HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Huron Expositor, 1943-05-28, Page 2h'.
1�.
ehal*e1,49A Editor,
shed at Seat0104 Ontario, ev-
,ya' Thursday - afternoon McLean
T rose
8 beer1"ption crates,. $1.50 a year in
dva nee foreisR $2.50 a year. Single
copies, 4 centeeaeh.
EAFQRTH, Friday, May 28, 1943
Farm News
In another column on the editorial
page. in this week's issue of The Ex-
positor, • we. believe our readers will
be interested in the article under the
heading, "Huron County Fede -ration ,
of Agriculture Farm News." This is "
the first article of what we believe
will not only be of interest but of
great educational value to this great
farming community.
Each week these articles will ap-
pear on the same page of the paper
and under the same heading. ' The
articles will ,not be compiled or edit-
ed by us, but by different officials of`
the Federation of Agriculture, and
will, therefore, deal with the prob-
lems of the farm; their discussion
and solution from the standpoint of
practical farmers.
The Expositor welcomes this new
farm department, made at its sug-
gestion, .because it has always felt
that the farmers in this district,
which is one of the finest agricultur-
al districts in Ontario have never
been articulate enough in . presenting
their problenis` and setting out their
claims for recognition '"before not _
only the municipal governments,
but the Ontario and Federal Govern -
'tents ' as well.
It is , an opportunity which we
know the Federation of Agriculture
Will use to the greatest advantage_ in
furthering the interests of all de-
partments of agriculture, combining
with it sound educational values and
a greater interest in every -day work
on the farm.
•
TheTwentp-Fourth
The ' twenty-fourth of • May, the
Queen's ' birthday, was not a holiday
this year,' for. the first time in the ,
memory of any living Canadian. In
the days of the good Queen, the 24th
was the oldest and the one patriotic
holiday of the year. •
Its discontinuance • this year be-
cause of war conditions, came as a
blow to every citizen over the age of
fifty years, because from youth on-
ward it was looked upon and antici-
pated as the 'one great holiday of the`
year, and second only to Christmas
in. importance.
Times may change, but h,abit is
hard to break, and sentiment hard
to crush. Otherwise,, why did --all the
villages and towns in the district, as
well as many others over Ontario,
including many of the ..leading cities,
diose their places of business on Mon-
day last and take a holiday?
Why? Just because it was the
24th! What other answer is there?
•
Death Of Alberta's Premier
Hon. William Aberhart, head of
the first Social Credit Government
the world has ever known, died in
the hospital in Vancouver early Sun-
day morning.' He had been ill since
Easter.
Mr. Aberhart spent the greater
part of his young life on a farm near
Egmondville and received his secon-
dary education at Seaforth Colleg-
iate Institute, where he was a bril-
liant student. Later he graduated
from Queen's University, Kingston,
and in 1910 went to Calgary, where
he was principal of one of the city
hhi//gQ�h schools, before entering poli-
AI'ways a great Bible student, he
" founded the Calgary Prophetic Bible
Institute in 1927, from where he
broadcasted every Sunday and built
up an ever widening, listening audi-
ence ,through the rural districts in
*he Province of Alberta.
During the early years of the de -
Solon he became interested in -the
l id theories of Social Credit
ieart interjecting into his re-
►uS ,boadcaci ,the theories of
0# l re'an d 1 ° lned *a •wide ' fol.
tho"p'rovw
,6r,.m. J�.i ,umA.0 P:,,�:'.o-t9,.Ir. :GF14
ince which kad been .kit hard by a
$secession 67 bad crops and the de-
'presston. -
1 the 1935 provincial-electiol - the
Social Credit party,, which had . can-
didates in almost every constituency,
Swept the country, and Mr. Aberhart
was chosen Premier, although he
was. not a party candidate in that
election.
Mr. Aberhart, however, was nev-
er able to put any of his Social Cred-
it theories into effect as all his legis-
lation toward that end was ruled un-
constitutional in Provincial and Do-
minion courts of law and the Privy
Council. In spite of that fact, how-
.. ever, he was returned to power
again in the election of 1940, and
continued to act as Premier until his
death.
It is now considered doubtful if
Social Credit in Alberta will long
survive the death of Mr. Aberhart,
as his following was almost entirely
personal and it was that fact and not
his theories that held the govern-
ment together.
•
Thep Don't Complain
We have rationing of tea . and cof-
fee and sugar and butter and meat
in Canada, and as time goes on,
there are a good many other foods
that will come under the same ban.
And on the wholewe have taken it
pretty well too. But every once in a
while we see something about food
conditions, in Britain that sometimes
makes is wonder if the war has real-
ly touched us here in Canada at all.
Here is a letter from a woman in
Leicester, England, bearing on this
subject:
"For more than a month it has ..
been a case of half -rations in eggs,
which means one egg for two of us,
instead of a monthly egg for each.
We find the way to make, that egg
go as far as possible is to scramble
it with potato and spread it on bread
and margarine.
"We have got quite into the way
of cooking more potatoes than we
need for the mid-day _meal, so there
are some left over to make a supper,
dish. We have had potato scones,
cheese pudding, and if there is any
jam . to be 'spared,a. sweet pudding
can be made. Applesauce made with
as much potato as apple is very good
and has helped to lengthen the time
we had apples. Potato can be use-
fully added to any stewed or bottled
fruit. •
"If we feel a shortage of anything
here, we can not grumble—weare so
sorry for the poor people in Europe 1
who would be so glad if they could
have what we have. We must all
help them ,when we can."
No complaint—just thankful for
what they have.
•
Looking For An . Earlp Winter?
At the May meeting of the Men-.
heim township council, 'a 'committee
was formed, composed of Reeve
Jackson Clark, Deputy Reeve Lav-'
ernge Sibbick, and Road Superin-
tendent L. E. Peterson, for the pur-
pose of obtaining full information
concerning . 'snow plow equipment
available, and report their findings
to the council at the June meeting.
We wonder if the snow situation
had not been disposed of by the first
of May last, or if the Blenheim coun-
cil is just looking for an early win-
ter.
The experience of last winter has
certainly made many township coun-
cils snow plow, conscious. During. •
an average winter, most rural mun-
icipalities depend upon the provin-
cial and county plows to ' .dig them
out after a storm and, usually, those
facilities are ample. ,
Last winter, however,°Was another
winter, when for weeks at a time in
some sections in this part of Ontario,
the only transportation facilities
were provided by a . highway or
county road, every concession road
=bein'g so blanketed with snow that it
was impossible to travel on them.
Even at that, there would be a days,
or two ata time when a village or
town or . a whole township would be
blocked up by snow. Provincial and
countysnow plows, with all their
power and size, were unable to buck
their , way through the miles of
drifts. Plows = were continually
breaking down.; repairs were diffi-
cult and pd par were hard to get.
.: is
Snow prow crews pei!ortned super
0044. ;9044
eC Mr as&
reefs elle.
From The Huron Exposltor
May 31, 1918
Mr. and ¥ra. John A. McGregor,
"wand T alk" Tuckersinith, held` a re-
ception on tete evening of May 24th
for Mr. and Mrs. Edgar Butt, on their
return front their wedding trip. .
The union picnic held in Mr. A.
Doupe'% field,. Usborne, on May 24th,
was well attended.
While engaged in turning the sep-
arator on Saturday during the thun-
derstorm, Mrs. Meje_aig, of Cromarty,
had a very narrow escape. 'Lightning
entered the barn, striking the separa-
tor and damaging it considerably.
Luckily Mrs. Mcicaig escaped without
injury. -
,Lieut. A. J. Grigg, of Clinton, has
been appointed registrar for the cen-
sus of man and -woman power for the
riding of South Huron.
Dr. McKee,, of Toronto, has taken
over the dental practice of Dr. F. J.
Bechely, who recently joined a Tor-
onto Battery.
A landmark in the shape of • the
Presbyterian church shed at Chisel -
burst has gone, Mr. Frank Fitzger-
ald having moved it last week to the
Davey farm to. be used as an imple-
ment shed.
Thomas T. Watt, aged 37, employed.
on the farm of John Beattie, McKil-
lop, was trampled`to death by a bull
in his employer's stable on Sunday
night. Watt was tieing the animal
UP when it turned on him.
• Duncan McCallum, of Walton, an
old and'esteemed resident of Walton,
died a fortnight ago and through his
love for his church left a legacy of
$500 to the church.
Mrs. J. C. Greig, Mrs. L. T. De -
Lacey and Miss H. I. Graham were
in Clinton -on Wednesday attending
the executive of the Huron Presby-
terial Society.
Lieut. M. Thompson has returned
from overseas and is visiting his
mother, Mrs. T. R. Thompson.
The Seaforth Dramatic Club pres-
ented the play, "Within the Law," in
the Goderich Opera House on Friday
evening last to a large crowd and
were most enthusiastically received.
Osifer.,a .
: ZyMeadows_
From The Huron Expositor
June 2, 1893 -
Mr. Robert McMillan, of Hallett,
while raising his neW barn recently,
instead of choosing sides in the cus-
tomary. . manner, pitted the unmarried
against the married men. The young
men, captained by the veteran Silly
Rinn, won an easy victory, to the con-
sternation of- the benedicts.
Mrs.' W. B. Kerr, of Brussels, was
engaged one afternoon in lacing up
a pair •ot shoes for her son. She was
using a pair of scissors to tighten the
iaees and in pulling the lace broke
and the point of the scissors pierced
her nose, going through the nostril.
A somewhat serious accident oc-
curred to Mrs. James Wright, of Mc-
Killop, on Friday last. When near
the old lime. kiln she overtook Mr.
Blanchard, of near Winthrop, who
was driving ateam and wagon. Mrs.
Wright passed Mr. Blanchard as did
also another buggy which xas ahead
of her. Mr. Blanchard's 'horses be-
came frightened and ran away. In
passing . Mrs. Wright's buggy the two
vehicles collided, taking a wheel off
the buggy and throwing Mrs. Wright
out and injuring her shoulder. She
was taken to the residence of Mr.
George Habkirk and medical aid sent
for.
Mr. John Modeland, of Egmondville,
has purchased a handsome new phae-
ton from Mr. O. C. Williams, of town.
,Miss A. Powell, of Philadelphia.
whd,has been visiting at Maple Hall
for the past two months, left for her
home in ,that city on Tuesday morn-
ing. She was accompanied by Miss.
Maggie Case.
Mrs. John Jarrott, of Kippers, clip-
ped five sheep, washed the wool and
had it out to dry inside of three hours
the other day.
Mr. Wm.' Anderson, with his wife,
arrived in Donnybrook from Africa
on May 24th. He has been away
eight years and his many friends are
glad to see him again.
Mr. James Swan, Brucefield, the en-
terprising machine agent, has deliv-
ered three carloads of the Massey -
Harris Co. machines in that vicinity,
this spring.
'rhe Thames" Road Presbyterian
Church received considerable dam-
age by the windstorm on Tuesday of
last week.
human efforts - under the
worst possible conditions of
snow and cold, but there is
a limit to humanendurance
as well as to machines, and
that limit was reached
many times and in nny
places during . the six
months' winter just liasSed.
Possibly it was with that
thought in mind that the
-Blenheim council formed
their committee. And ' at
that, they are setting an ex-
ample that many . other
township councils rnight:f of-.
low, if they don't want to
be found napping again
next winter.
(BY *tarry J. l o, 1.)
Anybody who has an inclination to-
wards talking about the weather
would certainly get plenty of prac-
tise this year. They tell me that the
boys who hang around Murphy's Em-
porium in the village have been hap-
pier this year than they, have been.
for a number of •years.
When the war started there was
general belief in our townnhip that
talking about the weather had 'been
destroyed for the duration. It didn't
seem to be possible for people to go
on talking about such a thing as the
weather in the face of world shatter-
ing events like the war. The wea-
ther prophets are a hardy race, how-
ever. They have a craft that has
been handed down from one genera-
tion to another.
When Germany invaded Poland
they immediately started talking
about•`the black muck of the polish
rains . . . and the rains that would
certainly come. - They had the Ger-
man :mechanized forces completely
caught in the mud. This didn't last
very long. When the (blitz came on
London our local weather preachers
began talking about .the cloudless
nights and they were certain that the
traditional English fog would sweep.
in and blanket the country complete-
ly. When the Russians and the Ger-
mans started tangling on the Russian
front they started up about the Rus-
sian Winters and the weather in that
part of the world.
The trouble was, none paid much
attention to them. That's a rare in-
sult to a specialist who talks about
the weather in our part, of the cone -
•e
try. Our hien have studied the art
of imparting weather information- for
years. They know that there's noth-
ing to be gained by simply telling
people that the weather will be such
and such. They know that the pro-
nouncement has to be started with
an expectoration and closed -with an-
other one. If there . happens to be a
brass cuspidor around that gives off
a :resounding ring, so much the bet-
ter.
The situation is completely chang-
ed now. The weather men who clus-
ter around the big stove at the store
are happy again. They now have
the late seeding to ruminate on. It
has made them very happy. They
are digging up all the stories about
late seedings and years without sum-
mers and polishing them with all
their might. When you walk into the
store and take your place around the
stove one of the prophets will look
up, shake hts head like . a sad dog
that has just lost his best bone, send
an expert shot towards the cuspidor,
wait for the ring, and then say dole-
fully, "Bad weather, 'ain't -it, Phil?"
Maybe' this column shouldn't have
been written. It puts a fellow in bad
humor to see days rolling ,off on the
calendar and then to look out each
morning to find that it has either
rained during the evening or else is
starting to rain. -You look out and
see the water lying on the fields and
the hens clustering around inside the
hen house looking dismal and evi-
dently just waiting for. sunshine. No
wonder a fellow gets bitters:about the
weather talkers!
• •Just a Smile or Two :`
Alice: "Maud has made some swell
marriages, but divorced all her hus-
bands." "°
Gladys: "Yes, she moves in the
best triangles, so to speak."
The'mistress of the house heard the
bell ring and saw a Chinese peddler
standing at the front door. Quickly
retreating, she called out to the maid:
"There is a Chinese at the door. You
go, Ella.
That was too much for the peddler.
He stuck his head in the door and
shouted indignantly: "You go 'ella
yourself!"
•
The reporter was sent to write up
charity ball. Next day the editor
called him to his desk. "Look here
what do you mean by this? 'Among
the most beautiful girls was. Horatio
Lucian Dingley.'- Why, you cray idiot!
Old Dingley isn't a gill and besides
he's one of our principal sharehold
ers." .,. -.
"I can't help that," returned the re-
alistic reporter. "That's where he,
was." •
"I say, Smith," exclaimed. Jones,
"where's that silk umbrella I lent
you?"
"I found it was my own, so I kept
it," replied Smith.
"You don't say so. And here I'Ve
been dodging old Robinson for. three
weeks, thinking it was his!"
Huron Federation O
Agriculture --Farm News
SUGGESTIONS TO HURON COUNTY
FARMERS RE SPRING SEEDING
Everyone in Huron County agrees
with the line in the children's poem,
"Rain, rain, 'go away, crane again
another day." This is the. latest
spring on record. Ernest Adams, of
Hullett Township, has kept track of
the start of seeding on his farm' for
the past • 40 years. Only once did
seeding start in March (1910) and
eight times in May (1904, 1916, 1917,
1926, 1928. 1934, 1937, 1939). Farm-
ers agree that this spring is very sim-
ilar to the spring of '1.916, with this
difference, that very little growth of
any kind has taken place so far this
year. We are justa month behind in
'growth of grass, development of fruit
buds, and blooming of early flowe5..1
Farmers also know that early sown
oats and barley produce the heaviest
yields. However, this spring it has
been impossible to start seeding on
many farms, due to continued rains
and cool weather. I would estimate
that around 25 per cent. of the seed-
ing has been done 'in South Huron
and much less than that in North
Hu yon.
The question .. naturally arises:
Should oats and barley still be- seed-
ed at this late date? Yes—decidedly
so because we will need all the oats
and barley that possibly can be grown
to feed the increased population of
cattle, hqgs and poultry on our farms.
If we' do not grow the usual acre-
age of oats and barley in Huron this
year, then we will have to depend on
Western Canada or else cut down on
production—and production must be
maintained unless we, are to experi-
ence a+drastic food shortage.
Shortage of transportation' such as
railroad cars aftd lake boats will hin-
der ,the movement of Western grain Ontario ntario in sufficient quantities to
look after the large demand. It, there-
fore, appears that farmers Would be
well advised to produce as much oats
and barley as possible on their own
farms to feed the livestock and Poul-
try on hand,
Another question that is asked is
the variety' of spring grain that
should be sown at this • to date.
Early ' varieties usually produce
more than late varieties when seeded
late, therefore early oats like Alaska
and Cartier should he sown in prefer-
ence to Banner, Victory, O.A.C, 72,
Em•ban or Vanguard.
I would recommend mixed grain
such as Alaska or Cartier eats and
O.A.C. 21 barley (lilted at the rate
of 50 pounds each and eo-vn at 100
pounds per acre),. in preferende to
growing barley alone.
Let me repeat, that ,3.t .appears high-
ly desirable, •even bt thin late ddrte,
for, farmers to seed their Weal adre-
age tq• oats end •li'aitet.
If thi'a cannot'sbb 't enei 'Vthat other
crops earl be growit • to.'help ,out the
feed s1tneatlole? Pe slit dile to dig,
cuss a iiuni'ber of crepe fiat m(ay b ',
used. Firht and 'fbreaOat AS ruby!'
v�rv-.rriw.v'."a
Culvert Washed Qut
Owing to the heavy rains the larll=
culvert on the Bronhon Line. 13
miles south of the Zurich Road, weal.,
completely washed out, as the ems.
was 'carried away for twenty- feet•
each aide `of the culvert. It will takl
some tall planning by the engineeN-
and Hay -council. just what tq do. .M
the meahtime the road is closed, N-
traffic.=Zurich Herald.
corn for 'husking purposes. Corn is
an excellent grain for cattle, .hogs and
poultry and there are early varieties
that will ripen in Huron: Wisconsin
355, Wisconsin 531, Pioneer.•355, mid
nesota .301, Kingscrost M.
The seed dealers have a supply o
different hybrids on hand. If you de
sire further inforrhation on the early
hybrids for husking purposes•, drop
mel a line at Clinton. '
Husking corn can be. planted in
early June in either rows or much
better, in hills. If the proper variety
is used, the ears will be ripe before
the fall frosts. The yield should be
around 100 •bushels or more of ripe
ears per acre., One nice thing about
husking corn is th length of time in
the fall when hushing can be carried
on (from the 1st of October until the
end of Noveniber). 'The cobs of corn
can be kept in a crib or put upstairs
in the implement shed or barn in
such a fashion that air circulation is
allowed up -through and around the
ears. In this way, the ears will keep
throughout the winter without getting
Mouldy or musty. A supply of corn,
on the ear will be found to be mighty
:useful grain for cattle, hogs or :hens
next winter. .Therefore, I have .no,
hesitation in recommending an 'in-
creased acreage of husking corn this
yeiar for Huron Couity.
• Soyabeans are another crop that
cati,'be grown by the average mixed
farmer to balance up his oats and
barley with a high protein. Cattle
feeders like soyabeans for this pur-
pose. Mixed with oats and barley at
the rate of 4 to' 8 lbs. per 100 lbs. at
the time of chopping will result in a
meal mixture which will produce
either milk from 'the milk cows or
gains from the beef cattle.
Soyabeans should be planted as
soon as the. land will permit seeding.
Use an early variety like Mandarin,
Manchu or .O.A.C. 211 at the rate 'of
45 pounds ,per acre in drills 28 inches
apart. Soyabeans should be kept
scuffled and clean throughout the
growing season. When ripe in Sep-,
tember or early October, they can be
combined with good results. The
yield .should be in the neighborhood
of 20 bushels per acre. ,
Of course, if .,you have a surplus of
soyabeans not needed for livestock
feeding, you can sell them readily at
a guaranteed price of $1.96 per bushel
for No. 1 grade delivered Toronto.
Soyabeans are recommended this
year to produce a high --"protein feed
to balance the oats and barley for
economical feeding of 'cattlie.
Another crop that can be - planted'
in early June is white field beans.,
This clop can be considered a war
crop because Great Britain. has -asked
Canada to supply around 1% milliiYri
.birahets''Of white field beetle fronii this,
year's erop. •
Our own domestic requiremettts ,are
.orlitintl one•hatf itii111on bi<sliels, aiud
tfle •tr'.S,A will take any anrp111s.
(teyeee sed on Forgo j")
Teacher Dies Suddenly
Death came suddenly to Miss Pearl
Love, 'at her residence, Exeter, when*
she lived alone. When she, who for'
the past eight years, has taught that
primary class in Exeter public schools
did not report for duty in the morn-
ing,
orning, the caretaker was sent to in
vestigate, and. found that she had
died. Dr. Dunlop, doroner, investigat-
ed and decided that an inquest wail
not necessary.—Zurich Herald.
Clinton Nurse Wins Award
Among the eighteen 'nurses to gram
duate at the Guelph General Hospital
School for Nurses on Thursday wale
Miss Margaret H. Middleton, daughteo
of Mr. and Mrs. Fred Middleton, ci
Goderich township. The special prizel-
for operating room technique, "award-
ed by Dr. J. M. Savage, was receiv-
ed by Miss Middleton. Her parent*
and Mrs. James Johnston and Mist
Myna. Middleon attended the gradual',
ing exergises.—Clinton News -Record.
Former Agriculture Representative ,
Mr. Ian MacLeod, agriculture gee
presentative .here for many years and'
later of. Brighton in Northumberlantl
County, has been transferred to ths,
City of Brantford in Brant Cdunty.—
Clinton. News -Record.
Some Real Pigs
Mr. Orval McGowan, of East Waw-
anosh, recently -marketed 33 hogs, 331
of them being graded selects. The
hogs were' sold to Watson tiros., of
Blyth, and, we believe, is considered:
a record number of, selects for one
shipment of hogs.—Blyth Standard.
Takes Position At Goderich
Miss Eileen' Robinson who has bee= .,
teller in the local branch of the Can-
adian Bank of Commerce for some
time, ,has been ,transferred to the
Goderich branch, and took' over her
new duties on Monday. Miss Betty
Fairservice has taken over teller du-
ties in the Blyth branch, and Mier
Doreen Vincent is the new member
of the local staff:—Blyth. Standard.
Newly -Weds Honcbred.
A` number of friends and neighbour
of S.S. No. 11, East Wawanosh and
-Hullett, met at the home of Mr. anti:
Mrs. George ,Cowan, Sr., in honor of
Mr. and Mrs. George E. Cowan, ern'
Dungannon, who were' recently 'mar-
ried. The evening was .spent in•play
ing 'games and a':.social time, after-
w•hice Mrs. Falconer asked the young"
couple to come forward. Miss Norms&
Doer read an address and Roberti:
Giousher and Arnold Falconer pre-
sented them with a lovely wall mirror
and end table. ' Mr. Cowan replied
•suitably, on behalf of his wife. LunclI.
was served by the h6stess, and the
wedding -cake was passed around by•
the bride.—Blyth Standard.
Purchased Home
Mr. Jack Hodgert has purchased'
from Mary Kestle the fine :residence•
on Station Street recently vacated by
Mr. Don Size, who moved to Toron-
to. Mr. Hodgert gets immediate pos-
session. The real estate transfew
was put through by C. V.' Pickard.—'
Exeter Times -Advocate.
Appoints Town Clerk
' The town council in special meet-
ing on Friday night last 'appointed)
Sherman H. Blake, of town, to the
dual position of clerk and treasurer
of the corporation•. • Mr. Blake suc-
ceeds Neil J. MacKay, who held the
position for a short time after the re-
tirement of L. L. Knox on account of
illness. Mr. Blake's salary .will be
$1,800 and this duties will begine June
151h. Three additional applicatiops
for the position were received, mak-
ing 21 in all, but the final choice
was between two of the applicants,
the council dividing five to three in
favor of Mr. Blake as 'against an out-
side applicant. Mr. Blake has been
the accountant at the Royal Bank for
several years. He is a -married man
and resides on Newgate St. with his
wife and young •daughter. He is
highly regarded in business and oth-
er circles and the appointment is
generally popular. A peculiar cir-
eumstance is that, the house in which
Mr. Blake lives is:the same as that
in which Mr. Knox was living `when
he was appointed town clerk over 30, �'
years •apo.n—Goderich Signal Star:...
Brussels Flier Missing
Flight Sergeant Harold. L. Huether,
son of Mrs. John, Huether and the
late Mr. Huether, is reported missing
after •air opersitions overseas in the
Royal Canadian' Air 'Force easualty
list released from Ottawa Tuesday
night, 1 'light Sergeant Huether bad
been engaged In quite a few trips ova
et. enemy territory, his sister, Mrs.
Allan Searle, of .. Walto+n, repotted -
His family: believett That it was freer
One of :the recent l.Iieavy -aide on e--
(( O11enit* o8 nag fir,
c
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