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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Huron Expositor, 1951-10-05, Page 2AGE J s n 1 011 Established 1860 A. Y. McLean, Editor Published at Seaforth, Ontario, ev- ery Thursday afternoon by McLean Bros. Member of Canadian Weekly Newspapers Association. Subscription rates, $2.50 a year in advance; foreign $3.00 a year. Single copies, 5 cents each. Advertising rates on application. PHONE 41 Authorized as Second Class Mail Post Office Department. Ottawa SEAFORTH, Friday, October 5, 1951 On Being Neighborly When hardship, in the form of fine or illness, strikes a farm, neighbors generally can be counted on to band together to help out in the emerg- ency. Despite this, it is suggested that folks in the country aren't as good neighbors as they used to be— that they tend to live unto them- selves to a greater extent than at one time was the case. That the true concept of neighbor- liness has not died in the rural areas was indicated this week when twelve farmers of Fullarton Township, each with his tractor, gathered at the farm of a new Canadian family and in an afternoon completed the fall plowing. Mr. -and Mrs. Richard Munz, who came to Canada from Switzer- land, a few weeks previously had pur- chased their farm. They were not able to obtain necessary machinery for the fall work, and that is when the neighbors stepped in. Discussing the matter of neighbor- liness, the Wingham Advance -Times says: "Real neighbors are those people who know how to help the other fellow out without being ask- ed. They co-operate, not because of any particular sense of duty, but rather from an instinctive and basic kindness which is one of the fairest of all human sentiments. Such a spirit no doubt developed because the pioneers soon learned that they could not live independently ,of one an- other. Facing the hardships and un- expected crises of life in a raw land, they were brought face-to-face with the unlimited value of good neigh- bors. "It is true, of course, that we of the modern age, do not depend nearly so heavily upon our neighbors. For that reason our manners have become, sloppy and often our hospitality is niggardly. However, it is indeed re- freshing and encouraging to read of these `bees,' when dozens from one locality will offer their assistance to a friend who has had a run of tough luck. Unhappy though the victim of misfortune may be himself about the situation which calls for this kind of help, it is perhaps just as well that such occasions do arise frequently enough to remind us that good neigh- bors are never out of style." • Back to the Old Farm R. J. Deachman is a son of Huron County, who has never forgotten his birthplace. A well-known economist and frequent contributor to the press Po of Canada, he lives in Ottawa, but his thoughts frequently turn to the rural areas he knew as a youth. A recent visit to Huron has prompted some interesting com- ments. Mr. Deachman says: "Once, at least in every year in midsummer or early fall, every man ought to go back to the place of his birth, to see it as it is—and not mere- ly as a childhood memory. To, those who remain upon the farm, the pic- ture never fades. They see it as it was in childhood, in youth and early manhood. As it was yesterday, so it is today, but to the man who goes back -only three or four times in fifty years it is always new, yet somehow utterly old, and haunted by the ghosts of the past. There have been many changes in the `'farms of Huron County. The stew era" is not quite so smooth as once was. The machine age has Oight .many new things, but there argity of .farm labor. The bin - 466d jobs but it can't be 'truing trees, a tractor Weeds along the coun- • I°tgt01''EXPO UDR • ty roads. The weeds spread into the field. In the olden day the sheep pastured on the roadside, but live- stock on country roads, with autos dashing along at sixty miles an hour, are hardly consistent with modern condition, so the weeds 1 roW The hired men cost too Much; the farms. are not quite so trim in appearance; hedges, once neatly trimmed, are no longer hedgers --they have become windbreaks. The wild carrot is now one of the most common weeds. Perhaps, once upon a time it was an ordinary gar- den vegetable, but neglected in the garden it took to the fields and be- came a nuisance, or it may be that our garden carrot is only a wild car- rot trained to a life of service. Any- way you like to view it, this weed is a big nuisance on our Ontario farms. The farms now lack the polish they had in the old days—when will it re- turn? Another problem faces agriculture. It is difficult under present circum- stances to take care of depreciation on these farms. The farmer may be prosperous — that is he has more money in his pocket than he former- ly had. He has a car ; he may even take summer holidays, though not at the sante time as our city denizens take them. It is on few farms that the ordinary repairs are maintained. All this must tend to lower farm va- lues when the time comes to sell out and retire into the towns, as so many farmers do. Here and there some forest land, preferably with a stream through it, has been bought by groups of farm- ers and turned into a park as picnic areas. The farmer has been slow to learn that he too needs a rest. This - is the better way of doing it. If the farm can be worked with shorter hours and a bit more leisure, it would be a happy event. The trend towards the city is still in evidence, but a change may come. The city man may seek refuge and peace in the coun- try ; both might gain from a mutual exchange. These remarks are just the stray thoughts of one who seldom sees the country, wishes he could see more of it, and carries the picture in the back- ground of his memory. It rushes to the surface everytime he sees a cow, a sheep, or a pig. It is early yet to measure the full force of the changes of recent years. One of the saddest sights of my recent visit in Western Ontario was the practical disappear- ance of the streams of my younger days. The swamps have been drain- ed ; the trees have been removed from areas wh;ch should have been retained as permanent forests, and gradually the water table is being Iowered. What does the future hold in the light of these events? We ought to ponder thoughtfully the answer to that question. CROSSROA,;j '(y !meg &oft) "IF a KILLS ME" You Can make a good case for saying that human life is cheaper these days. It's true enough that people live longer than they used to, that not so many babies die in childbirth, that, generally, our chances of living are good. But on the other hand, our chances of dy- ing because of our own careless- ness—or, worse, our own choice— are a lot higher. When the areat Plague hit London, a third of the population was not wiped oat be- cause it had been careless, but be- cause they did not know any bet- ter—they didn't know how to con- trol the disease. What Other Papers Say: and it killed her. She died for sel- fish beauty. When you look at it one way, that is just about as foolish a thing for a woman to do as any- body can imagine. She mast have been crazy, you say. Well, maybe she was, but, you know, I don't think she was any crazier or any more pride -ridden or any more sel- fish than a certain type of man you read about every now and then in the paper. The kind of man I'm talking about is the fellow w'ho kills him- self, not for the sake of beauty, but for the sake of work. When he was a young fellow he was pret- ty strong and proud of how much he could accompli& in a day. then he got older, and just like that aging rich old beauty, he couldn't stand the idea that he isn't as good as he was when he was younger. Everybody knows what happens to him. Some hot summer i:ay be sees that OAP Iawn needs,. cutting His wife tells him to wait till it's cooler, but he says he's show her it's nothing at all. So he go=s out into the sun trying to prove to him- self that he's as spry as when he was twenty, and after a little while his heart giver out and, just like the woman, he's dead too. Some- times it happens shovelling snow or doing some other kind of heavy work, but in every case it happens because of his own foolish pride. As far as I can see, it's just as wrong to die for the sake of work as it is to die for the sake of beau- ty if you do it to satisfy your own. vanity. Why people are like this, I wouldn't know, but I certainly hope I never get to the point where I'll think my life is so cheap that I'll risk it on some foolish caper like this. However, it doesn't look as if I have too muoh to worry about. The way my stomach is spreading and the way the grass is growing on the front lawn seem to show pret- ty well that Scott isn't ready to die for work or beauty yeL But us? Why thousands and thousands of people die in this country every year because a driver drank too many beers, or a gabby fellow turned to talk to somebody in the back seat. or a young Tad thought he would like to put his arm around his girl. All these people knew better than that, but it some- how didn't seem to strike them than saving a life was worth it. No, sir, I think Iife is getting cheaper. Now just the other day I read in the paper about a woman who Mil - ed herself by dieting. What do you think of that? She knew what she was doing all right, but she decided that if she was going to get fat and lose her youthful beau- ty that life wasn't worth living, so she went right on trying to live on birdseed and orange juice, or some such ridiculous fare and, sure en- ough, one day she was dead. To moat of us, this woman had everything to live for. She was one of the richest women in North America. All her life she had bad an easy time of it and she not only had money, she had looks --she was a real beauty. But the years crept along and one day she realized she wasn't so young any more. One thing her money couldn't buy was the secret of perpetual youth, so she tried the next best thing. She tried to diet, The Use Of Sidewalks (Kincardine News) There is a growing tendency on the part of Kincardine merchants to use sidewalks as display stands. Where this began or on what logic they base their decision to so use the walks, we do not know. The sidewalks were laid primarily for the use of the pedestrian public, to make it easier to go along the streets, free from the danger of road traffic, more able to go from shop to shop to make necessary purchases. Dumping quantities of merchan- dise on stands on the sidewalks de- feats the very purpose for which the walks were constructed. Certainly it impedes the progress of pedestrians using the streets, especially at peak periods when the streets are crowd- ed. We do not propose stringent laws to halt this, believing that a reason- able appeal to the reason of those who are using the sidewalks in this fashion should be sufficient to put an end to the expanding practise. If every business place on the main street were to put its wares on the sidewalk, there would be little room for anyone. The sidewalk, after all, is the pro- perty of the municipality, not of the merchant whose store it fronts. The municipality is made up of citizens who, in the main would prefer the .practise halted of using their side- walks for merchandise displays. 1 UUEIR1g'S HEIILTS Plowing Corn Stalks The question of how best to plow corn stalks is a matter which has received considerable discussion in the past few years. particu:a,•ly .>ince the corn picker has come in. the elevator and sufficient padding to such prominence. However, ae to protect the potatoes. cording to J. C. Steckiey, Director of the Western Ontario Experimen- tal Farm at Ridgetown, the prob- lem is rather simple in that it is only a matter of clearance. In the first place. he feels that no extra or special equipment is necessary. However, adjustments may be nec- essary on the plow. .Firstly, the low• :should have a high beam so that there is no chance of the corn =talks catching or plugging the plow. In the second place, shim- mers are not essential and ;c::tead disc coulter can be used. In most cases, it gives better •-e-;ults. Mr. Steckley stresses the im- portance of plowing in the same direction as the corn picker was operated. Another suggestion he puts forth is that, if the plowing is done in the Fall, it may be a good idea to go over the field with a roller, once again rolling in the same direction as the corn picker. If these simple rules ars followed, he feels that the width and depth in the cobs, (6 per cent) is leached of plowing are not important. Iinto •the soil where it stimulates In conclusion Mr. Steckley re- , microorganism activity, which in commends that anyone plowing turn granulates the soil. corn stalks under for the first time' For general greenhouse and gar - should apply some form of a nitro- , den use, says Dr. A. P. Chan of gen fertilizer. This fertilizer, when i the Horticulture Division, Central plowed in with the corn stalks.' Experimental Farm, Ottawa, the will assist in their disintegration' corn cobs should be broken up in - and also increase the soil fertility, to particles. It is not advisable to thereby increasing the yield the mulch to a depth exceeding three following year. To verify this statement he says that at the Ex- perimental Farm oats seeded on land where corn stalks had been plowed in with nitrogen fertilizer the previous Fall have given re- markable results. The increase in yields resulting from this practice has run as high as 20 to 25 bushels per acre. the chain and belting on deflectors is advisable. For minimum injury a potato digger should be operated at a low speed, with a soil cushion on Be sure to get sufficient sleep If good looks and health you'd keep. Ventilate your room at night So you'll wake refreshed and bright. Dept el National Health and Welfare Years Agone Interesting Items Picked From The Huron Expositor of Twen- ty-five and Fifty Years Ago. OCTOBER 5, 1951 Seen in the County `Papers Book Store Robbed McEwan's Book Store was the scene of a daring theft on Satur- day afternoon when, midst Satur- day shoppers, someone chose to enter the store office and carried off a cash box containing $30.00. Chief of Police Joseph Ferrand is investigating. — Clinton Citizen's News. Cromarty Women Bereaved Mrs. Matt Thompson received word of the death of her sister,r Mrs. Ed. Asmus, of Calgary, Tues- day morning of this week. Mrs. Asmus was formerly Edna Miller, daughter of the late Mr. and Mrs. George Miller, of Cromarty. She was born in Cromarty and lived there until 1909, when sue, with her parents, went to the West. -- Mitchell Advocate. Contract To Wreck School Another old landmark that has served its day' and generation is soon to .be demolished. tl is the old Exeter school that housed for many a year both the public and high school. It has been sold by tender to H. Jensen Company for $3,300. There were ,five tenders, two. from Exeter and three from outside. The building is to be razed by June, 1952. The grounds will be used as a playground for the public school.—Exeter Times - Advocate. • Balloon Lands Near Exeter From The Huron Expositor October 8, 1921 Mr. R. J. Cooper, of the London Road, had a successful barn rais ing Monday last,bn his farm on the 2nd concession of Tuckersmith, and it is now i15 good shape to have the foundation erected. Stewart Cudmore, a pupil at S. S. No. 2, Tuckersmith, while play- ing on one of the teeters, had the misfortune to fall off and break his . arm in two places. Dr. A. R. Campbell, of Hensall, secured a couple of good prizes, both in the single carriage entries and in the span of entries in the same class at Zurich Fair. Mr. Thos. Worden has had a handsome veranda erected in front of his residence on Goderich St. West. The cement work was done by Mr. R. Frost, and the carpentry work by Robert Porterfield, and the work is a credit to them, as well as a great improvement to the appearance of the property. Mrs. Henry McGavin had the mis- fortune to fall down the stairs at her home in Tuckersmith. No bones were, broken, but she was badly shaken up and has since been confined to bed. Mr. John G. Grieve, of town, has purchased the residence on North Main St. at present occupied by Mr. G. D. Ferguson. A rink of Seaforth bowlers, com- posed of R. J. Winter, Harry Stew- art, R. E. Bright and Dr. F. J. Eechely, attended the big Snow- bird tournament at Woodstock on Wednesday and succeeded in get- ting in the money. About four o'clock Saturday morning the large barn on the farm of Mr. George Bell, 7th con- cession, Tuckersmith, was discQv- er-ed to be on fire. Nothing could be done to save the building or contents. The origin of the fire is unknown, but it is supposed to have been caused by lightning. The loss will be a heavy one to Mr. Bell, as he had only a small insurance. Mr. John Dodds, for many years a prominent and well-known resi- dent of this town, died at his home in London on Friday. He owned and conducted the pop works first on Main St. and later in Harpur- hey, where he built a beautiful r ome. ed in Clinton Community Park. The contractor is to commence con- struction immediately and it is an- ticipated that the pool will be com- pleted later this fall. Donations to this date have 'been received from Clinton Lions Club, $300; Women's, Institute, $50; Rebekahs, $25.00: These ottganizations ha alse- promised more help. ;The Cana- dian Legion Branch No. 140 have also expressed their intentions to be of assistance. A spokesman for the Clinton Park Board stated that they would welcome •greatly any assistance, financially or otherwise,. which will expedite the comble- tion of this worthy .project. Clin- ton has been in need of the proper playground facilities for many years. The Park Board are to be congratulated on their endeavor to improve this situation. — Cliuton Citizen's News. Mulching With Corn Cobs Mulching is to cover the soil with some protective material. A good mulch will conserve surface; protect plants from winter injury; preventing the soil surface from forming a hard, impervious top; and keep down weeds. Corn cobs have been found to meet -all these requirements. Although originally intended for greenhouse use only, outdoor gardeners have found this material useful for their work al- so. As a mulching material, corn cobs actually compare more than just favorably with standard ma- terials. Corn cobs have been used to improve the structure of green- house soils. This is particularly so in the case of soils packed down by frequent overhead watering. Just how this is done is°not yet known but it is thought the sugar . Potato Digger Operation Much of the damage to potatoes at harvest time is caused by the digger. An improperly adjusted• digger may bruise nearly one-third of the potatoes. Adjusting the rate of travel, depth of digger share, speed and agitation of the elevator chain and by increasing padding on the deflectors and rods of the machine will reduce dam- age to a minimum. The rate of travel of the digger, says Allan Magee, Agricultural En- gineer, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, should not exceed 11/2 miles an hour. This reduces the bouncing of potatoes against the elevator chain or any stones that may have 'been picked up. Obviously the depth of the blade should be below the potatoes but it should also be deep enough to provide a soil cushion two-thirds of the distance of the elevator to protect the potatoes from the ele- vator chain. The speed of the elevator chain should not exceed 150 feet per min- ute. Usually a tractor at half throttle in low gear will give this condition. The agitator sprockets should not be used unless .soil separation is very difficult and they must be removed as soon as conditions permit, Injury may be reduced further by padding all parts of the ma- chine that come in contact with the potatoes. Rubber tubing on Parents Go To Kindergarten Nearly 40 mothers of kindergar- ten pupils were entertained at, the• public school Tuesday afternoon by the executive of the Home and School Association. The kinderger ten pupils were present and en- tertained their mothers with songs• and •fingerplays after which they and visiting children were enter- tained in the auditorium by Grade• 8 girls. Mrs. R. D. Jermyn, kin- dergarten teacher, introduced Mrs.. W. Knight, past president of thee London Council of Home and' School Associations, who was the+ guest speaker. Mrs. Knight organ- ized the Exeter Association. Mrs.. Self and Mrs. Worrell of the Argyle Association, London, were also present and spoke of the work bee ing done by their group which has. organized a "Well Baby Clauie. Mrs. Worrell has been a member• of the Home and School Associa, tion for 26 years and spoke on, the benefits her children had de- rived from the Association during their school life. Afternoon tea was served to the guests by Mrs. T. D. Jamieson, Mrs. D. Hughson and Miss K. McGill of the public school teaching staff. — Exeter Times -Advocate. A balloon with an aeronautical instrument came down Monday on the farm of Mr. James Cottle, Thames Road. Part of the instru- ment came down on the house and part of the balloon landed In a tree close by. The balloon, a large rubber affair, was badly torn and the instrument, which was sus- pended from the balloon by a cord was damaged. The balloon was sent up from the Base Weather Station at Selfridge, Mich., to ob- tain pressure temperature, relative humidity and the winds aloft to a distance of 50,000 feet. The in- structions on the instrument ware for the finder to destroy it.-Exe- times-Advocate. inches as this tends to encourage disease. After the material has been used as a mulch, it may be dug into the soil as it is an excel- lent source of organic matter. When used to protect plants from winter injury, cobs may be mounded over the plants or a wire mesh cylinder may be set over the plants and filled with crushed corn cobs. Steer Weighs 2,450; Brings $66t50 A whopping roan steer, age be- tween seven and 17 years, weighed in at 2,450 pounds at an Edmonton packing plant last week and 'brought his seller $661.50. He sold fur 27 cents a pound. Dressing out at 59 per cent, the big steer yielded 1,448 pounds of beef. Marketing Service, Canada De- partment of Agriculture, reporting the sale, said the steer was raised by a hermit living west of Pigeon Lake, Alta., toward the foothills. The big roan had been used as an ox and lack of yoke callouses ineicated that be had been worked single with a Dutch collar. , • Split $800 Jackpot A good crowd was present at the Blyth Community,Centre Arena on Tuesday night to participate in the Lions Club monster cash bingo. The event was sponsored by the Blyth Lions Club and it was their first attempt at the game which has become the rage in Western Ontario. The wives of the Lious op- erated the refreshment booth, and catered to the large crowd by pass- ing hot dogs, pop and coffee among t"he crowd between games. They did a thriving business as the weather was on the chilly side. Caller for the evening was G. R. Augustine, and a loud speaker system helped amplify his voice. Fifteen regular games were played with the prize for each being $15. One game was played for $100, and two games were played for $50.00 each. Mrs. Jasper Cook, Blyth, and Stan Freeman,. Goderich, split $800 jackpot.—'Blyth Standard. Wading Pool Contract Let The •CIinton Park Board have let the contract to Mitchell McAdam, Clinton, for the construction of a wading pool which is to be leeat- From The Huron Expositor October 4, 1901 Ottawa entertained the Duke and Ditches of Cornwall on the ocea- sion of their visit to Canada. They visited across Canada and return- ed to Ontario where they will visit many cities. A joint meeting of the congre- gations of St. Andrew's Church, Kippen, and Hillsgreen, was held Monday for the purpose of moder- ating a call to a minister, when Rev. Mr: McLennan received the majority of votes, and the call was then made unanimous. He comes from Guelph. During the thunderstorm Tues- day night the barn on the farm of David Schnell, Goshen Line, was struck by lightning and complete- ly destroyed by fire, together with the drive shed adjoining. Mr. F. E. Kern, manager of the Holsons Bank, Hensall, carried off two first prizes at the county show at Seaforth on Wednesday for •gen- tleman's outfit. Ventilation For Dairy Barns Ventilation flues in dairy barns require insulation for satisfactory operation, says Wm. Kalbfleisch, of the Central Experimental,, Farm, Ottawa. Out -take flues, like chimneys, must be warm or the air will not rise in them and moisture veil: not be removed from the barn. Size of a ventilation flue is de- termined on the basis of 32 square inches cross-section for each 1,000 pounds of livestock in the building Accordingly 21,000 pounds of live- stock, or about 21 cows, require a vent measuring 32x31, or 672 square inches. (C'ontitiiled on Page 7) Marks 95th Birthday Mrs. Frank Metcalf, Blyth, old- est and a very highly esteemed lady, celebrated her 95th birthday on Saturday. Mrs. Metcalf has bees. a resident of Blyth since 1880. De- spite her advanced age, Mrs. Met- calf is still quite active. Although her hearing and eyesight are some- what impaired, she still is able to muster that "wee chuckle," char- acteristic of her personality to her many friends. She was born in Downie Township, a daughter of the late James and Anne Chowen. She was married in April, 1880. in Mitchell to Francis Metcalf, who died in 1933. Growing flowers has always been a hobby for this grand old lady. Even yet she like to "work awhile" in her garden. Dur, ing World War I Mrs. Metcalf was a censor of knitting in Blyth. Sl}e is a faithful member 'of Trinity Anglican Church here. Many mes- sages of congratulations and rifts were received by her on this occa- sion. On Saturday two nieces, Mr:: Frank Fingland, of Clinton, and Mrs. A. Little, of Teeswater, as- sisted her daughter, Miss Ella May Metcalf, of London, pouring tea and receiving the guests who call- ed.—Blyth Standard. Cartridges That Made History (By Cecil Claark,in The C -I -L l '� d• Wherever the-re—is action, ad venture and thrills you'll find fire- arms. Whether it's the dramatic story of man's stubborn stand against savage animals or tribes- men, dictators or would-be dicta- tors, the crack of a rifle or pistol backgrounds the changing course of history. Mr. Wm. Rae, B.A., of Leadbury, has accepted a position as princi- pal in a school at Edmonton, at a salary of $1,000. Mr. Fred Gales, of town, has dis- posed of his butchering business and plants Robert Winter, Sea - forth, and Mr. Calvin, of Stratford. The Seaforth Volunteer Company under command of Captain A. Wil- son, has ibeen ordered to report in the celebration to the Duke and Duchess. Rev. Mr. Cranston was formally inducted into the pastoral charge of the Presbyterian Church in Cromarty on Wednesday of Last week. Mr. Wm. Berry, Brucefleld, re- turued home on Saturday after a trip through- the Southern States, bring with him a fine new horse, which he purchased in Ohio. John McIntosh, John Rattenbury, Charles Sewers, Walter Baird and Alexander Baird, Brucefleld, leave next week for Toronto, where they will be in the volunteer corps to welcome the Duke. and Duchess. Mr. James Scott, of the firm of Scott Bros., Seaforth, left on .Sat- urday on a business trip to Mani- toba atni the Northwest. That's why Constable J. G. ("Joe") Gibault of the Sidney, B. C. detachment of the Royal Cana- dian Mounted Police started .mak- ing what is now the largest col- lection of cartridges in Canada. Joe Gibault, red-haired and stockily built, has been a police- man for 15 years, serving all but a few months with the British Columbia Provincial Police which was absorbed into the R.C.M.P.last August. But Joe's interest with firearms goes further back, for he's been scattering lead at tar- gets and game since boyhood. To- day he's one of Canada's leading marksmen. Eighteen years ago Joe found some obsolete cartridges in- his gear and decided to find out more about them, then listed the infor- mation. That Iist has grown today into a foot -thick loose leaf index that describes his collection of ov- er 5,200 different pistol and rifle cartridges. In drawer after drawer in his home at Sidney, Vancouver Island, lie rows of glistening brass cases. Joe Gibault can tell you at a glance a little of the history of every one of them. His books on cartridges alone would fill a .five-foot shelf and his index system is a marvel of method.. ,Listed in it, four to a page, is practically every known cartridge, including ballistics and measurements down to the small- est detail. Looking over the collection I learned that only within the last 100 years has the brass cartridge, as we know it today, been evolved. Up until the 1850's the powder charge was poured down the rifle barrel. and a ball or bullet ram- med down on top of the load with a rod. With a percussion cap on the nipple, you were 'ready for man or beast. Next advance was the breech loader, which used a paper wrap- ped cartridge. But the problem was how to Ignite the cartridge once it -was lodged in the breech, The best firearms brains of Europe and America strove until they mastered the problem of how to, include the percussion cap in the base of the cartridge. After they had succeeded it was an easy step, to the brass cartridge. Showing me a whopping great cartridge with a bullet that weighs a quarter of a pound, Joe explain- ed it was used in a double barrel- led gun carried, by Sir Samuel' Baker when he explored the Nile from mouth to source, back n 1864. The "Baker Ball" as it is, called made a 4,000 -mile trip• through desert and jungle, with lurking death from animals, fever or belligerent natives threatening the explorer every mile of the way. Another big rifle cartridge that attracted my attention was the - .45/70/500 U.S. Government. If you, had been with General Custer at Little Big Horn on the morning of June 25, 1876, you w.ouid have been, the men of the 7th U.S. Cavalry counting over these shells. And.' they needed every round, for on all sides of their beleaguered hill- top they were faced with Sitting Bull's maddened, whooping Sioux. None of the troop was alive at the end of that day. Among the early paper -wrapped cartridges in the collection is one. made for the German Dreyse' needle gun. Little did German gunsmith Nicholas von Dreyf-e• think, as he worked at his bench in Sommerda, that his experiment to produce the needle gun would, forty years later, give the Prus- sians superior rapidity of fire' which culminated in the defeat of France at Sedan in September, 1870. Here's a cartridge invented by a• Philadelphia dentist called ,May- nard. The powder was ignited by a roll of paper tape dotted at in- tervals with priming compour,d, tike 'children use today in their ca.p pistols. A toy? You wouldn't' have thought so if you had been at Gettysburg in July, 1863. These Maynard cartridges helped' kill nr wound some of the 53,000 who fell in that decisive three-day Civ -1 War battle. The Gibault collection is not con- fined to military cartridges and there are thousands, of sporting' cartridges in the neat wooden. • (Continued on Page 3) ;t. • Y 1-