HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Huron Expositor, 1937-01-15, Page 6ale
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11 *TT{! , t pis }}��,,i ,e�i�'il �I ilY 7'�l i�• ai Ni��'���, ��'.4f �,��i4 ��"n��i� tl 4�i
'eheme Claim That
q rianent Sglutlon
'Seef Poverty In
of Plenty.
'11 Creed, M.Sc.)
Cl)ordinn to official figures the
italic debt of Canada, national, pro-
cna,l ' 0nd municipal, is now about
,1)i11•fom, 964 million dollars and it
;lh still increasing. I venture to say
'that there are few people wbio ser-
3'ou&1y believe that this huge debt can
ever be paid.
Any private business, if it is to s
ur-
five, must show a proper balance be-
-Moen Income ands expenditures. It
would seem that for the business of
the nation none of the rules apply.
We are, supposed to be able to oper-
ate a drawing account, borrowing our
way to prosperity. In the meantime,
out of a total public revenue of 818
million dollars for the year 1935-1936,
we spent 37 per. cent. w pay in'tenest
on the public debt. This means that
the people of Canada are paying prac-
tically one 'million dollars a day in
interest charges. Small wonder that
we are being taxed to the limit! o
However, this is no mere plea °for
further skimping, saving, or doing
without, ina desperate attempt to
balance the budget. Strange as it
may see, there is a way to solve our
public debt and unemployment prob-
lems according to sound business
principles, without repudiation, con-
fiscation, or inflation, and the net re-
sult would be a substantial reduction
in taxes.
If a private business never makes
a profit, it certainly cannot be ex-
pected to pay dividends. The busi-
ness of government is non-productive,
hence it eannot earn a profit. Nev-
ertheless it is expected to do the im-
possible by paying dividends of prac-
tically one million dollars a day.
In the final analysis there is but
one place where profits can be legi-
timately earned and that is in pro-
ductive enterprise, Then why not
get them from there in the first
place? In other words, let the nation
issue new money to redeem all inter-
nal government bonds as well as
mea•tgages on non-productive proper-
ties`''aad let it say to those who now
hold these securities: "Here is your
money, every last dollar of principal
and interest; not a penny has been
confiscated. If you wish to save the
money, that is your privilege, but
from now on, if you want your money
to earn a profit, you must put it to
work in private productive enterprise,
which is the only legitimate source
• of profits."
* * *
eilrt holdsr!s of 00 -called "gilt-edgedl tie -
guides" waald aloo Satan actual belle -
fit from this step. Just remember
That the MD=0i people are already
l>eing taxed to the limit and cannot
'.tray what they do not possess+, Tax-
es must be collected from those who
can pay and we have reached a point
where the bondholders, whether they
realize it or not, are paying meet or
the interest on their-bondat--•-•--ss •- •
if the people of Canada do not see
fit to redeem these bonds and mort-
gages until maturity, at least let the
Dom'nion government stop borrowing
immediately. But tet us realize that
the present practice of having money
created to -pay interest on nonpro-
ductive properties is inflation, notching
less.
Maybe there are some who will
wonder allow the :government can fin-
ance its undlertakings without bor-
rowing, but where did we ever gee
the idea that the nation must borrow
money? According to the British
North America Act, the Dominion
government :has sole authority to cre•
ate and destroy money. That law is
still on the statute books.
Let us recognize what we are us-
ing for money. At the present tune
the only lawful money in Canada is
the legal tender issued by the gov-
ernmentathe bills and coins we use
to pay the grocer. But the startling
fact is that we have almost ceased to
use that kind 9f money. I't is now
only our petty casth and forms less
than five per cent. of all the money
treed to transact- bustiness. The other
95 gene cent. is bank deposit money,
generally referred to as "credit,"
which can come into existence only
when' borrowed from private banking
institutions.
Mane)" is only a "claim on real
wealth" which can be circulated as -ani
immediate and effective demand for
all goods and services that are offer-
ed for exchange. There is no real
difference whether these claims are
printed on separate pieces of paper
and transferred by passing from hand'
to hand, or whether they, are written.
in books and transferred by means of
cheques, drafts, etc.
We do not need any new kind • of
money, but simply to realize that we
bave already developed a, new system
of book money`wbich we mistook for
credit, the issue of which 'has been
allowed to remain as a monopoly in
r•rivate hands
Hallett proposes that we first of all
recognize that bank deposits are ac-
tually money -practically the only
kind 'of purchasing power we have.
Then let the authority to issue this
kind' of money be handed over to the
nation, where it belongs, so that all
money may be issued in terms of pub-
lic need. The recent change where-
by the Central Bank takes over the.
issue of all bank notes is a ]step in
the right direction, but only a small
step. It will still leave at least 90
per cent. of all our money to be is-
sued or recalled at the direction of
private banking institutions.
'The Hallatt plan consists of a
practical, businesst-like method for the
national- issue and recall of money,
which, automatically ensures that
there will always be just the right
amount of money in circulation to
distribute all the products -of indus-
try and to hold the price level steady.
At pnesent we have either a scarcity
of money causing "depression" or too
much money causing "inflation. The
Hallett method for issue and recall
has the further merit at being politi-
cian -proof and I say that with all due
respect to our present• political lead-
ers, the majority of whom are serv-
ing .
ing e public honestly and well.
The 'method of issuing ane recall-
ing money under the Hallatt system
can be illustrated best by means of a
practical example. The people will
first deride by popular vote what pro -
pert' - : '-ey, wish to own in common,
or to cre ate at actual cost -say the
homes • ::he people, schools, hospi-
tals, h:;_rways, etc. Suppose, for in-
stance, the city of Hamilton needs a
new City Hall, which would cost, say,
$500,000. The application would go
through the' provincial government
and on to the Dominion government.
If approved, the Central Bank would
then set up on its ledgers a deposit
'of $500,000 in favour of the City. of
Hamilton. The city could cheque
against this to pay the cost of the
new building. Suppose this building
had an estimated' life 'of fifty years,
then it would, depreciate one -fiftieth,
in value each year. Accordingly, the
citizens of Hamilton would have a
yearly assessment of one -fiftieth of
the total amount, or $10,000, without
interest, and as this money was paid,
back to the government it would be
automatically cancelled. This en-
sures that there would always be
sound backing for every dollar of
'money outstanding.
A similar procedure would be fol-
lowed in -the case of private citizens
wlvo desired to build. hothe.s, except
that the money would be r•ep°aid by
the lvomet•oweer instead of being
recovered from the public by taxa-
tion. The money for home building
would be made available without in-
terest, except the actual cost of hand-
ling money, which is ordinarily only
a fraction of one per cent. This plan
is offered as thte one practical solu-
tion to our housing problem.
Reasonable minimum wages would
be established for both mien and wo-
men. Also, the issue of interest-free
money for new brojects would be reg-
ulated so that there was jest enough
to take up all the slack in unemploy-
ment. For instance, Hamilton's ap-
plication would Trot be approved unless
it were shown that labour was avail-
able locally for the construction of
thenew a;w
City Hall. This feature is
particularly important. •
It is not the amount of money in
existence, but tether the amount in
circulation that affects prices and
employment. The proper amount to
keep, prices steady and to distribute
all the products of industry is that
amount which: is just sufficient to
keep°all our people employed the de -
aired 'number of hours. Too little
motley in circulation causes unem-
ployment and fal'lin'g prices; too much
causes rising prices.
,a a *
The questtion of opportunities for
investment under the Hallatt plan
must be considered. Interest-free mon-
ey would be issued by the govern
meat far public works and for hidenes,
but positive'iy no'° or private enter-
prise. The latter Would be financed.
Of .course there would be the usual
cries of "inflation" and "printing press
money" by those who are opposed to
• any correction of the evils of our
present syste'nr. Common sense• tells
us that the issue of new money by
the nation to pay of these bands and
mortgages could not,. possibly be infla-
tion, since the new money would have
exactly the same backing as the
-bonds and montages which it replac-
ed.
The result would be to free the tax-
payers from the huge burden of in-
terest, which would justify a consid-
erable decrease in taxes. The press
•
BACKACHE
OFTEN WARNING
Badradie may be the feat sign of Kidney
bdrle. When your back aches, look 'to
year kidneys. Don't fail to heed this warn-
ing -it , is too important. Take prompt action
to tannest Backache, or its cause. At the fest
sign of jaekaelie turn confidently to Dodd's
fradney Pilin --fa over half a century the
beanies emedy for Sidney ailments. 107
Dodd's Kidney Pills
LONDON and WINGHAM
South
P.M.
Wingham 1.55
Beignave 2.11
Blyth 2.23
Londesboro 2.30
Clinton 3.08
Bruceaeld 3.27
Hippen 3.35
JIensall 3.41
Exeter -' 3.55
North
A.M.
' Exeter 10.42
Bewail 10.55
Kippen 11.01
jBrucefleld 11.09
Clinton 11,54
Londesboro 12.10
;Blyth 12.19
Belgrave , , ....... 12.30
Wingham 12.56
C-N,R. TIME TABLE
East
A.M. 'P.M.
Goderich 6.40 2.30
Clinton 7.03 3.00
Beaf'orth 7.17 3.16
Dublin 7.28 3.29
Mitchell 7.37 3.41
West
Mitchell 11.19 9.33
Dublin 11.27 9.41
Seaforth 11.43 9.54
Clinton 12.12 10.08
Goderich - , . , 12.22 10.34
C.P.R.41
TIME TABLE
East
P.M.
Goderich 4.20
Menset 4.24
McGaw 4.33
Auburn 4.42
Blyth 4.52
Walton 5.05
McNaught 5.15
.'Toronto 9.00
West
A.M.
Toronto 8.30
Mc aught 12.03
'VW'aitoit 12.13
Blyth 12.23
Alibttri ' 12.32
,Mural* 12.40
11 cutlet 12.46
Getintlek 12.55
THE HALLATT
Reply is Given to G. E. Creed's Crit
clam of New M'bnetary
$theme
(By R. J- Dee,chmen)
A 'friend has sent me a clipping
from the Hamilton Spectator discusls-
ing the Hallett' Plan of Monetary Re-
form, The date does not appear on
the clipping and the discussion of
similar .plans goes back to the dawn
of monetary hlstory. (Mr. Creed's
article was published on the editorial
page of our issue of November 12. -
Ed.).
The writer of the article wee Mr.
11 E. Creed, M.Sc., and I venture to
suggest that there are, in his 'presen-
tation of the story, certain mistaken
conceptions and that these call for
correction:
At one point he writes:
"The business of the govern-
ment is nonproductive. Henfee it
cannot earn a profit. Neverthe-
less, it is expecting to do the im-
possible by, paying dividends of
practically $1,000,000 a day,"
A considerable volume of govern-
ment borrowing is for' the purpose of
establishing some facility -which at
the •morpoent the public demand's. For
instance: Ontario wanted a govern-
ment-awned
overnment-awned Hydiro, the Dominion
government wanted a government-
owned) railway. Both these govern-
ments
overnments found that these objects could
not be materialized from thin air or
produced, conjurer -fashion, from an
empty hat as Aberihart proposes to
bring forth his ,dividends. They bor-
rowed. money -which is simply an-
other way of staying they borrowed
materials and, with the borrowed ma-
terials, they erected a Hydro system
and constructed a railway. Mr. Greed's
contention seems to involve this ap-
parently simple idea -there' is, in iris
mind, -a , means of borrowing •,goods.
w: thout having to return them or ev-
en pay for their use. I contend there
is not. Mr. Creed thinks there is.
There is the definite line of cleavage
between us.
* * *
IMr. Creed proposes that we should
say to those who have bought gov-
ernment bonds,,
"Here is your money -every'
entirely through loans • and invest-
ments from the savings tit the peo-
ple. Also; the actual production` of
the homes, highways, hospitals, etn.,
would be a legitimate. field for private
enterprise, the same as at present.
The only difference is that .we would
pay for these non-productive proper-
ties only once, not several times: ov-
er in 'interest charges- Thus there
would be ample opportunities for safe,
profitable investments in private pro-
ductive enterprise. With ample op-
portunity for all to work and earn,
there would always be a ready mar-
ket for the products of industry. Al-
so, with the elimination of the trade
cycle due to alternate periods of ex-
pansion and contraction of purchas-
ing power, most of the hazard would
be taken out of industry. Investments
in private enterprise, if chosen] with
reasonable care, would., be as safe as
the nation itself. True, profits would
Le 'somewhat .lower, but this would be
more than offset fly greater business
security and 'lower taxation.
Under a national money system,
private banks would carry on exact-
ly as at present, except that they
would be able to lend only their own
money Or that which they had actu-
ally on deposit. Thi is what they
"claim" to be doing at present. ,
The question has arisen many times
as to what effect the establishment
of a proper national money system
would have on Canada's credit in
other countries. The,only fundamen-
tal change is that tie authority to
issue money is taken from private
hands. We would actually be in a
stronger :position, because the credit
of the whole nation Would be behind
every dollar, instead of just five to
ten per cent• as at present.
The general idea is, apparently,
that new money cannot be sound un-
less it is backed by gold. It is true
that there is supposed to be twenty-
five
wentyfive cents' worth of gold behind each
dollar of legal tender, but, as pre-
viously pointed out, this legal tender
is- only about five per cent. of all our
`money. Considering all legal tender,
bank deposit •money, and 'government
securities redeemable in gold, there
is actually less than one cent's worth
of gold back of each dollar at . the
present time. For the sake of those
who like to feel that our money is
backed by gold, the Dominion gov-
ernm'ent can set a national money
system for the ,,issue of . all money
(not just five per cent: asi at pres-
ena)..and still keep just as much gold
beihind each dialler as we .have now.
Gold never was and never can be
anything more than an always ac-
ceptable commodity for balancing
foreign trade. For those countries
who prefer to buy from us for gold
instead of for our useful goods, we
have ample supplies -of gold and can
let them have it.
* * i
The Hallatt plan for the national
issue and' recall of money is offered
as the key to this whole economic
muddle. .It is the safe middle road
that makes unnecessary such ex-
tremes as socialism, fascism and the
like. No person has -yet come for-
ward to prove a single flaw in the
Hallatt
plan. The only drawback is
that it dloes, not offer something for
nothing; 'people will still have to
work fora living, In justice to the
people of Canada, the Hallatt pro-
posals "should receive serious 'consid-
eration by' our leadterts,
The purpose of • the Hallatt clubs is
to provide opportunities for the study
of money, so that all people may un-
derstand the principles, of a sound -
money system. We have now a mea-
sure of political democracy, but have
yet to obtain economic democracy.
The latter !Signifies) a state of the af-
fairs of a society wherein the whale
people exercise direction and control
over the economic well-being of them-
selves, individually and collectively,
by majority rule. To this; end the
Hallatt clubs have recently, been re-
solved into the League for Economic
Democracy,
A legal investment for Trust Funds
Uncanditione/ly Guaranteed
STTH
ERLING
TRUSTS
CORPORATION
STERLING TOWER , TORONTO
cent of jt. We have called in
your bonds; You must accept, in
their place, these printed dol-
lars."
He. suggests that this paoposad will
bring fortih the usual ory.of "inflettioa
and printing press money." He states
that inflation is impossible, for "the
backing of the currency issued will
be the same as the backing of the
bonds formerly held."
Stay close for 'a moment to a pre-
view of what must follow the accept-
ance of this idea. At the present
tiro there are, roughly, three billion
dollars of Dominion bonds head in
Canada. These bonaare held by
private individuals, cooperations, in-
surance companies, and all the varied
trust funds administered by our trust
companies
To -day this wealth as in t'he' form of
bonds. The proposed scheme goes in-
to effect. Within a week, these bonds
will; be back in the Dominion treas-
ury cancelled, Deposited in the banks,
in the savings boxes, and, in the
pockets of various people t,hmougtout
the Dominion, there will' be. Bank of
Canada bills to the Value of three bil-
lion dollars.
The banks could not .afford to pay
interest.. on. this Rant sum of money.
The owners of it could not afford to
leave the money idle. It would have
to earn dividends, Ie fact, that is the
very object of the move, for Mr.
Creed points out significantly: "If
you want your money to earn a pro-
fit, you must put it to work in private
productive enterprise, which is the
only legitimate source of profits:".
* " • fa
What would happen under these
conditions? There would be a flood
of money ;seeking investment. There
would be a flight from the dollar, for
dtollars being abundant, they would
soon lose their purchasing . power.
Tkis -money would find itts• way into
the • stock market, into farms, into
equities of one kind and another.
Thera would be a wild movement to.
buy things. 'We would have inflation
in real earnest. Not all the skill of
the Central Bank, nor all the efforts
of all the governments, federal, pro-
vincial and municipal, could prevent,
ander these circumstances, a wild
outburst of inflation.
It would become a torrent -nothing
could check. it. Can Mr. Hallatt or
Mir. Creed refute my contention? is
there the slightest chance that we
Gould escape inflation: in the circum-
stances? The effort to induce it
could not be planned • with greater
skill. -
Hasn't that happened time and
time again in the monetary history
of the world'? The holding of the -
bonds as an investment, earning in-
terest, is an entirely different matter
'from holding this vast sum of cash
money ready to Invest with a limited
field for its immediate operation, and
the only thing that Mr. Creed could
do after this disaster had taken place,
and it would be one of the greatest
disasters of Canadian history, wain&
be to repeat the hopeless line: '1The
new money 'has Pirie same backing as
the bonds and mortgage's, which it re-
placed,"
* *
On a soma/abet similar principle,
Mr. Creed proposee to build a $500,-
000 Oity, Hall in Hamilton and private
dwellings sufficient to properly house
every person within the Dominion'.
Hamilton wants a new City Hall. In
other words, Hamilton wants to se-
cure brick, stone, mortar, steel, etc.;
plus the labour of a number of build-
ers., Hamilton. does not have in its
corporate' possession these materials
nor others Wadi it can exchange for
.the materials• and service it desires.
Under our modern system, the pro-
cese is to borrow money, but money
is .'only the medium of exchange.
What in reality we are dieing is bor-
rowing commodities' andl labour with
which to erect a City Hall. It is now
prcposed to devise a means by whish
these things can be borrowed with-
out placing upon the people of Ham-
ilton an obligation' to pay for the ser-
vice which is to be proyi'ded. It can-
not be done. That, in' a, nut -shell, is
the essence of the whole story. Bet-
ter still --nit should not be done -there
are ample reasons why . it should not.
The simplest is that' you cannot
take something'' from nothing unless
some fairy godfather or godmother
performs a miracle. If we borrow on
the Hallatt Plan for a City Hall in
Hamilton, then we are petting the
cretat of 'the nation back of a pro-
posal for a local public work without
benefit to the people who are to be
the guarantors of the loan. In other
words, ,under the present system,
Hamilton would borrow from those
who have, with the promise of repay-
ment
and
underh'
t e proposed sys-
tem, they would borrow from the na-
tion as a whole, and, in the end, -.-the
ration will have to pay. T4tis pro-
posal. involves not fire taking• of
money or the borrowing of credit
from those who now, -have it, but it
constitutes the issue of an addition-
al volume of money or credit in ex-
cess of that which now exists, and,
while it is more subtle in its form
and more indirect- in its action, the
u
NOXACORN.
Ikea peeler/ contains wind features; mks
0ertale you get the
YELLOW TUBE ARID PACKAGE,
Romani is sold only In mime. Year licca
removed or moos* refunded at dein senna
$5e -pet Nexaeorn today
Aberhart's Drug Store
(By Captain J'oh'n D. Craig in Readers Digest)
"Ma .-taleitlanda sank right out
there," Hannington, an Irish fisher-
man, said.
From the cliffs of Oldi Head of
Kinsale, Ireland, Captain Henry B.
Russell looked across the rolling At-
lantic toward the ,tomb of the great-
est sea tragedy of the war. For weeks
his !salvage vessel, Ophir, equipped
with the most modern location finding
instruments, had searched for It
without• 'c
success. Now a simple fish-
erman
sherman said, "That's the spot, air!"
In his gpel'iminary work . Captain.
Russell had coneulted the sec: -stained
chart used by Captain Turner of the
Lusitania on that fatal May 7, 1915.
The muster's marginal notes reveal
she was steering a zigzag course
which ended abruptly at 2.10 p.m.
with a laconic entry -"Struck."
An equally laconic vignette of that
greatest marine disaster of modern
times is sketched by Robert Chis-
holm, second' Steward aboard the
Lusitanna, now chief steward on the
Ophir:
"I happened to look over the Side
and saw a darting white streak. I
ran below shouting for everyone to
hold fast. The torpedo bit fairly
amidships; the ship listed sharply.
The second torpedo 'bit a, moment lat-
er.
"At my lifeboat statical I found that
all the boasts on the port side had) fal-
len inward. As I hurried back to B
`deck I passed Alfred G. Vanderbilt
veinal attempting to reecue a hysteri-
cal woman. I shouted; 'Hurry, Mr.
Vanderbilt, or it will be too late!' He
did not heed me and bath lost their
lives.
"I saw a lifeboat with, about 90
people le it. There were only three
men, the rest were women and chil-
dren. 'The lifeboat was heeling over
as the Lusitania sank. I' jtilnped in-
to the stern] and; with the help of a
14 -year-old boy, we got safely drown to
the water. The torpedoes -had smash-
ed the engines and it had been im-
possible
mpossible to reverse to stop scrip, hence
the vessel' was still under way and
our lifeboat was towed along 'in dan-
ger of being swamped. Finally . the
boy and I cut the painters and we
managed to get •clear. The little boat
v: as so thea.vily loaded that the . gun-
wales were only three inches above
water. Fortunately the sea was calm-
ard we were picked up at 6 p.m. by
a patrol boat."
Steward Chi'shobn was among those
consulted by 'Captain Russell, of the
Ophir, in his first attempts to 'de-
termine the approximate position of
the Lusitania. A hundred, people-
ship'a officers, coastguardsmen, tthe
pilot of the German 'submarine -gave
him data, and he discovered that if
he charted all the ocean within the
positions they%' indicated, It would
mean searehi g• an area of 120 square
miles, a rhopeles's propoasitiont Weeks
of cruising over what seemed the
most likely . spots proved useless.
Many wrecks were found by the. drag-
ging kedge anchors and the location -
finding device, but none was .the huge
bulk of the Lusitania.
Then he tried another form of in-
quiry. In the tragic months when
nbmarine attack was ever threaten-
ed, anxious watoh'ers had daily lined
the cliffs of Ireland, On th,d day the
Lusitania was passing through the
danger zone even the school children
were permitted toleave classes and
.watch. In the opinion of Lieut.-Com-
mander
ieut: Com-
mandetr R. H. Erring, a man who
knew the whole coast, many of the
seafaring men who watched the dis-
aster must have taken bearings on
the sinking position.
So Commander Dring and Captain
Russell those several villages along
the coast, held meeting& ire the vil-
lage pub, and spoke with all the mien
who Thad witnessed the sinking. One
of these w'itness'es was the fisherman
Harrington, and some 20 others were
found whose observations seemed re-
liable. To each the officers put the
question: "How, do you know the
Lusitania sank' 'right out there'?"
The officers knew that a few inches'
miscalculation from the shore would
throw the Ophir far enough Out to
entail weeks of useless search.
Each witness had a slightly differ-
ent answer, but, the gist of them all
was; ='Because 'I `+was standing near
the barn and took a bearing on. the
corner of Mrs. O'Leary's cottage."
Captain Russell set range find'ers' on
the spots where each witness had
been standing when the Lusitania
sank, and "shot" his bearings. When
charted on. a map, 12 of these inter-
s'ected within a single area of one
and a half square miles•, about 11 or
inflatlonary impulse is there and, if
cairied out on any general scale,
would result in rising cost of living,
and, in reality, the imposition of a
further indirect burden upon the con-
suming masses of the people of Can-
ada.
'Strange world! How sternly we
fight to avoid payment for the things
we get.• If therels one heart-rending
cry which rises from humanity, it •is
th's: "Permit us to sin -do not ask
us to pay." This generation has seen
four yeasts of the most sanguinary
conflict winch ever marked 'ands mar-
red the souls and minds of men. This
was followed by a peace which was
worse than the wary -more costly in
its effects upon mankind. Then came
eighteens years of intensive national-
ism which paralyzed the trade of the
world, end, on top ,of all this, the
mad rush of preparation .for the next
gi.gantic conflict.
In the circumstances, we have mis-
ery, poverty and unemployment. It
is the fateful fruit of our conduct dur-
ing the last .twenty-two yeare.-_,Wee.do
not .want to face 'these facts - yve
have no desire to change our' ways,
and 80 we listen to a. long line of
monetary 'reformers. who pr`omise to
cure us with pai•lis and lotions internal
and external, when the true remedy
for a sick world is the simplest and
most natural of all proposals - to
cease doing as we have beet doing
and in our relatidn with our .fellow-
men and with nation's return to re'a-
sea and '66 Setae' and 061110611 /Sense,
1a miles off shore. Rtusaell imauedt-
anatelydsemt arked
to workt114.8 .s area with buoys
SORMilega were takeul with the Air'
ntiratty Depth Recorder, au instru-
ment which scud's a sound twits sea
bottom and record* its returning echo-
an
choan a graph. If an °bled. a great rock
for instance, rises snrdden'ly, eo does
the marking on the • chart. Further,
there is a difference in the reaction
of the sound from a solid' rock and
from the hollow hull of a ethipr'
After a •few days of fruitless' search
a marking on the graph suddenly told
ahem they 'were over some remark-
able hollow mass The iestrument re-
corded that this) object. was 84 feet
high. Over and over. again- they criss-
crossed that spot, checking height
and accurately determinfng length by
ranging on a buoy while fihey slowly
steamed from stem to stern of the
wreck --780 feet! The • Lusitania!
quickly a marker buoy went over-
board.
For the next ,tem drays a gale blew,
carrying away their buoys'. But Cap-
tain - Russell had. taken very careful
hearings and, in 14 minutes . from the
second.. start of the search, bits • in
straiments made the same recording.
Again bad, weather but liivally, on
October 26, Diver Jarrett went oven -
side.
Dover, down he went .through the
still, green waters. Gradually the
light grew fainter, the water duller„
darker. The deuger of getting peeled
in the wreck was great. One of "'the
cables on a Mooring anchor snapped
-a 15 -ton pull had done ,it when' the -
ship heaved to theswell-so Jarratt..
had little chance if he should foul a
foot or drop under a deck in that
heaving sea.
.The Recorder had shown that the
wreck lay in 246. feet of water. When
the winclhmran sang out, "Forty fath-
oms," they stopped' Sarratt. .Think up
the phone line came his message:
"I am standing' on the plates of a
ship; I can see her two-inch rivets.
There is ,amazingly little sign. of cor-
rosion beneath tthe slime covering the
hull." -
The rivets •of the Lusitania were one
and seven -eighths inches in diameter.
Jarrett never got down again. Af-
ter hopefully battling the worst storm
season the Atlantic had known for 50
years, the Ophir finally had to give
up and steam for. harbor.
But they will go back, equipped
with a newly invented all -metal, flex-
ible -limbed ,diving dress which car-
ries sufficient oxygen to last from 8
to 10 hours and which, in Admiralty
trials, has withstood pressures equiv-
alent to a depth of 2,500 feet under-
seas. And this time they will he join.
ed by Captain John D. Craig and hie
crew of Hollywood .Motion Picture
Adventurers who will ..photograph the
operations in and about the wreck.
Phe thoughts of these men are not
all for the treasure. They think of
the thousand souls who died impris-
oned between decks,..... d'r'owned in the
midst of luxury that ` afternoon in
Maye and they approach this adrven-
ture with awe.. And if • the ,remark-
able new scientific gear proves suc-
cessful, we may witness on the ,saheen
some of the breath -taking secrets of
those sunken decks.
Farm Notes
Livestock" Meetings
Ontario Swine Breeders' Associa-,
tion will hold their annual meeting
Ft•b:uary 1 and the Canadian Swine
Breeders' Association' the following
day. Ontario Large Yorkshire Club,
Ontario Berkshire Club, Ontario Tam-
worth Club and dual purpose Short-
ehorn clubs will also ahold meetings' on
February 1. -
February 2, the following annual
meetings will be held: Canadian
Jersey Cattle Club, Canadian Short-
hone Association, Canadian Hackney
Horse Association, Canadian Pony As=
sedation, and the Canadian' Aberdeen
Angus' Breeders' Association.
Meetings scheduled -tor February 3
are: . Holstein -Friesian Association
of Canada, Canadian National Poul-
try Record Association, Canadian
Standard Bred Horse Society, Ontario
ereford Breeders' Association, On-
tario Sheep Breeders' Association, On
tario Clydesdale ]Club, Canadian
Thoroughbred Horse Society and
Canadian Sheep Breeders? Associa-
tion.
On February 4' the Canadian Shire
Association, Cly'des'dale Horse Assoc-
iation of Canada, Ontario Perclheron
Club' and Ontario Horse Breeders'
A'ssociati'on will meet and February 5
the Ontario Cattle Breeders? Associa-
tion will meet.
Market Report On
Clover and Grass Seeds
Eastern, Northern and Central On-
tario -Prices: Red clover, 18 to 22c
per pound for No. 1 grade, 13 to 18c
for country run. Alfalfa., 16 to l8c
per pound for No. 1 grade, 10 to 15o
for country run. Alsike 17c per' lb.
for No. 1 grade, 10 to 15c for country
run, Timothy, 6 to 70 per pound far
No. 1 grade, Np. 1 (sealed) 6% to 7c,
4 to 5c for country run. Sweet clover
6c per pound for
No. 1 grade, coun-
try run, 4 to 5c. Timotby-alsike mix-
tures (50% alsike) 61/2c per pound
for, country run seed.
Supply: 224;000 pounds of red cloy-
,
er scattered throughout distrlot but
main supply in Ottawa Valley; 97,000
pounds' of alfalfa mainly in St. Lawr-
ence counties and Kingston to Oa
tawa district; 150,000 lbs]. of alsike
almost entirely -in.'.-.time Kingston to
Oshawa district; 1,682,890 lbs.. of tim-
othy in Prescott and Russell counties
and St. Lawrence sub -district; 105,-
000 , lbs, of sweet clover confined al-
most entirely to St. Lawrance sub-
district and Kingston to Oshawa ar-
ea and 100;000 lbs', of timothy-alsike
mixtures in Northern Onitarfo.
Deman{]: A very keen demand has
developed for red clover. Shipments
are going forward to the Mated. Stater
and le setae instances' farmer busrers
ES1
YOUR COiSFPATiON
Loots out,,to thoiostelebttas,it-#sfc t ,•
whe: you eel
Scut-c* so Volar:-Woo4eA may '
torso tris, The' *4, a.eal1le of
comm rl ComttipiFt t ;too-Iitt141
4'b>4 " 1'k mea $. Tout >ayatcnt
des •ita ugmar. exercise.
Get thin. needq44110114'
clone cereal i .qp a LL„i3
Witelrin ;fhe body,. its' '"ubaorbbs
moisture, fer;q188. soft maeO, ge Iitiy
sponges out the system.
Why keep on feeling bad when
you can feel good? Millions, of
people use ALL -BR 1 . Tests prove
it's safe and effective. ,ALL -Baan its
guaranteed. Try it a week. If not:
satisfactory,our money will....be
refunded by the Kellogg Company.
Two tablespoonfuls daily are user
ally sufficient: Serve as a cereal,
with milk or cream, or cook into
recipes.Remember, ALL -BRAN also
supplies vitamin B and iron.
Certainly you'd rather eat a food
than take pills and drug raBu
ALL -BRAN at your grocer"$. MSQta
by Kellogg in London.
are bringing trucks rt . cess over to
do business direct with • Canadian
farmers, It is expected that the 'en-
tire available. supply of red clover
will soon be out of farmers' bands.
Very. little information available flu
regard to the demand for alfalfa.
Timothy* is moving more freely than
at any time during thls crop year.
Alsike continues to move but the beet
quality of seed is already gone. Sweet
clover has received very tittle atten-
tion to date but seed is now movfi t
to the seed cleaning plants to be
cleaned.
Western and _Southern Ontariio--
Prioes: Red clover, 21c per pound
'for No.; 1 grade, 1534 to 17c for coun-
txry run: Alfalfa, 17c 'for No. 1 grade,
11 to 14c for country run.. Alsike,
16c for No. 1 grade, 83/4 to 13r%e for
country urn. Sweet clover, •7%c for
*o: 1 MOW 4 to 6c for country ran.
`Timothy, 6c for No. 1 gide, 3 bo 50
for .cosntry, rirn, and Caivadian blue
gra se, 3c for No. 1 grade.
Supply: Red clover, 318,750 lbs.;
alsike, 387,000 lbs.; timothy, 1,156,-
100 lbs.; alfalfa, 425,375 lbs.; sweet
clover, 153,225• lbs.; Canadian blue
grass, nil.. It is estimated thatLthere
are some 450,000 lbs. of alfalfa iseed
more than reported previously. •
Winter Brooding of Chicks '
The poultrymman with proper equip-
ment can handle chicks in mid -winter
with as little mortality as with April
chicks. . He may not get as high per,
tentage thatch as later on, but even
the hatchability of eggs is being con-
trolled by the feed. January chicks
will cost more' as eggs are higher
indeed. to start with. Then it will
take more fuel than with' spring
brooding. But there is more time for
looking after. the chicks; there may
be 'less disease and mortality; broil-
ers will catch a ••high market, and
pullet should be laying early ID the
fall or even in late summer when egg
prices are at their'c°peak. Of course.
if many started hatching all their
chicks in January the higher prices
for broilers and eggs would be wiped
out, land chicks 'hatched at some other
season would find the best market.
Brooder houses unsuited for prolong-
ed zero weather and; the higher price
for chicks will limit the number go-
ing in for January chicks. Neverthe-
less there should be good returns for
the few who d'oi and they can pro -
Tong the use of their equipment, as
those who have January chicks us-
ually have another batch in the spring
so as to have pullets coming into pre. -
'duction at different seasons: Janu-
ary chicks will go on to range early
in the season, or they may' be .raised
indoors until ready for the laying pen.
Farmers'° Account Book
The Canadian farmer may be ab-
solved from tete accusation that fu
taking stock of hie farm business . at
the present time he is only follow-
ing the futile fashion of, making good
resolutions for the New Year. It just
so happens that the seasons of the
year when good resolutions 8,neppopu-
Iarly supposed to hive a special vir-
tue coincides with that period of the
year which afforde the farmer the best
'opportunity for making a detailed
survey of his business, past and fu-,..
tore.
To -day, farming is more of a baste
ness proposition then ever before, and
'the fanner who does not know the
exact state of .how he stands with
reference r6a every item' connected
with the farm is at a disadvantage
with the farmer, who does.' Some-
' lvhat more than a rough and ready
method is necessary.
A record of each department of the
farm business 'should be kept because
it is the only way of finding out which
part 'of the farming pays and which
does not. To assist the farmer in •
this very important matter, the Do-
minion. Department of Agriculture is-
sues 'a very pimple and useful little
account book which may be obtained
from the Kidtg's Printer at a nominal
price of 10 cents, No special knowl-
edge 'of accounting is necessary and •
a record' of transactions can often be
made in less than one hour per week.
A QUIET, WELL CONDUCTED,
CONVENIENT, MODERN 100
ROOM HOTEL -88 WITH OATH
WRITE FOR FOLDER
TAKE A DE LUXE TAXI
FROM DEPOT OR WHARF -250
11�
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