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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Huron Expositor, 1940-07-12, Page 6• •,,TUR EXPOSITOR ,. awe Italy ,has, fulfilled her eor- Ir ighe Rome -Berlin Axis and either dlesdre to extend her iutlu- in Africa where the British and ucih ,teaaritoa+i•es, come in close coni with her colonies there, as well alb .4o gain ,complete control • of the It iedditenranean, Etibilopia again. enters etl ie picture. 711lbya, one of Ltaly'a older and more lriiodnvct1ve colonies, bordens on its western, frontier Tanis and other P..; +emcih colonies; and on its eastern frontier is Egypt. • Ethlopda is the heart of East Africa, and Is of vital tmrportance to Italy. Along the 'north- ern and western troubleays, of Ethiopia lies Anglo-Egyptian Sudan with Brit- e* Kenya towards hire •south, and on the western border lice .the British and French Samlaldlands. Libya is in a lnosition to . recede -e supplies end mili- tary add with sufficient facility across a taw hundred' miles, of sea which separate it from Italy. Very' differ- ent tis the case of Ethiopia. In war between Italy and Britain, Ethiopia , mishit be cut off from Italy. The only i means of connmueication would be by radio, and by a hazardous, attempt of isolated planes to pass beyond the ragige of British anti -craft guns. or this ,reason, Ethiopia would- be obliged' to. rely on its own daily life and n'esaurces to 'resist a possible re- volt .of. the natives as well as attacks from, the enemy on 'ilio frontiers, .arid very probably, to conduct a we,r of aggression itself. That is why the situation of Ethiopia is of great interest especially as war in Europe between .Italy and the Al - Iles must needs 'be closely related to the trend of war dev'elopmenits in Africa, An Italian defeat in her col- onies would have a...profound psychol- ogical and, military repercussion in that ieountry. 'n ` I'October, 1935, Italy ,tleclared war on Haile Selasisie. .Empero'r of Ethi- opia. and on May 9, 1936, Mussolini, ..'declared that, as Addis Ababa. had •been occupied., by the Italian army, • the campaign had come to a close.1 At that,,time, however, the conquest of Ethiepia - was,. by no means com- plete. '.A large part of the ''population id'eing, in ,the innermost •regions of the-. ,country had maintained an anarehlc att'i'tude and.into those distant regions rebells and their chiefs had dlisap- • i K 9 ,. all s: (ConriatdaneSsienee Monitor) peered after the Campaign to reor- ganize their forces to resit the Ital- ian troops than were toc,silipyi g the country. It was, tiluerefore, not until the-•'•beglnninlg of 1937 that the occu- pation, bif Ethiopia could be called Complete. Has Italy been able to prepare her - new colony during the last three years for the present emeigeacy? At the time of the outbreak of 'war in Europe, there Was a good deal e f appreilensten in ,.the official circles of thecolonial government in, Addis Ababa: Had, Italy entered into the conflict then, Ethiopia would have been in a very difficult • position. The military power of that colony last September depended only on the troops which were garrisoned in Eth- iopia during normal times, and: most of the war materialconsisted of that which had been left over from the campaign., Fuel snvpplies were tow and the distance from the isburces of supply, mostly controlled' by the Bay.tish, made repleni'shmenit difficult. The menace of war had „surprised Ethiopia with only enough! of this material to carry on the military life of• the colony' for a period of time which would Dover less than a year. Another important consideration was the food: supply. Due to slow trans- portation facilities, which were often interrupted, theme was only enough wheat at that time to last the white topivlation far approximately' three months. This situation helped to cre- ate an acute nervous tension among the inhabitants. Last September, Ethiopia was un• der severe•ipolitical pressure. In sev- eral regions of the country (Amhara," Scion • and Gojjam) groups of armed natives were doing' their utmost to upset the transportation and travel along the roads. These rebels er "sah:iftas," easily dealt , with in times of peace, could u•nider . the influence of tine neighboring colonies of hostile nations represent a serous danger in wartime. At anyrate they could suc- ceed in breaking down the, resistance of troops that would be more useful .e l'sewhere. These rebels have at times 'bead she to• unite and to argandze groups{ of armed meet numbering anywhere from 2,000 to 3,000. ' It is their cus- tont always to attack Weaker units, wed *bey with never tight fore equalf to their awn.' They attack 0rna01 the - tent villages, 'Meeting all they eau flitixl a ge kxnag • •#tom Wigle • 4ai ot. 'be carted away!. Or, they massaore. workim,em, rear::rnuing from their work oia the 'roads do Dewier to •{stead rifles an thee,' at•.taek breeket. Lair Pro' visi jn . When they hear of the ar- rival of •the icodomial police troops,' and new of .this sort travels like the wind throughout the 'hostile high- lands,, they iii appear, izv such a rap- id, tricky way that the troops can find. Ino align) of these marauders. One of their ointtaatandiieg lead'ere is Abebe Regal, who at one time served, as an bgieelr in tthe army of the Negus at Addis Ababa. He is a man of good rnilitairy prieparaition Having. been In {his youth a stnhdent of the French military academy, St,- cm, ard• he has been able to adapt his training ii a cleave- •way to the effective :goer- 111, •warfare which in hes country, vast and ragged as it is, is the tra- ditional manner of figih'tleg. Thula, if last. September Italy Iliad entered the •-European conflict, .Ethi- opia, under cher Italian protectorate,, would have been obliged to Idniit herself to a purely defensive position, keeping open more important roads{ that -connect the larger cities, yet •pit'oparing firer a lengthy period of h'ardsihupe. The colonizers would{ have had to ,barricade th'emsieIves within the cities and teems and to evacuate the 'note exposed centers. A back of fuel would have made any sort of -communication so impossible that any warfare would be of a strictly defensive sort. •-Wbien the anenaee of. actual war disappeared because of the Italian de- claration of non -belligerency, prepare - tions in Ethiopia were geared to a 4dg12 speed. From .September onward each hour et. the working day has been dedicated to the organ4zation of the aelomial 'troop's for Italy' to use as a powerful weapon in an effort to prepare {herself.for not ,only main- taining li,er Ethiopian, Empire but al- so gaau4,ng • other points which are leit111 to Italy's interests in this part of Africa. Until the outbreak of the war, the 'entire .army in Ethiopia was under the sole command of General ,Caval-. Hero, formerly Under-secretary to the Ministry of War in Rome. Last Sep- tember, however, he was. transferred elsewhere,. and ,'the Duke of Aosta, King Victor Emmatuel's 'nephew, and Viceroy of Ethiopia, issued a special decree by which he assumed the exit -tire command of the colonial: armies of Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Italian Som - i • :<r 5�5 cel �e �ti10 ,1��e. oe eve v� Y EXPOSITOR CLASSIFIED RATES C per word. Minimum 25 Cents Additional insertions as'low as �/2 cent per word. V'1"1"6 Phone 41 HURON EXNSITOR Seafor. th Ontario ire :yI ' AILY32,eur s -Ir Pogo Iqq,� '.or one, , , It to a foie er. lion ItRi4Ni� PtiP cRnAd+ 4:0440, Alk rtn � IVISY 0b1ut� '�4 ° .wqg tr d'tuooat:conlinj idol. sops lucid fi la, a." ecaoriptiou. tireaaeiega, etamipae. aothee irriPitioa e04 pgd (Auk* ,tope rnteue 'Yavr ... 85. 't yfor q.'D., O. ntor PRESCRIPPT-'ION aliland. The Duke of Aosta is one of thee -most popular members of the Itaflttan a^oyad family and had had a good deal of colonial experrienee in Liblya_ t Ho formed a new mdidtery staff with General de Blase and other' geneaalls experienced' in colonial war- fare, and with, them began the re- organization taf 'the troops,, officers and of war material. ' Adiditioral ,tnodpa were sent..postihaste from It- aly, and pprovisions were sent down to Ethiopia through the Suez Canal. A survey of the EWilitary power to- day lav Ethiopia would reveal the fol- lowing armed men: ., In the city, of Aiddis;i Ababa itself, a division is gar- risoned which • is called the "Gire'na- diiers -of Sn'eo1a," It inoludes, three infantry regiments, one artillery reg- iment with portable cannons, 75wtm., antf alilcraft guns and anti-tank guns, one relgeraem't iof cavalry, one battal- lon of AIl'phinists, audi once of the "ber- sagliieri" the latter are the charac t'enistic Ital.-an speed troops). Thus, in Addis Ababa there are • about .15,- 000 soldiers, of the regular army. Ita- lien East Africa is divided into. five {different sectipns, amid the -•capitals of these are Hamar, -Gondar,-and Gimma in Etihi,ofpia, Asmara in Eritrea, and Mogadiscio' in Italian ,Somaliland. In each of these ,capitals are gae- •'ri'soneed' one or two infantry battal- ions, „so that the total of moi in these five tcapitaIs, 'amounts' to about 10,000 ,mien. Throughout the terri- tory din small fortifications ands out- posts on the frontiers there ' are 22 battalions ,of 'blacks'hirts who have volunteered for ten years{ of colonial. military -service, ,and in all they are about , 20,000. There is also an ori ganization which consists{ of military warliere. Ln •tinge• of peace they build roads, -government buildings, bridges and forts, and a•s they . are- under military discipline, in one hoiuy-'s time they-. can the changed from workers into sioldiems: These men, about 20,- 000 in all are divided into five leg- ions- in the Roman. style, eaeh legion being formed- of three '`to. seven bat- talions. There are also the pioneer "coorti'." .The latter, veterans•.,of_•the Ethiopian icamipaign, having received land from, the government i'n `comipen- sation for' their s•erv'ices are about (three thfou'sianid; and although they are for the moment tilling'' the -soil, they are. _shill armed). Besides this' arrn'Y, general nrobilizati'on in Italian East Africa would add to the regular troops another 75.000 men, 'now em- ployed' in: civil work throughout the colonies{, A rapid calculati'o'n would sliew :that in case of necessity Italy ciitrld put •together• an army of 128,- 000 white men. : Now for a survey 'o8 the native arra 'ander Italian discipline, No less than 500 battalions coultd+ be mobilize ed throughout Italian East Africa ; that in Eritrea, Ethiopia and Italian Somaliland';" -and • war` has- a strange tasici.nation fee these natives, ' Are they to be trusted? The Eritree.ne and, the Somalis, Having -served under the Italian flag for many years, are faithful,' but there is' a ..strong doubt as. to just what extent. the Ethiopian warriors. -can be counted, on as far as Italy is contemned. if' the war is one of aggressive action, .and thus hese men are, a.11owed • . to satisfy Meir marauding.tnstincts by invading new territory, they - can be counted on,. If on the other hand' the colonial•, gr vernme,nt takes, a purely defensive 'tand by holding fast within the Iarg- r cities. of Etibiopia, there is the pos- sib4ldtp that , the native' portiones Of heir troops wild become a turbulent mass and even attempt to return..;, to heir former native leaders. In order to curb the possibilities 8 rebellion among the natives dur- ng the last- few a nontbs, Italy, who rad run'til recently used force against he rebels, *came to peace terms with bebe Beget. After a lengthy con- erence with colonial Expert No. 1, eneral Nazi,. it sieems, that .Abebe agal vas .persuaded, by means, of oney, to give up his guerilla war - are and to •{rain his men to serve neer the Italian flag. This it seems e is doing for the moment, and in- tend of the execution which had een threatening him for the, last hree years, he is• now decorated by he Italian government and wealthy. ut when title tune ' comes will he cep {lids w^ord? - The problem of low food supplies hat worried, .Officials in Addis 'Ababa ast September has been tackled in he following ways: Pi -ret of all, large uantities of-,• food have been sent ream Italy in order to store up es uch as possible. Secondly, the col- n'izers are, doing their utmost to ab- ain a maximum of local. production. thiopia had for too long •a • time de - ended upon the supplies' that were emit down from, Italy, as th'e'cons•truc-' on 'of ,roads and .the 'subjugation' of he colonly seemed a More pressing atter, ' Since September; realizing the ne- essity of being ready to face a com- lete isolation from Italy, an' exten- ve cultivation; Die. the land has been carted{, U'nti:l last, year the colonial overnment handl •in Ethiopia some ex- erimen't'ai farms but theme has been ery little real mass production. The thlopiano theerrselves live on a sort of oca.li grain which they call "dire" and from wihi�eh thea'' make their read, NtF6v the Large white popuia- tion settler] in Ethiopia is being pro- vitied for bFy i the cultivation of wheat a04 potatoes, both 6f which grow rap - spaghetti and well in he,higih plateau lands ori that eoi'oney„ Mill's have, also been erceietlry ){cult emir near Addis Ababa ' spaghetti factory is now busily working, Recently the work vt hitt Hadi Iree'n lowly priyce f g on: the Hanish ver Wince, flows near Addis Abeha 2,s been neighed in, order to furnish ctrielty to the oily of Addis Ababa the smiall'-centerre'aioiig- the road Dire Dawa (redently'bombed) dem- ising on ,coat[idi oil. Last 'September the road§ were •eti�Caily ooftrieataf 1, There are * w lin "Etthiopla, clue maJ r asphalt s that lead 'from, Addis Ababa to •, s e t 0 i h t A f G R f u h 5 b t t 9 •m 0 p s ti t m 0 p sr At g p v E i F *Ai h ere hind to otn Ong mond .tee It .)rhe ' are .itie'tisido Ababa to Asi<nara, to Masaaua; Adtdis Aba:. t4rH rare aria to Goi road that! the port cc* »jit . Th {sea and • Other nndmior .>t,aari , tOt"i;taughout the ani ire allow fon a pppvi rapidsiontr an , pportation :of 'troops and Tru order to obtain, a certain amount of- control of the Red Sea and also to be in al positlor} to attack Ffeeneh an .British .naval abaseas on the, Red Sea, Italy has sent - St pauZ of her fleet to the port of Massenet. Besides the rergudar'fleet that since the Ethiopian, camaa.ign Meas been, guarding the coast toward that epert:..JtaRy has stationed a small squad ort of, •battle cruisers among which are the Tigre and Pan- ama di- Leone: There are also two fleets 'of tw eedo 'beats and about a' dozen submarines. Beside beings a base for hydroplanes there is also a fortification ,supported by artillery, for a, is their only'g'ood porn -ori the Red Sea with adequate means of conipnunicatio i with the inland teaiitory.Massau Mang with this, {hasty mtilitahy' or- ganization, the 'government in Addls Ababa. has -concentrated ion the aft• farce„ which; of ,couree, is an import tent factor in 'colonial warfare. Dur- ing the Ethiopian camipaiign in 1936 there had been little Use for purst5it planes. Since the 'outbreak , oY .the present conflict there have been at least six squadrons of these planes flown over the bordie into Ethiopia. Civil planes left there after the cam- reign, thoughslightly outmoded will be put into use. These are the Sav- o_a Marchetti type and can be used either ler troop transportation or....as bomb'e'rs. ; As we. have already seen (tai r threaten British Somaliland, and thi,y •oolonnly would be very useful to her, for 'should she succeed to occu- eyiing this cal:ay,.--which although welt defended -by its rugged territory is 'held by a ,00muparatively email num-, ber ,Of native troops{ and British offi- eteirs; she would be apposite t:h.o well - fortified port of Aden, whioh controls the eastern entrance tee the Red Sea. Here - Great Britain maintain,( an air-. base of some note, and is in a posi- tion to raid the, Ethiopian capital, Addie Ababa, with a four 'hours' flight, It is however be an attack. againet French Somaliland that the Italian troops should meet with the heaviest resits -tame. Since Mussolini's attempt at nieg8etiatians with Rance ever a year ago for the control of Djibouti, France began to reinforce her -far- away colony. She sent there twelve battadionw ,,a€• -cher Senegalese troops: thirty pai?suit planes, 21 bombers and about 80 armoured oara as well as a gcodd deal of artillery. - She also sent to the port, of ,Djibouti twtb destroy- ers, one cruiser and other.. lighter warships. The French also began to foortify the defenses( along . the fron- tier, and they prepared the territory along the road which •leads to the frontier village, Ali Sabiekt, by min- ing it; in order to blow ,up the road" and the ratlread in case of necessity. Howev'eir Djibouti also is isolated, areal this opening into the , Red Sea hats •]long been one of Mussolini's dreams. • Two other important Italian East African frontiers, are Kenya and An- glo-Egyptian Sudan., The first; be- cause: it -covers extensive territories yet unexplored and • hosti'l'e - ,the re- gion of the. great lakes that run vert- ically through' East Africa -shall probably .Dee little else than, occas- ional skirm.4shes:,betvt,een .scouting" ex- peditions of the warfaring, white na- tions.' . ••• - • Your Nor t s, AI"o'ng the Anglo-Egyptian frontier the coniflict' May become acute, On one side of the region" of the Nile there are two important Italian den- t'drs, Gondar near 'Lake Tana anal Asmara, while on the other side of the Nile there id Khartoum. A Bri- tish invasion of this territory ' that leaving Karsala would.' be directed to- wards Asmara would be disastrous to, Italy, and would' menace her Elritre- ornst in itlanatandAMites a9ift,:: W 4u.mmet ramp, Zifiih child (and groweariiies a; small tieoe on his pe,rsoau with which to rub over every new bite. The, soap takes out the 1Ing sac hegen{;; odor of the seep wad- of er raids, in that area. Findid0 Balt The Man folks at our mer 'camp., have ddsteovegeat p .. ectuick , triclr (oe finding fishing War' i They stick the prongs ,of a igardetp 'Pork inipo the': ground and, gip tlie, ead1e.Ms n *tly. snakes ak'es the ',prongs, 'cribrate under- ground and any ,worms in that lata, tion wen .pep into . sight. Protect Canoe Bottoms Canoes that most be pulled over sand and grass to a 'boathouse soon begin to show signs et wear. This, can be prevented if one cuts a long piece of ,old linole]im, fastening on to it short `nape ends to tie It -at bow and stein. This not only saves the bottom of the canoe but the smiootb linoleum makes .it easier to pull a- lnng. . Weiner Roasts When w,einers are to be roasted for at large number of picnickers, no- thipg is headier than a popcorn, pop- per of the wire mesh, open type with long handle. Held close to the coals Of the 'bonfire and kept on the move, the weiners are quickly roasted to a crisp, juicy brown. .For the Soap Dish A piece of rubber , sponge, cut to fit the soap dish, absorbs all the mois- ture and keeps the cake firm. Tbe soapy sponge, can be used from time to time to wash" rent the basin, and then rinsed , out for the soap dish again. uttons ' - -- • Fancy 'but :for summer frocks are best attachn with small safety pins, They are then easily removed for laundering and replaced after ir- ening. - If they are buttons with perforat- ed holes instead; of shanks„ use linen threadto watch the garment, and sew iii' and out of the holes until you have a firm lot of thread. The safety pin can then be slipped through this when attaching the buttons to ' the d fess. Colored Cake icing , I use a Iittl'e of the cohered powder from a 'package of jelly powder to' color my cake Icings, • Fish Odor All odor, of fish can be reproved, from dishes if a tablespoon% of vine- gar is added to the water when they are being' washed. Also, a little vin- egar added to soapy water in 'fishy' frying pans will remove the odor. Al- low the water to bail in ,the pan. for five or ten minutes, ennpty, and scour the Pan. Cabin Curtains If you Lack curtain rods for •eur- • an colony and the port of Massaua. On the other 'hand, should' Italy suc- ceed in invading the Anglo-Egyptian territory, Khartoum with its airbase Would give cher a chance to work up the Nile and to, -threaten the . ,entire Egyptian Empire, for it could be sim- ultaneousiy attaeked by teoops from the Libyan frontier. ., Consequently it may be in that re- gion, where already skirmishes are taking place, at the source of. the Nile, in the valleys of this sacred river with its torrid tent,pereture, and on the vast -surrounding deserts, that a coloniat war .• between 'Italy and the British Eimpire mays be fought. !OiretwAvERLEY LoCgtsyi on WW,1041,54,9;11. a t CioYlege •,9e .: Easy Parking Facilities' ' Convdtitent to H1ibt'1ii iys • • • Rites For Close to the Unto fty! parliane.nt t'CGvi dib nes. - Th at as * Mosapkaj,. - Who[esale Houiles,r and tho Fersblonaele Retail SnOnniRa Qletrict w, >wia.M'Q SMI.L. Mammon' i tains and object to the sagging when they are hong up with string. try" tying a • rubber fruit ring at. one end and stretching tight .'between two na . Curtains 4iil hang straigbt and, are , easily slipped on or off for laundering. 'like rubber of the .ring takes' up robe slack. A i3eauty Treatment If 'haaids becotie brown ,inti rough; from gardening, use a peeled •potato instead of soap for washing theme' They will soon be soft and • white again. • LONDON and ' WINGHAM NORTH 1034 ' 10.45 1058 12.00 11.47 '12.05 12.15 12.27 12.45 Exeter Hensall' Kippen Brucefield Clinton Londesboro Blyth. . Belgrave .. . Wingbam ' Wtinghaxa Belgrave Blyth Londes'boro Clinton Brumfield Kippen Hensall Exeter SOUTH C.N,R. Goderieh. 'I1olmes'edlle Clinton Seater* Sit. (3olummban Dublin Mitchell Mitaheli Public. Sealortbe Clinton Goderich P.li1L 1.50 2.05 2.17 2.25 3.05 3.25 3.35 3.45 3.58 TIME TABLE - EAST A.M. P.M. 6.15 2.30 6.31 2,48 6.43 3.00 6.59 3.15 7.05 3.25 7.12 3.22 7.24 3.41 WEST 11.06 11.14 11,30 11.45 12.05 9.25 • • 9.35 9.47' 10.00 10.25 C.P.R. TIME TABLE EAST - Goderieh Mensgt • McGaw Auburn Blyth Welton.- McNaught Toronto - 4.20 ....... 424 4.32 4.42 505 .. 5.15 9.00 WEST s,...., A.M..' 1.. Tdronto $.30 McNaught ...a ` Walton Blyth,, ...... .... Auburn • McGaw Menet Goderioh 12.03 12,13 1223 32:x... 12.40 12.45 12.55 ' Canada to Supply Army th Universal Carriers •r •q: Oreafeee • ease %fl F/. TJNIVERSAL - machine gun carriers will soon be added to the listof army vehicles made in Canada for the fighting forces at, hone and overseas. These are eqUi'T£nd pd arevery manoewith utreadsillar verable and speedy. They ' are armoured against small arms .AO and 'Will cart'y time Bten guns or can be used to carry atnrhunitibn, wire- less sets, and other necessary equipment. They will be produced in the 'Windsor plant of Ford Motor, Company , of Canada Limited, which has been soledtecf aa•: ct ).'ost .hible far the. row aairtiC nmof t is vehicte, s..., fig, lower\ photograph, ' Mr. t a a•ee R. Gbtt%pbela ,sideit c'f ttheCaonwditWithoriotgCnoiiDn.t C. Warrligi, . officer ,eoma1an, ig 'the Essex Tank Battalion,' Windsor, ittslleeting 'pile of the: • Uiti 'eiceai carriers. other am y vehicles Ao"w tirade . in the- Pord. plant in fP Windsor - inelude the powerful four-wheel' drive gun 'tractor pictured above: These and other types of military 'vehicles a ronino t eq see bly l�jn 0, the a Xttidd 'aciE ,;Elia{ ' 104004 is stipPl iifg•• nearly 0.:0ob `aunt to'the Canttdia'n many and another' 25,000 unite for military purposes toeaeother EMpire .governments. The plant is now being expanded by a $700,000 addition to provide feeili ee afee - 134 (1114 'C? Wessel cachet{ and to l tei'base du*- tit'n of Daket typed of teat, vehicles. d