs of white
gloves that he didn't !Mow what to
do with thein.
—According to reports received
by the Northern Pacific and the
St. Paul, ;Minneapolis it: Manitoba
Railroads, the wheat crop in Minne-
sota, South Dakota, North Dakota,
although not ,as encouraging as
early ,indications led farmers to
hope, is being considerably improved
by good rains within the last tiltee
or four days. It will hardly be an
average crop, but is by no means a
failure in any district.
NEWSPAPER LAWS
We call the special attention of I'ost
nasters and subscribers to the following
rynopsis of the newspaper laws :-
1—A postmaster is required to give
notice BY t.IITTEIt (returning a paper does
not answer the law) when a subscriber does
not take his paper out of the office, and
;tate the reason for its not being taken.
Any neglect to do so makes the postmaster
responsible to the publishers for payment.
2—If any person orr'ers his paper dis-
;ontinued, be must pay all arrearvges, 01
the publisher may continue to send it
until payment is made, and collect the
whole amount, whether it be taken fret/
the office or not. There can he' no legal
discontinuance until the payment is made.
3_,Any person who takes a paper frog.
the post-oflice, Whether oireeted to hit
name or another, or whether he has sub•
scribed or not, is responsible for the pay.
4—If a subscriber orders his paper to bt
stopped ata certain time, and the publish•
er continues to send it the subscriber r
bonnet() pay for it if he takes it out of the
post -office. This proceeds upon theground
that a man must pay for what he usee
the Division Court in Goderieb
at the November sitting a newspaper put •
halter sued for pay of paper. The defnd ••
ant objected paying on the'ground that he
had ordered a former proprietor of the
paper to discontinue it. The Judge held
that that was not a valid defence. The
plaintiff, the present proprietor, had no
notilo to discontinue and consequently
could collect, although it was not Honied
that defendant had notified former pro-
prietor to discontinue. In any event
defenaut was bound to pay for the time
he had received the paper and until he
had paid all arrears duo for subscription.
'Pit. Iltiq,rn nEXs'Srag,>rlca are seleut111canetuld.
carefully prepared prescrlpt10ne ; used torinany
eccarsit►prlvale racticgw u, aucceas,audtorover
helvisaert a iciuyototthedteeasawordp;F
Peg oar rrcducing the syutein aild aro alit feat and
deed thesovorefggttrola....a esottheWorld.
ta5T OS PIOSSU Lt,ipe, . Cyalt3... rnter8.
fFoyers, Congestion, 3unanm, tion ..
2 Worms, Worm Fever. Worm Colic.. .'
Vsyh'g eolilc,or,Tcethingotlntapts ;
tart• ea, tChiidreuorAdultz
yYsenteay, Griping BillousCotIc
Lholelra ltlorbus. vonilting
7 Coughs, Cold Bronchitis ' .
54 Neuralgia,ifioethache Faceacee
�ijeadac toe, Sicklleadache, Vertigo .'
1U 1)yepepsitt, Blnou lStomach
],1 n1' rowed or Pa)uful Portode-
• 1'2, *Vaatit, poo Profuse Periods
2 Oaten ,,.Cougar, Dlincult Bresthin
•
1,g4 Balt Iabeuut, Eryysipelas, Eruptions. .'
Y5 ltheumatison, itheumaticPains,
10 Fever and A gee, Chins, Malaria
1/ Piles, EnactorBleedin6�
Catarrh, luiluenza, Coldlnthe8oad
}li hoopla¢ Congh VlolentCoughs.
' General neb1Uty.F. yelgaIWeakness
Kidney Disease
Nervous Deb,l3t
0 Urinary Weakness, i
Wetting i
!L Diseases of thelleart,Palprtetion 1
Sold by Drumists, or sent ppopatpatd on receipt
apiece. Da."HvnrnnsYS' MANUAL. (144 pages)
richly bound in cloth and gold, maned tree,
Humphreys' tlledlclueCo.lt Fulton St.t8 Y.
SPECIFICS.
WALLS & RICHARDSON CO. Agents,
MONTREAL.
TotILI. HEADS, NOTE
He«ds, Letter Heads, ,Tags,
Statements, Circulars, Business
Cards, Envelopes, •Programmes,
etc., etc.,printei in to workman
Itke manner and at low rates.
THE NEWS -RECORD Office.
TO THE FARMERS.
Study your own Interest and go where
you can get
Reliable Harness,
I manufacture none but Inc BEST or STnca-
Beware of shops that sell cheap, as they have
got to live. Q?' Call and get prices. Orders
by mall promply attended to
JOnI T. C k t 7C 3Ed:t.
HARNESS EMPORIUM, BLYTIlf ON's'.
BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENT..
CORRESPONDENCE.
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