HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Huron Expositor, 1940-03-01, Page 6•
asure
g miles of 4101'1203.Y
laine
of travellers have
•Tv -echoed this request
Ithan of the eentury. Tossed
dangerous contraptions
at the Eid e of muddy
,e,..althe demand or gasoline has
d0.41,f)-7k,-10; tramet,ous chorus voie-
ed every few seeonde along 'the net -
Wart , ,of gravel atit„d ttaterete. Night
and day at amadreda of scattered
-points thousands of gallons of fuel
pour into the tanks of sleek and polite
edit' Machines, truck*, buses and jal-
opies.
For two decades now this ever
. growing demand. late made the gaesee
line pump a familiar sig onee the
streets land highways. c.; 140
when wthat was probably the lust
Canadian fiLlingestation opened at the
corner of Smythe and Sambie Streets
in Vancouver the pumps have stead-
ily multiplied in number and spread
out their tanks, singly and in chs-
teza, along the paths of the 'motonist.
Over 61),000 of theta are now in ser-
vice throughout the Dominion. The
tall red or gold or green shapes loam
anexpeettecily on bush trails. cluster
eloee to the oil wells of Alberta, aid
the motorists at points as far north
Le pale in Manitoba and Mitestas-
as
•
044, Pg. .,94cto
.00 tP-Itakitte4troi ptater t
Ott,e1,04. , s**61ofi-yr time, e5r.
have itrOpPotmed
tandecope a41:1 brought to hundreds of
Atztoonue4-ratte,Rdi41140:--eMiPlwniervt,-
culler to this ,ceatury , •
a %rowing in nuinbet the .gasciline
puma has undergone a process of ev-
elation comp9able to that -of the ve-
hicle it serves. Vanishing witateits
select clientele of begoggled and
peak -capped drivers the .original crude
piston type pump has been followed
...by . other and more elaborate raodels.
Motertists willerememher the blind
live gallon type vamptli.ilatA did totem,
service during the days t elt mass pre -
auction hrat began to end the horse
•and 'baggy era. Still busily piping
fuel to thirsty tanks in' the Clear Vi-
sion, pump which was introduced as
long ago as 1915. Shaped like minia-
ture lighthouses with their five or ten
gallon glass tanks in full view of the
motorist, this type held unchalleng-
ed sway until the meter typo pump
began to. supplant it in 1929. Popu-
lar with motorists the Clear Vision
Neap had one major fault -it was a
fire hazard. Wrecked by •careless
'motorists -many . of them haie burst
into flames with fatal reeuIls But
not even, the meter machin with
their dial faces and illuminated glebes
gave the desired satisfaction and in
1935 they too began to disappear with
the adVent of the Computer type ma-
chine.
As la merchandising problem
tailliDg gasoline has few equals. High-
ly inflammable, the -liquid can neither
be parkagednor handled Customers..
run out of it anywhere and Want to
buy it everywhere. The simplest
way. to sell it is in even gallons, but
motorists also want it in fractions of
on. Madly prefer buying an ev-
-- ;Aolliar's Worth or quantities suffici-
ent
• balance the value of their loose
eh . Fluetuatimg taxes are con-
tinually changing its price.and most
of the customers arrive in a thurry
and leave in hurry.
The Computer type pump is the
first machine to neater all these dif-
ficulties. A mechanical robot, it com-
bines,• all the virtues demanded by
the motorist, the Fire Marshals' As-
saciatiot of Canada, the Weights and
Measures Inspection Service of the
Dr. Chase's Nerve Food
,old Department of Trade and]. Com-
merce, the attendant and the oil com-
panies. Operating with the predation
of a Swift movement, its 1,100 odd
petits not only dispense fuel in any
desired number of gallons or fractions
of a gallon, but stimultanieously regis-
ter the total cost at any fixed price
per {gallom,. Additional refinements in
the form „of an inter -locking switch
and a "radioerye" prevent the pump
funetioniaig until the cash total of
the ,preAttus ,•sale has been returned
to a row of Zeros and allow the ,pur-
chaser to check the even flow of fuel.
Changes in dile price of, gasoline are
taken are of by easy adjustments to
the 'Computing machinery and a bell
rings to warn the customer each time
a gallon has passed into this. tank.
Stripped of their brightly ' enamel-
led casings, the„ratatt., Salesmen pre-
sent an interesting anatomy Of in-
geniously arranged] parts. Connected
to the five hundredagalloh or more
storage tanks installed for gaiety be-
low street level is an electrically op-
erated gear type pump. Free from
sliding vanes, packing glands, belts
and other troublesome paraphernalia
associated with pumps, it has only
two moving parts-. In, operation it
pulls a, steady stream of fuel up
front the storage tanks and forces it
through filters and air traps into a
meter. Here a set of four horizontal-
ly arranged displacenient-PiThans os-
cillated :by the aiming gasoline re -
ONTARiO
IMPORTANT NOTICE
TO MOTOR VEHICLE
OWNERS and DRIVERS
0,1
must secure your
1940 Plates
and
Driver's License
Before MARCH 31st .
•
NO EXTENSION OF TIME WILL BE GRANTED!
For the convenience of motorists, 1940 registration
plates and drivers' licenses are now'available No exten-
sion of time for Ilse of1939 plates and licenses beyond
the date of expiry (March 31st) will be granted. The
forms of application for renewal of permits and licenses
will be found on the back of those issued for 1939.
Secure your 1940 plates now and renew your driver's
license at the same time.
MOTOR VEHICLES BRANCH
DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS, ONTARIO
P.C.V.
OPERATORS:
All public
commercial
vehicle licenses
expire
MARCH 31st
,
wont17,,emistry
trued from Page 3)
(dawn and agriculture was still a
primitive art.
The -fakeers of lieltain, in that
fourth decaede of the nineteenth
eex-
tury still relied Chiefly on Farmyard
manure for the replenishment of the
Steil even though they found it increas-
ingly drift/milt to Maintaineeroayields•
by this means.. Some progressive far-
mers used doansely ground bones as a
supplementary fe•rtilizer and found
slight improvement. Nitrate of soda
woe imported in email qaalitities
from Chile and for those who could
afford it this product demonstrated
Some •dennite value. Thore may have
been talk,,among•farmere of the donne
trYside of the necessity fo.r discover-
ing some -method to prevent soil ex-
haustion, but a scientific approach to
the -subject was net generally consid-
ered the answer. No farmer knew it,
but what crops needed most was a
source •of available phosphate. . •
Then in 1840, at the same time that
Lawes was working in his barnyard
laboratory, a natural solution for the
British farm problem seemed to be
.szight. From another South Ameri-
can country, Peru, came guano, the
decayed remains and excreta of sea
fowl. Because of its ;high content of
nitrogen and phosphorus this natural
South Anietican fertilizer gained rea-
dy acceptance and gave the British
farmer his first experience with a
quick -acting source of phosphorusin
promoting croirgrowth. By 1846 the
annual 'imports of guano bad reached
-a total of 247,446 tons and, the British
farmer was liberally feeding his hun-
gry soil. It was, therefore,witligreet-
dismay that he fouad, in 1880, that
the Pettuvianaguano :deposits were
near exhaustion. By this time, how-
ever, science had commenced to ere'
ate for the farmer- what nature had
failed 'to ..supply, at least in sufficient
quantities.
Two years after his first experi-
,.
meets Lawes had patented his 'super-
phosphate process and in 1g43 he op-
ened the world's first fertilizer fac-
tory at Deptford'. The infant science
hacl atlast. come to the rescue af the
tillers ef the sail,
4.4.01..Pg "1,04 IM*6 as 'Or ,17W1,40, -e
erialt 'Awes laiSir itnr4ed NB atu
ion to the More plentiful el,Wptles
mineral phosphatee, Oota10.• col*,
Mee front Siff 416.44 0840113114ge"
shire, . Meanwhile he had ancosed04
to the' owne•iiErhip of the ftothamete51
estate and dedicated his items to the
• oause of agrioulturki research, be-,
ginning in 1842 the' dueled experi-
ment§ -wheat in the Broadibalk field
and toots in the barn field -which
have continued without change in
crop but with the necessary variation
in fertilization ever Mace. •
While Lawes was supplying super-
phosphate to 'fertilize the fields of
England, ,the fanners were gratin:ally
coming to recognize the need.For otth
.er constitueelits .4n. ;their fertilisers.
Nitrogen was early recognized as an
important aid to Iplant 'growth, !sule
photos of ammonia .beiag,mentioned as
far back as 1795, •by the Earl of
Dundonald who' wrote, " . this]
Salt is very 'soluble, and promotes
vegetation; , but lit is not to be had
in ,sueli quantities as to render it an
article of importance to agriculture."
By 1875, however, sulphate of am-
monia fronal coke] ovens .was avail-
able irt large quantities and became
the ,mostimportant source for nitro-
gen. 13apriduct sulphate of ammonia
is today a valuable Canadian, asset
Midis one of the chief sources of nit-
rogen in the domestic fertilizer in-
dustry. It is a strange paradox that
while- the 'atmosphere consists of a-
bout 78 per cent. nitnogen, plants sur-
rounded by it may starve for lack of
it. Certain plants possess the ability
to collect atmospheric nitrogen
through the 'medtiuna of bacteria liv-
ing in nodules on the root's, but the,
great majority of plants have no way
of absorbing it except through the
soil.
With the development of super-
phosphate and the securing 'of nitro-
gen, mainly from nitrate of soda pri-
or to 1875, the announcement by von
Liebig in 1860 of the fertilizing 'value
of potash made possible the complete
modern fertilizer. • Novi, as then, sup-
erphosphate -foints the base of prac-
tically all fertilizer mixtures and the Mitchell
discovery and, development of these
three constituents forms the founda-
tion of the fertilizer industry.. There
have been, however, a successtott of
new Idiseeveries, and soil science is
still a growing, advancing study. As
the metallurgist continues to work to
improve modern' metals, so the soil
chemist •dontinues tolabour to im-
prove the plants' which provide food
and colour for modern living.
In 1888, when Dr. Shutt •was in Eur
ope, Hellreigel and Wilfarth, of B'ern
burg made„ what was to 'scientists and,
agriculturists the momentous discov-
ery that plants of the botanical order
Legaminosae, clover, alfalfa, beans,
peas and vetches, are able to utilize
atmospheric nitrogen. On 'his return
to Canada Dr. Shutt lost no time in
putting •the theory to the test and he
was the first to establish thfs im-
portant phase ' of soil imprev,ement on
a solid, scientific foundation in. Can-
ada. Thus was another ehapter writ-
ten in' the story of soil chemistry.
volve a donnecting red leading to the
computing maehinery. Thus started
the "brain".. of the robot, a can:pH-
catedi arrangement of came, gear and
'spinning ,numbered bands that ac-
counts for most of th 1,100 laarts,
measureei the gallonage and calcu-
lates the value of the purchase with
an exactness and. speed beyond the
reach of the ablest accountant.
The pump's accuracy depends .upon
the -most rigid standards of manufac-
ture. All the meter parts which gov-
ern the measurement of the mixture
are fabricated to a ten -thousandth of
an inch. Here highleeekilled work-
men check and recheck the- measure-
ments of the meter parts until' they
Conform; exactly' with the master mo-
del. Made frombronzeand cast ir-
on the meter parts are unn.ffectedi by
changes in temperature and the een-
stant, .contact with gasoline. Test
pumps .thave dea1twith over 3,000,-
000 gallons of fuel --with no ch.an.ge.ire
their accuracy, while many -in „actual
service have dispensed over 1,000;000
gallons at the same rigid standards.No pump though can quite defeat
Dame Nature, and the Weights and
Measures Inspection Service allows a
toletaace which approximates, four
gallons per 1,000 to take care of den-
sity changes an the gaseliae caused
by temperature and pressure d•iffer-
ences in the atmosphere. But even
many of these can he ,compeneated
by a special micrometer adjustment
fitted to the meter.
1
WELL COOKED LIVER
Liver is a popular m•e•at in most.
Canadian ouselfolde. Time w a s
when there were just two kinds of
liver; that from very young and that
from very old animals. Today there
are also yearlings being slaughtered.
And, unfortunately, there's a let of
lamb and beef liver being sold for
veal liver. All these make good Mod,
but no one w•ants, to pay a veal price
(in the neighborhood of 50 cents
pound) for a ,1,;keer Article.
And although the price of veal liver
has skyrocketed, that of most other
liver items bus remained reasonable.
Pork, .beer and iamb liver are quite as
valuable sources of iron and vitamins
'as is veal and they are very much
cheaper. Properly ptepared ,all these
are very palatable.
At my --home We prefee-lamb',s liver
to all other kinds. It's not narly 50
expensive or so well known aa•calves'
liver. But once you try it, slowly
cooking the thin slices, that have
been .dusted with seasoned flour, in
hot bacon fat until done to your taste,
you'll wish that you had tried it be-
fore. •
'Beef liver, too, is inexpensive and
highly nutritious. When buying it,
be sure that it" has come from a beef
creature that iliate ea quality brand.
vatae or grade stamped. en it. •
To Cook Liver
Cookery Specialists haVe a rule re-
garding the, cookIntt of liver. They
say that we should broil a tender
youn,g,liver; braise an old one. Nine
out of ten people overcook liv!, and
hence put on the table a diSh about
which no one IS very enthusiastic.
Liver should be ,cooked' at a Moderate
temperature„ and only long ,enough to
make the red !eolor disappear.
• Liver is ;delicious served alone; .or
with -bacon, or in a liver and rice
loaf, or scalloped with potatoes. And,
of course, 'there are dozens of other
delicious preparations, just a fete of
tehicliCave iiroggett. • •
"••
Keeps
STOVE'
iookity'
*
111
LONDON and WINGHAiii
NORTH-...
A.M.
Exeter 1044
Hausa:11 10.46
Klppen 10.51
Brueefield 11.001'
Clinton 11.47
Landesboro •." 12.01
Myth 12.16
Beilgrave 12.27
Wingham -12.45
SOUTH ,
P.M.
Wingham 1.58
Belgra,ve 1.01
2.17
2.21
3.03
3.28
3.31
Het:mall3.45
Exeter 11.516
Blyth
Landesboro
Clinton
Bnacedield
Kipper
C.N.R.
TINE
CAST
TABLE
A.M. P.11.
Godericb 6.15 218
Holmesville 6.31 2.48
C lin tot, 6.43 ' 2.06
Seaforth 6.59 SAO
St. Oolumban ... 7.05 321
Dublin 7.12 3.20
7.24 1.41
WEST
M i tchell 11.06 1.23
Dublin 11.14 110
Seaforth ...'.... 11.30 2.47 '
Olinton 11.45 mai
Goderieb 12.05 '10.25
C.P.R. TOTE TABLE
EAST
'
GOdeatteh • • •
4.20
Mersa4.24
McCaw 4,33
A uho rn 4.41
Blyth 4.01
Walton 5.05
McNaught . ... 5.15
Toronto. 9.00
oronto 0.29
:VI cNatz ght. 12.03
Walton 1113
Myth 12J1
kuburn 1131
McGraw 12.40
Menset 12.48
rIoderien . 12.55
• WEST
qeSN.APSHOT GU 11D
PICTURES BY HOME LIGHTING
A one -second time exposure was'ample for this, with a box camera, high-
speed film, and 1001watt bulb in lamp.
PHOTO bulbs -either the flood' or
flash type -are used for most in-
door pictures at night. However,
such picturecan also be taken by
ordinary homelighting , even with
cameras that don't have 'feat lenses.
The only difference is in the time
of exposure. With the photo bulbs,'
you can make snapshot exposures. -
But with ordinary service barn";
short time exposures . are needed,
unless the camera has a fast lens.
Now that we have modern high
speed films, the exposures required
are quite short ...especially if the
.a•Ubject is near the light source. For
,eirmsle,I.,not9 the pitture above.
The child's iat8 1P Ant one loot
from the light, whicii 0 ordinary
100 -watt bulb. Therefore, 02'.0- txPO'
sure of 1 second was aniple, usieg
box camera loaded with high speed
fllm.. Slightly leas exposure would
have sufficed.
Time exposures are about as easy
to take as slittpahots-but you must
remember to have the camera on
firm, solid Support. That' § to insure
, against aceidental-lifovetnent °dur-
ing exposure. If either the Subject
Orl the camera moves, the picture
will be -blurred.
The farther the subject is from
the light, the longer you must ex-
pose. Suppose, in the picture above.,
the child was '11'Ve or six feet.pona
the light. Then, with a box camera
and high speed film, the exposure
would have been 10 to 20 seconds.
Excellent exposure guides are
now available for pictures by regu-
lar home lighting..These are helpful
in taking pictures of people, still-Mfe
shots, table -top scenes, and tio forth,.
They also provide a guide for pic-
turing the rooms of the home; and,
of course, rooms look more natural
then photographed with the normal
lighting.
Some .eyen,ing soon, load. 'up your _
it series of pictUt02
Mica, Ettll high speed film and try
regular home
lighting. Watch for "011 gin •,Pler
iur6 chances -members of the
ly sitting quietly Under a lamp, read-
ing or sewing. A quick time expo-
sure of a second or so will get them..
Shoot a few "interiors," showing dif-
ferent rooms Of the house - and
maybe. a table -top picture �r twit.
It's easy -and ran -find more sub-
jects than yott think.
211 • ' John van Guilder
'
IT!
11'
itt