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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Huron Expositor, 1932-04-15, Page 3til Seen its is din ik :Family is Bereft of :Elder Daughter. A gloom was cast over this corn- ' 'munity when it ware -learned on Mons. r, iday Iruarning than' sdbex' M�rMitlan, .elder daughtee of Me and Mrs. P. . 'McMillan, living luau at the east - "..6;11 outishii tnef the village, had: paF.E- •ed' away following an illness of 1:zile more team a week with pneumonia. Isobel, who was 18 years of age, was lire third form of High Sc1ioo1, and Riad attained 'a favorable statinling, in her Easter tests..She was present at •scheo'1 until the elosingg for the Eas- ter holidays .,but. ,was .confined to her riuom shortly after with a cold w':t.ch developed into. pneumonia resulting• in her untimely passing just a week later., :. Lunknow Sentinel: • 1- 1 44414 •, Coates -Cliff. The marriage .of 'Mrs. Martha ,Louisa Cliff, of Victoria Street, Gode- eich, to Mr. Aaron 'Coates, of Bramp- ton, was quietly solennnized at Knox church manse, 'Stratford, on Thurs- day afternoon,March 24th. The cou- ple were unattended. Rev. George iR'owland, minister of the church, offi- ciated. Immediately after the cere- •tmony Mr. and Mrs. Coates returned -to the groom's home in Brampton, where they will reside. — Goderich Signal:' • Forbes Miller's New Boat. Mr.•.'Foribes Miller has completed the 'building of a motor launch.at his service station, and expects to have it in operation within a very short time. The craft measures 15 feet 4 'inches over all and will seat six passengers. It is "powered by a two -horsepower motor, which, like every other part 'of the boat, iron or wood,, was 'built Madame Lacroix's delicious ° CHOCOLATE LAYER CAKE el cup butter 1 cup sugar 2 eggs 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 1 cup milk 23i cups pastry flour (or 2 cups and 3 tablespoons of bread flour) ' 3 teaspoons Magic Baking Powder eif teaspoon salt Cream butter; add sugar, a little at a time, beating until tight; add beaten yolks and flavoring; add flour, sifted with salt and baking ,powder, alternately with milk" Fold in stiffly beaten egg whites. Bake in 3 greased layer cakepans in moderate oven at 375°F. about 20 minutes.•Recipefor Chocolate Icing and Filling is in the Magic Cock Book. Why Magic Baking Powder is used exclusively at this Montreal School of Domestic Science "We teach our students only the surest methods," says Madame R. Lacroix, Assist- ant Director of the Provincial S'c'hool of Do- niestic Science, Montreal. "That's why I always use and recommend Magic Baking Powder. Its high leavening quality is always uniform. You get the same satisfactory re- sults every time you use it." s ' And Magic Baking Povvder is the ;unquestioned .choice in the major-. :i1y of -cooking schools throughout -'the Dominion. Cookery teachers -- and housewives, too—prefer Magic because of its consistently better - results. .Free Cook Book—When you bake :at h'otlie, the 'new Magic Cook Book will give you dozens of recipes • for delicious baked foods. Write to .Standard Brands Ltd:; Fraser Ave. ,and Liberty St., Toronto, Ontario. a'r''0#ri .41 t't:oNTnrtvs rio at'UIN... Tarsi &tato. Mehl on tivo.y tin is our aurnan.See tftat 'Wale Baking Pooreer is free from dlym or any harm- ful ingredient. • tl: avers '1 by Mr. 'Miller• andhis assistants at the garage, 'Andy the eaatings hav- ing been made out o,.town. The crate is undergoing .s1 few guts of plaint, after which it will be' ready for the water. Mr. 'Miller is awaiting suit- albile i weather for the trial.—Goderich 'Signal. Refitting Planing Mill. ,With the annoiurueehnent that new Machinery will shortly be installed at the 'Goderich Planing ,'Malin, Camfbrie road, is coupled the sta'te'ment that the imill, which for the past year has been used merely as a storage house in 'connection with the Kaliefleisch mill at Zurich, will in the near future t-e- suime its former activity. Anew con- crete floor was laid in the rear Dart of the plant Iest week, preparatory to the placing of the new machinery, which will include a planer., a ripper a shaper and jointer, also a ripsaw, a cut-off saw, a :handsaw and a new motor. Mr. Geo. Westbrook, manag- er 'off the mill, states that the nein move has been made necessary by the increasing volume of business, which has developed to ,such an extent that the mill at Zurich has been found in- adequate to cope with it. It was planned a year ago .te refit the God-. erich mill, but owing to the" general -slackness of business at that time and erose it was not found' necessary to !o so. The mill was 'purchased by Fred C. Kalbfleisch, of Zurich, about i year ago.--Goderich Signal.. Roulston-Howald Nuptials. A -very pretty wedding took place at the home of iMr. and Mrs. E. 4. •Hiiowald at two o'clock on Wedness day afternoon of • last week when their only' daughter, 'Muriel D., was united .in marriage with Mr. Verne Langford Roulston, only son of Dr. Gs F. and Mrs. Roulston. The cere- mony was performed by 'Rev. 'Dun= :an Mw:Tawish in the presence of ,the '.rediate relatives and •friends she contracting parties. -- Goderieh Signal. Holds a Unique Record. , Brussels boasts of- one of the most ambitious War 'veterans in this part of the p: ovince, Roy Thuell, whose lever lin•:r s are completely par lyz- ed, 'and who gets • around with the aid of a, pair of crutches; recently split 12 cords of stovewood in two - -afternoons at his home. 'He uses :t short -handled axe and operates it while sitting 'on a chair. •Mr. Thuell is a married map and owns a •l0 -acre plot in the southern part of --the town. -Brussels Post. •• Big Crowd at Police Court. Great interest was shown in the proceedings at 'Police Court held here last Thursday. It appears that Earl Underwood had his jaw broken dur- ing a scuffle at • a dance held in •the Bluevale Hall. The result was an assault -charge laid against Jolla Thynne and Joseph Smith. On con- sidering the evidence _the charge against Thynne was, dismissed, '',lilt 'Smith was cone -rated for trial in a higher court.--iWingham Advance - Times. Mrs. William 'Barbour. A gloom was east over the com- munity of;'Whitechurch when it was learned that Mrs. Wm. Barbour had passed away Sunday night. ,Mrs. Barbour had been ill for, over ,a year but steadily became weaker. She was a friend to all, an enthusiastic W. M. S. worker of which . society she was a life 'member, always taking an ac= t'ive interest in all branches of church work. Prior -to to Church Union . she was a memiber of Chalmer's church. Her illness she bore with patience and fortitude and kept up her reading to the last. 'Her huslbalad suevives to mourn her, also one sister, Mrs: Bare= ram, of • eeplilton. Her daughter, the late Mrs. Harry MeClenaghan, prede- ceased her same years ago. She was in her 73rd year and had been mar- ried for 47 years last month. Death (brought release from a long illness and her many friends marvelled at her constant 'cheeriness Wingham Advance=Times. ZdadclnCaaada • Suffers Badly Lacerated Foot. Three youths, Doug Clark, Dong 1Vla'cDon&d and Elliott Webster, had a bike' abruptly halted Iast Friday when ••'Doug IMaeDonald suffered a (badly lacerated foot, which required twelve stitches to close the wound. The young fellows were on a day's outing and at noon hour, ,preparations were commenced for making dinner. Doug MacDonald was using a sharp hatchet splitting kindling for the camp fire when in some 'manner it slipped, splitting has rubber boot and 'socks and inflicting a deep gash in the 'top of }his foot.—Lucknow Sent- inel. First Boat of 1932 Enters, Harbor. The blowing of whistles at the her - bra. early Tuesday evening acclaimed the arrival in port of the first boat of the season, and thus happy days are here again. The boat was the Aeadialite of the Imperial Oil fleet, with 'Captain Earl Jenkins,, a Gode- rich-feint boy, at the' helm. Naviga- tion opening.here this year was eight days earlieathan last year. The Alcad- ialite'brought 800,000 gallons of'gaso- tete; of Which approximately 500,000 gallons were unloaded here. She oleared for Owen Sound in the early hours of Wednesday rmiorning with the balance of her cargo.--(Goderich Star. Death of Mrs. Jennison. After a somewhat 'prolonged illness the death occurred at about half past ten on Saturday night, Aipril 2nd, of 'Mfrs. Jennison, wife of Mr. Richard Jennison, of Isaac Street, Clinton. Mrs. Jennison was 'born in England, her tettedetl" name (being Jane Eliza- beth (Mennen, daughter of the late William MenneIl 'and his wife, Annie 'Contsitt 'Mlennell. Mrs. Jennison is survived by her nwow ibereft husband and one s'o'il, 'Thomas Jennison, of Swift Current, Sask.; three daugh- ters, 'Mrs. J. T. Watts, of Carroll, 'Mans; Mrs. Fred Weir, Swift Cur- rent, attfl M'rs'. Robert J. Fisher, of ClInton MOM' 1 ' ' 'e'ws4Ra 4'e., PeCidiar Amoral. A very peieuldar 12ttle, aniftn'al we4s 'disioovered 'by ,thou O'Brien, son Mx. 'Chris,! Q Brlen, Tupkerstnjth, ette ''day recently in the yard. lit lied a !body similar .to' a mole and or fall lvfery .m t Weil a meat, i,ta hint'; legs and feet" resembling eat of a bird and the head was a most inter- esting affair. No eye's or ears or mouth other than a. little opening about the size of a 'pinhead. ilt was brought to the Agricultural Repres- ent tine resew in, tuen -sent it to Ot, ewe • for• identifications —t Gunton; News -Record, Back to the Farm. 141r. IMorlee Jordan, who has been assisting in Mr. C. G. I:,olbie's grocery store for some time, has purc'hasedi the- farm. of IMr. William Brigham, near Londeslboro, and takes posses- sion almost at once: Mr. Jordan's cottage, Albert Street, is being taken in exchange by Mr. Brigham;, 'Who will move into Clinton.—Clinton News ellecord. Another Pioneer Called Home. Last Saturday evening Fraser Em. bury of the 4th line, passed away at his home in his 88Th year after being confined to his bed only the past week. Some four years ago deceased was also seriously ill and these were the only illness that deceased had during his life here. Deceased was morn near Kingston and about 63 years ago came up into Morris township and for the past 31=years has resided on lot 22, 4th concession. Over fifty years ago he married Mary Bell, who. died in • 1919 and is survived by one daughter, Elizabeth (Mrs. Thomas Mills), of Grey township; and one sin, Gordon'.'at home. Another daughter, Hazel, died some years ago. iVIr': Embury is also survived 'by two sisters in the States and two brothers in the Canadian West. All his life he was a great lover of hprses-arid for over 30 years always•••went north to hunt the deer and •only • stonpe. this sport some six years ago. He was a staunch 'Consert'ative and was :or many years a membeir of the Winghanr L. 0.•• L.—Brussels Post. Mrs. John Rickbeil Passes. •Word has been received here of the death •of Mrs. Diana Rickbeil, widow. of the late John Rickbeil, which took place at the home of her daughter, Mee; Diana Zellers, of Kit- chener, on March. 24th. The deceased who was in her 75th year, was a for- mer resident of Zurich, and visited .with relatives here last fall. The re- mains were taken to 'Worthington, =Ylinn., for burial. Besides hei; own children she is survived by a brother, Mr. William Kaercher, and sister, Miss Agnes Kaercher, of Hay town- ship, and a sister, Mrs. John Gellman, of Zurich. -:~'Hier husband, the late John •Rielebeil, passed away some -.-nine. 'ears ago.—Zurich Herald. Mr. and Mrs. Peter Manson, who have lived for the past year at Hen - sail, where they purchased a property have !m wed back on • their farm on the Goshen Line, north, and their many frien.d•s indeed, welcome them again 1n our midst. Mr. and Mrs. Lorne D. Manson, who have been lirv. ing on • the farm, have move:d to• Thorndale: Zurich Herald, Case Dismissed. Judge ,Sedgewick at .the assizes in London, disniissed the claim of E:i Bice, 'Glandeboye farmer, for $5,000 personal damages, but awarded him $1.2.50 for damages to his buggy. Bice was suing Mervyn Jones and the Jones Box and Label Company, of London, over an accident ;that oc- curred on October 12th.. Bice •told the court that he was proceeding south on No. 2 highway driving a horse and buggy, when a car driven by Jones crashed into him from the rear. He blamed the accident for diabetes., heart, lung and kidney trou- bles and injuries to his spine as well as a general breakdown. He claimed a lighted lantern was, on the buggy.— Zurich Herald. Mr. • Geo. McDonald Has Sudden Call. Goderich friends were startled by the news of the sudden death on Tues- day of Mr. George McDonald, former proprietor of the restaurant now known as Crich's restaurant. Mr. McDonald, we understand, was at his home at Bluevale at the time and was in conversation standing beside a car at the time he was seized by a heart attack. elVluch sympathy is felt with Mrs. •McDonald and her daugh- ter, Miss Margaret Wilson, and the deceased's two sons. —Goderich Star. Survey is Planned for Auxiliary Class. • Action has been taken by the pub- lic school board to 'halve a survey of Goderich public schools trade by Dr. Amass, of the Department of Educa- tion, in April and May to determine the number of pupils who should be placed in a special class for instruc- tion. This was decided on by the Pub- lic School Board at its April meeting on Monday evening in Victoria schoo. The Board also decided not to take action with reference to the appoint- ment of a 'musical instructor.—Gode- rich Star. - ZURICH Intended for last week • Hay Council Meeting.—The regu- lar monthly meeting of •tiheeouncil of the Township of Hay was' held in the town hall, Zurich, on Monday, April 4th, with all the .mienvbers present. The minutes of the previous meeting were adopted- as read. A commtinica- titon from the 'Department of High— ways showing that the :swbsidy to be allowed on tihe expenditures on town- ship roads r in 1901 amounted to $2,719.36. A number of other com- munications were ordered 'filed. The "Instrurctions to Township Road Com- missioners," a copy of which is at- tached, was approved ber the council and the Clerk ordered to forward a copy thereof to ^ace Road Com`mis- sioner and include same in the min- utes. The Hollowing resolutions were passed: That Bylaw No. 6, 1932, con- fia-ming the appointtnents of Rad Oo'mimlissioners for the various road divisions for 1932 be read three theee and finally passed, with the name of Adelbert'Sm•ith replacing the name Of Simon Hofi'man• en Road Division NO. 8 (a) Who ietigi'ied, That Bylaw leo. the . eeeete t timeg e eo its !Vele.,,a chip •xoadelt tele; countslbe Township lloq�tl iw arius►neyt►x' e read'' lx e; ser... TliiM ae... enftis pn 't',q'VA''d*, and general ae- per voudlie 's., dantin, pay bat,. oa. G, $6,134,' ` :ilfil1 r, pay Busy, ,load $, $5k49; i. 1,I�gi]Finan, pay licit, Road a., $5.46. ,S *Iv pay list, Rand 2; $2- A Mous'segrie pay list, Road 4, p$fh.oneTeephttopn)estjAenagnrytsto—(BeFebll ruTae i $65.52; Srom' ergdQarlson Tel. elf Co., material, $113.26; 'Northern El trie 'Co,, material,' $10'&.87; Econo oral Fire Insurance . Co.," inseeep 17.20; Zurich 'Centaa•1,• ;wit ,ting fo weeks, $64; P. Mesaac, salary;.. labor account; $506,40; L. Sehil'be Son, ''coal, central -;office; $20.44; H. Hess labor, etc., $90.67 GGeneral. counts $1912. Edigh'offer, salary ,an postage, assessor, . $123;',14; F. E Ducharme, School Attendance Office fees, $2.7'5; 'bala'nce: school money fo 1931, $6992.29. The council journed to meet again on Monda May 2nd, at 1.30 o'clock in the afte noon.—%A. F. ''Hess, Clerk. Instructions to Road Commission ers, Township of Hay. — Townshi Road 'Commissioners 'are responsilbl to the Township Road Superintenden and the Superintendent is responsibl to the council, -:for carrying out th work of maintaining the townshi roads. The fallow+ifng rules -and regu lations should be strictly .adhered to •1. +Commissioners' should.co-operat fully with the Township Road Sup erintendent and the township council. Before work of anersespecial or ex- pensive nature is undertaken, •per- mission for doing the work should be obtained from the Township Road. Superintendent. When holes or bad spots appear in the roadway the Com- missioner should immediately have same repaired before any damage or accident occurs. When the toad needs dragging the 'Commissioner "should arrange to . hav'e this done. The best time for dragging is after a rain or after the frost is out of the ground. .27—Commissioners should give each ratepayer in their respective divisions a fair Orionhiof the road Work. The amounts to; .be earned by each rate- payer can be obtained by dividing the prant•into;such portions that will give each •ratepayer a chanceto earn the amount asisessed' against their land for the township road rate. • If the giant is: larger than this, each ratepayer should' be allowed to earn a proportionate share .of the surplus. 3. Only the best of material obtain- able should' be used on the.road. Do not allow any quicksand or inferior quality of gravel to_be_pleeed on -th. road. It costs the same money , to haul good•gravel as poor stuff. 4. Keep all drains and autletS affecting the road in good condition, especial] in the spring and the fall, Do not change any, watercourse or make new drains without the permission •of the Superintendent.. '5.. .:See that all nox- ious weeds growing on the roadside are cut down and destroyed at the proper time. Do not allow weeds to go to seed. 6. Take good care of any road machinery in•your charge. See that same is repaired wh'en'"iieed- ed and that the bearings are well oil- ed 'before using. 7. Do not employ help outside your division when same can be obtained in your own' division. 8. Do not spend more money in your division than- the amount of your grant. An estimate is made each year of •money needed for road im- provement•and the rates are fixed to provide this amount. If the money spent is more than the . grant the township finances will show a deficit at the end of the year. The grant made to your division includes the cost of gravel and material. 9. Keep a correct account of.the time of each man and team, or man only, employ- ed. Time books are supplied free of charge and can be obtained; at the office of the Township Clerkfl Pay lists are also' supplied to each Com- missioner arid should be presented 24 hours before the council meets so that a check of same can be made. Pay lists should be presented monthly. 10. Rata of pay for the year 19'32: Man and team, 40c per hoar; com- missioner and team, 40c per hour; pian only, 20'c per hour„ commission- er only, 25c per hour; three horses and man,. dragging and grading, 50e per 'hour; 1'Sc per hour for use of mower cutting weeds; snow* roads work on snow roads will not be paid for unless done with the consent of the Road Superintendent. All per- sons drawing gravel shall use wagon box 15 inch sides and ends over and above the bottom of the box. Isstfed' and approved by grder of the 'Coun- cil of the Township of Hay. ry, g• ec- mi- ce, ur and G. Ac - d or ad- d, r- ip e t e e p e • STAFFA Intended for last week. The Staffa baseball boys held their annual meeting on Saturday evening. The •officers of the previous year were re-elected. The boys are ready for the fine weather and Nape to continue to hold the 'cup this coming year. Mrs. David Bruce returned to her home after spending. a couple of Months with her daughter, Mrs. Jackson, of Windsor. Mr. and Mrs. George Tuflin and family accompanied by Mrs. McGill andfamily, visited with friends in Stratford. lMr. and Mrs, A. W. Norris made a business trip to London. The Young People's Society of the United Church held its regular meet- ing featuie by a debate, "Resolved, that country people have more ad• vantages than city people." The neg- ative side won by one point. A social' hour was spent and lunch was serv- ed. Mrs. Archie Miller and son George, are spending a few days with friends in Stratford. Isolation Hospitals Our older readers may recall the time when they used to hold their breath in passing a house 'which was placarded for a communieable dis- ease. They may also remember that isolation hospitals were built away from the residential area, .and that the smallpox hoepital was eegarded as a pest house.. r - :That attitude can be understood wheal we realize that, in _the least,' it was generally believed that the coin - - ":1 11 GRIBEIRIPLeaRlielleilliteMeeeleiM Mr. Merchant, the tithe has come fee you to prepare. for the heavy Sl l a mer business that is sure to be yours' . for you to see that you have plenty of counter check books . . " plenty of statements . . . plenty of letterheads, envelopes - . . . in fact, Mr. Merchant, the time has ` come to see that all ygur printing is in order and ready for the' work it will be called upon 'to do. For over seventy,..years we have been helping merchants with their every printing problem : " Phone us at 41 and take advantage of this ser- vice . . let us submit prices and samples.. _. Iniellianenesgaagseggenenneem IMISINIEnamninagmegmaamin THE HURON EXPOSIT(DR McLean Bros., Publishers 4aPL Established in 1860 at Seaf orth, Ontario. m•unieable diseases were air -borne. It was during the same period also that sewer -gas was -considered to be a ser- ious menace and was regarded as the cause of many ills. • We know now that disease is not air -borne, and we know too that the germs of disease are usually spread in 'a, fairly direct manner from the sick to the *ell, or 'by the tr nsfer • enee of fresh, germ laden secretions. The sick are isolated in order• to set up a 'barrier• which will prevent ,con- tact of the sick with the well, and so stop any chance of the transfer- of secretions. Isolation hospitals ,are required be- cause in many homes ,it is not pos- sible to isolate the case. To begin with, the home may be overcrowded and so a separate room is not avail. able. The case of communicable dis- ease requires nursing care, and the mother who has other children to look after cannot give her whole t2me to the case: If the case is a serious one, then the treatment facilities of a hospital are required as they are in any serious illness. The community which has aft isola- tion 'hospital has something for whicn to be thankful. Sudh an institution is a treatment facility which aids irl protecting the whole community and which provides hospital. care for those who, for one reason or another, res quire i't. It has only been comparatively re- cently that the public have looked favorably upon hospitals. They used to be regarded as places which were to be avoided at all costs. Now they are recognized for their true wortn as life saving institutions. To a cer- tain extent, the old view still persists with regard to isolation hospitals, and many parents hesitate to commit their children to the care of these institu- tions. The isolation hospital differs from other hospitals only in that it limits its admissions to cases of communi- cable aisease. The facilities for treatment and tee care given to pat- ients are of just as high an order as in other hospitals" 'W'e are now coming to the time when isolation hospitals will net be built away from the community, but will form part of the general hospi- tal. There is no danger in an isola- tion hospital. Itis one of the safest places in the world, because the nec- essary precaution's are taken there to prevent the spread of disease germs. Why Cosgrave is Out And De Valera is In There is no chance whatever that in writing about the situation in' Ire- land, we shall be imperiling our rar- est gift, which is to make some read ers prettsb,, road. Nevertheless our absence of bias in the matter is noe short of m'agnifi'cent" If Ireland wish- es to be alhsolately indep'endegt, then we say let her be independent. If • • England does not wish to permit an- other foreign notion to spring up at her back door, .then we say let Eng- land not permit, this. Could anything be fairer? Nothing that we are cap- able 'of. Oux purpose now is to re- port what Stephen Gwynn has to say about the events following the set- ting up of the Free State. Mr. Gwynn is a distinguished writer, an adopted resident of Ireland and a former Na- tionalist memlber of Parliament. He appears to discuss the question in Current History in a dispassionate manner, pointing out . the good work of the Cosgave •Government and the dubious character of de Valera witn great impartiality. Perhaps we might say here that we think no less of de Valera because his father was a Spar1- iard. The new President was' raised in Ireland from his infancy and we do not doubt is as good and typical an Ireefiieleolitician as is to be found anywhere. Of Cosgrave, Mr. Gwynn says: "He has kept together a team of young men' who have established order where they found anarchy; who have so governed that Ireland's na- tional credit in its own •small meas- ure stands equal with Great Bri- tain's, and that unemployment is relatively lower than that of any other European country." Neverthe- less the government was not popular, a fact attested by the election whieh was held after Mr. Gwynn wrote. Qne of its handicaps was that only two 'meipibers of this government were widely known when they took office. They were Desmond Fitz- gerald, chief of propaganda of the Sinn Fein movement, and Richard Mulcahy, formerly chief of staff of the Republican army. Griffith was gone. The heroic Mike Collins had been assassinated, and Kevin O'Hig- gins, one of Cosgrave's ministers, al- so fell by a murder's hand five years ago. Despite all its unusual ability, and .perhaps there was not an abler national government anywhere in the world, it was° not thrilling. All the glamor was with de Valera who, ac- cording to Mr. Gwynn, "'has certain- ly conferred no benefit on Ireland since the treaty estalblishing the Ir- ish Free State was signed in 1921, and who was chiefly responsible for plunging 'Ireland in , civil was ten years ago." In those years Mr. le Valera has contrived to keep :himself heroic and true to the romantic tradition of the E+mmets and the Tones... On the other hand the Government has had to de a lot of hard unpleasant work. Its earlier work had to be done in an atmosphere of civil war which con- tinued to rage between 'Irishtmen who had united to oppose England. The government had one advantage : there was no opposition. There were a few Protestant (business men and Labor' memlbers in the' Dail, but the de Valera followers refused to take the oath and therefore did not corn tiifbu'te to the pro'ce'edings. But this lad its disadvantages too. Peprived of • i r to ti• r necessary criticism Cosgrave's minis- ter•s tended to be autocratic, for they • were nearly all extremely clever young men, impatient of inertia, and stupidity; and fired with enthusiasm I for their task. Thus they -were bad t politicians. But they did wore that i only a kind of Mussolini -like effici- ency and hardheadedness could have accomplished. It would not be unjust to say that they accomplished more for Ireland than had been accomplish- , ed iby Parnell or since Parvenell. Cosgrave's high-handedness is also 'seen 'in the record of military execu- tions -77 Irish Republicans shot as political offenders. This surpassed anything England had done and bred bitterness. The growing unpopularity of this Government was revealed in the elections of 1927 when it won only 44 seats in a house of 153. It" was shortly after this election that O'Higgins *as assassinated. The crime was denounced by all political parties, but undoubtedly the murder- ers were known and protected by those who sought ,to benefit by the crime. This led to new and 'more rig- orous laws 'being passed to put down the Republican army and to another act which forbade the election of any candidate who did not express his willingness to take the prescribed oath. At this de Valera, faced with the proipect of being urnalble to ex- ercise any influence in the Dail, cap- itulated, saying that he did not at- tach any importance to an oath thus obtained. Since then he and his fol- lowers, who constitute the Fianna Fail party, has worked in the House, a second election having considerably reduced their strength. But the existence of the Govern- ment was .precarious and in 193 Oit was defeated by two votes., on an issue arising out of old age pensions. Cosgrave resigned and de Valera was proposed. But Labor refused to sup- port him on the ground tha'tnhe did not explicitly acknowledge the authority of parliament and thus might endanger he foundations of the state. So Cosgrave was returned and held his position until the elec- tion of a few weeks ago, depending largely ori the support of Labor. But as time went on the old debellious spirit of the people manifested itself in the revival of the Irish Republican army and more assassinations. In this crisis the Catholic bishops intervened; denouncing secret societies and calling young men out of them. ' The re- sponse was surprising, and this . danger 'passed for the moment. But the strength of the Opposition pre- vented the last five years of the Cos- grovie Government from !being as • striking as the first •five. The de- pressioq,,,also struck Ireland, though perhaps less severely than Most other countries, The real failure of Obs - grave in Mr. Gwynn's opinion was that he made no gestures of defiance toward England and since'these'°gea- tures retain, mrost of their oldpopa latrine the subsegnezlt su'c'cess • ;" de Valera is adequately explained': s •" .5i