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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Huron Expositor, 1935-07-12, Page 3_w s q, A. Member of Parliament said to melte ether day: "Our present eco- nomic system is just a debt -creating eystte n, not'hi'ng more." Now that statement to my mind is Isiraply hooey, abracadabra, or Kilck- apota Indian 1Sagwa. In other and more clakssa'cel terms, it is the "bunk.." Zt reams nothing. It is the current cant of the thoughtless, yet we are .supposed to (believe it and shudder •awhile we hear pundits plead that 'the capitalist system is shot 'because debts hlav'e increased. .(What is a debit? A debt is a con- tract, ox obligation, to pay a certain ,sum at a certain time. Ulf we lived on "Economists' Is- bell" With a population of 100 peo- ple, where everyone owned his own little farm and workshop and produc- ed everything for (himself, there might be no debt. But perhaps some day an accident would happen, a machine would 'break down, tools would be .lost, fire world destroy the available eteppli.es of one of the hundred in- ;halbitantts—then a man would borrow .and we would have a debt, there would be an obligation which some day would have to be met. • But we are not living on "Econ - mists' Island!" This is a highly civ- ilized and complex life. There is much buying and selling and exchang- ing of products and" so the evidences' •if debt in the form of notes, accept - tied drafts; mortgages, agreements' of sale, bonds, and other obligations' are eori"etantly (before us, a continuing part of Our daily lives. Debts in general, s•ulbject to certain reserva- tions to be noted later; are entered into to create assets. For almost ev- ery obligation to past something was received. If we are wor's'e off' atter -these obligations are created, it siinip- iy means that in mass the Canadian people are poor beginners—they are capable sellers and poor buyers. Constructive and Non -Constructive Normally there is an asset for ev- ery debt but there are exceptions. •Some debts are created for non-pro- ductive purposes. If 'wo borrow to •gaarmlble the chances are that we re ceive notching in return. In the case of •a war we have expended our sub- stance in the purchase of future trou- ble. But ion the common, ordinary ob- ligations something is given, some - A night- cap tor. -sound sleep! 'WHEN that hungry feeling 4comes, late in the evening, serve yourself a big bowl of Kellogg's Corn Flakes in milk or cream. These appe- tizing golden flakes will sat- isfy your hunger. And they'll let you sleep soundly, because they digest so easily. You can be certain that Kellogg's are always crisp and oven -fresh because they're heat -sealed in the patented WAXTITE bag. At grocers everywhere. Quality guaranteed. Made by Kel- logg in London, Ontario. fedlorfi AT BEDTIME OVEN -FRESH FLAVOR -PERFECT ve ':s1�;d�iY,tAk�',W.1S� Y�1¢�'+t � � ✓<. thing is reserved. I want to buy a farm. I have only a ;thousand dol- lars to make the first payment. • y I make that payment, gtive to the ven- dor of the farm a marbga'ge far tree thousand dollars, but I am not poorer by reason of that bargain, I have the farm and if my, judgment was sound it is worth the price I paid for it. The same is true of other business trans- actions. 'Carrying it fo¢miardt into the larger sphere—a railway' borrows in order to extend its lines, (buy equip. ment or enlarge its terminal facili- ties.' Then we have our federal gov- ernment borrowing. In the main, this ,borrowing is done for construc- tive purposes. There are, ,of course, exceptions to that. For instance, at the present time we are borrowing in order to make expenditures which are not expected to be self-sustaining, but really for the pinrpo-se of provid- ing work for the unemployed. But by and large national debt should be cre- amed for consteuetive purposes just as we may assume that debts Of indi- viduals and corporations are usually created •for the same purpose. Debts and Assets Let us carry .this .matter a little fur- ther and consider the nation as a whole. The Dominion of Canada has "borrowed tremendous sums bf money in the past." This is the form of ex- pression wbiich is currently used and as a matter of convenience we use it here. !In reality it means that dur- ing a period of years ,:the Dominion of Canada,. the 'provinces, the munici- palities, dooporations, or individuals, borrowed large amounts, of 'goods, either abroad or art 'home from people who had the goods • er the money which ,gave them a call upon commod- ities. These goods• were put to some particular purpose which was thought justifiable at the time., In some cas- ee mistakes were made. We. feel now that we 'overbuilt our railways. In the light of the kntowled'ge of that day we did net overbuild. Men then contemplated tremendous expansion which did not take 'place. Let us not now attempt to apportion the blame for their mistakes. The war was a tremendously destructive factor so fair as world commerce was concern- ed. The aftermath of the war was 'scree than the war: The man who iu 100 could have foreseen the mad- ness of the world tin the last thirty- five years would have died of pessi- mis•m. In deciding, therefore, whether one debts are burdensome or other- wise, we cannot take the mere dead weight burden of the •debet and reach a co.nclusi'on from that viewpoint. If the money was borrowed for sound constructive purposes then it was wisely borrowed. If it were not the burden will be heavy and repayment difficult, but in considering the bur- den we mtust take the broad national view. Would Canada be .richer to -day if it., did net have a canal system from the ocean •t'o Lake Superior? Would we be better without the C.P.R.? Could we afford to do without the C. N.R.? Even though, for the time, there is a substantial loss on 'the C. N.R., we are better off financially as a nation, as a people, with that road and its •cleficit than we would have been if it had never been ,built. Even to -day, with all the destruction of business which has taken place in the last few years, we could hardly exist, in the commercial sense, with- out the C.N.R. Is there not a tre- mendous asset in our system ;of roads' —aur ,pv(blie buiidings-debts you see have a value when they create an as- set. Debts and Wars We speak of debts, but where do they come from? With all our ex- penditures up to 1914, the total net debt of the Mminian of Canada stood at only $336,000',000. It's now close to $3,000,000,000. What was the cause of this debt? Was t h e banking system relspoasible? Was the capitalist systerri to blame? Was the Tory party or the Liberal party to .blam'e? The fact is that we fought a war and the war was the cause of the debt. Not only is it the cause of the debt but one of the major causes of the high taxes which we have to- day. The interest upon the debt of 1914 amounted to a carrying charge of less than $13,000,000. In 1935 it amounted to nearly $145,000,000. In pensions and treatment of retprned soldiers we add $50,000,000 to our an- nual tax bill. We pay for the things we do and are likely to continue to pay. 'And what of private debts? Dur- ing the war prices went up. The sharp lift of prices induced the spec- ulative purchase of land and other commodities. Prices rose. Inflation cannot continue indefinitely. The froth blew off in 1921 and 1922 and prices crashed. Business came back in the following years as world trade expanded in the period of recovery following the war.,But this too end- ed when nations ecided that trade had to be restricted, then followed the long and steady decent. Where is the responsibility for all these things to fall? There is a tendency to seek every explanation but the eight one. In• cold fact we are to blame. We have brought albout the condition we deplore and in Europe they are paving th-e way for suture trouble and further war. Ways of Escape But is there not some way in which we can have the things we want without paying foe them? Suppose we want a railway to the mouth of the Mackenzie River, 'or a tunnel to the Island at Toronto, Or an armory in Calgary. 1 cite these, because they are wholly unnecessary items yet of the very nature of the things we pro- po,e. Well, 'why can't the govern- ment print money and go ahead and build them? This seems to be the idea 'back Of a great many Then to- day. It seems so simple—we get what we want and it'tcosts nothing. This plan, however, is not quite so (simple as it appears on the surface. There are two way's of arranging for the ctetatcruntion of public works, Onle e i,'ik r .18 vrt&i kdi is to borrow the money feeing ttross who have it, The other is to print it In the first place you :get the money from those who have it and gay -,in- tercet for it. '7•n the s'eiond ease the issue of 'pape'r money by the p o'v'ern- znont increases the total amount of money and leads to inflation in the price of Commodities and as wages are more er less fixed' the inevitallile result will ,be that the cost of living will be increased and se the inflation will donstitute, as all inflation does, a tax upon the laboring portion• of the community. To some extent those in business can pass it on, ,but the labor- ers and those 'with fixed incomes gen- erally are the ones who will 'be the greatest sufferers. Let us put another test to this. It is sometimes said that you could is- sue the money an then tax the peo- ple over a period of time and thus 'retire the money. But think not that you could avoid the tpeymeint of in- terest by that means. Government taxes are by no means direct. Rev- enues come from sales taxes and tar-' iffs. For evenly dollar collected for revenue there is a considerable added - sum collected, and necessarily so, by the people who sell the highly taxed commodities. That .is necessary be- cause the man who has his money in-. vested in an imported ..dommodity which coats thim a thousand dollars plus five hundred dollars of custom's tax, 'now has fifteen hundred dollars invested in this commmodity, and when he .sells he must pass the tax on to you with iprafit ;on his totalinvest- intent for himself. In the long run, therefore, it is more than probable that this sleheme would ' involve a g: eat deal more interest charges than 'would direct !borrowing. Bastiat, the great French eoonb- mist, •points out that in testing any contention we should apply to it the test of exaggeration. Let us apply that test to this proposal. If the government can borrow a hundred millions by means Of printing the money and with no cost invu1 ed salve. the tdharges of the printer, why stop there? 'llf it posts nothing to get a (hundred :million dollars would you not he amazed at our moderation if we stopped at a hundred? Whynot deepen the St. 'Lawrence Canals and build highways everywhere? It would on this theory, be necessary only to touch Aladdin's Lamp of the print- ing press and all would be well. It must be apparent on the face of it that this could not be clone, then something surely must be wrong with the theory. Is. There a Way? Then is there no way to avoid debts? No—not if we are in a hur- ry for things. Oh, yes, there is one way! Pharoah used it rwhen he built the pyramids. He might have issued bonds and paid for his stone sarco- rphagus i he conscripted lalbor and put it to tloak. That ,perhaps, is too hard a ro.i�e! "ori our day. There is another way. We might become Com- munists and hold all .things in com- mon. Then there .would be no priv- ate property and also no liberty and conceirvably no debts, although in Russia they halve debts and offer high interest rates on foreign .loans. We could, of course, move under the lash of a Stalin, under the direction of a despot, but I doubt if under freedom, under individualism, .there is a way in which debts can be avoided — if so, I do not see the way --will some- one tell me how? -But there is a way to reduce debts, er rather reduce their burden. The volume of business can be increased. Interest rates are too high and they can ibe !brought down. Many things thelp_us along the way to reduced in- terest charges. Mercantile turao'ver is now more rapid than it was a few years ago --so is manufacturing turn- over. A man does a larger volume of business with less volume of money. Prices are lower and a smaller vol- ume of money does more work. Then rates upon fixed investments, bends, mortgages, debentures, etc., must tend to fall, and because banks with accumulated funds seek an outlet for their money, ordinary commercial loans are secured at 'lower interest rates. But in all these' things we must remnemlber the great vital prob- lem. Debts must be measured•by our dapacity to pay. Double the agricul- tural income of the •Dom.ini;on of Can- ada we would still not be back to the level of 1928': Our manufacturing is not far above half what it was at the peak of our development. Total ex- ports are not yet aback to 50 per cent. of their volume in 192$. But the nations of the world and Canada a- mong theme, are giants in their stride. They have a capacity to produce which is simply prodigious. They have restricted exchange .but the de- mand for freedom will come. The bonds which hind us must be broken and we will live to see the day when we shall laugh at our own past stupidities and wonder why we fear- ed so much the things which now dis- may us. One effect of the trade agreement between Canada and Germany has been the renewal of shipments of Canadian apples to the German mar- ket during the pasttwo years. Prior to 1933, owing to the more favorable rate of customs duty applicable to imports of United States ii plea, the export of Canadian apples to Ger- many was not an economical pro- position. Local Red 'Clover Seed is Best Extensive tests made on the Do- minion Experim-ental Farms have clearly proven the superiority of red clover seed grrown locally in Ontario and Quebec and the lack of winter hardiness'' in much of the imported seed, especially that from Southern Europe. Generally speaking, red clover seed from strains that have been found to produce profitably in a particular locali'ttg for a number of years is the seed best suited to that locality. At the same time this seed is inter-'chan'gealble over a wide terri- tory where climatic conditions are similar and when not subject to new. insects or plant diseases. Under a provision of the Seed Act imported read clover seed is required to be pro- perly stained before being Offered for sale. • • r`?ff.'tlek4l�SL,ta''.-fk �'�llA.�4?Ylbrio'ttt.lt eek In Otia Miilitant unrest in w talb'ar, eamps throughout the counttr'y and mobiliza,,;. tion of treks to Ottawa have caused apprehension within the government and outside. The situation is serious, the more so because 'af evidence of Communist leadership in the agita- tion, which ;started on the Pacific Coast and spread Eastward. It af- fects so faze -with signs of going mush further—the eamps for home- less single unemployed men. About 20,000 men are in these •concentration oenters. As many mro're, who were there, are reported to have been ab- sorbed into industry. The married un•emp)oyled are on relief in the cities and towns, supported by the Domin- ion, the provincial and the municipal authorities. These single men, away in thewilds, rte are supported solely by the Dominion government. ` Wages are not paid. The men, who do 'odd jobs in the parks or forests•, get good food and lodging, clothing, recreational facilities and 'twenty cents a day for tobacco .and inciden- tals. Obviously, this is only an al- l.owancei--not pay in •any sense. Agi- tators have been industrious. Un- doubtedly, separation from •the ordin- ary social assrociations affects the morale of the young men. So, from the British Columbia camp, they mov- ed into Vamc'o'trlver., smashed up 'things and then hung around for two weeks. The result of local "tag days" sup- ported them. Finally, it was decided to raeove on to Ottawa—on the rods of freight trains. The trek got as far as Regina when it was stopped while emissaries came hehre. Exorbitant Demands Made The deenands, were many and ex- orbitant, for examtple, a sixhour day and a. .five-day week; a minimum of 50 cents ani --'hour for unskilled labor and" many other similar exactions. 'From other camups the workers 'are moving to adjacent cities and threat- ening to carne to Ottawa. •The, gave ernunent has taken a firm stand, fell- ing the strikers to go back to their camps and promising that, as work opens up, they will be provided for. It its clear that the government does not intend to he overawed by this studied :militancy. The disclosure that the leader of the movement is not only a Com- munist ,but a former convict who em- bezzled funds of a mining union has not teridled to enlist -any sympathy for the strikers. .Some ,beads may be hurt, how'ev'er, before the tension sub- sides, ° Political Situation Clarified Premier Bennett's intentions of go- ing ahead—'if his strength permits -- in plane of retiring, has clarified the ,political situation. .It is satisfactory to • alta parties. The 'Conservatives are relieved from the necessity of chaos- ing a new leader when there was no possibility of unity in any aiterriative choice. The Liberals welcome Mr. Bennett's decision because they pre- fer to do battle with him than with ar:other. Their 'camipargn will- de- rounce his policies. Mr. Bennett has "flattening out" his insurgent • ex -follower, H. H. Stevens, in Parliament, where the pro -Stevens Conservatives appear to have deserted him. But in the country it is not well to minimize the strength of Mr, Stene -ns or anyone else who, in a day of unrest, is given to championship of the underdog and to unrestrained assaults upon capdtal- a,m and the money power. Hopes are now abandoned for any Bennett -Stev- ens reconciliation, though the probab- ility is slight of the form-er minister campaigning against the prime min- ister. Government Wheat Operations Hearings 'before a parliamentary' ec„mmittee, • characterized .by persist- ent political clashes, have given the Canadian people some light into gov- ernment operations in the wheat market. When the government in- tervened after the attempt holdup of the European buyers by the farmers "pool" had failed, there were 70,000,- 000 bushels of wheat on hand. Now the surplus is 225,000,000. The po- tertial commitments aggregate about '160,000,000, which represents 200,- 000,000 bushels at So cents. What ',Ale loss will he depend, on the price, which can be got. What that will be, no one knows. On top of this ac- cumulation there is likely to be a now crop of 400,000,000 bushels. Undoubtedly, when John I. Mac - Farland was engaged as'the operator, the government vas motivated by the hest of intentions. 11acFarland, an expert in his line. had a similar pur- pose. ide acts without remuneration. But the operations seem to savor of speculation since wheat, once sold, was bought hacq again at an increas- ed, price.. Conceding that •the intent was honest, there are repeated refer- ences in Parliament to the result as a "mess." They appear abundant- ly justified. The Liberals, who advo- cate liquidating the surplus and tak- ing the loss, may not. have the end of the argument which is the more politically popular on the prairies, though it is everywhere else. Among the business -minded, that suggested s,alu•tion seams the sanest. A change of government will see it followed up. Young Men in Cabinet Reconstruction of the Bennett cab - How you hate to see 'baby suffering from chafed, itching skin and (Eczema. Applied after the bath Dr. Chase's Ointment prevents and relieves these dis- tressing nil'mente, it is a proven medicinal treat- ment which keeps the skin healthy. In tube or box. inet will the neeessazy before election, and it may :be' on quite extensive lines. Several ministers are certain to retire. Finance• tMdnister R,ho•des, already has announced alis intention of doing so. Minister of Justice Guthrie will head the railway eom- mis'silon. Postmaster General S'awve and Minister- of the Interior Murphy voila go to the. Senate, and perhaps, as well, Col. Sutherland, minister of pensions. If those who want to get out were anenfioned the list would be enlarged. .0A youth movement may ibe initiat- ed in filling the •eabinet jobs. Those retiring are •mare nor less elderly. Those who may dome in are young Ernst front Nova 'Scotia; Gagnon from Quebec; Lawson and Rowe from Ontario; WillisW illis from om Manitoba. Thede •soj,ourn may be brief, but in any ev- ent, they will receive a high honer. Four hundred day -told chicks were despatched recently in one• shipment front N'ova Scotia to 'St. John's, New- foundland, and arrived without acci- dent. Ali the chicks' are doing well. Coneenttr'ated milk •products manu- factured in Can'adra during the month of May, 1935, totalling 11,941,774 pounds,• showed an increase over May, 1934, of 1,670,928 pounds, or 16 per cent. Hospital Garden, Tea The. 'beaut'iful grounds of Dr. and' Mrs. Oakes were the scene of a hap- py gathering on . Thursday evening last when the members of the Clin- ton Community Hospital Board put on a :garden tea. The spacious grounds were lighted and .prettily decorated tables' were. laid . among the trees 'where I dainty waitresses looked after the needs of all who came to partake of the nice supper provided. Strawberries and cream, bread and butter, cake and tea were served. Ice cream and candy was also sold on the grounds. The con- certi band, under the direction of Leader Morgan Agnew, gave their weekly concert from 'a stand on the grounds, which added not a little to the pleasure of the occasion. Al- though the attendance was not so good as might • have been expected, the ladies gathered a nice little sum to add to their treasury.' They wish to express their sincere thanks to all who assisted in any way. in making the affair the 'success it was.—Clinton News -Record. Sandwich Secrets Almost any cupboard or parrtry will supply sandwich ingredients at alrnest any hour of: the day or night. Nothing elaborate is- essential if the sandwich maker has a' speck of im- agination and a flare for fine season - i ng. (Good bread is easy enough to get these days. You can buy it at your neighborhood grocery or bakery. Re- member to,ask occasionally for some of the special kinds such as rye, rais- in, date or nut as well as old stand- bys—white, whole wheat, bran and graham. There is also a variety of sizes and shapes from -which to select. For a real treat turn old-fashioned once in a while and bake,a match of bread or rolls at home. It really isn't difficult and you will 'have lots of fun -besides. Choose a carefully tested recipe and follow it exactly, being sure to use quality ingredients. A. spread of fresh, sweet butter is enoigh filling for a'homemade bread Butjamand add sandwich.11 the c crusty he -el -of a brown, freshly baked loaf tastes better than any dessert. The follmving bread recipes have been triple -tested. Some suggestions for sandwich fillings made with foods usually on hand •are given. These are but a few- of the possibilities for com- bining everyday- ingredients. Sardine aid Cottage Cheese Mash equal quantities of boned and 'shinned sardines and cottage or cream cheese. Season with lemon juice, salt and paprika. Very good with rye bread. Onion and Bacon To creamed butter add one-quarter as much mined onion and fried sliced bacon. Spread thinly. Ham and Tomato Rub bowl with garlic. Cream one- quarter pound butter, add 1 pint minc- ed have. minced parsley, cayenne and few drops lemon juice. Spread two slices of bread with mixture, Place thin 'slices of tomato between. Add mayonnaive if desired. Cucumber and Bacon Let sliced cucumbers stand in vine- gar, water and salt mixture about half an hour. Drain well. Place on buttered bread and top with slices of crisp baron and another slice of but- tered bread. • Dried Beef and Cheese Grind together equal parts dried beef and American cheese. Moisten with tomato puree or catsup. And now for the homemade breads: All -Brae Refrigerator Rolls ' 1 cup shortening 1 cup boiling water g/4 cup sugar 1 cup All -Bran 11/2 teaspoons salt 2 eggs (well beatee) 2 compressed yeast cakes 1 cup lukewarm water 6 cups flour or more (sifted before measuring). Mixshortening, boiling water, sug- ar, All -'Bran and salt, stirring vrntil shortening is melted. Let stand un- til m'ixtu're is lukewarm. Add eggs and yeast cakes dissolved in luke- warm water. Add flour. Beat thor- oughly. Cover bowl and place la re- frigerator over night or until ready to use. Fortin -balls of the dough to fill nuuilla tins albout half full. Let rise two hours. Bake in hot Oven (450 deg. F.) about 20 mittnztes•., ' a Yiel ; 31/a doom gmlajgroller, Note: Dough can be made into Parker House or cloverleaf rolls if desired. Best Bran Bread 1y east cake • 2 teaspoons salt 1-3 cup :brown sugar (or molasses) 21/4 cups lukewarm water 5 cups bread flour 2 cups All -Bran 2 tablespoons Shortening. .Crumble yeast into a bowl, add the salt, sugar and water. Mix until smooth. Add 3 gulps hof flour. Beat well. Add the shortening which 'has 'beer softened. Beat well. Add All - Bran and the remaining 2 cups of flour. Mix thoroughly, keeping sides of bowl clean. Sprinkle kneading board lightly with flour, turn dough on board and knead until dough is snafooth and elastic'. Pu#' ;1 bowl and 'turn it over serve* until outside .is covered wit. eoatinig • iotf shortening. Al°Uow 419 until dough is doubled in bulk oil gplk-• ti 1 blisters oM ,gas saes to +. pear on top of the dough. 'EutdeTit dough down in center and fold o1►.a from four sides to center and puce , Turn file dough over, Let rise fotr y--. five minutes.. Punch: again and +6d; dough over. Let rise 15 'minute-; Sharpe into loaves and let z'ise. wdi) - light (albout one hour) and bake 1414 moderate even (490 to 425 deg. $4, for •15 minutes, then redrgce heat Sal 3.80 deg. F. for remainder of basking period (50 to 60 minutes). Less yeast (as little as- one-qualler cake) enay be used if a longer .time is given the bread to rise. Yield: 1 two=pound loaf. ,r• ROUND TRIP RAIL TRAVEL BARGAINS' From SEAFORTH Friday, July 19 to CHICAGO s775 SATURDAY, JULY 20 To PORT HURON $2.25 FLINT $3.6O DURAND $3.95 and to WINDSOR $3.20 DETROIT ROIT I3 5 Equally low fares from all adjacent C.N.R. Stations , v Tickets, Train Information, Return (Limits from Agents. ASK FOR HANDBILL 1 1 CANADIAN NATIONAL ALWAYS USE CANADIAN NATIONAL TELEGRAPHS • Y I. 601 astco °'` Ste°` cis`- ant tootle icor OD enolShe Y,.stove' ,` 0 age Bene .0•1 a h ott.C/111) ( Ay� V�0 toilet a` ov . S» f .N to Ok �� enaidin��s.yea ; re;" a- oe�o• etra•. SAS diM s�Yetyt0•yonll. t�t 1 alodge isU,�ut e t'testyiytteeteen-V4e•Qaiv bolret fnet roo�n5; gem and ;eked rttt,D-',� ,Ttet..eastme, • diatatc ed Q:151:2 �to K�lndiolcc?aev`oa5ttotina :: ee ,.► o.wa' pa\es *etc Istoot r , c aslt .e gnt.' rho, e t A 3 .'c:n'?*apt/ Caret haAr ,ab.s'on deo CARELESSNESS is TOO COSTLY! PASSING on .a hill is just one form of haste . . . that craving to drive too fast ... which is altogether ,too prevalent in Ontario. The appalling number of motor accidents in this, province means a drastic check-up on reckless drivers. Public sentiment, speaking through the courts, will be increas- ingly severe towards unreasonable, thoughtless motorists. You know what you should do. How you should drive. So, for your own safety and that of others, drive carefully! IT IS BETTER TO BE SAFE ...THAN SORRY MOTOR VEHICLES BRANCH ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS 0 NTARI 0 THIS MUST STOP ! In Ontario, during 1934, there were nearly 10,000 auto- mobile accidents. 512 people were killed 8,990 people were.injured• .. a considerable increase over 1933.'It must be evident to all thinking people that this must stop. lion. T. -E. McQuestea', Minister of t3igbtoays. 0