HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Huron Expositor, 1940-08-02, Page 6z •,
Saffir Goof as Ehisitrf.
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WEEKLY EINA „NT-A1 'J= i
t& -'(BY Iie41117: 313,mt Phillips' in Boston
Monitor)
gin hoatilifbiea +have ceased at
reletaeae are that this harbor
s; endi' b wrecked vess@tls that
fid, it. will be of little or no
Bailing point for ships I•oad-
100/ OTO from Sweden's iron moun-
m atelitObas in Lapland.
,lv'rliF;' Norway, is only the .tail.
+Bait Wagsvtine dog. The dog de Kir-,
li ate taircl
its surrounding fields of 2,-.
000 million tons of the richest iron
',pea alit, the •world. Germany h a s
tattnibed for she time on receiving
at least 50 per cent. of Kiruna's• forc-
ed eatput annually.
With -both Narvik and Kiruna more
:truant 100 miles north et the Arctic
Circle, foreign, troops found them-
eelves engaged in an extra. conflict
With a .common enemy, Conquest of
the Arctic! There on the top of the
world, the sun shines 2.4 hours a
day tdhraugbout most of the summer.
For 10 weeks ne defensive blackout
,_eve possible.
Jest in • case one or both armies
had crossed the border, and pushed
on 100 miles, taking up positions
within the iron. ore region, Sweden
held- a trump card. By the turn of
a switch, 'she could seliid- them both
into perceptible retreat. ^Electricity!'
This entire Swedish ore project is
" one of the great electrical wonders
of . all time. The mines, Lapland
Railway and all the living facilities"
in the. town of '-'Kiruna and the vast
Arctic Lapland, are controlled by and
from the great power holis'e at Pro -
jus, 100 miles to the south. The en-
- tee "works" could be pushed back
again tate Polar ice and darkness,
from which the S,vvedets salvaged
them, less than a generation ago, by
• sinpiy disconnecting" the electric
supply. .
Without the Kiruna 'iron. ore 'fi0ld4s,
Narvik • w oul•d still be an. obscu•ne fish-
in'g port. Its birth as the northern-
most town on the ea ntinent of Eur -
ape dates from the completionof the
' •spur of the Lapland Railway coming
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froom the Swedish, iron mines. The
building of • the great ore dcicks be-
gan at •once, followed by the growth
of, a mue.hroam tovan in modern dress
composed of wooden buildings re-
sembling. those of "gold rush'. Alaska.
I landed in Narvik one day last
summer on board a small fjord steam
boat , that had threaded its way,
through a maze of rocky islands that
were said to be mountain peaks ris-
ing their heads above the water. It
had been much 'the same for the past
two days navigating Norway's coas-
tal waters, -tough going for sizable
warships and transports trying tis
lard troops in the face of enemy fire.
Wandering around the dismal town
asking how I could get out of it, I
chanced to meet a Swedish giant who
spoke a quaint though almost fauit-
les•s Engli rr.h. He told me his nama
was Mb Akerlund, ands he suggested
going half way up Brombac Heights,
From the terrace, we could over-
look the whole Narvik basin. Trying
to get out of Narvik seemed a very
d sreumag'ing job. A sea o4 snow-
capped mountains with. the sheen of
a glacier among them barred the way
to the north. TQ the west lay wa-
' ter: Lofoten Fjord, that required a
local, pilot to get a foreign ship out
to the open North Sea,, I .looked: to,
ward southern Norway.
"Not even a cowbath, that way,"
Alb Akerlund, my new-found friend,
informed me. "Just one cliff after
another and rock mountains for 200
miles shoving you into the sea!"
This is the land route the Germans
would have' come to reecue and con-
solidate their. forces, Or the" one
which the Allies had 'to march their
cohorts .over when they sought to re-
take Southern Norway! By sea, or
by air. were the only routes to reach
the south.
'"There's only one way out," con-
tinuet' the Swede. He pointed to a,
tunnel burrowing eaistwa.rcl under -the
:heights on the side of, which were
were sitting. "Kiruna!" He said it
as though it was the sum and
sub-
stance
stanse oPloll this part of the world:
Alb Akerlund' tu'rn'ed out, to. be a.
lre'motive engineer. Three times a
week -ha -drove . drove • one' of the electric
trains from Kiruna . to Narvike 50
cars,• each with 35 tons of ore. Newt
unarming I stood in the .:driver's cab
of the electric locomotive beside En-
gineer Akerlund when, hie train of
"empties"set out on the. 100 -mile -
journey back to •Ki -tuna.
We began lour :trip in the tunnel
that the German soldiers put out of
commission by setting . loose a_ simi-
lar train and letting it go pe1J—nell
down the side of the mountain grade
and come to a jam :in the center. The
rest of the journey was through
abysmal ' Arctic wild'eirness. Between
Kiruna and Abisco we saw an en-
campment of Lapps with their herd
at reindeer.
This was a sample of Swedish Lap -
•
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Name
Addresit
Weekly editors from all parts of Canada took a few days holiday following their recent annual
convention at Calgary and paid a visit to the Canadian Rockies, where they motored over the
newly opened Columbia loefield Highway. This pii'ture was taken at Jasper Park Lodge where
the new executive of the C.W.N.A. "viewed the situation'. From left to right: Clarence Charters,
Brampton, Ont., managing secretary; H. T. Halliwell, past president C.W.N.A., Coleman, Alta.; H.
Rice, president C.W.N.A., Huntsville, Ont.; Walter Ashfield, lst vice-president, Grenfell, Sask-; Wafter
Legge, 2nd vice-president, Granby, Que. At the.right is the delegatefarthest away from home
—A: L. ,Barrett, of Curling, Newfoundland, who has his notebook :out and is interviewing the
Jasper Totem Pole on its experiences in the Canadian Rockies.
land as it all Appeared before the;
electric wonder, Alb told me during
the three•4hour journey. Lapland com- 1
prises 4,114 square miles, or one-
quarter of all Sweden, and includes'
the valuable iron bre country 01
Kiruna.
Bit by bit, I learned the whole
story. Ho* for centuries, scientists
Chad known that this Arctic Sweden;
was one ,of the richest storehouses of'
mineral wealth on earth. But up un-
til the beginning of the twentieth
century it co.ntainued'• to remain a
polar wasteland, . unifrh'abited save by
a few thoutsantd nomad Lapps and
their reindeer.., During nine months
of the. -.year, Arctic Bold, 'stow, and
ice drove •all•andmal life to cover. Ev-
en the birch groves and. the pine for-
ests becomle• .mere shrubs.. Withent
fuel a 4 food, shelter and light re-
sources, human subsistence 'was ini-
possible. For two menthe, the land
was in total polar darkness.
Many ng' da.ri pioneers made vain
attempts to render this land of froz-
en milk and honey both habitable and
commercially -'useful. Nature seemed
to have locked it up tight forever and
thrown' away the key.
It wtas not until 1890 that Jonas
Wenstrom, a Swede, seeking a sub-
stittitte fior Swed'en'§ lack tot coal and
foil for the .growing. industries, solved
the prlobiem of the transmission 'of'
electric energy. Through the apple
cation of his brilliant theory it be-
came poseible to exploit the Immense
resources of power latent in the nuin-
erous .waterfalls of Sweden. '
" In short, electricity was the Tong -
missing key and factor destined to
unlock" the treasure house and out-
wit nature. Electricity could be ren-
dered impervious to cold, frost. ice
and now. 'Electrioity could now be
transmitted long distances•
from its
stource, independtentt of fuel or -,steam.
Finally. electricity generated by the
very elements that ;heretofore had
• barred the way •-to progress in the
Far North was; plow' harnessed and
made to furnish the power to -drive
100 •differem't machines designed to
overthrow their ' domination, -
Porjus FaallS, on the Stora 1:,tile
River; tthe• most 'important stream in
Lapland, was sel'e'cted as the ideal
location for the great ,power plant.
Between Porjus and the Gulf of Both-
nia, the Xever -drops ..111 6 feet, farm
ing numerous *Merfalls and rapids,
all of which were to lend their ,en-
engyr tis the mighty project.
Availing th'e'mselves of a newly itis-
covered 'method of prospecting by
means of .'portabl'e electric units, sci-
eriitisits took "the next step and thor-
omghly leaerahy red the one fields of
Kiruna, Kiaunavaaare, and Gallivare,
THUNDER FROM
STAN:
it, 4k
J-Vjncent Richards
Commences This
--IN
HuronExpositor
•
Read Every Thrilling
key this Ace Writer
•
disclosing that they were among the turned their ,technical training to
most extensive deposits known to account and built their own radio
man." Even blaotlglr, ,they should take broadcasting station. Programs and
out ore at the un.h•ear'd-of rate of 10,- "features" were supplied by, the
000,000 tons a year for 200 years, it schoolmaster, the Lutheran minister,
would still leave the Kiruna deposits and by gramophone tranecriptio'nis•-
far from being exhausted! 01 equal Accompanied by Alb Akerlund, I
imtpoltiantae was .the additional discov- clambered up the, side of Iron Moun-
ery .that the Kiruna mines contained .train .on'e night to visit the iron mine.
an almost.ipure-iron deposit, in excess A miner on- the midnight shift walit-
of 7a per, cent., whereas the average ed along with us• carrying this dinner
ore was les's than half that. For use pail: He was a drill sharpener, he
in. filling all itha highest test demands said. He .earned $250,, a .mo'n'th. In
tot 'industry, Kiruna iron dial no eq- addition .to 'his union scale wages, he
nal. reoeived a percentage on -all ore min -
Until that time, practically the on- ed with his tordl's. If his' sharpenin.g
ly Means of trans.portatien over the job had been a good one, the, his fel-
vast area of 'Lapland , had been the loH7s, and the oonntpany all benefit-
,
reindeer. Hence the Second step in ted; and vice versa.- This led to the
importance in the conquest of the informration_ that the wages, paid in
Arctic was, to' begirt the construction Kiruna were the highest mining ..pay
of .an electric 'railroad that should per man in the world,. The nninninnm
provide tr.ans'portatian fir the mil- pay was $5 a day.' A few extraordin-
'Leone of tons 'of machinery and ma- ary•workm'e•n earned ,as mucth as $11
terials needed -in the colossal enter- a day. The oomznumiity enjoys nlear-
priste.. This task of pushing th,e rails ly all the welfare benefits 'possible.
of the Swedish State Railways across We left ' our mincer at 'the bath
300 miles of barren Lapland had to house and locker room, where every
be ma:d'e•'•pirec:e'meal; during the brief minter 'changes his neat -appearing
sunnier season. The slightest mis- street clothes for overalls. On come
calculation in timing or' lack of co- in•g out of the' mine after lids:eight
,cr•di.nati:on would have led to one, of hours, each workman freshens up
•the greatest failures of the times. with a shower bath and a complete
• Another sieemingly unsurmountable_ change of wearing appar+el..
problem had arisen; For nirie months -Arriving at the trop of the inoun-
of the year, Sweden's only passible stain, we turned our attention toward:
ports for shipping- the weighty iron.. the North, as it was within a couple
ole lay fiiozen up and as inaccessible of days •of Midsuimvmer Night. Al-
as the North pole! Lulea, on the •though after 11 p.m. it was still as
Sea of Bothnia, is free from unbreak-•,lixht as a New York late afternoon.
able ice only four months out of. the From th'e hilltop the whole of the
twelve.' Northland lay unobstructed to our
Again nature, which plays fast and "view; a wilderness that seldom meets
loose in the;-eonquest of the :Arctic, the eye. of any save Arctic explot-
came to the reecue, by enabling Nara ers. Gaaciers and snow-capped peaks
vik, Norway, to solve their problem. of Sweden's 'highest mountains glis-
Despite the 'fact .that 'Narvik is e' - tened in this ghostly, unnatural :day -
en
day -en •farther north of the Arctic -GI -rale light. . It was -the primeval in its
than Kiruna, it is favored by a branch rudimentary state; the imoonguered
of the Gulf Stream - that keeps the Arctic wastes that these risen of ir-
whole coast temtpterately heated dure en had tackled and overcome.
ing the..col•d'est Month's of Arctic win-
ter. Without the "warm water" port
of Narvik, the Swedish iron ore mines
of Kiruna would be practically block-
ed. There is no other practical way
ofPP g hi in great'quantities. of iron
s
ore out 01 ice -bound Lapland during
three quarters. of the year.
Tiiieoreticaidy and strategically; this
would slbal up . Sweden's iron ore
fields of Kiruna for the winter! Tat
understand this, one must ,under-
s:tard Kiruna, one :of the strangest
and most remarkable towns in the
wtorld.
First, lase. and all the time; Kir- tsuperintendent explained. this and
una is a Town of Iron: Its 14,000 that, yelling in my ear: ' Thanks to
inhabitants are cradled in iron, they electricity, he said, the- busy scene
live their daily life by, with, and before us never changed, flay or
from iron.' The water is rusty with night, Water or summer. , One of
iron and the :mane. vegetation chok- t their problems of carrying on. outdoor
ed with it. There is no top soil as industry in the Arctic 'had been lack
we know it, ,only. a reddish rust, the of daylight; th.e,:-almost total dark -
corrosion of centuries frim a coutinu- nese throughout • the winter months.
•ous battle of the :elements with the Six months hen'de, at full moon, the
iron 'hills. resit of ,Lapland woltl•d be- in total
' Two nouhtains, really, of thigh- darkness'. Here, the whole place was
ouality ore rise Ott of the plain, flooded: with electric light 24 bcurs
:theist into the air by same ancient a day; the town, :the mining works,
conflict of nature, The town of Kir- and the • mountainsides!
uta is built in ,the cnotoh of the frills. Precautions had to• be i•nsreae'ed at
The Kiruna maniere, . instead of des- every :step: :Cranes and chains of
Lending 'into the customary '.under- mobile mechanism swooped over-
ground "pats," ;take a funicular rail- head. We dodged an mire car ruin -
way up fe the summit 'of 'a mountain,, nintg wild over the webbing of sWit-
w'here they join in the titanic task elites', the tswitchlea engine .screaming
of, boring, blowing up, and finally at us tp.'get out of the way. A sizable
slicing off the iron bill as though it boulder •came hurtling down the em -
were to ferrous layer cake. bankm'ent and went crashing through
I had barely stet my. fdot in the a stout wooden bin. Suddenly, the
town before I -lot an unforgettable sirens) began to howl. Everybody
taste of Kiruna mining technique. dashed behind battle -scarred log
Mb Akerlund had become my 'Itiost stockades ,pladed 'at strategic points.
anti we were walking towand 'his Through the p'ee'phole we coultd:.'see
house on the other side, when sirens a -nearby ledge of Iron one rise like
began shrieking. red flags were rais- a wave of • the sea and fall with a
ed at several paints, and I saw peo- crash into a ,heap -of debris, Giant
°isle running dawn' the aide of Iron' steam sleiovels lumbered up and be-
M'ountai,n. A zero interval of silence gar leading th'e fallen ore into the
followed with all the concomitants .01
impending bombardment: A dragon
of smoke undulated across the crest
Of the mountain with a roar of the
explosion of ,a hundred tons' of dyna-
mitte, I was told afterward. The en-
tire ,skull of the ridge was blown a
thousand feet in the air. Great frag-
ments and smaller chmnks, of iron ore
came hurtling around urs.
Everybody seemed, to breathe a
sigh of relief tam'd, go about their bus-
iness until the next blast; one every
four hours,; Akerlund and I eon.tin-
• uteri' 'our way through the grins ljown,
between stolid rows of com,pariy hous-
es. actcams od•ating anywhere from
four to 40 families.
Akenlund's home Cobtsistted of four
roams, for which he paid. $9.00 a
mottle We entered by way of th'e
1:titchelr• which was dining room as
well. R. hummed with a score of
electric gadgets,that seemed to justi-
fv K"iruna's claim to being "the most
ele•otrilied town in the world."
At least one indication of -the iron
in they chemistry of these Kiruna peo-
ple came Out when. I was taken to
visit'' bS Teohmioal High School where
200 mitiet's' children' received Voca-
tional training. When. troublte was
en'c'ou'lntered with long distance radio
reoeptlon due to near.' -by polar inter-
ferende, the, boys of the nigh Sof ool
artada's-ilifir
(Continued Pram Page 2)
1llGim,estel,"do,MMientad, Ifenouaiable R.
B. Hanson; Conservative iea,,der.
General Cremes- Appeal
Major -Genera H. D. G. Crerar, new
chief of the General Staff, over the
nation-wide netw ret of the OBO, ap-
pealled to every dtt mise to offer him-
self for service and, as required, to
go overseas. ...
"Should that egomaniac °' (H,itler)
succeed in his ,plan," said "Major-Geu-
•eral 'Creme, "Canada would become
the fnomtt lime trenches of North A>aa-
erica in wlmt Would be the final Mn.
g'le-handed straggle of this Continent
against the domination of the would-
be dictator of the world.. That I as-
sure
ssure you is no panicky .superficial
statement of future possibilities tor in
truth 'the teehalcal military and po-
litical means w•ou'ld then be at Hit-
ler's disposal. It is based upon know-
ledge which I can claim to possess;
it is a prospect which no Canadian
who holds in regard this family, his
country, his religion and his King can
possibly exclude frond his thoughts.
It is also a .situation which we can
decisively prevent . if every fit, •man
amongst us, rising ab& s self, offers
himself for service and, as required,
goes overseas/ to meet. the •enemy,
and to defeat. him as -he strives to
emerge from that unhappy Europe
now -so' largely the victim of his ag-
gression."
A. little walk from the Engineering
Buirlding brought us to the brink 'of
the most stupendous man-made pit
I 'have ever seen. It spread out be-
low us for- almost two mites•. The
'supposed crest of the mountain I had
seen. from the town was 'only a shell.
out, of which a vast crater several
`tpndr'ed 'feet dieep:'had been gopged-
Some 2',000 leen, each with some tool
or 'machine in hist hand or "under his
ca'h'ti:ol, was tearing away at the iron
mountain, raising an unearthly din
As we descended) the 300 wooden
steps to the iron floor :of the' pit, the
waiting strings of dump care.
We followed the cars, running the
gaptilet to the far side of the pit, to
the side of One 'of the huge ore
crushers that medle a nliore 'horrid
din than all the other machines put
together. As 'the train of dump cars
moved up, steel arms' reaehied out
end clutched the 'body of a 'car and
lifted- it with Its 35 -ten load .high id
the air and 'then sudd'eniy cast the
contents of iron rock into the re-
volving jawts, masticating at the rate
of 100 bites a minute. Ten -ton boul-
ders were red'u:ded to egg 'size • and
were then sent vslliding down a Chante
iota tete train of ore care, waiting to
carry them off tor Narvik.
Perih•aps Germany may be' able; tl
'dispense with th'e Narvik route dar-
ing the rest of the swifter months?
Notwithstanding, the cost •Qf trans-
portation via' Bothmia's long haul sea
route will be many times that tai the
tethort rhaud to Narvik, thence by
freighters down the Norwegian coast
through the tSkagorrat•
These rich fields, together with!
Kirutna, have- long been a choICe pair
session crf m'',de•'rn Sweden. '!hey: heave
ey'rabo•lized not 'only, bb's Conquest of
the Arctic,' but also the nation's
greatest di;)lgle a•ehdev'einent, ant
spelled national Wealth for -a conic
isf ' celi.turtr.s tis t. uhe.
Farm 'Products
Better understanding of the agri-
cultural situation in its relation to
the war was the general impression
be delegates who atttended the' Ottawa
conference between representatives
clf...pi venial deptartmentts of .agricul-
ture and the Agricultural Supplies
Board,
'Here area few points from reports
to the conference:
Supplies of all vegetable and field
root steeds will be adequate for Can-
ada in 1941—Nelson Young, • associate
director; plant products division, Do-
minion Department of Agriculture.
As a result of dramatic changes in
the war, situation inrecent months,
Canada is totally dependent en the
United States for fertilizer material
to augment domestic Prn
duction—G.
S. Peart, Plant Products Division, Do-
minion Department of Agriculture.
Feed situation in Canada' is reason -
•ably good.—F: W. Walsh, Direlctoei of
Marketing,. Nowa Scotia Department
of Agriculture,
A possible rerl'fction Ic i.his year's
apple crop in Canada of 15 to 20 per
cent as compared with the bumper
crlop of 1939 was Predicted by R. L.
Wheeler, assistant director of Mar-
keting Services. Dominion Depart=
m'ent .of Agriculture.
British Ministry, of Food insii•ts
that the contract with Canada for
•supplyin'g 5,600.000 pounds of bacon
and other cuts shall not be 'exoe. dad.
-•-Honourable J. G. Taggart, Chair-
man of the Baoon Boiad.
From Febr nary est to July 13, • 1940,
a total of 249,825 canes of 'Canadian
eggs or 89,94 t,080 individual eggs
have been shipped to Great Britain.
—W. A. Brown, chief. Poultry Divi-
sion, Doininion Depantm,ent of Agri -
Culture.' '
On more than one occasion recent-
ly, the 'British Ministry of Food bas
urged that the l'arge'st possible quan-
tity 'of Canadian- cheese' should be
vent to Great Britain. -Joseph Bur-
gess, Dairy Products Division, De-
uminion Department of Agriculture.
Many of Canada's agricultural prob-
lem's are "due to the existence of sur-
SiToPPED
,140 1*
*or Money B#ak
Foe aidOir rete f;opt Niko' a of Name pimples. sae
attar/ foot eel gala* mace ma otter etteeelly
caused skint sate werloallomoute caches, ante
septic, liquid lar e. plica Greeeeleey
g inless. Sootheirrastien end quickly dope intents.
itching. Meal bottle prove'elt, or money � back. Mk
0.
pour druggist Odor for q.0. PRESCRIPTION.
pluses, but of wool Canada is consent-
ing
onst -•ing four to five times as much as it.
producers.—Professor H- R. Kemp,
Economic Adviser, War Times PrICest
and Trade Rosa
Development of the United States
market for eertiffiedt need potatoes I
case South American markets are uc
available, because of the difficulty of
chartering boats and increased freight
and insurances, was suggested by IL..
S: McLa,i.ne, chief,. Planet Protective
Division, Dominion Department . oC
Agriculture.
Hon. 3. A. MacKinnon, Minister oC
Trade and Comnne'rce, announced im-
p—Maim of a 15 -cent a bushel pro-
cessing tax on wheat. The tarp is ex-
pected to yield` over . $20,000,000 atn-
nually. Moneys collected 'will be paid
to the Canadian Wheat Board, ani'
will hte'lp. rto meet any losses incurred
in marketing wheat for which • the
farmer has been guaranteed seventy
cents a bushel.
The basic 70 -cent guarantee will be
continued.
. With the Forces
The Department of National De-
fence has. announced that employees.
throughout Canada who go. to Non -
Permanent Active Militia Camp's or
to training ,centres wit ,htthe Reserve
'Militia, will be paid the.regular rates
for militia .service. The rate is bas-
ed on $120 per day 'for a private 'sol-
dier. There le no obligation for. em-
ployers . to pay eanvptbyees, dturdna.
their absence for training. Some em-
ployers ane doing so, but this gen-
erosity is entirely voluntary.
Office'ns .•and men of the Nop-Per-
manent Active Militia, Who may front
time to time be authorized-; by the
Minister of National Defence •ta carry
out administrative and instructional
duties, will be placed on active ser
vice by This Excellency the Governor
inCouncil and shall 'have status a*
members of 'the 0.A-S.F.'
James F. Duncan, who was named
Deputy Minister for Air•'for a three.-
Month
hree-Month period. in April, has agreed to
stay at. his post for another' three
ni'onth:s, longer if necessary. - Mr.
Duncan 'has teamed with: Hontorable
C. G. Power, Minister of National De-
fence for Air, in speeding up the Em-
pire Training Plan. He has gem
sweeping developments in the Royal
Canadian Air Force. All sdhoois ere.
connection wish 'tate Empire Plan are
expected to be completed this year-
end in operation, whereas ,the origin-
al plan had visioned these develop-
ments over. a two-year period. This.
Chas been accomplished despite the
shbrtaee dot airplanes which occurred -
when Great Britain was obliged do
stop the flow' of machines. to ,Canada,
as had ben originally planned
b -
1
•
Thee ¢ ld no its
airway JUST
LIKE
vvvvinar
eSNAPSNOT GUILD
OUTDOOR 'SILHOUETTES_
it's easy to take silhouette -snaps such‘as this in•late afternobn—and
they add interest to your album.
SILHOUETTE pictures are easy
to take outdoors, and there's an
interesting, dramatic quality about
these shots that makes them worth-
while additions to your picture col-
lection.
.Strictly speaking, a silhouette
picture consists only of black-and-
white—a black subject against a
pure white background, with all -de-
tail eliminated. There's no need,
however, to draw the line so
sharply in our picture -taking. For
eatample, observe the picture above:
There's a certain amount of detail
retained in the water, and this
helps make the picture even more
interesting. .
.nere's how the 'shot was taken.
First, the photograpilier stood at a
point where the sun was squarely
behind the tree hi the foreground.
The purpose of this 'was t0 keep
the sun from shining ibto the lens,
for that would have spoiled the pic-
ture.
Next, the photographer set his
ieils and shutter for less than nor -
Mal exposure. Sired -the time was
late afternoon, the full normal ex-
posure
xposure would have been perhaps
1/25 second at 1/8. In this case, the
exposure was.probably 1/100 see
and at 1/11 or 1/16. A snapshot ex-
posure , at this hour, using" the sec-
ond' stop opening on a box camera,
and average speed film; would also
have been just about right for the
silhouette effect.
The effect of underexposure, in
these shots, is to "black out"
sbadow detail so that. you get a
good strong silhouette. Naturally, a
subject; such as a person should
ulanally be posed in profile; then
the outline of the features v631i11
show clearly.
Ill taking silhouette pictures, re -
Member always to choose an hour
when the sun is fairly low in the
sky, have the sun squarely behind
the subject or some object in the
scene, and give leas than normal
exposure. Follow these rules, and ^
you'll get good clear silhouette
snaps that will add interest to your
album. -
291 John van Guilder