HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Huron Expositor, 1949-04-29, Page 2Y., McLean, Editor.
ibhshed at Seaforth, Ontario, ev-.
i rsday afternoon by McLean
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$EAFORTfi, Friday, April 29, 1949
Study Butter Costs
—During the discussions on the mer-
its of butter vs. margarine much was
said regardingthe cost of producing
butter. It „was claimed that the sale
of margarine would result in. a loss
to the dairy farmer through lowered
return:..TThese statements were, of
course, denied by those desiring the
introduction of margarine.
Now the Ontario Agricultural Col-
lege at Guelph announces that it in-
tends to take the guess out of butter
production costs. Action is to be
taken this summer to determine as
nearly as possible the actual cost of
turning out butter.
Under the O.A.C. proposal, a num-
ber of senior students with a flair for
figures will be assigned the job. Each
will take a certain county. During
the college holiday season each will
call regularly on 100 or 150 dairy
farmers. Their duties will be to ob-
tain costs of 'butter production in-
cluding feed, labor, depreciation of
equipment 'and everything else that
goes into the farmer's overhead.
In the autumn when the survey has
been completed, the information
gathered will be tabulated and com-
pared against revenue received from
milk and cream sold, and the exact
profit, in any, determined.
Farming is a business the same as •
storekeeping or manufacturing, and
it is just as vital to have accurate and
complete information concerning
production costs as it is for any other
business. The O.A.C. survey should
result in valuable information con-
cerning one of our most essential in-
dustries and accurate figures on the
cost of producing one of our most
essential foods.
•
It Was Ever Thus
Anyone who is at all conversant
with world affairs as they have ex-
isted during this century is well
aware of the difficulty faced by oth-
Rr countries in carrying on a con-
sistant policy with Russia. The sus-
picion, the double talk, the excuses
adopted by the Soviet in its relations
with other countries and the world
are well known.
But what possibly is not so well
known is that this Russian attitude
is not something that has evolved
during the twentieth century. Rather
it has been inherent in the Russian
way of life for centuries, according
to Edmund Daly, Seaforth, who sub-
mitted extracts to prove the point.
In his "Voyages in Muscovy, Tar-
tary and Persia," published in 1634,
Adam Olearius says: "The Rus-
sians of Moscow are highly suspic-
ious of foreigners, who are watched
constantly by the secret police. Ev-
ery move is noticed and sent into
-central headquarters. A guard is
placed on all foreigners. Further-
more, Russians do not receive for-
eigners in their houses, and they
seem to be afraid even to talk to
them very much. A message sent to
a member of the government usual-
ly remains unanswered, and a fur-
ther message is also unanswered. If
one is unfortunate, one is told that
this official has left the city or is sick.
Voreigners are permitted to travel
n Russia only after great difficulty,
and during their travels they are
very closely watched. Because of
this general coldness and suspicion,
foreigners visiting in Moscow are
:forced. to associate with each other
ehT rely."
ttufitn, Baron' de Mayerbury, a
lith dipioriiat, „discovered the
Ssiati. attitude in 1661, when
teri 'll`ii is raticall.
l3 y the Ras-
sians are very difficult _ to get along
with. If one sui ,mtits a plan, they .
counter it with another plan. Their
diplomats are not trained. in -the,.
large world, but are mostly people
who have never left Russia. Indeed,
a Russian who has lived in France is
considered a Frenchman; one who
has lived in Germany is considered
a German, and these are not trusted
at home.
"The , Russians cannot go diplo-
matically in a straight line. They
never get to the point, they argue in
circles. Wards are picked up and
varnished, and tossed until in the end
a general confusion is the result of
any conference."
•
First Socialist
Columbus was the first Socialist,
according to apolitical joke enjoying
a wide circulation in Britain.
Here is why:
He embarked on his journey with-
out knowing where he was going.
When he got there he didn't know
where he was and when he returned
he didn't know where he'd been.
And he performed the whole oper-
ation on borrowed money.
•
WHAT OTHER PAPERS SAY:
REORGANIZATION NEEDED
(Hanover Post)
While we can see the necessity for
a district convalescent hospital, it
would seem too bad to move these
patients from their own communi-
ties, where their only pleasure is to
have their relatives and friends visit
them regularly. Hospitalization has
grown to be one of the biggest busi-
nesses in Ontario today, and will in
some way have to be placed on a pay-
ing basis. Hospital reports appear-
ing now in weekly papers all over
the country almost invariably show
a deficit, and yet people who are ill
pay staggering bills for illness, par-
ticularly if operations and special
nursing service is involved. The
whole set-up seems to need thorough
reorganization.
•
THE SUPREME GAMBLE
(.Port Elgin Times)
The farmers are getting back on
the land and plowing and seeding
will soon be in full swing. If frost,
hail, drought, deluge, grasshoppers,
groundhogs and many other things
do not hit the crops the farmer may
have a good season. He may end up
with a good crop at low prices, or a
poor crop with high prices. There is
nothing riskier than farming — not
even playing the ponies or the stock
market.
•
ARENA CONSCIOUS
(The Paris Star)
We are amazed constantly at the
ability and ingenuity of homo sapiens
when he wants something badly and
sets about getting it. No amount of
work and sacrifice is too great to
achieve the desired objective. In
Ayr, a few miles from Paris, the citi-
zens of that village have raised be-
tween 30 and 40 thousand dollars to
erect a community centre and are
calling for contracts. In another
direction, but still within 10 miles
from Paris, the townspeople of Bur-
ford have undertaken a $60,000 com-
munity centre project.
•
GOOD STREETS NECESSARY
(Ingersoll' Tribune)
Ingersoll's roads are fast giving a
reputation it will take a long time to
Iive down. The roads should be fix-
ed—and as soon as possible. There
should be no suggestion that we
haven't the money for it. We are
losing money every day we don't fix
them. And when .they are fixed, it
is going to cost thousands of dollars
and many months to repair the dam-
age to our fair naxxie already done,
PHIL OSIFER of
LMEADOWSLAZY MEADOWS
It seems strange to say that you
are so tired you can't sleep, but
that is actually the way I felt last
night. After following Bill and
Brownie all day at the seeding
operations, and spurring' myself
past any usual complacent rate of
speed, I was definitely tired.
You sit down in the rocking
chair after supper,, and after .a hair
pipe •of tobacco, try and drag your
weary bones up the front stair-
way. Somewhere along the route
you dump your boots and your eye-
lids droop almost shut as you take
your clothes off. There's an ache
in every twist of your hands. Then
you snuggle down into the comfort
of cool sheets, and can just imag-
ine yourself being wafted off into
a deep and comforting sleep.
Then your left leg starts to ache.
You lay it out flat, and try to relax
it compI. tely. By that time a sym-
pathetic ache has started int your
right shoulder. You get out of the
mood of sleep, and while every
bone in your body cries for its
comfort, your mind decides to keep
you awake. You imagine that you
have been lying there for hours
and every sound in the house
is like a cannon exploding . . .
and the sounds of the insects out-
side come pouring in through the
window like a full symphony orch-
estra . . . and a dog barks mourn-
fully in the distance . . . and yon
hear the horses stamping in the
stable . . . and you imagine what
it's going to be like working the
next day without sleep. But some
time you lose consciousness of it
all, and by the time you wake up
next morning you have forgotten
all about it.
No matter how easy-going my
nature may be, I could never rieet>
in the daytime. I believe that all
goes •back to the days when I was
a very young codger. My mother
was a firm believer that every
young fellow of my age should
have some sleep in the afternoon.
At two o'clock I was rounded up
and escorted into the bedroom --
that is the spare room, on the left
side of the house on the bottom
storey.
The room had a massive wooden
By Harry J. Boyle
eral souvenirs of another's honey-
moon on it, including a scenic shot
of Niagara Falls and a 'pair of
bristly brushes with ladies' pic-
tures on the backs of them, and a
washstand with an ornate white
pitcher and washbowl on it and a
fancy white soap dish.
In vain would protest about not
being sleepy, but Mother always
said that the rest would do me
good. She would• make me take
off my shoes and climb up in the
centre of the bed^, while she ad-
justed the window` .and drew the
blind. Then she ,•closed the door
and went out to the kitchen. First
of all, a little breeze would\ some
in through the window and ruffle
he muslin that kept the flies out,
and moan as it whistled through it.
The window blind would start
scraping on the sill, and the sun-
light would start pouring in
through the place where the blind
was torn. No matter how L turn-
ed or twisted, that sunlight would
strike at my eyes. And the squir-
rels that kept up a busy highway of
commerce in the side of the old
building would dash around like
mad. How I used to hate those
afternoons, and it was with •ex-
treme delight that I welcomed the
time when my father said: "That
boy is old enough not to have to
sieep in the daytime."
During the time when I was too
young to venture out from home
myself •on a Sunday afternoon, or
stroll over to see the children at
the neighbors, I hated Sunday af-
ternoon. As soon as. the Sunday
dinner was over, Mother would set
about putting my young brother to
' sleep, while Father rolled. 5race-
fully on to -the sofa in the front
room and went to sleep. Mother
would hustle through the dishes
,and with a vague remonstrance to
!me that i should stay around home
as she would go off to bed for a
rest.
Andthat hated silence of a de-
serted home would settle over the
place, and I would wander around
with no one to talk to, d wonder
if there was any chance f anybody
coming to visit us • and now
long it would be befo e I could
stroll away for a visit. No, I still
bed, a great old dresser with ;ev- hate sleeping in the daytime!
• Just A Smile Or Two
•
•
•
Girl: "Father is so pleased to
hear that you are a poer,."
Boy: "Is he? That makes me
divinely happy."
Girl: "You zee, ho tried to
throw out my last boy friend, and'
.he was a wrest'er,"
•
Their cars having collided, Jock
and Pat were surveying the situa-
tion. Jock offered Pat a drink from
his bottle. Pat drank and Jock re-
turned the bottle to his pocket.
"Thank ye," said Pat, "but aren't
ye .going to have a bit of a nip
yourself?"
"Aye," replied Jock, "but not un-
til the police have been here."
•
He: "Have you. ever been mis-
taken for a man?"
She: "No; have you?"
•
Teacher; "I1 you started at the
North Pole and walked due north
for a hundred miles, where would
you end up?"
Pupil: In a padded cell."
Huron Federation of
Agriculture Farm News
Livestock Records, Identification
One of the first essentials in live-
stock improvement work is ready
identification, so that a proper
record may be kept of the breed-
ing production, conformation or
health of animal. It is obvious that
if the animal is not definitely
identified all such records are ser-
iously open to question. Early
'breeders no doubt kept a fairly
complete record et their small
herds in their heads. Later, many
started keeping a herd record, and
this in turn was given over to some
one to keep a record for the whole
breed in a country. It was soon
realized that the owner's memory
was not sufficient, so the color of
the animal was required . as well
as the name.
As the numbers increased, how-
ever, and breeds were developed
with very uniform color markings
it was found that this was not
sufficient to identify an animal. As
a result, many different methods
were tried out in ail parts of the
world. A color 'chart showing
markings on each side of the ani-
mal and on the head was found
quite satisfactory in the case of
Holstein Friesians which are all
distinctly black and white. Some
tried ear notching, some firebrand-
ing, horn branding, hoof marking
and nose printing. Many types of
ear tags, neck chains, horn locks,
were devised. Photographing is
today an alternative method used
by Canadian Ayrshire breeders.
While all these systems have same
individual merits, after trials of
them all, most Canadian breeds
have turned to tattooing.
While identification h;!s always
been regarded as a. very import-
ant requirement for the registra-
tion of purebred livestock, the re-
vision of the Live Stock Pedigree
Act in 1927 was the first. time it
was made a definite statutory re-
quirement for all breed Associa-
tions registering purebred live-
stock in Canada. It required each
Association to provide "a practi-
cal and effective system of identi-
fication."
At that time many breed; were
not prepared to do much more
than keep a more careful record of
color markings, but the system, of
tattooing offered the most prom-
ise, and it is interesting to note
how the use of this method liar
developed, The first class of live,
stock to use this method of identi-
fication was the Silver Fox. In 1920
when first organized, all aninzale'
inspected and approved were tab -
Weed. Possh'biy due to the int pee"
tors teaching a good techrlitnie,.
foxes have been tattooed erer
since with no complaints. Many
breed Associations adopted tat-
tooing as an optional method of
identification. In 1927, the Here-
ford cattle breeders adopted tat-
tooing as a registration require-
ment. Jerseys were next in 1930,
Guernseys in 1932, goats in 1933,
Brown Swiss ;cattle in 1934,
Ayrshires as an alternative to
photography in 1935, Chester White
and Yorkshire swine in 1937, Short-
horn cattle in 1941, Aberdeen -An-
gus and French Canadian cattle in
1942. , l;ti 1948, two newly organiz-
ed Associations, the Canadian Sad-
dle Horse Breeders' Association
aid the National Chinchilla Breed-
ers adopted tattooing c► as a registra-
tion requirement.
In order to assist breeds in de-
veloping improved techniques in
tattooing, the Science Service of
the Department of Agriculture in
co-operation with the Experimen-
tal Farms Service and Live Stock
Registration, has carried on much
experimental work with tattooing
equipment and pigments. Experi-
ments on every class of livestock
have proved conclusively that al-
most any animal may be tattooed
successfully if the proper technique
and right type of ink or paste is
used. Some difficulty in reading
black tattoos on black ears has led'
to experiments with a green ink
which is proving a very clear and'
permanent marking agent in al-
most all classes• of animals. A spe-
cial type of tattoo punch with shal-
low needles has proved most satis-
factory for horses and tattooing is
now being considered by various
horse breed associations as a reg-
istration identification,
Canada leads most countries in
having a pure bred law which
requires breed associations to have
high standards for purebred regi-
stration and the high quality of
her pure breds is recognized
throughout the world. She also
leads most countries in having the
most accurately identified purebred.
livestock so that the accuracy of
Canadian livestock registration is
not open, to question.
Is It Iodized?
Take a second look at the label
next time you buy salt. Does it
say "iodized?" Iodized, salt tastes
the same as ordinary salt but it
has: been treated to prevent sirlople
goitre. Residents of inland areas,
whose regular diet contains few, of
the. Seafoods rich in goitrepre-
Venting materials, 'should Make ad-
vantage of his cheap and easy
'rotection.
r rr
p Look for the �tod3zed•
lab i,
When the day is warm and fair
Open windows wide.
Living things all need fresh air
Let it come inside.
DEPARTMENT Of NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELFARE
Years Agone
Interesting Items Picked From
The Huron Expositor of Twen-
ty-five and Fifty Years Ago.
From The Huron Expositor
May 2, 1924
'Replies have been received from
J. M. M'cLeau, Unity, Sask.; Sam-
uel Chesney, Cartwright, Man.;
Jack Staples, Regina, and Robert
Logan, Regina, ie. regard to the
Old Boys' Reuuion.
Ten carloads of ,Goderich Town-
ship people, comprising some sixty
friends of Mr. and Mrs. Albert Har-
rison, McKillop, motored down to
their home on the 2nd concession
on Thursday evening and spent a
thoroughly pleasant evening. Dur-
ing the evening they were made
the recipients of many useful gifts.
Miss Margaret Johnston, Hensall,
is going to Toronto very shortly to
take a position in P. B. Buchanan's
store.
The Murless Players have been
working on their new comedy -
drama, "Juliette," and are going to
Hensall Friday might.
Mr. T. Daly has leased the west
half of his fine terrace on John St.
to Mr. M. E. Meldorf, of Sarnia.
Dr..Aubrey Crich, who has been
practising dentistry in Caledonia
for some months, has accepted a
staff 'position in Mayo Bros. Hospi-
tal, Minnesota.
Dr. H. H. Ross and Messrs. C.
Aberhart, W. Ament, A. A. Mc-
Lennan and C. A. Barber were in
London attending the anual
spring ceremonial of Mocha Tem-
ple S'hriners.
The first summer tourists for the
season in Bayfield to arrive were
Thomas and Robert McCurdy and
Miss McCurdy, of Stratford.
Mrs. John Bechler, of Blake, en-
tertained a number of her lady
friends to a quilting bee last Thurs-
day afternoon.
Miss Jessie Buchgnan, of Hen-
sall, has returned from a pleasant
visit with her sister, Miss Mary,
in New York City.
Dr. F. 11. Larkin and J. G. Mul-
len were in Woodstock this week
attending the meeting of the Pres-
byterian Synod.
The auction sale of W. L. Mc-
Laren, Cromarty, held last week,
was one of the most successful of
the season. He will rent the farm.
On Wednesday evening last a
number of girl friends gathered at
the home of Mrs. Robinson, Con-
stance, to surprise and hold a
shower for Florence Williams,
prior to her marriage to Mr. Jas.
Leach. A tea wagon, decorated in
yellow and white paper, was load-
ed with parcels for the bride-to-be.
Lunch was served by the hostess.
•
From The Huron Expositor
May 5, 1899
Mr. Frank Jackson returned on
Monday from Toronto, where he
had been attending the School of
Practical Science.
The members of the Catholic
Mutual Benefit Association, Sea -
forth, entertained a large number
of their lady and gentleman friends
at an at-home in their new hall on
Friday last, when a pleasant time
was spent. Progressive euchre was
enjoyed. Those taking part in the
program were Miss Margaret Mc-
Quaid, Miss Minnie Dorsey, Miss
B, Daly and Messrs. P. Burgett] and
W. Moran. A male quartette, con-
sisting, of J. W. Duncan, J. F. Daly,
P. Mulcahy and W. Moran, was es-
pecially fine. Dr. McGinnis intro-
duced the numbers in a capable
manner.
On Tuesday last the property
owners of Seaforth voted on three
different by-laws for the purpose of
loaning money to aid in the exten-
sion of three distinct enterprises.
The Case by-law resulted as fol-
lows: For 329, against 38; the
Foundry by-law, 339 for and 31
against; the Woollen Mill by-law,
318 for and 46 against.
Rev. A. D. McDonald preached
his farewell sermon on Sunday.
The respect in which Dr. 'McDonald
is held in the community was mani-
fested by the very large congrega-
tions that assembled to hear his
parting words.
Mr. Wm. Hawkshaw left on Mon-
day for St. Marys, to take charge
of a hotel he has rented there.
Mr. Kling has become mine host.
Mr. Arthur Edmunds, who has
been employed with Mr. W. Som-
erville for some time, has received
a responsible position as express
messenger, running between Strat-
ford and London;
Mr. Fred Beattie, son of Mr. Jas.
Beattie, is home from Hamilton,
where he was taking a course in a
business college.
Mr. Orealy is having machine_Y
placed in the creamery and will be
ready to start buttermaking about
the middle of the month.
On Tuesday afternoon the alarm
of fire was heard in, Varna and It
was, .discovered that 'Phos. War'd's
°hickory kiln was On fire. The or-
igin of the blaze is unknown, as',
there had been: no lire on the peon -
gibes Since )before Ohria:ti es.
Seen- in the County Papers
Injured in Sunday Collision
Mr. A. E. Wuerth is suffering
from a fractured rib and some
bruises received in a car accident
on Sunday morning while motoring
to visit a daughter, Mrs, R, M.
Long, of Royal oak, Mich. 'M'r. and
Mrs. Wuerth, Reg and Ray, with
Reg at the wheel, were in a col-
lision at an intersection leading to
the Blue Wafter bridge at Sarnia.
The fender and one side of their
car wasdamaged and with the ex-
ception of Mr. Wuerth, the others
escaped unhurt.—Exeter Times -Ad-
vocate.
Doctor Injured in Fall
Dr. J. G. Dunlop suffered a fall
at his home Saturday morning re-
sulting in an' injury to his back.
He was taken t� Victoria Hospi-
tal, London, in the Hopper -Hockey
ambulance where an X-ray reveal-
ed a fractured vertebrae. Dr. Dun
lop was assisting in moving a new
rug for his home when he slipped
and fell backward on the floor. His
condition is said to be quite satis-
factory. He is able to be up with
the aid of a brace, and is expected
to be home shortly.—Exeter Times -
Advocate.
Arrived Safely in England
Word was received by her fam-
ily that Mrs. .Joseph Bailey had
arrived safely in England on Mon-
day. 'Mrs. Bailey and Mrs, N. Hunt
of London left New York last
Tuesday aboard the Queen Eliza-
beth en route for England, where
they will spend three months with
relatives and friends.—Wingham
Advance -Times.
Presentation to Organist
Rev. A. H. Daynard brought an
inspiring Easter message to his
congregation at special services on
Sunday. Mrs. Henry Harburn was
organist and the choir sang "The
Holy City." Mrs, Leslie Miller took
the solo part. Mrs. O. W. Reed
was presented with a beautiful
matched set of Bible and Hymnary
on Sunday. The inscription read:
"To Mrs. O. W. Reed in grateful
appreciation for the years of gen-
erous and faithful service at the
organ. Presented by the members
of the congregation of Staffa Unit-
ed Church on Sunday, April 17th,
1949."—Mi'tchell Advocate.
Purchases Property
Mr. and Mrs. Alf. Machan have
purchased the residential property
in the village owned by Mr. John
Clark, of Brussels. The property
was previously owned by Mr. Her-
bert Dexter and recently has been
occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Milton
Bruce, who have moved to Londes-
boro, Mr. and Mrs. Machan taker
immediate possession and intend
to make renovations on the d'wel-
ling before occupying it. — Blyth!
Standard. •
Music Store Hold
Mr. Roy Breckeu>_idge has sold
the Music Shop to Mr. Elliott
Rivett, who has been with him
for the last few years. Mr.
Breckenridge plans to devote ]lis
full time to tb.eroperation of the
well-kpow,,,n Goderich Pavilion. Mr.
Rivett takes over the business on
Saturday.--Goderich ,Signal -Star.
Highway Accident on Sunday
Four persons suffered injuries in
an. accident on • Sunday afternoon
on Highway No. 21, two and a half
miles north _ of Kintail. A car
driven by Gordon Grigg, of Strat-
ford, was travelling south at a
moderate rate of speed when the
right rear tire blew out, causing
the driver to lose control of the
car, which rolled over on to its
roof, and came 'to rest facing north.
Mrs. Annie Grigg, of Galt, mother
of the driver, suffered a ,bruised)
right shoulder and shock. She was
removed to Kincardine Hospital
where she is still a patient. Miss
Loraine Scott, of London, suffered
a sprained right wrist, and Miss,
Lenore Scott, of Leaside, had a
badly sprained right leg and cuts
at her right eye. Albert Scott, of
Stratford, escaped with bruises.
All were treated in Kipcardin* hos-
pital. Provincial Constable A. But-
ler, Goderich, investigated.—.Godes
rich -Signal-Star.
Peacock Joins Logan Sanctuary
Fred Murray not only farms in
Logan Township but is a fancier
of birds and animals that draw
visitors every Sunday. While in
the office this week he told us of
his lovely white Collie puppies and
anyone who saw the beautiful
white Collie at the fair last year
can imagine how lovely her off-
spring are. Her mate has hair
about 71/2 inches long, and his•
white coloring also makes him un-
ique in the animal world. And
now Mr. Murray has satisfied an-,
other longing in the purchase of
a peacock 'from a breeder near To.
ronto. Blue in color, the bird has.
mottled wings and is one year old.
When full grown in three years.
the wings, measure about eight feet
across. So the peacock will feel
more at home, three pheasants
have been obtained. The males
are blue breasted with red in the
wings and the bens are brown like
the ground. These birds are fed
grain and cared for much like tur-
keys.—Mitchell Advocate.
Farm Forestry
(W. A. G. Thurston, Zone Forester)
When a landowner has decided
to establish a plantation, and has
planted the trees, there are certain
ways in which he must care for his
plantation.. If any of the newly -
planted trees die, they should be
replaced the following year. This
is especially important if trees
have been spaced farther apart
than six feet by six feet, in order
to prevent trees growing near op-
enings from becoming too bushy.
When hardwoods have been
planted, it is advantageous to cul-
tivate them if possible. This pro-
duces faster growth, and ensures
the survival of a greater number
of trees. If there is a heavy
growth of grass around the young
trees, they may be handicapped
due to shading. Removal of the
grass by hoeing will give the trees
a better chance.
All plantations should be pro-
tected from livestock by a suitable
fence. The trees would be tramp-
led, and even eaten by stock, and
the soil would be packed so firmly
that the trees could not survive.
Fire can,.cause heavy damage in
evergreen • plantations, so some pro-
tective measures are necessary. If
the trees have been planted near a
railroad or well -travelled road, it
is advisable to plough fireguards
between the plantation and the
roads. Thtse will prevent grass
fires, whic'h may be caused. by care-
less travellers, from spreading in-
to the plantation. If trees have
been planted right up to the road
fence, pruning the bottom branch-
es off the first few rows will help
to reduce the fire hazard. '
All plantations need thinning at
one time or.another. Conifer plan-
tations usually should be thinned
when they are about twenty years
old. If thinning is not done, the
growth rate of the trees slows
down. By thinning, a high growth
rate can be maintained, thus get-
ting a high wood production from.
the plantation. This year, some
thinnings from pine plantations
have been sold as pulpwood. The
owners who sell pulpwood can thus
realize a profit on thinning opera-
tions. Other markets for thin-
nings are fuel, and small posts or
stakes.
Before starting a thinning opera-
tion, it would be necessary to
prune lower branches off to a
height of six or seven feet, to facil-
itate work in the plantation. Prun-
ing should always be done with a
saw, never with an axe. as an axe
might cause injury to the tree.
As a plantation increases in age,
further thinnings will be necessary
and these thinnings may possibly
be sold for hydro poles, ties, small
logs, etc. When contemplating
making any thinning, the planta-
tion owner should contact the zone
forester, as the problem of select-
ing trees to be cut in a thinning
operation may be quite complicat-
ed.
There are cases on record where
poles cut from plantations thirty
years old on a thinning operation
have been sold for $8.00 apiece.
Pulpwood has been cut as a thin-
ning and marketed with a profit
of $6.00 a cord. From these fig-
ures, and many others, one can:
see that a plantation can bring in
financial returns in a relatively
short period. So landowners
should not be discouraged from
planting by thinking that it takes
too long to get anything for their
work.
This is the last article in this
series dealing with Farm Forestry.
All inquiries concerning farm'
woodlots, plantations, or types of
trees to plant, should be sent to
the Zone Forester, Department of
Lands • and Forests, Stratford.
Formula Figures
Were you ever puzzled by the
formula figures — such as 4-8-10
printed on a. bag of commercial
mixed fertilizer? They are there
for your protection, fertilizer of-
ficials of the Dominion Department
of Agriculture point out.
The formula figures printed on
the bag simply indicate the propor-
tionate quantities of the main plant
foods contained in the fertilizer.
But these plant foods—nitrogen,
phosphoric acid and potash—must
be incorporated in the fertilizer so
that they can be applied to the soil
evenly over large areas, This .could
not be noise in their absolutely
pure form. A certain amount of
bulk is required, or the fertilizer
could net be spread around. How
is this d:ofie?
Well, in -a 100 -pound bag of 4-8-10
mixed fertilizer for instance, there
are usually, 20 pounds of nitrogen
chemicals, such as «Sulphate of
amtnonia, 'to supply the TOM per
-cent of nitrogen. Then there are
40 minds of superphosphete to
bttppl, the eight iter beat ofr+t►ro4p
phtirie acid, • and 18 poiirids of
muriate of potash to supply the
ten per cent of potash. This adds
up to 78 pound's. The remaining
22 pounds is generally dolomite
limestone, which contains some
calcium and magnesium—bath goodi
for the soil.
So, although the actual methods
of getting these essential. plant
foods into the fertilizer bag may
vary with different formulas, the
final result is always the same.
The plant foods will always be
there in the proportionate quanti-
ties stated in the formula figures
on the bag.
The first of the formula figures)
always stands for nitrogen, the
second always for phosphoric acid,
and the last always for potash.
That is the thing to remember, for
the figures are the key to the con-
tents of the bag.
' Different crops and, soils require
different formulas the officials say.
Your district •agricultural repres-
entative or nearest soil specialist •
can help you to select the rig'h't
one for youir particular crop or
soft'.
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