HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Huron Expositor, 1940-07-12, Page 6• •,,TUR
EXPOSITOR ,.
awe Italy ,has, fulfilled her eor-
Ir ighe Rome -Berlin Axis and
either dlesdre to extend her iutlu-
in Africa where the British and
ucih ,teaaritoa+i•es, come in close coni
with her colonies there, as well
alb .4o gain ,complete control • of the
It iedditenranean, Etibilopia again. enters
etl ie picture.
711lbya, one of Ltaly'a older and more
lriiodnvct1ve colonies, bordens on its
western, frontier Tanis and other
P..; +emcih colonies; and on its eastern
frontier is Egypt. • Ethlopda is the
heart of East Africa, and Is of vital
tmrportance to Italy. Along the 'north-
ern and western troubleays, of Ethiopia
lies Anglo-Egyptian Sudan with Brit-
e* Kenya towards hire •south, and on
the western border lice .the British and
French Samlaldlands. Libya is in a
lnosition to . recede -e supplies end mili-
tary add with sufficient facility across
a taw hundred' miles, of sea which
separate it from Italy. Very' differ-
ent tis the case of Ethiopia. In war
between Italy and Britain, Ethiopia ,
mishit be cut off from Italy. The only i
means of connmueication would be by
radio, and by a hazardous, attempt of
isolated planes to pass beyond the
ragige of British anti -craft guns.
or this ,reason, Ethiopia would- be
obliged' to. rely on its own daily life
and n'esaurces to 'resist a possible re-
volt .of. the natives as well as attacks
from, the enemy on 'ilio frontiers, .arid
very probably, to conduct a we,r of
aggression itself.
That is why the situation of Ethiopia
is of great interest especially as war
in Europe between .Italy and the Al -
Iles must needs 'be closely related to
the trend of war dev'elopmenits in
Africa, An Italian defeat in her col-
onies would have a...profound psychol-
ogical and, military repercussion in
that ieountry.
'n `
I'October, 1935, Italy ,tleclared war
on Haile Selasisie. .Empero'r of Ethi-
opia. and on May 9, 1936, Mussolini,
..'declared that, as Addis Ababa. had
•been occupied., by the Italian army,
• the campaign had come to a close.1
At that,,time, however, the conquest
of Ethiepia - was,. by no means com-
plete. '.A large part of the ''population
id'eing, in ,the innermost •regions of the-.
,country had maintained an anarehlc
att'i'tude and.into those distant regions
rebells and their chiefs had dlisap-
• i
K
9 ,.
all s:
(ConriatdaneSsienee Monitor)
peered after the Campaign to reor-
ganize their forces to resit the Ital-
ian troops than were toc,silipyi g the
country. It was, tiluerefore, not until
the-•'•beglnninlg of 1937 that the occu-
pation, bif Ethiopia could be called
Complete.
Has Italy been able to prepare her -
new colony during the last three
years for the present emeigeacy?
At the time of the outbreak of 'war
in Europe, there Was a good deal e f
appreilensten in ,.the official circles of
thecolonial government in, Addis
Ababa: Had, Italy entered into the
conflict then, Ethiopia would have
been in a very difficult • position. The
military power of that colony last
September depended only on the
troops which were garrisoned in Eth-
iopia during normal times, and: most
of the war materialconsisted of that
which had been left over from the
campaign., Fuel snvpplies were tow
and the distance from the isburces of
supply, mostly controlled' by the
Bay.tish, made repleni'shmenit difficult.
The menace of war had „surprised
Ethiopia with only enough! of this
material to carry on the military life
of• the colony' for a period of time
which would Dover less than a year.
Another important consideration was
the food: supply. Due to slow trans-
portation facilities, which were often
interrupted, theme was only enough
wheat at that time to last the white
topivlation far approximately' three
months. This situation helped to cre-
ate an acute nervous tension among
the inhabitants.
Last September, Ethiopia was un•
der severe•ipolitical pressure. In sev-
eral regions of the country (Amhara,"
Scion • and Gojjam) groups of armed
natives were doing' their utmost to
upset the transportation and travel
along the roads. These rebels er
"sah:iftas," easily dealt , with in times
of peace, could u•nider . the influence
of tine neighboring colonies of hostile
nations represent a serous danger in
wartime. At anyrate they could suc-
ceed in breaking down the, resistance
of troops that would be more useful
.e l'sewhere.
These rebels have at times 'bead
she to• unite and to argandze groups{
of armed meet numbering anywhere
from 2,000 to 3,000. ' It is their cus-
tont always to attack Weaker units,
wed *bey with never tight fore equalf
to their awn.' They attack 0rna01 the -
tent villages, 'Meeting all they eau
flitixl a ge kxnag • •#tom Wigle • 4ai ot.
'be carted away!. Or, they massaore.
workim,em, rear::rnuing from their work
oia the 'roads do Dewier to •{stead rifles
an thee,' at•.taek breeket. Lair Pro'
visi jn . When they hear of the ar-
rival of •the icodomial police troops,'
and new of .this sort travels like
the wind throughout the 'hostile high-
lands,, they iii appear, izv such a rap-
id, tricky way that the troops can
find. Ino align) of these marauders. One
of their ointtaatandiieg lead'ere is Abebe
Regal, who at one time served, as an
bgieelr in tthe army of the Negus at
Addis Ababa. He is a man of good
rnilitairy prieparaition Having. been In
{his youth a stnhdent of the French
military academy, St,- cm, ard• he
has been able to adapt his training
ii a cleave- •way to the effective :goer-
111, •warfare which in hes country,
vast and ragged as it is, is the tra-
ditional manner of figih'tleg.
Thula, if last. September Italy Iliad
entered the •-European conflict, .Ethi-
opia, under cher Italian protectorate,,
would have been obliged to Idniit
herself to a purely defensive position,
keeping open more important roads{
that -connect the larger cities, yet
•pit'oparing firer a lengthy period of
h'ardsihupe. The colonizers would{
have had to ,barricade th'emsieIves
within the cities and teems and to
evacuate the 'note exposed centers.
A back of fuel would have made any
sort of -communication so impossible
that any warfare would be of a
strictly defensive sort.
•-Wbien the anenaee of. actual war
disappeared because of the Italian de-
claration of non -belligerency, prepare -
tions in Ethiopia were geared to a
4dg12 speed. From .September onward
each hour et. the working day has
been dedicated to the organ4zation of
the aelomial 'troop's for Italy' to use
as a powerful weapon in an effort
to prepare {herself.for not ,only main-
taining li,er Ethiopian, Empire but al-
so gaau4,ng • other points which are
leit111 to Italy's interests in this part
of Africa.
Until the outbreak of the war, the
'entire .army in Ethiopia was under
the sole command of General ,Caval-.
Hero, formerly Under-secretary to the
Ministry of War in Rome. Last Sep-
tember, however, he was. transferred
elsewhere,. and ,'the Duke of Aosta,
King Victor Emmatuel's 'nephew, and
Viceroy of Ethiopia, issued a special
decree by which he assumed the exit
-tire command of the colonial: armies
of Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Italian Som -
i •
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EXPOSITOR
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HURON EXNSITOR
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to a foie er. lion ItRi4Ni� PtiP cRnAd+
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0b1ut� '�4 ° .wqg tr d'tuooat:conlinj idol.
sops lucid fi la, a." ecaoriptiou. tireaaeiega,
etamipae. aothee irriPitioa e04 pgd (Auk* ,tope rnteue
'Yavr ... 85. 't yfor q.'D., O. ntor PRESCRIPPT-'ION
aliland. The Duke of Aosta is one
of thee -most popular members of the
Itaflttan a^oyad family and had had a
good deal of colonial experrienee in
Liblya_ t Ho formed a new mdidtery
staff with General de Blase and other'
geneaalls experienced' in colonial war-
fare, and with, them began the re-
organization taf 'the troops,, officers
and of war material. ' Adiditioral
,tnodpa were sent..postihaste from It-
aly, and pprovisions were sent down
to Ethiopia through the Suez Canal.
A survey of the EWilitary power to-
day lav Ethiopia would reveal the fol-
lowing armed men: ., In the city, of
Aiddis;i Ababa itself, a division is gar-
risoned which • is called the "Gire'na-
diiers -of Sn'eo1a," It inoludes, three
infantry regiments, one artillery reg-
iment with portable cannons, 75wtm.,
antf alilcraft guns and anti-tank guns,
one relgeraem't iof cavalry, one battal-
lon of AIl'phinists, audi once of the "ber-
sagliieri" the latter are the charac
t'enistic Ital.-an speed troops). Thus,
in Addis Ababa there are • about .15,-
000 soldiers, of the regular army. Ita-
lien East Africa is divided into. five
{different sectipns, amid the -•capitals of
these are Hamar, -Gondar,-and Gimma
in Etihi,ofpia, Asmara in Eritrea, and
Mogadiscio' in Italian ,Somaliland.
In each of these ,capitals are gae-
•'ri'soneed' one or two infantry battal-
ions, „so that the total of moi in
these five tcapitaIs, 'amounts' to about
10,000 ,mien. Throughout the terri-
tory din small fortifications ands out-
posts on the frontiers there ' are 22
battalions ,of 'blacks'hirts who have
volunteered for ten years{ of colonial.
military -service, ,and in all they are
about , 20,000. There is also an ori
ganization which consists{ of military
warliere. Ln •tinge• of peace they build
roads, -government buildings, bridges
and forts, and a•s they . are- under
military discipline, in one hoiuy-'s time
they-. can the changed from workers
into sioldiems: These men, about 20,-
000 in all are divided into five leg-
ions- in the Roman. style, eaeh legion
being formed- of three '`to. seven bat-
talions. There are also the pioneer
"coorti'." .The latter, veterans•.,of_•the
Ethiopian icamipaign, having received
land from, the government i'n `comipen-
sation for' their s•erv'ices are about
(three thfou'sianid; and although they
are for the moment tilling'' the -soil,
they are. _shill armed). Besides this'
arrn'Y, general nrobilizati'on in Italian
East Africa would add to the regular
troops another 75.000 men, 'now em-
ployed' in: civil work throughout the
colonies{, A rapid calculati'o'n would
sliew :that in case of necessity Italy
ciitrld put •together• an army of 128,-
000 white men. :
Now for a survey 'o8 the native
arra 'ander Italian discipline, No less
than 500 battalions coultd+ be mobilize
ed throughout Italian East Africa ;
that in Eritrea, Ethiopia and Italian
Somaliland';" -and • war` has- a strange
tasici.nation fee these natives, ' Are
they to be trusted? The Eritree.ne
and, the Somalis, Having -served under
the Italian flag for many years, are
faithful,' but there is' a ..strong doubt
as. to just what extent. the Ethiopian
warriors. -can be counted, on as far
as Italy is contemned. if' the war is
one of aggressive action, .and thus
hese men are, a.11owed • . to satisfy
Meir marauding.tnstincts by invading
new territory, they - can be counted
on,. If on the other hand' the colonial•,
gr vernme,nt takes, a purely defensive
'tand by holding fast within the Iarg-
r cities. of Etibiopia, there is the pos-
sib4ldtp that , the native' portiones Of
heir troops wild become a turbulent
mass and even attempt to return..;, to
heir former native leaders.
In order to curb the possibilities
8 rebellion among the natives dur-
ng the last- few a nontbs, Italy, who
rad run'til recently used force against
he rebels, *came to peace terms with
bebe Beget. After a lengthy con-
erence with colonial Expert No. 1,
eneral Nazi,. it sieems, that .Abebe
agal vas .persuaded, by means, of
oney, to give up his guerilla war -
are and to •{rain his men to serve
neer the Italian flag. This it seems
e is doing for the moment, and in-
tend of the execution which had
een threatening him for the, last
hree years, he is• now decorated by
he Italian government and wealthy.
ut when title tune ' comes will he
cep {lids w^ord? -
The problem of low food supplies
hat worried, .Officials in Addis 'Ababa
ast September has been tackled in
he following ways: Pi -ret of all, large
uantities of-,• food have been sent
ream Italy in order to store up es
uch as possible. Secondly, the col-
n'izers are, doing their utmost to ab-
ain a maximum of local. production.
thiopia had for too long •a • time de -
ended upon the supplies' that were
emit down from, Italy, as th'e'cons•truc-'
on 'of ,roads and .the 'subjugation' of
he colonly seemed a More pressing
atter, '
Since September; realizing the ne-
essity of being ready to face a com-
lete isolation from Italy, an' exten-
ve
cultivation; Die. the land has been
carted{, U'nti:l last, year the colonial
overnment handl •in Ethiopia some ex-
erimen't'ai farms but theme has been
ery little real mass production. The
thlopiano theerrselves live on a sort
of oca.li grain which they call "dire"
and from wihi�eh thea'' make their
read, NtF6v the Large white popuia-
tion settler] in Ethiopia is being pro-
vitied for bFy i the cultivation of wheat
a04 potatoes, both 6f which grow rap -
spaghetti
and well in he,higih plateau lands
ori
that eoi'oney„ Mill's have, also been
erceietlry ){cult emir near Addis Ababa
' spaghetti factory is now busily
working,
Recently the work vt hitt Hadi Iree'n
lowly priyce f g on: the Hanish
ver Wince, flows near Addis Abeha
2,s been neighed in, order to furnish
ctrielty to the oily of Addis Ababa
the smiall'-centerre'aioiig- the road
Dire Dawa (redently'bombed) dem-
ising on ,coat[idi oil.
Last 'September the road§ were
•eti�Caily ooftrieataf 1, There are
* w lin "Etthiopla, clue maJ r asphalt
s that lead 'from, Addis Ababa to
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.tee It .)rhe ' are .itie'tisido
Ababa to Asi<nara, to Masaaua;
Adtdis Aba:.
t4rH rare
aria to Goi
road that!
the port cc* »jit .
Th {sea and • Other nndmior .>t,aari ,
tOt"i;taughout the ani ire allow fon a
pppvi
rapidsiontr an
, pportation :of 'troops and
Tru order to obtain, a certain amount
of- control of the Red Sea and also
to be in al positlor} to attack Ffeeneh
an .British .naval abaseas on the, Red
Sea, Italy has sent - St pauZ of her fleet
to the port of Massenet. Besides the
rergudar'fleet that since the Ethiopian,
camaa.ign Meas been, guarding the coast
toward that epert:..JtaRy has stationed
a small squad ort of, •battle cruisers
among which are the Tigre and Pan-
ama di- Leone: There are also two
fleets 'of tw eedo 'beats and about a'
dozen submarines. Beside beings a
base for hydroplanes there is also a
fortification ,supported by artillery,
for a, is their only'g'ood porn
-ori the Red Sea with adequate means
of conipnunicatio i with the inland
teaiitory.Massau
Mang with this, {hasty mtilitahy' or-
ganization, the 'government in Addls
Ababa. has -concentrated ion the aft•
farce„ which; of ,couree, is an import
tent factor in 'colonial warfare. Dur-
ing the Ethiopian camipaiign in 1936
there had been little Use for purst5it
planes. Since the 'outbreak , oY .the
present conflict there have been at
least six squadrons of these planes
flown over the bordie into Ethiopia.
Civil planes left there after the cam-
reign, thoughslightly outmoded will
be put into use. These are the Sav-
o_a Marchetti type and can be used
either ler troop transportation or....as
bomb'e'rs. ;
As we. have already seen (tai r
threaten British Somaliland, and
thi,y •oolonnly would be very useful to
her, for 'should she succeed to occu-
eyiing this cal:ay,.--which although
welt defended -by its rugged territory
is 'held by a ,00muparatively email num-,
ber ,Of native troops{ and British offi-
eteirs; she would be apposite t:h.o well -
fortified port of Aden, whioh controls
the eastern entrance tee the Red Sea.
Here - Great Britain maintain,( an air-.
base of some note, and is in a posi-
tion to raid the, Ethiopian capital,
Addie Ababa, with a four 'hours' flight,
It is however be an attack. againet
French Somaliland that the Italian
troops should meet with the heaviest
resits -tame. Since Mussolini's attempt
at nieg8etiatians with Rance ever a
year ago for the control of Djibouti,
France began to reinforce her -far-
away colony. She sent there twelve
battadionw ,,aۥ -cher Senegalese troops:
thirty pai?suit planes, 21 bombers and
about 80 armoured oara as well as a
gcodd deal of artillery. - She also sent
to the port, of ,Djibouti twtb destroy-
ers, one cruiser and other.. lighter
warships. The French also began to
foortify the defenses( along . the fron-
tier, and they prepared the territory
along the road which •leads to the
frontier village, Ali Sabiekt, by min-
ing it; in order to blow ,up the road"
and the ratlread in case of necessity.
Howev'eir Djibouti also is isolated,
areal this opening into the , Red Sea
hats •]long been one of Mussolini's
dreams.
•
Two other important Italian East
African frontiers, are Kenya and An-
glo-Egyptian Sudan., The first; be-
cause: it -covers extensive territories
yet unexplored and • hosti'l'e - ,the re-
gion of the. great lakes that run vert-
ically through' East Africa -shall
probably .Dee little else than, occas-
ional skirm.4shes:,betvt,een .scouting" ex-
peditions of the warfaring, white na-
tions.' . •••
-
•
Your Nor t s,
AI"o'ng the Anglo-Egyptian frontier
the coniflict' May become acute, On
one side of the region" of the Nile
there are two important Italian den-
t'drs, Gondar near 'Lake Tana anal
Asmara, while on the other side of
the Nile there id Khartoum. A Bri-
tish invasion of this territory ' that
leaving Karsala would.' be directed to-
wards Asmara would be disastrous to,
Italy, and would' menace her Elritre-
ornst in
itlanatandAMites a9ift,:: W 4u.mmet ramp,
Zifiih child (and groweariiies a;
small tieoe on his pe,rsoau with which
to rub over every new bite. The, soap
takes out the 1Ing sac hegen{;;
odor of the seep wad- of er
raids, in that area.
Findid0 Balt
The Man folks at our mer 'camp.,
have ddsteovegeat p .. ectuick , triclr (oe
finding fishing War' i They stick
the prongs ,of a igardetp 'Pork inipo the':
ground and, gip tlie, ead1e.Ms n *tly.
snakes ak'es the ',prongs, 'cribrate under-
ground
and any ,worms in that lata,
tion wen .pep into . sight.
Protect Canoe Bottoms
Canoes that most be pulled over
sand and grass to a 'boathouse soon
begin to show signs et wear. This,
can be prevented if one cuts a long
piece of ,old linole]im, fastening on
to it short `nape ends to tie It -at bow
and stein. This not only saves the
bottom of the canoe but the smiootb
linoleum makes .it easier to pull a-
lnng. .
Weiner Roasts
When w,einers are to be roasted
for at large number of picnickers, no-
thipg is headier than a popcorn, pop-
per of the wire mesh, open type with
long handle. Held close to the coals
Of the 'bonfire and kept on the move,
the weiners are quickly roasted to a
crisp, juicy brown.
.For the Soap Dish
A piece of rubber , sponge, cut to
fit the soap dish, absorbs all the mois-
ture and keeps the cake firm. Tbe
soapy sponge, can be used from time
to time to wash" rent the basin, and
then rinsed , out for the soap dish
again.
uttons ' -
-- • Fancy 'but :for summer frocks
are best attachn with small safety
pins, They are then easily removed
for laundering and replaced after ir-
ening. -
If they are buttons with perforat-
ed holes instead; of shanks„ use linen
threadto watch the garment, and
sew iii' and out of the holes until you
have a firm lot of thread. The safety
pin can then be slipped through this
when attaching the buttons to ' the
d fess.
Colored Cake icing ,
I use a Iittl'e of the cohered powder
from a 'package of jelly powder to'
color my cake Icings,
• Fish Odor
All odor, of fish can be reproved,
from dishes if a tablespoon% of vine-
gar is added to the water when they
are being' washed. Also, a little vin-
egar added to soapy water in 'fishy'
frying pans will remove the odor. Al-
low the water to bail in ,the pan. for
five or ten minutes, ennpty, and scour
the Pan.
Cabin Curtains
If you Lack curtain rods for •eur-
•
an colony and the port of Massaua.
On the other 'hand, should' Italy suc-
ceed in invading the Anglo-Egyptian
territory, Khartoum with its airbase
Would give cher a chance to work up
the Nile and to, -threaten the . ,entire
Egyptian Empire, for it could be sim-
ultaneousiy attaeked by teoops from
the Libyan frontier. .,
Consequently it may be in that re-
gion, where already skirmishes are
taking place, at the source of. the
Nile, in the valleys of this sacred
river with its torrid tent,pereture, and
on the vast -surrounding deserts, that
a coloniat war .• between 'Italy and
the British Eimpire mays be fought.
!OiretwAvERLEY
LoCgtsyi on WW,1041,54,9;11.
a t CioYlege •,9e .:
Easy Parking Facilities'
' Convdtitent to H1ibt'1ii iys
• •
•
Rites
For
Close to the Unto fty!
parliane.nt t'CGvi dib nes. -
Th at as * Mosapkaj,. -
Who[esale Houiles,r and
tho Fersblonaele Retail
SnOnniRa Qletrict
w, >wia.M'Q SMI.L. Mammon'
i
tains and object to the sagging when
they are hong up with string. try"
tying a • rubber fruit ring at. one end
and stretching tight .'between two
na . Curtains 4iil hang straigbt
and, are , easily slipped on or off for
laundering. 'like rubber of the .ring
takes' up robe slack.
A i3eauty Treatment
If 'haaids becotie brown ,inti rough;
from gardening, use a peeled •potato
instead of soap for washing theme'
They will soon be soft and • white
again. •
LONDON and ' WINGHAM
NORTH
1034 '
10.45
1058
12.00
11.47
'12.05
12.15
12.27
12.45
Exeter
Hensall'
Kippen
Brucefield
Clinton
Londesboro
Blyth. .
Belgrave .. .
Wingbam '
Wtinghaxa
Belgrave
Blyth
Londes'boro
Clinton
Brumfield
Kippen
Hensall
Exeter
SOUTH
C.N,R.
Goderieh.
'I1olmes'edlle
Clinton
Seater*
Sit. (3olummban
Dublin
Mitchell
Mitaheli
Public.
Sealortbe
Clinton
Goderich
P.li1L
1.50
2.05
2.17
2.25
3.05
3.25
3.35
3.45
3.58
TIME TABLE
- EAST
A.M. P.M.
6.15 2.30
6.31 2,48
6.43 3.00
6.59 3.15
7.05 3.25
7.12 3.22
7.24 3.41
WEST
11.06
11.14
11,30
11.45
12.05
9.25
• • 9.35
9.47'
10.00
10.25
C.P.R. TIME TABLE
EAST -
Goderieh
Mensgt •
McGaw
Auburn
Blyth
Welton.-
McNaught
Toronto -
4.20
....... 424
4.32
4.42
505
.. 5.15
9.00
WEST s,....,
A.M..' 1..
Tdronto $.30
McNaught ...a `
Walton
Blyth,, ...... ....
Auburn •
McGaw
Menet
Goderioh
12.03
12,13
1223
32:x...
12.40
12.45
12.55 '
Canada to Supply Army th Universal Carriers
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TJNIVERSAL - machine gun
carriers will soon be added
to the listof army vehicles made
in Canada for the fighting forces
at, hone and overseas. These are
eqUi'T£nd pd arevery manoewith utreadsillar
verable and
speedy. They ' are armoured
against small arms .AO and 'Will
cart'y time Bten guns or can be
used to carry atnrhunitibn, wire-
less sets, and other necessary
equipment. They will be produced
in the 'Windsor plant of Ford
Motor, Company , of Canada
Limited, which has been soledtecf
aa•: ct ).'ost .hible far the. row
aairtiC nmof t is vehicte, s..., fig,
lower\ photograph, ' Mr. t a a•ee
R. Gbtt%pbela ,sideit c'f ttheCaonwditWithoriotgCnoiiDn.t C.
Warrligi, . officer ,eoma1an, ig 'the
Essex Tank Battalion,' Windsor,
ittslleeting 'pile of the: • Uiti 'eiceai
carriers. other am y vehicles
Ao"w tirade . in the- Pord. plant in
fP
Windsor - inelude the powerful
four-wheel' drive gun 'tractor
pictured above: These and other
types of military 'vehicles a
ronino t eq see bly l�jn 0,
the a Xttidd 'aciE ,;Elia{ ' 104004
is stipPl iifg•• nearly 0.:0ob `aunt
to'the Canttdia'n many and another'
25,000 unite for military purposes
toeaeother EMpire .governments.
The plant is now being expanded
by a $700,000 addition to provide
feeili ee afee - 134 (1114 'C? Wessel
cachet{ and to l tei'base du*-
tit'n of Daket typed of teat,
vehicles.
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