The Huron Expositor, 1946-11-08, Page 6ee Press)
"'tear
Jnr.
•Canadian, tarreine is
eAods of .prosperity
ups and downs in
ye • and ,.yields, +Farm r-
t1� `
v e
e aver t' thatn , o d
c u en .
ionl, : span, of years farness
ret 'an insane less. proper:
titan, either labor or capital.
eapite, hort spells Of high re-,
„they; ,,have long bees the de -
"tree 1, class in the nationv,
It !!ay 'be so.But. t'wbatldmme ire
Ithe,compilation ,.an
• 001Xout4t oi' c' statistical••.. hgarinatiow
mucb,,caiculation and a 'serious assess-
. merit sof s'oeial and. health factors'to
prover` Ilt,• However, if , perchanee it is
eo the it is, a condition that should
be eetrectted not only because it
mleans that agriculture lies: been in-
adequl telt' rewar-deco but because stlei%
an u b, alance in the economy is harm-
tal to society and the nation as a
whole.
They:,former is the cause of farm
agitation forremedial measures and
the latter makes it of concern to oth-
er segments of the nation. It is out
•f this; farm .feeling of adverse unbal-
aOce, 'that' the movement for a "par-
ity" system has grown, As a theory
"parity” is given the appearance of.
promising to, remedy •;the unbalance
arid stabilize farm prices at a sails=
fayctory level. -
Another Side
There isalways another side to
'such questions and it is always well
is examine it.
Farmers take the first blows of fall-
ing..prces in a depression. That is
beeausfl their prices lave been flex-
ible whereas the wages of industrial
workers and the prices of manufac-
tured,goods respond more slowly, be -
bind a tariff wall, to conditions. It is
Claimed for thee parity p?5iee• system
that it will rentedr. this by!;'firming• or
freezing fertc prices at an arranged
level p aPRriso ato to wages. That
Is
to, say, parity would add another rig-
idity to an already too rigid economy -
A more effective 'treatment would- be
to introduce flexibility into industrial••
wages and,prices, by making them
moire responsive tie world competition.
incidently, tarm,4 prices usually re -
Geyer more;'% tpidia than wages as,,.de='.
pression ends. That advantage would
Po : lofit, ,
Canadian agricalture is uroat senets
tive to fluctuations in foreign nation -
•
14 CE
aCsE
•otMoney Ba
a
R
quids
atethlec argoot.. bteItching
ptmple...adaGirt ~
a�1�use tt�Ricoolietftlt: medicated, Ila
PTl•,.
elk Soothes. comforts. and � �wy�eaerl alms
'la
r DD,, D: lRlt<aCR1lrTlON.,
164
•l
farmers, It Malta no' .il lento whe-
teir tlhe. period 4,949*l,4r, .;t.,9$49, 1$act,
or 7„943.45 rs used, tr i0ng to ata;
tein & i$ arseed otal►iife.ation On the.
ratio of that day #s a,• reaching oua
for the pa at, a nostalgic Yearning for
something theta:was) rated as goo1..
thea.
•
A price structure .pasetl on the, past
a iii
be of little value applied to pfio^
duction in. the future. Some, products
o. -
u
will be under -vel ed, others v r e
-va
lued and only a few will meet the
needs of consumption which clamps'
frons decade to decade and ever, from..
year to: years •
This reaching back to establish a
ratio which at one time seemed good
to farmers involves something else.
.No- matter what • golden age for .the
farmer is selected as a base, there un-
fleaubtediy. were other groups in the
com>nlxnity, possibly very large
groups to which such base periods
a1 economies- Depression in overseas were, not a golden age. In the past
markets, immediately •affects .the Caaa- when one section of the population
•dian farm and farm prices due to so
.large a proportain of the nation's farm
production • being exported. Conse-
quently, parity prices would curtail
exports as depression grew abroad
and -so -transfer .the depression to Can-
ada. The only escape from this, tem-
porarily, would be fer the other Can-
adian taxpayers to continually make
up the difference between export.
prices and parity prices. And,.. of,
course, the other taxpawers would
not and'couIdr not. do that .for any
great length of time, .or they theme
selves would .be caught in'depresgion.•
• Parity prices establish still another
type of rigidity that will •inevitably
add to the griefs of agriculture. It
is that they set a ratio between the
various types of farm production that
is difficult , to alter to meet human
needs. The U.S. Governmental Il'ood
Advisory Committee in its report to
the president .in 1943 fou'nd•the parity
system in that country a serious ob-
stacle to the carrying out of •the food
program. It -said:
Parity prices do not. represent
the differin nutritive values of
g•
various foods nor the relative urg-
ency oT the need for each foody
The only thing that parity prices,.
in fact represent is, the..ecenomtc'
relationships of a bygone day, us-
ually 1909-1914—two wars and 30
years. ago.
The base parity periods that have
been chosen either' officially -in -the
United States or as proposals in Can-
ada are the peaks of prosperity for
Was prosperous, other sections have
been enduring hard times. The parity
price system would restore that ratio
for the oppressed as well as ,for the
prosperous and freeze it into perm-
anence. •
Whether establishing parity prices
would, •increase farm incomes is
doubtful. It might perchance • de-
crease them. Thus.fashions in foods
chagge, new foods come onto the
ivarket and gain popularity. New
nutritive standards come into beixig.
In these circumstances a parity price
might, very easily lead to a decline in
quantity used and hence to a decrease
in income even if the price were sat-
isfactory
atisfactory to the farmer. -
A commodity may be priced out of
the market. Thus, in the United
States cotton has gone up on the par-
ity rating so high that the U.S. cah-
not sell abroad, stocks are piling up
and the U.S. taxpayer faces heavy
costs. Also in the U.S. potatoes have
been parity priced so high that pro-
duction jumped beyond possible con-
sumption and the seed potato indus-
try in Canada's maritime provinces
as well as in the U.S. was demoral-
ized.
The difficulties of arriving' at a
Y Y par -
it •s stem are enormous. To begin,
g ,
a base period must be selected. There
is no base period. in which everyone
was satisfied or when everyone's in-
come was in what each individual
•eonsidered a proper - proportion... -...to
others. The wheat grower looks back
to one perfect year, the coarse grain
MO r'
(main
Fres
When .,are fruits aid vegetables
flesh.?
Te e,tlerts in the horticultural di
vision of the Dominion. E7cpeFi menc a1
Farm the answer is anywhere front
an hour to two years after they have
been picked,
For in the frozen foods sectiore liia-
heer culinary .pathologists have their
eights levelled at the- not-far:distant
day when most "'owes will havetheir
own freezing units. They arecon-
ducting
onducting extensive research and experi-
1lnen0ttslwiob fielabe 014
NvittYto b0410ritbetla*
though banebeen "on ice" for
SO4-ofseason• stis1ee6.'r9
lent, fn subterranean ' freezing ,rooms at
the farm where blasts' of frigid air
send the mercury down ttl t0 degrees
•which
ve
beir4w zero; are' vegeta'bies ha ,
be'eh there three. years or more;
Talten•.fr.onz.:their state of icy prele.
cooked,. it
',thaweded
e tion and rya a
would be difficult to distinguish them
from the fresh variety..
Day in and day out the research
continues. 'Ven freezing for home
Use becomes 'popular the hoseew'ite
will have a fool -proof, labor-saving
system for succeesf tl 'preservation of
fruits and vegetables. It will retain
tateir original food value.,- flavor- and.
texture and reduce cooking time by
half.
Oieer 10 Years ofTest*
Behind all this lies- more than 10'
Years . of ,tireless experimentatleft by.
the farm's experts and chemists. who
were pioneere in „the development of
frozen foods. •
These tests include many in •chemi-
cal and bacteri'oiogical- laboratories`
and the organoleptic tests in the kit-
chens; analyses. for Vitamin, 0' (ascor-
bic acid) which governs flavor; tests
to ascertain what foods lend them-
selves bent to freezing; ' determination
of the most suitable: refrigerator tem
peratures, for certain products ;
blanching"(pre-cooking) procedure
which inactivates the enzymes which
cause oxidation during storage and
destroys many . organisms present in
the food which would otherwise cause
spoilage even though the vegetables
were frozen; selection of best mois-
tur'vapor-proof containers for stor-
age; experiments to find the most
suitable methods' of cooking.
An example of how painstakingly
exhaustive are these tests is shown
in the preparation of string beans for
freezing._, Those cut, diagonally into
one -inch lengths were found to retain
their flavor and vitamins.. much bet-
ter
etter than those cut into long strips:
Tasted Over Two Years
Normally there are five to seven
persons on the list of tasters. They
follow a series ofvegetables through
as long as a two-year storage period,
conducting tests at regular intervals.
man to another lend the hog raiser
to still another, The poultry man will
rate as his good.time a year in which
feed prices 'were low and egg prices
high. But the feed producer will not
accept that. The carpenter will con-
sider a boom construction year as his
parity period. 'No doubt "the chimney'
sweep considers his base period as
being •sometime before; oil -burners
came into common use. And eo itis
all the way through the economy.
Endless. -Arguments
Endless arguments lie on that line.
An example: The parity bane for a.
stock raiser is' one when feed prices
were low but..,.that certainly . is' not
the base year for the.. feed. grower.
But • grant one of the two his choice
year and the other is denied bits.
And when agreement on all these
complex problems is reached tile sim-
ple fact remains that Canadian agri-
cultural production and prices are .de-
pendent on world markets and., free:
dom of trade and that parity prices
mean detailed government cop'trol.
The remedy for agricultural diffi-
culties lies in. the attaining of a
greater freedom of trade throughout
the world and in appropriate adjust-
ments to fiscal and monetary policy.
So long as Canada can ship its farm
products abroad in sufficient quanti-
ties, the farmer has good times. His
difficulties come when trade declines,
when nation's build tariff walls, when
monetary exchange is shackled, when
,k
t
o suit the
channeled
is
commerce
political ambitions pf governments or
used as an instrument of power poli-
tics. The remedy, lies in building a
friendly and freely trading world.
Creating rigid _contractual trade than-
neis is barrier in attaining t at -kind
of world. CUM
•
G�i�„O7L
§874 't 2,46
SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS 01' BANICING
• 'y From the 'days of the Little Red Schoolhouse to the
present age of scientifically planned and equipped' school
buildings, The Dominion Bank has been promoting
progress. With 75 years of such participation iii-com- -
reunity betterment behind it, this Bank looks to the
future with continued faith and optimism.
,: •.ter.;
. sees
ese
°/8aRRo,
Tomorrow's schools will employ new. facilities for
enhancing the 'child's health and happiness.
With windows above the roof of the corridors, the
classrooms will be flooded with Tight from both sides,
fostering good eyesight and encouraging cheerfulness.
Seating arrangement will be flexible. Moveable desks
and chairs will make it easy to group the pupils,
according to 'need, for greater convenience, comfort
and.. interest.
Radio receivers with built-in loudspeakers will enable
the teacher to make full use of educational" broadcasts.
Such things, combined with new materials, modern
heating and ventilation, plenty of Window space, will
conduce to "sound minds in sound bodies" in Canada's
Schools of Tomorrow. Enterprise will produce them.
This Bank will prri•de enterprise with the resources.
needed to translate plans into practise.
MI.NION BANK.
stviorrirsfivz miis OF /BANKING, 1946
;J
r.
652
P. le the catal, roi*lr
tl�er ea$ if ore,?-tp regile$ t#$ `,p
c rev of oi;'o't►r a'1 , t4 Arlie sup
multi. and yet retain t •er'mai #01•It ,' +1t;
vita?nin 4'a
Frozen fo .ode 1have tit it 'limitati¢uo,,
� f r �ust e r
of course, and eautloni 1l gg
cised in not aito�itingg l toa''miue1 . time'
o
to elapse between thawinang d o alp
ing.
"Pote>rtiall deager of:.fooll poisoning',
develops_if vegetables are defrossted
tend held lire:tlien six' hours' et room
mperature beforls they are cooked'.
However, titch; will. 'lteep a week in a,
40 -degree temperature. d
At the present, attge of reeea'rclt ,it.
she 1d
has' 'bisen fot}nd ,that freezlug , .. u ,
be, Ihnited to vegete<blee which -•require.
400$ing before. eating. Expmilaents
area being;=conducted,;which ; will lead
to the h elusion,pi food$, wally eaten:
raw, elicit. as celery,: lettuce and cu
cumbers.
Mast fruits freeze ..succesefuhy, but
peaches, pears and apples must be
handled properly to prevent discelora-
tion. '
For instance, 200 milligrams, ....of
Pound of
asc�biee id• added to theosugar
syeep covering each P.ousliced
peaches preserves) the color during
Storage and thawing. Peaches treat-
ed
reated thus • and held at zero temperature
are as good one year's after storage
gas 24 'hours after freezing.
The blanching procedure' is one of
the most critical in the entire process.
All -vegetables must_ be given the
steam or hot water bath which 'par-
tially cooks them.. Under -blanched
vegetables toughen and gradually be-
come hay -flavored during. storage, Ov-
erblanched ones lose their color and
their texture becomes soft. -
It has been found that reasonably
.rapid :freezing is the best method of
preventing flavor deterioration. Too
rapid freezing bleaches the greens
and very slow freezing results in the
crushing of .the cells of the vege-
table by massive `ice crystals. This
causes leakage of nutritional proper-
ties. `"
Fruits differ from, vegetables leas -
much as they cannot be b'lanched:
However, there is not the same dan-
ger from food poisoning as with vege-
tables because pf the fruits' high'
acidity. •
The• main point with fruit is prompt
freezing and quick u•se after defrost-
ing. -
Most Bacteria Eliminated
In • vegetables, however, the cocus,
types 'of ,bacterid, including • the
stap'liylococci which are associated
with food poisoning, are present, and
blanching is necessary. The steam
treatment eliminates about 99 per
cent of these micro-organi•sFms. •
MI fasss1Iil� 1
$.
s ' �'Iteit
tt�etr ... , • ,
� ice•
'ttttlf.d-red sr t at hI lug
now
lett, Dtl!,+r,.
box wdhtthstt M
Vital Role
Frozen. foods are already playing
a vital role in 'making Canadians bet-
ter fed, anda the development. of the
idea of hon "frozen food banks," de-
layed by• the War, is expected to move,
swiftly once the vital• materials need-
ed to build 'small refrigeration plants
for the average home become avail-
able.
:'Already, in some larger cities like.
Vancouver, Toronto and Montreal
community frozen food storage plants
•are operating. By paying about;'$12 a
year a householder can pick vege-
tables from his garden plot and have
them stored for winter use. Hunters
use them to store their game. But-
chered, 'dressed and frozen, -the meat
can remain in lockers for months or
years, to be'removed piece by piece
as required.
The home freezing plants' have be-
come a boon to farm families because
it solves their problem of keeping
fresh vegetables, fruits and meats on
the table. The plants are a little too
expensive 'for"the-- average farm or
city family yet, but the cost is ex-
pected to be brought down 'once con-
ditions returnto normal.
,ia• '' � ' ll
Csnadiutn , a'ltal $u .tit sot.1! a•ter
its hardiu s andl bigbY quali9 lona
en
now be" ezpwted,,,ta,;any can 4tr t�hee
Dominion . , DepartWeet of,;: Agriculture
attnoynced on October 24. The onyy
formality now to, be met by Canadian
exporters is to have an export per-
r1
by. the Export, Permit
R anch, Department of Trade and
Commerce, Ottawa.
For the pastf w years, dine to the
world supply of alfalfa seed being
short, the Seeds Committee of the In- •
ternational emergency Food Council
which controlled all exports, restrict
ed shipments to specified countries.
Follow'ing's meeting of the Council in
Washington, the..agracelture, Depart'.
meet here was -advised' that alfalfa,
seed has been taken cg the allocation
list. -
Production of elfa1taeeed+ n Can-
ada
anada from the 19466, crdu:�3s eiltimdted
alt about nine mxilxo i';ponlntda "DlA11i:s-
tic requirements taxi be fui�'t$it Witar
about live and a• half milifon ptiiiads,
leaving about three �anil a'liaif mil-
lion pounds available for export. The
principal maniteit for"Canhdiai';alfalfa
seed is the United. States though the
seed is in demand •in the Brlti h Isles
and European countrieirbeeaiiie of /its
known hardiness and good quality.
The 'situation concerning red Glover
seed is that the present world supply
is not more than 60 per cent of re-,
quirements and consequently it has
been allocated, with the Northern
countriee of Europe and the • Britls's ,
Isles gettingtop
etti consideration.
Can-
ada will have about two and a half
million pounds available ,for export,
from a- crop in 1946 of seven and a
half million pounds.
The Export Permit Branch, Depart-
ment of Trade and •Conimer-ce, - Ot-
tawa,
ttawa, is now in a 'position to deal
with applications to export seeds of
alfalfa and red clover.. .
immiimmor
FREE ANIMAL SEFVICt-
!OLDDISABLED OR DEAD -
CAME • HOIi'SE5 • Hess. SHEEP • CALVES
Promptly and Efficiently Removed
Simply .Phone Collect
219
MITCHELL
WE •DO . THE REST I . •
FROM BLOSSOM TO FRUIT
Georgie Palmeter, of kentvilie, N.S,,,queen of the 1946 Nova' Scotia Apple 131`ossom. Festioal, holds
a basketful of luscious Nova Scotia apples, now being harvested and packed.' ' The inset shows Miss
Palmeter in her robes as queen of the fastival during blossom time last spring. Lower pidture shows
apples passing down assembly line in Nova Scotia Apple Marketing, B'oard's ,new. 'cold storage ware.
house near KentviIIes where .they.::are disked for:size-and-,quality.and,then wrapki'ed.and packed:::In, be eel.
for the domestic market. This is the first year that Annapolis- Valley fruit growers: have packed their
apples in boxes. In former years, the entire crap wrs Rollout and chipped An. barreia
7
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