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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Huron Expositor, 1953-09-11, Page 2S E HU OSOR 1 tshcl at,ygafoat th, Ontario, ev- ar` R ternoon by McLean Y. McLean, Editor ripion rates, $2.50 a year in foreign $3.50 a year. Single iiEI-ts each. of Canadian yr Newspapers Association, s». hired a local scribe, a "mute, ingloa - ions MAW' perhaps, to turn the no - flees into verse. The little boards which in other parks would have car- ried arried the command, "Keep Off the Grass," in this one read as follows: "Let no one say, And- say it - to your shame, That all was beauty here— Before you came." Other notices had similar verses and it was surprising how much ap- peal they bore to the public mind. People, far from ignoring them, de- Iiberately sought for them as they strolled through the park and point- ed them out to visitors as something quaint and in keeping with the at- mosphere of the place. It certainly seems an idea worthy of more gen- eral application—an ingenious meth- od of employing rhyme to emphasize the force of reason. Advertising rates on application. PHONE 41 Authorised as Second Class Mail Poet Office Department, Ottawa SEAFORTH, September' 11, 1953 Huron Stands At Top Huron and ' Perth Counties con- tinue to lead the Province in terms of agricultural worth, according to "Agricultural Statistics for Ontario for 1952," issued by the Provincial Department of Agriculture. With 675,299 cleared acres, Huron had in 1952 field crops valued at $15,400,820, Perth field crops amount to $12,066,500. Horses continued to decrease in numbers as farm mechanization comes to greater number of farms. However, there are 7,260 horses in Huron, valued at $808,900. Huron stands first in the Province in terms of cattle. In 1952 there were 149,300 head of cattle, valued at $26,100,700. This compares with 117,300 head valued at $20,626,300 in Perth. Huron stands at the top of the list, too, in so far as poiiltry is concern- ed. The poultry population totalled 1,661,859, including hens and chick- ens, and was valued at $1,282,200. In Perth there were 1,532,501 hens and chickens worth $1,136,500. Highway Fatalities The fact that during the first six months' of 1953 statistics show that highway fatalities per hundred mil- lion miles of driving have decreased slightly is no reason for motorists to throw up their hats and cheer. The highway fatality rate is still far too high. The first six months of 1953 show the greatest registration of motor vehicles on record for the period. At 1,321,847 it is 9.3% higher than for the same period last year when regis- trations stood at 1,209,769. Estimated mileage driven for the period advanced from 4,937 million des in 1952 to 5,588 million in 1953, about equal to the mileage driven in the entire year of 1941. Although the number of fatalities during the period increased from 377 in 1952 to 403 in 1953, mileage death rates calculated on the number of fatalities per hundred million miles of driving, have improved at 7.20. This compares with a figure of 7.65 for the first six months of last year. Average mileage driven increased in the period from 4,080 to 4,234. The statistics are interesting, but their prime value is to suggest the fact that motorists must continue to exercise care. As long as there are highway fatalities, there is room for improvement. Rhyme and Reason From the point' of view of cost alone, notices in parks and beauty - spots have to be terse and to the point, an exchange says. But this terseness, by cutting out the small words of courtesy such as "please," turns them sometimes into brusque orders which produce a certain read- er resistance. If that resistance is strong enough, the object of the no- tice is defeated. A small town offers an idea which Might be of interest to parks' authori- ties, according to the exchange. This town has a piece of land which it de- eided to make into a park. The land was small, oblong in shape, uneven, and with' a river wriggling its way brough the •middle of it. However, 8he$' placed strategically to cut off ilkview of nearby buildings gave it *is apparent remoteness and land - 9 ,itpf'h with rockeries and terraces, ' tiple' of . rustic bridges and sortie ade it a delightful place to an idle half-hour. oblem was to get peo- lace neat and tide the i oWn council The Husband's Place Husbands can anticipate being en- listed as home helpers if the 1,300 delegates who attended an Edin- burgh conference do what they were urged to do. A husband's place is in the kitchen right alongside his wife, the eighth International Congress on Holme Economics has decided after a week-long conference. For 40 hours a week, the bread- winner can remain safely at his job, but when he is home he has no right and no reason to sit in the easy chair while his wife wears herself out with the household chores, said the con- ferees. The delegates, from 46 countries, determined on ways of raising _the status of housewifery as a profes- sion. Husbands should note that al- most every suggestion centred about a greater contribution to housework on their. part. What Other Papers Say: Old -Fashioned Bread • • (St. Marys Journal -Argus) In an effort to put back into wheat flour what the modern milling pro- cesses have been taking out, the Gov- ernment sponsored program of add- ing vitamins to all flour used in bread making was commenced a few months ago in Canada. Now, it ap- pears the resultant bread has an un - 'desirable effect on a small percentage of people. These people are allergic to some of the "B" vitamins, it is thought. Just how many more per- sons will be affected with this allergy is hard to discern at this early date, but it might well be found that this so-called super -bread is not so bene- ficial as the scientific ii ople hoped it would be. Good old wholesome stone ground flour with most of the ingred- ients of the wheat kernel in it, may be a mighty hard kind of food to beat, after all. Sir Humphrey Will Be Upset (From the Financial Post) Don't miss seeing Newfoundland's fine capital—"Halifax," advised a U. S. magazine the other day. It didn't say whether to walk or swim across the 543 odd miles of open Atlantic that separates the ports of Halifax and St. John's. A few days later in Washington there was an incident which the St. John's Telegram calls "Lost in His- torical Fog." Senator Paul Douglas, ex -college professor with degrees dangling to his ankles, asked if it weren't true that Newfoundland "re- cently was compelled to' give up her status as an independent Common- wealth of the British Empire and to become a protectorate, more or less, of the Dominion of Canada." -Senator Estes Kefauver (of crime committee and coonskin cap fame) was quick to reply, "That is correct, and I think the situation there is be- coming increasingly bad." All this may make Newfoundland- ers boil and cause the bones of Sir Humphrey Gilbert to do a slow roll in their watery grave. But it should delight the rest of us. For here sure- ly is positive proof that the "Great island" is, part of Canada. ii; must be. Because our American friends are treating it with that spe- cial innocent ignorance and air of mystery which they ascribe to all things Canadian. -Weighs 3 Tons, Says Don't Drop Last week the new safe -for the Bank of Nova Scotia arrived in tee- ter for installation. The building owned by W. C. Allison has under- gone ndergone extensive repairs and a re- inforced concrete vault was built to accommodate the new safe. The safe weighed 6.700 pounds and the crate was labelled, "This End Up" and "Do Not Drop."—Exeter Times- Advoeate• New Health Nurse Named Miss Hilda Pletch, daughter of Mr. and Mrs- Herb Pletch, Belgrave, has taken .up her duties as public health nurse for the Huron County Health Unit, of Clinton. Mies Pletch will be in charge of the Ex- eter area of the health unit. She was educated at Wengham District High School and trained as a nurse in Stratford. — Wingham Advance - Times. Wins Engineering Award G. R. Yungblut, Auburn, has re- ceived a. third year engineering scholarship at Queen's University, offered by the Ontario Hydro. This is one of nine scholarships, an- nounced last week by Chairman Robert H. Saunders. They are of- fered in recognition of the out- standing work done by graduate en- gineers of Canadian universities in the field of hydro -electric genera- tion and distribution, — Clinton News -Record. Gets Appointment as Manager Appointment of Ray King, ac- countant with- the Bank of Mont- real in Goderich for the past seven years, to the post of manager at the bank branch in Crediton, was announced on Monday. Mr. King, who expects to take up this new duties about September 15, came here in 1946 from Exeter, where he had also served with the Bank of Montreal. While in Goderich ie has been active in the Lions Club and was named treasurer for the 1953-64 term.—Goderich Signal -Star. Stage Benefit Skating Show Citizens of Goderich and vicinity opened up their hearts and their pocketbooks last Saturday night as over 2,000 at the final skating show in Goderich Memorial Arena contributed more than $1,200 as a benefit for Howard Carroll, popular Goderich man, who was injured re- cently in an accident at the harbor. For several days prior to the skat- ing kating performance, workers had been out selling tickets and gathering money for the big benefit night. The total amount raised was the result of the huge ticket sale and collections made at the arena dur- ing the show. The performance culminated nine weeks of training by over 80 students who attended the summer figure skating school operated by, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Elkin, of Buffalo.—Goderich Signal - Star. P, iew Completes 40 YearAief Ser>rice • Forty years -of continuous service Is now a fact for the chief operator of the Blyth Municipal Telephone Systeg4, Mian .Aalsei;►ine Waodcoelk, who on Tuesday marked her - 40th anniversary of uninterrupted serv- ice, 34 of them as chief operator Or the system. OQngratplatious are certainly' due Miss Woodcock' on this anniversary occasion. When she started work with the system, the exchange was located in the rear of the building now used as the site of operation. Later the equipment was moved to the second storey, and only a few' year ago it was moved to its more spacious and pleasant location. Miss Wood- cock ha$ seen many changes in the past 40 'years. when she went to work for the system the power was developed through a generator. Later, batteries were used, and fin- ally the switch to hydro was made when that commodity was establish- ed in the village.—Blyth Standard. Word From Tourists We are in receipt of postal cards from Zurich tourists who are on the trail seeing things elsewhere. From Mr. and Mrs- Qhris, Heist, a postal from Minot, N.D., stating that they arrived at that place driv- ing over 500 miles that day; were on the road at 4:30 in the morning, passed through the toll gates at Duluth, Minn. They covered 1,300 miles in three days, and are head- ing for Regina, bask. And from our nephew, Mr. Gordon Smith, who in company with Lloyd and Lorne Klopp, Zurich, . writes from Alba - quekue, State of New' Mexico: "We have had an excellent trip so far and perfect weather and rates reas- onable. We are now headed for Grand Canyon and other points fur- ther west. Will hear from us again later on." Here's wishing these tourists and sightseers much iuc- cess and a safe return homey—Zur- ich Herald. Scholarship to Clinton Girl An outstanding student at Gode- rich District Collegiate Institute, Marilyn V. Turner, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. H. S. Turner, has been awarded the James C. Taylor 'Mem- orial Scholarship, it was announc- ed Tuesday last week. Miss Turner who has led her classes and has been awarded scholarships each year in her studies at the Colleg- iate, this year captured nine firsts and one second in her provincial up- per school examinations. The schol- arship, which is for $300 in cash for four years or a possible total va- lue of $1,164, is•for high standing in Science and French. This marks the first time that the award has been made to a student at the local high school and the first time in a number of years that a provincial scholarship has come to the school. The memorial scholarship is for study at Victoria College at the University of Toronto. — Goderich Signal -Star. Farm News of Huron County The extreme hot, dry weather which has been ideal for the com- pletion of the grain harvest and storing of excellent quality second - cut hay, bas caused severe damage to the cultivated crops, according to Ge W. Montgomery, agricultural representative. The corn crop is drying up; white beans are being harvested two or three weeks earlier than usual, and soybeans and sugar beets are mak- ing little growth. Pastures are drying up and dairy operators re- port a substantial decrease in the milk flow. The first turnips were shipped from the Blyth area with the grov;*- ers receiving 50 cents per .bushel at the field. Research in Trees Trees that grow 10 feet in one year have been produced by the Research Division of the Ontario Department of Lands and Forests at its Southern Research Station at Maple. near Toronto. The trees, crosses of ashen with silver poplar, are expected to be available some day for reforestation purposes in this Province, The Reforestation Division is seeking to develop an aspen•+poplar hybrid of good form and wood color, rapid growth and disease resistant, suitable for plant- ing in Southern Ontario where the climate is unsdited, to aspen. A number of natural `hybrids have been found, "This cross is being requested scientifically on a rather large scale," the research men say, "to end still better hybrids among the seedlings, Since aspen -poplars cannot yet be propagated success- fully by stem cuttings, research in- to vegetative propagation from root cuttings appears promising." Frequent rainy periods earlier in the summer are said to be in part responsible for a disease which has attacked sugar maples in some parts of the Province, especially in the Lake Erie District. Reports to the Ontario Department of Lands end Forests by District Foresters indicate that dead spots appear on the leaves and eventually leaves are killed and drop off. In severe cases the tree may. be stripped add remain bare until a second crop of leaves is produced later in the summer. Small twigs and branch- , es also are ]tilled. 'Cause is a group of fungi kntrwn as Gioeosporium, • Wihile it is al - Ways present, frequent rainy icer• icicle lead to its rapid spread. Best: control method for shade er orna•, mental trees, is cutting off and .de- stroying all dead twigs and branch- es since they carry the tune spores. Pruning trees also can carry the disease to healthy trees and should be sterilized. Spraying with 4-4-50 Bordeaux mixture at 10 day to two week intervals until three applications have been given is recommended. There is little likelihood of permanent injury to the tree from the disease. Self -Storage of Pickles Prolonged exposure to light and high temperature has a profound effect on pickles, and manufactur- ers and retailers should take pre- cautions to provide storage condi- tions most favorable to the reten- tion of quality. Two or three, months' storage under unfavorable conditions will seriously lower their quality. Direct sunlight and high temper- atures cause the greatest damage to pickling quality. Dark storage at 98 degrees F. and exposure to direct sunlight at room tempera- ture are equally destructive to the color, texture and flavor. In two months the color becomes dull and faded, texture flabby and flavor de- teriorated. Indirect light has less severe effects on quality over the same period, and pickles at room temperature out of direct sunlight retain their full quality for one month,t the end of the second month, lfhwever, color, flavor and texture quality are affected — the quality being barely acceptable. Pickles keep as well for a two month storage period at moderate room temperature in the dark, as at lower temperatures of say 40 or 60 degrees F. The lower tempera, tures are, of course, better for very long storttge holds. .Sunlight and high temperatures above 70 degrees F. are to be avoid- ed even during short shelestorage. TO protect quality, pickles display- ed isplayed on shelves .should have only short -time exposure to indirect light at moderate temperatures, Preservation of Maximum quality pays in profits both to manufactur- er and retailer, through increased demand for consistently high grade pickle products, Shopper: "I notice you have your window full of niusieal lustre - Monts and pistols, Is !t that an odd combination?" Pawnbroker: "No, it's, good Mist - nese. Somebody: 'buys a musical in-. struinefit, and a day Or two Inter some of his ti.eighibors memo in for pistolgl" - Canoeing can be lots of fun Ofthisfhere is no doubt, But good advice to everyone Is "NEVER CHANGE ABOUT Dept of National Health and Welfare Years Agorae Interesting Items Picked From The Huron Expositor of Twen- ty-five and Fifty Years Ago From The Huron Expositor September 14, 1928 Miss Jean Woods, Bayfield, left Sunday for Galt, having secured a position on the teaching staff. There was a small attendance at the nomination meeting held in Winthrop on Monday, and the meeting was a quiet one. Only two names were put in nomination for the office of Reeve, to fill the vac- ancy caused by the death of Mr. F. J. ,McQuaid, These were John Dodds and William Somerville. Mr. Somerville refused to stand and the election went to ,Mr. Dodds by acclamation. A happy event took place recent- ly when the members of St. James' Church choir gathered at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Grattan Flannigan and in a neatly worded address pre- sented the newly -married couple with a beautiful silver cake basket. The address was read by the organ- ist, Mrs. F. Dexereaux, and the presentation was 'made by Mr. W. Faulkner. Mr. Clarence Krauskopf, Dublin, had bis band caught in a pulley on Tuesday and some of his fingers had to be amputated. Mr. William Knox, Londesboro, had the misfortune to have his hand caught in the windmill at his farm on Monday. He was taken to Sea - forth Memorial Hospital, where it was found necessary to amputate parts of several fingers. The gasoline tax in Ontario next year will be five cents a gallon. While many silo owners haare substituted sweet clover to escape the ravages of tfie corn borer, there are still some good fields of corn, and one of the best may be seen on the farm of Mr. William Slavin, at Chiselhurst, which is free from the borer. Amonk those from here taking part in the annual conference of the Huron Presbyterial of the W. M. S. of the Presbyterian Church in Canada, held in Hensali, were Mrs, J. C. Greig, Miss H. I. Gra- ham, Mrs, K. M. McLean and Miss S. I. McLean. e CONCESSION. 14 Lot 8 Concession 14, known as the Boundary, joins No. .83,.. Highways .at the corner of-I.ot'22,`NorthThaia'es Road. It starts at the east end with Lot 8. Because the East 50 of Lot 8 was very, swampy, it was ieft with the 'Canada Company in- to the 80's, when• it was bought. by dames Gardiner, Usborne Town- ship, for pasture. Some one named it the "Woods" farm, wondering where the grass could grow on it to feed cattle. Dave Gardiner— James' son—sold to Percy Sperling who cleared it some. No one has ever lived on it. Occupants: East 50—,James Gard- iner, David Gardiner, Percy Spar - ling, Cephas Muxworthy, The West 50 of Lot 8 was also quite swampy in the early daya. John Ewen, father-in-law of John Scott, who moved to Grey Town- sthip in 1S73, was the first owner of it. While Wattie Gardiner owned it, Jiack Williams lived in the house. He and his wife, who was Louise McClockin, for several Years left the children here and went West in the summers, then came back and spent the winters in Hibbert. Later, all the family went West. The house was still standing in the early 90's, but no one was living in it. William Ward bought it at the Walter Gardiner Estate sale in 1896. Occupants: West 50—John Ewen, Wattie Gardiner, Mrs: Wattle Gardiner, William Ward, Thomas McCurdy, Howard McCurdy, Jim Gardiner. Lot 9 From The Huron Expositor September 11, 1903 H. B. Combe, Clinton, haslet the contract for a block of stores in that town to replace the ones burn- ed some time ago. James Atkinson, St. Columban, met with a painful Occident Iast Thursday. While attempting to stop a runaway team he was knocked down and run over. Dr. McGinnes, Seaforth, attended him. Mr. Bert VanEgmond, son of Mr. and Mrs. W. D. VanEgmond, of town, has been winning laurels and fame by his drawings at the 'loroni to Industrial Fair, having carried off four firsts and one second. Mr. William Flays, who has been assistant in Mr, Alex Wilson's drug store for some time, left this week for Toronto, where he will attend the College of Pharmacy. Misses Fenellaea and 'Maud Kidd left Tuesday afternoon for New York, where they go to resume their duties as kindergarten teach- ers. The lawn social on Friday eve- ning, under the auspices of. the Roxboro Missipn Band at the beau- tiful home of Mr. and 'Mrs, James Aitcheson; was a successful affair. Mr. John Boehler, the new pro- prietor of the Dominion Hotel in Dublin, is now comfortably settled in his new house. The .first of the home -and -home games between Fergus and the Sea - forth Beavers, in the semi -duals, for the intermediate championship of the C.L.A., was played on the recreation grounds here Wednesday' afternoon and resulted in a decisive victory for the Beavers, by a score of six goals to four. Mr. Harry Livens met with a painful accident on Saturday night. He was coming do'Wn stairs after delivering some grdceries at Mrs. Hays, who lives over W. R. Coun- ter's jewellery store, when he made a misstep and went to the groend The Clinton. New Era of last week says: "There came up on the 12:2.5 express 'Wednesday noon; running an hour late, four cars of English, thoroughbred stallions of the Clyde, Hackney and Shire spec- ies. They belonged to Messrs. Bata- den, of Exeter, and Berry, of lien - sail, and they were -the ehoiees :lot ere have ever seen. 1 the ai t e years that they have handled this kind of stock,. bet(veen. Dngglatel eltd Canada; .they have only- lost 0510 ' animaic and have never carried a: cent's Worth of insurance oil theins.'' head rat fin face eras 'battle' lint: the 50's:' James Parker followed the Murtay. He went out cradling. Jimmy Marshalls were to it by 1862, Mrs. Marshall was the go- sgetter in this tardily,' and .what eha Sala usually went in ' the hbiakt When a new baby arrived, Jitnney -wanted her named for his sistdre' Nellie, but 'Susie had another nam chosen. The day -of the christening arrived. The two were standing 'be fore the minister and. he aeked•'th; name of the ohild ` Withoutbai'tting an eye, Jimmy gave the name and it was "Nellie." Susie stood :peat - fled through the ceremony. Bet that' baby was 'baptized Nellie,' and Nei= lie her name remained, The widow of Archie Robertson, who has lived in Cromarty for many years, but who lived here itr the early 20'e, is now 92 years of age. She is one of the very 'lei - who has lived to be one of ✓Si?0 generations. A celebration; at which the five generations of her kin were present, was held near St. Marys at the home of a grand- daughter in the fall of 1950. The! five were: Mrs. Archie Robertson, Mrs. Robert Chittick, Mrs. •Chhrlea Mills, Roy Mills and Joyce Mills.' Occupants—Alex Brunner, Robert Gardiner, James C, Gardiner, Rob- ert Reiland, Archie Robertson (R), John Kay, Robert Duncan, Robert Maver, Lot 11 Wattie Gardiner took up Lot 9 in 1851. He first married Margaret Gibbs, and they had one daughter, Isabel. His second wife was Agnes Swan from St. Marys, Ont. They had a large family, all of whom, ex- cept two, went to 'Rein'beck, Iowa. Walter went West, and Fletcher, who graduated as a minister, re- mained in Ontario. He has now retired from the ministry and lives near Port Hope, Ont. William Ward bought this farm also at the estate sale. It was he who built the red brick house in the early 1900's, which is still in use. A Polish dis- placed family lived in it after Jim Occupants — Walter Gardiner, Mrs, Agnes Gardiner, William Ward, Thomas McCurdy, Howard McCurdy, Jim Gardiner. Lot 10 Lot 10 was another lot taken up by Alex Brunner. Robert Gardiner, who was born in Stirlingshire, Scot- land, came in 1850 to the Township of Beverly and the next year came to this lot in Hibbert. He was a brother of Walter Gardiner. He lived on Lot 10 from then till 1880 or later. In politics he was a Re- former and had held municipal of- fices longer at that time than any other man in the township. His wife was Janet Fairley. They bad five children, namely: Lizzie (Mrs. James. BalIantyne), lanet (Mrs. John Duncan), William,' James and Jennie (Mrs. John Kay). After their son, Jimmy, was on the farm a short time, he went to Farquhar and worked in the Gardiner Cheese Factory. He married Elizabeth Brown. They were the parents of James Gardiner, former Premier of Saskatchewan, but now Dominion of Canada Minister of Agriculture. It was on this farm he was born. After going to Farquhar, when quite a young lad, he fell from the second storey to the main floor of the Gardiner cheese factory, and another time he fell into a well, and all without any serious injur- ies. Early in life he learned to take hard knocks. Two brothers, Edwin and Earl, were killed in World War I. James Murray, who married Lizzie Gardiner, a sister of Robert, lived in an extra house back the sideroad on this farm in John Gardiner, another Gardiner brother, took up Lot 11 at the same' time the other farms were taken up. He was here till he went to Reinbeck, Iowa, in 1878. He first married Margaret Gilfillan and they had a large family. When up in years he came back from Iowa and: married the widow of William Ham- ilton, Concession 10. Tom Rundle, who had come here from Bowman- ville, left this farm shortly after his second wife died in 1890'. The farm was rented then for quite a number of years before Rundle' came back to it again. While Wat- tie Gardiner had it the barn, and also William Towers' new thresh- ing separator, were burned when threshing there in the fall of 1894. Occupants—John Gardiner, Wil- liam A. Allison, Tom Rundle, Wat- tie Gardiner (R), Mrs. Wattie Gard- ityer (R), Bob Davis (R), William Kerslake (R), Thomas Rundle, John McNicol, Orland Squire, Donald Kernick, - Lot 12 William Hackney, a bachelor .sora - of John Hackney, Sr., got Lot 12 around 1853 and owned it till he died in 1912. It was rented many years—the last years from his es; tate. "Sailor" John McInnis was - the first renter, then Robert Prin- gle, While Harry Webb, an immi- grant from England, had it the house was burned one Christmas - night when no one was at 'home.. Nothing was saved. William Hack- ney built a small brick house after the fire. Occupants — William Hackney, John McInnis (R), Robert Pringle (R), Harry Webb (R), James Riv- ers (R), Alfred Chappel (R), Wm. Hodgert (R), Wm. Stewart (R), George Bell (R), William Hackney Estate, Toni Austin (R), Tom Cam- eron, John McNicol. Lot 13 John Hackney. a native of For- farshire, Scotland, took up Lot 13 in the early 50's and died suddenly here in 1895. He married Margaret Bruce whom he first niet when she was helping her brother, Andrew, do some ,clearing on his farm back of the Hackney farm. John was considered a good "match," as he ]tad his farm paid and $1,000 in cash. Andrew told Margaret not to turn him down if he asked her to be - his wife, even if he was some years older than she. Their next' meet- ings took place when she passed his home while walking from her - (Continued on Page 7) a hidden talent Discover money's talent for opening opportunity 32,0 The Canadian Bank of Commerce • 4 4 " • • v Y . s s 4 a d