Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Huron Expositor, 1933-09-01, Page 6Sof alateleare is and remier Sp�rtsrnan (Oondelrsed from The Strand Magazine, in 'Magazine Digest) (With the exception of the King hentself, the Earl of hionsdale is, with- out a doubt, the most popular sports- man in England. At almost every kind of sporting. function the Yel- low Marl—yellow has been the Lons- dale family color for generations—is inevitably to be found. At race - meetings, at horse shows, at boxing contests, at circuses and Coster turn- outs, the most noticeable figure, and one that en admdring public loves to itatiuce, is that of Colonel Hugh Cecil Lowther;' K.G., fifth Earl of Lonsdale, Hereditary Admiral of the Coasts of Cumberland and Westmoreland, and Lord Warden of the West 'Marshes, Chevalier of the Legion of Honor, Colonel or honorary Colonel of sev- eral eweral regiments, and prince of sports- men. The last title just grew around him slowly tie i•th the years, a tribute to the unique combination of splendid a d enduring physical and moral qualities, which have made him the incarnate spirit of British sport and sportsmanship.. Probably his eegret . is that in an age when standards are changing and in some instances slip- ping, he sets an inflexible standard of honor, duty, endeavor and human fellowship. 'His long flee might stand ae that of the architype of the English sport- ing aris•tocrate. Every point is rer- fect- -the long eye set under its tuft- ed, tilted eyebrow at a slight angle, like a bull -terrier's, the mouth broad and humorous, the nose and chin long arid strong, the whole face compact, firnile modelled, patient, calm and smiling: He gets his unfailing' huinor from the Irish strain on his mother's side. and his zest of life, passion for sport, and love of animals from a father who disdained perambulators and had his sons as babies carried about in panniers on a pony's. back. Had he been born in different cir- cumstances he would probably have achieved fame as a great athlete. As it is, many of his most memorable feats were the result of private wag- ers and whims, and were known at the time only to his own circle. He fought- John L. Sullivan five rounds under an assumed name, and beat him. Far another wager he walked a hundred miles in about twenty hours when Weston, the great Arner- ican walker, startled sporting Eng- land with his walking feats in 1878. .. Mounted on The Quirk, he rode in ' the longest horse race ever run in England, a six-mile.yace over jumps modelled on those of the Grand Na- tional at Aintree, and won it. He really is a famous rider, and has the advantage. over the ordinary gentlenvan rider because he lone worked in a circus and learnt how the circus men handle and train an- imals, and especially horses. He ran away when he was 17 and worked . with a circus in Switzerland for 18 .months. Now each year he has Bertram Mills and the big international cir- cus which comes to Olympia every Christmas ;up at his castle in the north. He still' amuses himself teach- ing his• animals to perform and be- have. You may dine with him at Lowther Castle or in :Oarlton house Terrace, and never know there is a dog in the big room until you get up and the host calls them. Then they emerge from the shadowy cor- ners where they have been lying, mo- tionless but watchful. Each deg has his own corner and stays there until laic is called. )e,ord Lonsdale's power over anim- als is uncanny. There seems to be a mysterious communion between man. and animal: 'Hie is; in fact, one of those rare men who are not only in- terested in animals, but who really love them. To see him talking to his parrot, Polly, you would think he had a private understanding with the quaint. bird. He is never casual with it, and when the Royal Family dined at Carlton -house Terrace on the oc- casion of his golden wedding he had Polly brought in in hrr giant cage and placed -„behind his chair, so that she also would enjoy the party. He hes been married for fifty-three years—his wife is a daughter of the tenth alarciuess of Huntley—and he and Lady Lonsdale have seen a lot of the world and grown' old gracefully together. Their golden wedding was attended by demonstrations of regard and affection such as few couples, however highly placed, ' have ever knqwn. An enormous shower . of gifts descended upon them. The day previous, at the International Horse Show, the Prince of Wales presented Lord L'onsciale with a golden casket -in recognition of all he had done for British sport, Subscriptions had been invited in sporting circles to cover the cost of this gift. No one thought there would be an embarrassingly large difference between the fine and the hill fpr the casket. When sub- scriptions carne to be added up, how- ever, .it was found that.a huge sum remained after. the great golden bowl had been paid for. The Earl handed it over to trustees Ito found a con- valescent home for sportsmen in need, • At ..eeventy-three he still retains his lean fieeere and agile 'step. When he .presents the bouquets to the girls at the Olynvpia Circus he does not hand them over the barrier, bet - springs lightly to the top and down on to the tan. Lord Lonsdale used to hose 150 horses in his stables at Barley Thorpe Hall, his Elizabethan hunting - box' at bakham. It was quite a cere- mona going , round with, him, ,while he fed them freshly cut carrots. •The Lonsdale stables have -been cut down considerably since their owner retir- ed from: the hunting field. As. an M. F. He he spared neither time nor 'money in the hunt interests. He al- lowed no slackness, no slovenliness, no transgressionsr.'There was no re- garding the hunt as an exercise for a show jumper, or . an opportunity to ride how you like, where you -Tike, and when, you like.. bt was Lord Lonsdale who put the caster night on the neap of the Horse Show. He wanted the casters to treat their makes better, ard. his method of achieving this object, to. take a personal interest in both and give a cup for the best turn -out, has been wonderfully successful. The Earl was a useful man with his fists in his own younger days. Boxing owes more to him than to any other man living. He was invar- iably 'present on Monday nights when the National Sporting Club had its home in Covent Gerd'ere But he al- ways came” alone—he. doesn't 'take parties to fights --and he always came in tails and 'white tie. Still, when the men interest hinge, he often goes to each of their corners in turn to eye them with that shrewd measur- ing eye trained to spot the good and bad points of every animal, including horn sapiens. Back in his seat, he will take careful notes all through the fight. He did this one particular night at the Liverpool Stadium when the crowd disagreed with the referee's decision of a draw in the Cuthbert - Carleton fight. Lord Lonsdale's notes made him agree with the crowd, but to restore' order he climbed into the ring. In the midst of the hullaboo he could reit make himself heard. It was the first time he had ever been refused a hearing: BIe"remained, how- ever, genial and self-possessed, and when someone near the ring yelled "Shut up!" he quickly retorted with a. slight broadening of his indestruct- ible smile, "Same to you!" His authority in, sporting matters derives from something more than integrity and ate unswerving code. He is 'seldom a mere spectator. He knows thoroughly any sport in which he is interested from the point of the participant. He used to sail a great deal, but he is seldom in blue serge now, although in his earlier days he won as many as 21 flags with Deirdre in 35 starts in eayear. He used to travel a good deal and shoot big game in India and Africa. In fact, he and Lady Lonsdale have seen a large part of the world to- gether. Nave he is seldom abroad. He di- vides his tine between town and his great .place in the North, shoots, rides, goes racing, occasionally sits on his red bench in the House of Lords, attends to a hundred -and -one duties. Ascot and Nevernarket and Goodwood would not be the same without the Lonsdale yellow. More ammonium phosphate was sold in the Prairie Provinces than in any other part of Canada last year, in fact, the records show more of this material sold to thle Prairies than any other fertilizer, no doubt on account of its concentrated fertil- izing properties. The seed of carrots, due to the fact that the individual seedeclusters do not ripen at the same time, can- not be harvested in the same manner as mange's and Swedes. The indi- vidual seed -clusters must be picked by hand when they become brown and several pickings are necessary to harvest the crop in best condition. AUG. 25 to SEPT. 9 Inclusive 1933 0 The national; yet universal, influence of Canada's National Exhibition, its unique displays from home and foreign lands and the international aspect and diversifi- cation of its multifarious attractions, brings to Canadians an inconceivable wealth of education and recreation. SCULLING RACE For the world's professional championship. An outstanding sport- ing event of international importance. The Champion, Ted Phelps of England vs. Bob Pearce of Australia. Fri., Sept. lst. H. M.. SCOTS GUARDS BAND This famous band from Britain will thrill music lovers twice daily, afternoon and evening, in open-air concerts. Thirty other bands in attendance. " MONTEZUMA" 'Thrilling spectacular drama depicting the conquest of old Mexico •by the Spanish. Nightly—Aug. 28 to Sept. 9. 1500 costumed characters on the world's largest stage. DISPLAYS OF NATIONS Magnificent displays of Manufactured and natural products from Canada, Great Britain, Bermuda, Trinidad, Federated Malay States, New Zealand, Africa, United States and elsewhere. AGRICULTURE The outstanding agricultural display on the continent, $125,000, prize list. Canada's Premier Horse Show, International Dog and Cat Shows. Downtown official free information bureau. List of approved private homes available to out-of-town visitors. 46 Yonge Et., 'Phone EL. 7816 ■ ■ 11 Be sure to make early reservations for the grandstand pageant "Montezuma." Reserved seats' 50c., 75c., and $1.00. Box seats $1.50 (5 chairs in a box). Mail cheque to Canadian National Exhibition, Toronto. Low rates on all transportation lines — special excursion days arranged — consult local agents. WM. INGLIS, H. W. WATERS, President. General Manager. 55 TH CONSECUTIVE iit?;xT'"t 7trtti''alAsrN'+'JY:1aeee NATURE A EIIEMICAL LABORATORY (By R. Thevenin, condensed from Sciences et Voyages, Paris, in Magazine Digest). All known substances are contain- ed in seawater, either ip solution or as microscopic elements. When the world evolved frim a mass of gas and fused matter into a liquid, boiling sphere, this universal ocean *bee - ed all the ,subbstances that were not as yet combined or solidified. When the earth cooled off and the rocky crust was formed, most of its com- ponents left traces be the waters in which they originated. ' ' At first Mght it would appear that this'theory is easily proved by chem- ical analysis. Yet, in spite of our highly perfected 'methods this is not always passible, because some ele- rnents are found in the oceans in such infinitesimal quantities, that tons and tons of water would con- tain only about a, fraction of one - thousandth of a grapy, Therefore, to solve our problem we must enlist the assistance of far more skilled chem- ists, than we are ourselves. We .know, for , example, that sew. water contains copper but we cannot isolate it because there is too little of i.t Yet it is constantly being dis- covered, isolated, assimilated and ut- ilized by somebody else—namely the majority of sea -invertebrates. It is a fact that Nature's , best chemists are not men but animals and plants. We ignore the marvel- ous and,inimitable processes which these organisms sueced in distinguish- ing and capturing in the abysmal depths, the molecules escaping our attention, which they so cleverly a- dapt to their own needs. Each of these creatures carries withie . itself a complete laboratory far research, analysis and synthesis, compared with which our laboratories are but rudi- mentary workshops, insufficiently equipped with primitive apparatus. Returning to our infinitesimal frag- ment of copper which we failed to locate in the' water, we find it in' the blood of the mollusc, that is ready to reveal its secret. The . bldod of the mollusc coagulates in blue clots and if we analyze -it we find that this coloring is due to the presence of salts of copper. We call this sub- stance '•hemlocyanin." Our ingenious mollusc is by no means an exception. It has innum- erable imitators no less adroit than itself. All molluscs and crustaceans manufacture the hemocyanin they re- quire. We find it even in the cal- careous skeleton of the coral and in the tissues of sea -weeds. The oceans house millions of billions of these creatures and each of them picks up its little share of copper and does something with it which we find im- possible to edo. Let us see whether we cannot per- haps find ;some other substances that are more easily discernible. Hy- gienists praise the virtues of sea -air and of many other 'things which con- tain iodine. The. seawater is full of iodine, it is saturated with it, but we cannot extract it directly because this is .done by the seaweeds. From the amicroscopic species to the larg- est varieties, all sea -weeds are gorg- ed with iodine, even the sim'j 1e grass wrack. 'To convince ourselves, we have only to burn a quantity of sea- weed, collect the ashes, wash and sift them and isolate the soda. The pure residue will consist of iodine. How th.e weeds do it is, of .course, a mystery to us. Not only the inhabitants of the deep sea but all nature in general is a chemical laboratory: The fruits and vegetables that we eat are cruc- ibles in which precious substances, carefully dosed, are mixed and fused. These substance -__ are necessary not only to the plants that manufacture them, but to us, for we cannot obtain them anywhere else in this correct dosage and preparation. Without the chemistry of the vegetable kingdom, no animal, whether herbivorous or carnivorous, could live, for even the carnivorous animal, by eating • the meat of the herbivorous One, absorbs the life-giving vegetable' substances incorporated in it.. If we depended only upon our own methods for ob- taining the iron, lime and other sub- stances of which our bodies are built up, we would` soon die of starvation, because our organisms would refuse to assimilate the rich crops. The microbes of the earth are ev- en more skilled chemists than the plants, because they accomplish the far more difficult task of working up organic waste -materials and convert- ing them into new minerals, which al- low the plants to restart the circle of their lives. Those operations, however, are far more difficult to ob- serve and study than the processes that are constantly going on in the seawater, especially as, in the latter are contained all . known elements. 'If we look for sillver we find it stor- ed by the corals and by a certain species of brown weeds (Feces), which also offer . us borax • and zine. Zinc is contained even in sea -grass, whicb also supplies manganese. De- posits of rubidium are stored by oys- ters in their shells, fluor -spar` by cor- als, strontium by certain sea -plants specialized in this industry, while phosphorus and arsenic are to be found in almost any creature of the sea. Certain substances are, of course, found in such considerable quantities in seawater that no special art is needed to isolate them. 'There is, in the first place, lime which abounds in seawater and is largely used by the marine fauna for the manufacture of their shells, carapaces, and bones. The lime is washed away from the continents by the rivers which cor- rode the calcareous rock. They carry it to the Seas. If we take a test sample of seawater we can easily iso- late in the test tube a considerable quantity of lime in form of a sul- phate. However, if we go about isolating this sulphate of lime from the es- sentially calcareous carapace of the lobster, we And not sulphate of lime but carbonate of calcium. The .same is true of oyster shells, corals, etc. In the seawater itself this substance is contained only in infinitesimal qu nrtities. Once more we are baffled by a `•i enysteriours and highly compl'icaated chemical operation. If it were per- missilble to use the word /miracle in connection with science, we could ask ourselves by what miracle the body eells of the creature, soaked with wa- ter at moulting -time, succeed in a few hours in absorbing the calcium sulphate frons the blood, treating it with their own supply of ammonia, manufacturing ammonium sulphate (later rejected as useless) and car- bonic acid and olbtaining by means of the latter the necessary quantity of calcium .carbonate, for the manu- facture of a new and more resistant carapace._ 'Another great chemist is the cuttle- fish. This creature finds itself with a surplus of the product of putrefac- tion that it distills like all other an- imals: tyrosin. Prolmlptly it gpes a- bout manufacturing fromthis sub- stance an oxidizing ferment and with it its precious ink, the poison gas with which the cuttlefish attacks its enemies, 'Sulphuric acid', that is vitriol in practically pure form, is manufac- tured by a large ,Mediterranean mol- lusc of the gasteropod family: The purpose of this 'chemical process is not to facilitate digestion, for the acid -(building glands do not even com- municate with the stomach of the creature. The vitriol is •used ex- clusively as an offensive weapon, to destroy the solid, calcareous and very prickly carapace of the sea -Urchin which is the gasteropod's favorite delicacy. Under the action of . the sulp'httieie 'acid the hard calcium car- bonate is converted into the easily breakable sulphate of, lime and no longer constitutes a protection from enemy attacks. We ,could go on ,indefinitely quot- ing examples of the marvelous chem istry of these' apparently inferior beings. But their doings remain a sealed mystery to us—a mystery as great as that of the methon, by which the aiboee-mentioned gastero- pod prevents its vitriol, from corrod- ing its own glands. Village Of Old Folk ,Whiterey village in Surrey has been called the happiest community of old people in England: It is a beautifully wooded estate of 225 acres, about two mile. froom Wal- ton -on -Thames and Weybridge. There are wide lime avenues like boulevards winding rhododendron walks through shady woods, an ornamental pond, playing fields, tennis courts, bowling greens. In the heart of this Elysium are 256 cottages, with their trim gardens bordering quiet roads, the majority one -floor 'bungalows. In these live gentle old women and peaceful old men. A writer in London Tit -Bits tells the story 'of, this interesting place: 'When William Whiteley, founder of a big store, died in 1907, he left a n -inion pounes for the purpose of providing homes for men over sixty- five and women over sixtyyveterans of industry who had worked all their lines and wanted to be , quiet and happy for the rest of. their days. Owing to the conditions of the bequest, the scheme was a long time getting under way. Burhill, as the estate is called, was not . acquired until 1911. By August, 1914, only, a few cottages and staff buildings had been erected. Then the war held up feether building, rt was late in 1917 before the first elected villager, a woman, took up residence, To -day the trust not only pays its way out of interest, but has increas- ed its investments and land holdings to one and a half millions. The trustees have 'been able to settle, 107 men and 232 women, in- cluding forteesix emlarried couples, comfortably. The eottages are spaced out on an octagonal site. Each has a sitting room with recessed sleeping apart- ments; bath and kitchen, those for married couples being on the same lines, but Iarger. A staff cottage is attached to each of the eight groups. Bell pushes are provided in both living rooms and bathroom so that a cottager can summon assistance whenever he or she needs it, and the staff cottage is in telephonic communication with administrative headquarters. It has a post -office where old age pensions can beallrawn; a large hall for plays, concerts and lectures; a well -stocked library, a grist house where villagers' friends can ..mak@a short stay; a workshop for tse with constructional hobbies; a com- munal kitchen; a general store for the purchase of foodstuffs and other necessities; a Motor bus service for outside shopping and occasional pleasure rides. 'Each inmate must have a mere - mum assured income of £10 lOs per annum, a. maximum of £60 in the case of single persons and £75 in the case of married couples. This is for food and incidentals. The trustees provide the house and most of the furnishings, electric light and fuel, with certain restrictions and', where necessary, a cash allowance up to 5s a week.wiith le 6d meal allowance. according to the villagers' income. Altogether, each villager is assured of an incolnile of at least 12s 6d a week, exclusive of meal allowance, so long as the funds of the trust per- mit. The staff includes a medical officer and qualified nurse, a dentist and a chiropodist. The villagers thus get welfare services and medicine free. Architecturally, the village is as beautiful as modern ideas can make it. It is 'built of a softetaned red brick. When you enter by the main gateway, y'ou encounrbet a sylvan Utopia. The estate itself is as lovely as any English shire, a sort of man- orial parkland embowered deep in shady woods; the village, a garden suburb iz which the aged haiee learn- ed the art of growing old graoefuily fi isiiisutte from Worry and care. (Condensed from Popular Mechanics (Magazin, in leragazine Digest), In an electrically operated hot- house, on the roof of the General Electric Research Laboratory ac Schenectady, scientific "farmers" are growing crops which would make the real farmer stare in incredulous am- azement. For instance there was a grape- fruit plant six weeks old, two inches) tall and in full flower --as remarkable a belly grapefruit as a boy in romp'. ers with a full beard, for under nor- mal conditions this plant does net flower until it is from five to ten years old. Sugar cane, cotton, tomatoes, Cali- fornia redwood -tree seedlings,- lemon plants, are growing side by side in this roof -tap greenhouse, at first ,glance one big and happy family of plants from every clime. 'A closer in- spection, however, reveals that these flowers, fruits and vegetables are radically different from those in field and garden. Some of them even -show abnormalities. One wonders whether they are a promising crop until one learns that these plants are not meant to pro- duce a crop at all. Instead some of them niay be the great -great-grand- fathers of our plants in the future. For in this labor 'tory* two experi- menteds, C. P. Haskins and C. N. :Moore, are subjecting seeds, • plants, bulbs, and flowers` to the energy of x-rays in an effort to realize the dream of the• experimental biologist —that of changing the hereditary characteristics of plants and animals, to create new species at will in less time than Mother Nature which takes thousands of years to bring about the.,evolution of species. In his attempt to outwit nature man has subjected living matter to the action of heat and 'cold, chemi- cals and ,electric current"s, and_ al- ways normal reproduction has fol- lowed. As a result, the farmer has been depending on hybridization, cleverely using chance variations to perpetuate such improvements as might oe ur at random. Only in the last few years has sci- ence realized the tremendous poten- tialities of X-rays in the alteration of heredity and the production of new animal and vegetable species. The work is as yet in its initial stage but the practical results already ob- tained in improving varieties of plants are most encouraging to in- vestigators. 'In California, for `in- stance, two improved variants of cot- ton were produced, one. promising an increased yield of cotton -seed 'meal, and the other with seeds free and un- attached to the fiber, which may greatly simplify the costly ginning process. Other experimenters have produc- ed barley growing on vines, instead of stalks, potatoes with more arid larger tubers, and several new varie- ties of tobacco. These were literally blasted into existence along with a number of others discarded because deformed or abnormal. The -mechanism• of these changesis only partly understood at present, but it is in some way tied, up with modification of the chromosomes, that is, the determiners of the here- dity which lie at the centers of the cell nuclei. These heredity units are directly affected by the X-rays and new patterns of life are thus being formed. by a cofmlbination of chance and choice, for the same'X-ray, used under identical conditions, may cre- ate life, deform, destroy it slowly or instantly. To -day it is mostly a. matter of aiming the invisible rays at , an in- MOTQRiNG , TO TORONTO HOTEL WAVERLEY HAS ALWAYS BEEN POPULAR WITH MOTORISTS BECAUSE OF ITS FINE ROOMS -NASTY INEMNSIVE: FOOD AND PARKING FACT ' ES, THE GARAGE '1S ONLY ONE. MINUTE WALK. ATTENDANTS TAKE CARS TO GARAGE AND RETURN THEM WHEN RE. GURMED, PLENTY OF CURB PARKING SPACE. RatSingle Si50 to 53.00 Rat__ Double 53.0.0 to $ .00 E. a POWELL. Nei. HOTEL WAVERLEY Spading Avenue and College .Street 1 4wuie Ter Fokkr 11. visible object, trusting to chance, for, to produce a hereditary mutation the rays must affect the germinal• cell rather than the body cells of the or- ganism. This hothouse itself is a marvel of 'precision" farmdnlg, 'Where tempera- tures are maintained constant .by means of ingenious )electric -heated, thermostat -controlled elements a n d where every slightest change in tem- perature is carefully recorded. Fruit flies, small fish and caterpil- lars have also been studied to a lim- ited .extent. Caterpillars which dif- fered 'materially from their ancestors were produced by subjecting cocoons, moths and eggs to dosages of X-rays. He who cares to speculate, might well vision the day when ma nwiil be independent of 'nature in the de- velepment of new forms of plant and animal life adapted to his particular needs. Perhaps tropical fruit will be made to grow in northern ltitudes. The inborn caution of allexperi- menters ,does not keep them from sounding a note of hopefulness about future .possibilities which, according to Mr. Haskins, are nearly endless. A cold -resisting orange type might well extend the citrus fruit orchards. far to the north, with enormous re- duction of expenses in transportation, handling and ground hire. New.veg- etables and new flowers might be evolved, and the general life -level of humanity raised at the same time. In all this future application the electrical industry will play an im- portant part. It may also be able to make a spbbstantial contribution to- ward the solution of the problem of the .present day X-ray geneticist, for, that is the ultimate goal of these sci- entific farmers. If it -is attained, these men, shooting their invisible light at the very foundations of life, will offer the electrical industry's. own particular gift to the , farmer, the florist and, perhaps,the animal breeder—i'he power to create plant and animal varieties at will. • (Despite the heavy export during the past crop year of Canada's grain,. the Dominion enters the new crop year with a carry-over of 212,000,000 bushels of wheat, or over one-third more than was on hand on August 1 last year. The carry -aver of other grains will exceed, 60,000,000 bush- els. The temperatures in North and Central China are similar to those in Canada, 'while South . China is sube tropical, similar to the British West Indies and 'Canrtrel America. The seasons in China are similar to those, inCanada, although in •Central and Southern China intense "Treat with high humidity is experienced from June to Septelmber, the winters being raw and rainy during the months of January, February and March. General Fall Work. Fall can be a fairly busy season in the garden, Next to Spring this is the period when Nature is most ac- tive, There are certain vital opera- tions, such as preparing plants and beds for winter conditions, planting bulbs for Spring blooming and har- vesting, Then again there are alter- native or voluntary jobs which can be carried out in the Autumn, or if preferred left until Spring. In the latter category, comes tree planting and the setting out of roses, and other shrubs. In very rmiJd sections of the country such as the 'British Calumlbia coast, 'certain seeds, where a very early start is wanted, may be sown before the Winter sets in. Early Fall is just as good a time as spring in which to sow grass seed and move most of the perennial flowers and has the added advantage of giving these things a much earlier start than would be the case where Moving or sowing was put off until six or seven months hence. , Winter Preparations. Even in the far north it is a bit too early to begin active preparations. for Winter but it is not too soon any- w'here to keep the approaching sea- son in mind when working in the garden. Cultivation . and watering which are 'growth stimulants should be used sparingly as late growth on such things as trees, ..shrurbs, climbers and any other wooden plant which are perennials, will be too tender to sur- vive ordinary winter conditions. It is a good thing to Barden Miele plants a month or two before the hard frosts set in. In the conemercial fruit or- chards, quickly growing cover, crops of )buckwheat, oats, or clover are sown about the first 'of July and all cultivation stappe'd4 These cover crops use up surplus 'moisture and tend to harden new growth arid put it in shape to survive the Winter, in addition, of course, to help ripen and color the fruit. With roses., flow- ering shrubs, currents, re pberries, climbers and other ornamental and useful plants it is advisable to strop nearby cultivation before fall' and sometimesto use up surplus cultiva- tion by having annual plants set near by. Spring k'lowering Bulbs. (September is the ideal month to plant tulips, hyacinths, daffodils and other bulbs which will fill the garden with (vivid and generous bloom from the time the last snows -depart until well into June. It is true, that in the warmer districts of Canada, these spring flowering bulbs can be set out- side almost up to December, and in such districts actual planting is best delayed until late ISeptem'ber and Oc- tober, but in any case . purchases should be made early in the season while the seed stores have the finest and most ample collection. Natur- ally as this phase of gardening be - canes more popular there is a great- er run on the newest and best varie- ties and earl comers here, as in most other thing are the least apt to be disappoint Too much emphasis cannot be lai on quality. There is a vast difference in bulbs just as there is sometimes quite a difference in price. For the big, full sized blooms only No. 1 bulbs should be consider- ed. Such are heavy, free from all mildew and other defects and run at least twice the size of the cheapest stock. The tulip, daffodil and hya- cinth, come along so • early in the spring that the flower must depend almost entirely on the food stored up in the fall planted bulb, hence the size of that flower is absolutely de- termined by the size and quality of the bulb. Practically any color can be obtained in these bulbs and by the use of the early tulips and the later Darwin and Breeders, for in- stance, the season of bloom may be extended up to the time the first of the regular gardlen flowers are ready. All. these bulbs in addition to the beautiful Narcissus, can also be planted in pots for indoor bloom and by successional planting at ten day intervals from now on, it will be possible to have flowers from Christ- mas until (Spring. A r