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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Huron Expositor, 1930-12-26, Page 601, =No • • n .1 I 1111111r 'CONTACT lhere arre ever ag ;Wit= telephonea tessISSYs 'A large percent - ;these 41:4Si Nrithin reaelt e Con- n lephoae %sera. Xereethan 70,- gssa tilay„t'hey place out-of-town eels- LOng Dietanoce telephoning has become a habit (with thousands. lane cansea of whieh the nOvellY ekawraper couetraction and the preys alence of shoestring ceastruction proe jeate ere two- a the most obvioes, Mime important than either, heweveri is the attitude a constructien work- men. Their trade inures them to dan- ger and they are, as a class, as will- ing to take risks for others as for themselves. A riveter who has seen three or four hundred red hot rilvets a day kept off the heads of the mem- bers of the Stock Exphange by an old tin can gets used to the idea. In a recent accident case a man had been injured in the street by the fall of a' hammer in use en a bukling half a block away. No possible wind veloc- ity (would account for the drift. _The only explanation was that the ham - leer had been thrown from one man to another. And had missed. RIVETERS The moat turious fact about a eter's skill is that he is not ane man but four; "heater," "catcher," "buck - and "gin -man." The gang is the unit. Riveters are hired and fir- ed as gangs, work in gangs, and learn ia gags. If one member of a gaag is absent on a given Morning the en- tire gang is replaced. A gang may continue to exist after its original members have all succumbed to slip- pery girders or to the temptations of life on earth. And the skill of the gang will continue with it- Men ov- erlap each other in service and teach each other what they know. The dif- ference between a gang which can -drive $525 heavy rivets in a die and a gang -which can drive 260 is a dif- ference of co-ordination and smooth- ness. You learn how not to make mistakes and how not to waste time. The actual process of riveting is simple enough -in destription. Rivets are carried to the job by the rivet boy, a riveter's apprentice whose ambition it is to replace one of the raemfbers of the gang. The rivets are dumped 'beside a small coke furnace which stands on a platform of loose beards roped to the steel girders and is tend- ed by the heater. He wears heavy clothes to protect him front the flying sparks, and he holds a pair of tongs about a foot and a half long in his right hand. His skill appears in his knowledge of the exact time neces- sary to heat the, rivets. If he over- heats the Steel, it win flake and the flakes Will permit the rivet to turn in its hole. That rivet will be condeurned. Wihen the heater judges that his rivet is right, he turns to the catcher, who may be above or below him or BO feet away on the same floor with the naked girders between. There is no means of handing the rivet over. It must be thrown And it must be accurately thrown. The catcher is armed with a battered tin can with which to catch the red-hot steel. The catcher's position is not exact- ly one which a sportsman catching rivets for pleasure would choose. He stands upon a narrow platform of loose planks near the connection upon which the gang is at work. If he moves more than a step or two, or loses his balance, he is gone. And if he lets the rivet pass, it is capable of 4z1rilling a man's skull 500 feet below as neatly as a shank of shrapnel. Why more rivets do not fall is the great mystery of skyscraper construction. The only reasonable explanation of- fered to date is the reply of an erec- tor's foreman who was asked what would happen if a catcher let a rivet ,go by while the streets below were crowded:. "Well," said the foreman, "he's not supposed to." There is practically no exchange of -words among riveters. They seem a- verse to ispeech in any form. The catcher faces the heater. He holds his tin can up. The heater swings his tomgs, releasing one handle- The red iron eras through the air is one •of those parabolas so much admired by the stenographers in the neighbor- ing windows. And the tin can clanks. The catcher picks the rivet out of his can with a pair of tongs and rams it into the rivet hole. Then the bucker -up braces himself with his dolly- bar, a short heavy bar of steel, against the capped end of the rivet. On catside wall work he is sometimes obliged to thold on by one elbow with his weight out over the street and the jar of the riveting shaking his precarious balance. And the gun- man lifts his pneumatic hammer to the rivet's other end. The gusaman's work is the hardest, physically. The 'hammers weigh A- bout 55 •pounds. They must be held a- gainst the rivet end with the gun- man's entire strength, for a period of 40 to 60 seconds. And the concussion -to the ears and to the arms is very great. The whole platform shakes and the vibration can be felt. down the column 30 stories below. Riveters work ordinarily eight hours a day at a wage of $15.40 a day- They are not employed in bad or slippery Weather, and they are not usually on the regular pay roll of the erectors, but go from job to job following foremen whom they like. There is no great future for a riveter. In fact, a riveter's future is not bright at all. The rates charged for 'compensation insurance are generally accepted as the best barometer of risk. Rates for riveters run from 1j28.45 to $30 per $100 of pay. The only higher rate is for wrecking work. For masons the rate is, $6.07 and for carpenters $4.8). Figures on indus- trial accidents published by the U. 8 - Department of Labor • bear the same connotation. In one year the fre- quency of accidents, per 1,000,000 hours' exposure, was 228.9 for fab- ricators and ("rectors as against 54 for general building. There was an adage at one time turrent to the effect that it cost a life to a floor to build a skystraper. The computation may have originated with a famous downtown building of 1.5 years ago in which, with steel, at the IflIth floor, five deaths had already teeurred. (The Travelers Insurance Company, called in to take over the insurance in that case, made a study of the conditions of the job, recom- Mended certain changes, enfaseed its °WO sliperVition alai saw the remain- -big 82 §-toilets bulk with but one more totality). Da to apply any such dule •to 70 -Story buildings would be absurd. Nelteathelese a bloOdless building is stiflMarvel. Five Hundred Fifth Ahrifetitte, W16,01, has had no deaths to datea iaitSed 'eta an object leason for Niiiderd by instirante coMpanies, and ttiovi1d' Buildings Which Wag, built tkolaget sat One life use award- .eartificate el it by the Build- ' !,'IgeltPlaYers' AiaetieiationS Wereithita on the Mans bitirkiy jr4, and lite Were - heels killed' on the the Middle Of OnlY. ...iaSts frOra three VY 1 RACKgTEERS AND ORGANIZED LABOR When the earreni nnensplosiment eriala was it its height, I had a talk with the secretary of a large buildingtradeS "IVfore than half our Maas" he said, "have been out of work Owe eaely in the fait Th el contractors are organized agaiest us 100 per cent: They're hiring scabs and we're losing control of tile jobs we've fought twen- ty years to improve." "Well?" I said. "Well, suppose* you were a respons- ible official of an organization of 10,- 000 men, all skilled werkmen and will- ing to work, ?but nearly 70 per cent. of them unable to find jobs in their trade, or any other trade. Remember that most of them are family men. They have mortgages on their homes and are paying for things on the ine stallment plan. They'll lose every- thing unless you, the official, get them their jobs. You're paid to keep them supplied with jobs . . What would you do if you were convinced that violence was the only means of saving the union?" It was not an easy queetion, to an- swer. He himself is opposed to vio- lence. They demand work and ex- pect the anion officials to get it. They are becoming violeacesminded. And eventually my friend will either have to hire sluggers and dynamiters to terrorize the seabs and scab -employ- ers or get out of the office. The gangsters who do the dynamit- ing and slagging for the unions re- alize that such, violence often saves unions from passing out; and eventu- ally it occurs to them that the fees that they get out of the union treasury are too small. They propose to give the union steady "protection" at so much per month, and if the union of- ficials reject such an offer, the latter very often are thrown out of office - sometimes ,physically -and their plac- es are taken by "gorillas" friendly to the "protection" idea. Although the great majority of trading unions as yet have nothingto do with racketeers and are steering clear of violence, the gangsters are making such swift progress that the situation deserves the concerned at- tention of social -minded people. Gangsterism, or racketeering, has became a powerful factor in America's national life. All sorts of industries and enterprises are coming under its control. But, perhaps the most egre- gious development of Tacketeering is withie the organized labor movement. Here racketeering is a vital factor in what the radicals call the class Strug- gle. In attempting to understand this phenomenon, the reader should bear in mind that even at best the indus- trial worker's life is ne picnic; that, while he has certain political rights and may quit his job and starve when- ever he has the inclination, his en- vironment does not very much out- shine the old environment of the chat- tel slave. To exist he must work and week hard. And ,an industrial crisis often deprives him of his job. In self-defense he joins other men in a labor union, to coerce collective- ly the 'capitalists into giving him more pay- He and his fellow-workets strike, and sometimes they gain their demands, but very oaten they lose. During strikes they are slugged or shot at by company guards, intimidat- ed and starved back to the job on the old terms. Then there comes a busi- ness depression -unemployment, wage cuts, kckouts . . . desperation. The union is their only hope, and they are willing to go to almost any lengths to preserve it. lnus, in the 1900's, large unions were 'driven to violence by the em- ployers' campaigns against them. The Ironworkers' union, particularly, had to contend with the National Frectors' Association, at that time the most ruthless body of open -shop employers in the country, backed by powerful steel interests. ,Builders and contractors employed scabs, refusing to give jobs to union men; and since a union can exist only when its members avork and pay their fees, the execudise council of the Ironworkers, supported by the des- perate membership, adopted -in 1905 -dynamite as the means to save the organization. Bombers were hired who went from city to city, carrying the dynamite in their suit cases on passenger trains, blowing up bridges and buildings erected by. non-union labor. As was revealed in the Mc- Namara trial in 1911, over 100 build- ings and bridges were dynamited. The intense unfavorable public re- action to the McNamara case, which sent 36 labor leaders to the peniten- tiary for long terms, caused the trade unions to abandon their strong-arm methods for a few years- Then, too, the War came along and, with the ris- ing wage scale, labor had little cause to complain. , Immediately after the War, howev- er, the unions once more found them- selves in a desperate struggle for ex- istence. The employers, taking adtantage of the widespread unemployment, a- long with anti-iRed hysteria which they helped to foment, pressed for "Industrial freedom - a lovely phrase. Some of there refused to sell their products to, or buy raw ma- terials from, other employers who would not adopt the open -shop policy. They lowered wages to almost the pre-war scale, while living costs stay- ed up. The existence of their organizations being threatened once more, the "gor- illas" in certain unions, with the des- perate unemployed membership be- hind them, were again drtven to dyn- amiting and slugging. But now they were more cautious. There must be no more McNamara cases. The actual dynamiters and sluggers must have no official connection with the unions. So they began to hire, sometimes through several intermediaries, pro- fessional gangsters who, to a great extent, were beyond the reach of the law. By 1920 bombs were popping once more, especially in Chicago. I know personally a "lChicagorilla" who is chief of strongarm operations of a big building trades union. He introduced me to his slugger, an ex - pug, a tremendous animal who charg- es fifty dollars to go out and implant his fist on some scab's or labor fore- man's face- "I gets my fifty," he told me, "then I goes out and finds the guy they wanna have slugged. I goes up to 'ird and I says, 'My friend, by way of meaning no harm -and then I gives it to am-biffl in the mug. Nothin' to it." One blow is enough; the slugee usually passes out for a while. •When be wakes up, often in a hospital, he ordinarily decides nev- er again to displease any union. Scab- bing is thus disceuraged. Nowadays slugging goes a long way in Chicago, with only an caeasional bo-mbing, toward convincing contrac- tors that the unions means to stay in business. But labor racketeering from the point of view of extreme violence is now at its height, not in Cbieago, but in New York. Densalle Daily Messenger', , Anyone .haviug a wife r 1.11404-4. sen 4;,r, daughter, son-in-law erdau�ir ter-in-law,father-in-law or • •Mathers in-law or any other dear relativeS es. - tray in the en/inner evenings, will, if they ere anxious •about these -wan- derers, probably fiad them, parked in My lane. Those flna.ncially or other- wise responsible for these strays met either pay for parking space, furnish bail or pay fine for trespass. Will be glad to furnish inquirers with num- bers of car or other inforraation that will lead to recovery of these wander- ing ones. --John L. Bosley. In the summer of 1929, I sat, late sine evening, in a friend's home in the Bronx, when suddenly the neighbor- hood was lighted up by a fierce blaze an almost coMpleted apartment house. The building had evidently been drenched with teal oil from top to bottom and "tonehed off." It Was an incident in the "war" hetWeesi racket efSre and bailders; the third ineident of its Jkind it a few months, and later there were two in -the • I &allege exteeding $8;,000,060, haittie little 46104 tlutt labor racket - 2 taMrebitatry, * * * Associated Press dispatch from Louisville: A radio listeners' endurance contest was won here to -day by Mrs. Mildred Daniel, Who was declared the winner after she had gone for 106 hours with- out sleep. The runner-up, S. W. Van Norman, fell asleep this morning shortlyafsix o'clock. Mrs. Daniel te; was delirio from exhaustion soon after she re urned to her rooming - house. The contest was held in a downtown window with a $200 radio as the prlae. More than 60 contest- ants entered. t1r01401" the' aOrOMOOtit,' 00400 VS. 04.4° -WA ISSIOsrasa. in *470ga *rain • .Maaketta. . The elpteteaaYee t)te {Wee Of Wileat by the .Sevtet• '4 in tba United States has deste m.oe to fo.c13141.# to Amerieasia tbe. eeensanie. reclUirelOCAte' of that remote Corantunist state than all the Bolshevist propaganda of decade. In this critical year of the Soviet 'Union's 'fight for life, exports are the most effective tools. The oore of the Soviet emergency is he need to, sell abroad and to sell quickly, in ore der to pay for machinery imports and so to fulfil the great Five -Year Flan of Industrial Development which bea ganin 1927. Wheat and lumber ehipe trients represent an integral part of as plan. The Soviet Government urgently needs ready 'cash for the service of the only god which it now warships .-eMeehanization. Te this god . the Russians on bended knees have prom- ised all things: new steel pleats and cotton Mills and tractor factoriee, so that industrial production may have more than doubled, in 1933; and the rule of the tractor and combine on the land. If any one doubts that mechaniza- tion has absorbed the great religious fervor of whith the Slavic soul is capable, let him talk to the peasant boy, whose small life is fired with the dream of some day driving a tractor; read Partferov'a novel Brussisi, with its stoiy of the coming of the first American tractor to a village on the Volga; study a ypical pester showing on the left a decaying church and on the right a• tractor - Only agriculture is capable of sup- plying the exports in return for which foreign machinery for the factories can be bought. But after the Revolts - tion, agriculture weakened. Moscow hadfirst requisitioned the crops, then levied heavy taxes upon the peasants, and finally offered nominal price's for grain while it demanded high prices for manufactured goods. Grain pro- duction fell alarmingly. Without wheat, the god of mechanization could not he served. Large-scale, state- controlled farming must come, and it must be brought about in such a way that the peasant should not feel that the •Communist Revoluticaihad betray- ed them. The solution was found in the ex- tension of state and collective farms and the abolition of the class of well- to-do peasants called kulaks. By the summer of 1930 there were over 100 of these large farms -units of 75,000 to 300,000 acres, with all the advant- ages of the best Western machinery. Days in the height of the harvest of 1930 on the great 300,000 acre state farm. "Giant" are dramatic and un- forgettable. Forty miles apart across the farm, held together by the thin line of the railroad, lie the two towns which with their railway stations, grain elevators, machine shops, stores, dormitories, and restaurants, do the farm% business. Far out on the plains, so far :that even the tops of the grain elevators have dropped below the horizon; the wheat is being harvested -200,000 acres in eight days. In three shifts, 24 hours a 'day, the work goes on - All night long he glow of the com- bines' flood lights is seen •against the sky, and all night long the drone of their engines fills the fields. Back in the towns which serve the farm, existence is pleasant and almost gay. The restaurants are full of life, and in the streets at•twilight there is music and dancing.. Tractor and com- bine drivers, in their working clothe's, stroll along keeping to themselves, like the aristocracy of labor which they are. Within the year these state farms have begun to win the confidence of the peasants, who used to think, with Tolstoy's peasants, ..that machines poisoned the land. But, with the ex- ample of state farms before them collective farms have grown so fast that they account for about two-fifths of this year's crop and bave already accomplished their part of the Five Year Plan. Yet the pooling of land, farm machinery, and draft animals which the ordinary eollecti deaden plan involves has raised critical prob- lems in the villages and has shaken Russia to the Kremlin itself. For several months., moving to a climax in February, 1930, the Soviet Government drove hard for collectivi- zation -Every possible type of .social and even physical Pressure was ap- plied. The kulaks, who had every- thing to lose and nothing to gain, were driven from the • villages and their property was confiscated. The middle peasant, the skredniaxs, saw both •advantages and disadvantages. The poor peasants, or ibedniaks, had everything to which they contributed nothing and which supplied' them with land and tools. By February more than five million kulaks had been ruined. By the first of March more than one-half of the farms in the Soviet Union had been collectivized. In the villages there was tumult. Moscow learned that the peasants were slaughtering their cat- tle, sheep, horses, and pigs before they joined the collective's,' so that they might get the profit rather than sur- render their property to the collec- tives. Tools, seed and other goods went the same way. The reports were verified, and it was found that it would be monthe and even years before the losses could he made good. More dis- turbing still were the signs of politi- cal unrest. Suddenly, on March .2, Stalin order- ed the eserk of collectivization slowed down. He warned against collectiviza- tion "by military force" in unsuitable Areas, and against pushing the change so far that pigs, poultry and dwelling houses were collectivized. The ptiblic was now confused as well as alarmed. At first there was a rush to abandon eollectives,• and on April 3rd, Stalin found it necessary to warn the people against the exodus. Those peasants who had retired, he said, would men regret it, as they would 'find that ate individualthey eastild fret get .ateck, Machinery and teela fresh the Govertiment..., .• The intense feeling d tbe votitit and 'sprit* has .partly',Obated,:and the '001fttive to4ity ix a p1uo Tho trieMbera are eirailiarnY tent, .retilitilietthat the' ,C4OVernilifent! :Will 100tIboi,:oirety ;00}i.Off$T45- ae1viatit4. age in tranter‘tooland'see,...,,that. 01,0410u ..4titl„Ittothlat go* a' The...State* ti liartteating.,1 I - QuIVO4r t • ;$9004104.• 'OelleOPIATO.ferinkhaa io i6�QO AOTOSAIA4VZ:04100494 aAd.' 11q10#044, 011.04,0,J 017041;* tioxi; 0,4044040:*",, 004 * * * (Massachusetts; Cultural news from the incomparable Boston Herald; - A correspondent has suggested to Director of Public Celebrations Prank B. Howland that all male lineal des- cendants of the Pilgrlins and Puritans forego. shaving during the tercenten- ary celebration. During a recent his- torical observance in California, many of the men who claimed to be related to the original '49ers raised beards. Howland 'believes the suggestion to be worthy of general recognition.• AMERICANA California: The 'birth of a new sci- ence in San Diego, as announced in the Modern 'Clubwoman of that town: Is you child correctly named? There is a science in names and num- bers, the vibrations of which uncon- sciously affect one's thought and ac- tion. Is your child handicapped by an unsuitable name -or are you? Con- sultation by appointment. Mary Tut- tle Colby, 4638 Terrace Drive. Testimony in Pisgah, official organ of the Pisgah Home Movement, Los Angeles: I was dying of diabetes. The doctor said he could not help me. I phoned you for prayer and now the same doc- tor says he can fintf no trace of the disease. * * * District ef Columbia: News item from the eminent Washington News: Traffic lights will be installed along K street immediately, if the house- wives along that thoroughfare have any influence with Traffic Director Howland- Be is being importuned daily to speed the work. It seems that the interval of three green lights and three red ones with their intermedi- ate ambers, is exactly the time for cooking soft-boiled eggs. Therefore, the matrons are piqued at the delay in providing them with the culinary accessory enjoyed by housewives on other light -controlled highways. * * * Florida: Resolution of the Associ- ated Dailies of Florida in convention assembled at Jacksonville: Whereas the American people have advanced physically to a point where prehensile members no longer are part of the anatomy And, whereas, there has arisen in Florida a recrudescence of ape -like tendencies on the part of the younger generation for publicity purposes on- ly, whereby the youth of the land sit in trees and sit and sit, in the hope that their sitting will be diructed to the attention of the community. Now, therefore, be it resolved that it is the sense of the Associated Dail- ies of Florida, that its members re- frain from publishing any further it- ems concerning tree -sitters, unless and until they or any of them fall and break their necks: with the view of protecting the children of the sev- eral Florida commrunities from the possibility of reverting to the original type. * * * Illinois: Divine worship in the im- mortal town of Herrin as described by the Illinois Central iVfagazine: "All Aboard" was the title of a railway sermon preached at the First Methodist Episcopal Church, Herrin, by tbe pastor, the Rev. Frank W. Pimlott The .ushers used lanterns in seating the people and an' electric train was installed and run by Wal- ter Rodenburg to lend color to the service. A male quartette sang "Life's Railway to Heaven" and Eddie Smith played "Railroad Blues" on a French harp. Pictures of locomotives, the Lady Elgin, built in 1852, and the Fontaine, freak engine, built in 1888 were exhibited. At the opening of the service C. B. Nesler, the orchestra leader, started the train after the pastor had called "All Aboard!" The exhaust of the locomotive was heard as the train slowly pulled out. The bell rang, the whistle blew. When the train was speeding along the congre- gation began sineng arm Bound- for the Promised Land." At the close of the song the train was breuglit to a stop. A new champion appears in the grand old town of Champaign: JaBruce Haney, of Kansas City, Mo. fell asleep during the noon hour to- day and Mrs- H. B. Schmidt of Cham- paign, was declared the winner in a rocking ehair marathon. At the- time Haney was disqualified the two' had rocked 2801/s houts. Mrs. Schmidt continued rocking in an effort to make a record. * * * Kanas: Snot -subject at the Baptist Church of Cherryvals: -Can a Bobbed Haired Woman Go to Hea-Vent, * * * Kentitcky: PUblie liatiee in the ante * * * Minnesota: Esthetic not from Min- neapolis: MacPhail Schools of Music, LaSalle at 12 Street: Why not make your hunting trip an enjoyable one this fall and every fall? Learn to talk duck. You will be astonished at the results. Instruc- tions in the art of calling ducks, and lecteres on everything else pertain- ing to duck hunting are now being giverf by Oscar Quern, who needs no introduction to the hunting pablic. The first -group of men to finish the course are enthusiastic about the way they can talk duck -away beyond their expectation. . . . The course is V12 and can be taken individually or in classes. * * * Missouri: Complete report a a travel talk by a Kansas City lady in the celebrated Star of the same town: In a four-month tour of Europe, Tungary was the only country where Mrs. A. D. Flinton was able to find, corn en the cab served, she said yes- terday in a travel talk at the West- minster Congregational Church: * * * New Jersey; News of the spiritual life in Lebanon, as reported by the eminent Newark Evening News: That the Reformed Church prayer meeting goers ray hear Amos 'n' An- dy broadcast Wednesday nights and attend the church's prayer -meeting, too, the hour for the service has been changed from 7 until 7.30 p.m- * * * The great town of Westfield through the Associated Press, presents the world with a ne wchampion: Mrs. F. W. Taylow, of Westfield, is an enthusiastic radio listener. She has owned a radio receiver five years, and for the first four years of listen- ing she average ten hours a (lay. A year ago she bought a new set, and her average went up to 16 hours. Be- sides her listening Ability, she reports that she writes at least 1000 letters a year to radio artists and itations. * * * North \Carolina: Ecclesiastical -no- tice in the Asheville Citizen: Sunday Night, First Baptist Church. Hear pastor Owen discuss: L Will There Be Any Bootleggers in Hleav- en ? 2. How do sons-in-law get along with mothers-in-law in Heaven? Pastor Owen is original- He gives you thoughts no other preacher ever suggested -you never read them in a book, either. * * * Pennsylvania: Good news for Pitts- burgh booklovers in the celebrated Press thereof: David D. Cadugare 960 Davis Ave., is the new librarian of the North Sid'e Carnegie Library, succeeding C. B. Connelly who resigned to become a member of the city council. :Cadugan was elected to the place by a unani- mous vote of council. His name was presented by Councilman Little. Cad- ugan has been chief clerk of the Al- legheny County, Road Department for several years. He is the first lieuten- ant of Samuel J. Grenet, Relmblican leader of the 27th ward. * * * Personal _news in the Jerwish Criter- ion, one of the glories of Pittsburgh: Business man, aged 29,, with means, will marry refined girl who has a bro- ther that will marry his sister who is young, attractive and intelligent. All replies strictly confidential Write "." Criterion. * * * General: An advertisement in the London Times: American: Lady will sell infant clothes of Charles II. for a price with- in the reach of all. THE SPECTER OF RUSSIAN . WHEAT It is late July, in the North Ceu- easus. On the Soviet farm called "Giant" a, fleet a. American tractors is sayeeping down the ripe grain. The. harvest is good, . Late August, in Mose:ow. Outside the doors of the state and co-operative shops are Bees of svorners with market baskets. "So the harvest is good, you say? What help is that for us? All the government ever thinks of is grails What we Want is meat, and milk for the babies." Septentber, ta aticago. , Through the depressed grain. market tuns the words "Etta:Sian WheaV . The pnice drops. Wires are eraw4o, . Washing, bort is excited. he eapitals of opt) and .the seat of the Leagim o Na, tions. occupy.,.tliointelvea ,With getioog of.aSmdet'dtniminto illete0:.bro4ty00 t.1.**01:44 6t:Sto.v, la *Too.. rnna.Straiglit_ frOin. thee SOCiallOttieffef inereasedl ender .04Cotivii,4941' hats (IMMO ' aetOrding, ,to .the work denet'fOr even here there are different grades of labor; and at the end there is a hums fctr those who brought most into the callective. Thie farm is to give: the tGovernment 45 per cent. a its wheat this year: Outside the collective are gaventy- fite Nasal* households 1witose heads say they pr not to , work just so many hour y nder orders. Some of them are re atives of expelled kul- alos and others are ,by nature dissent. ten. Among them are unsatisfied bojrs and giels. who claim that collect - joists "have more fun." The old Unasia is not yet gone. Within the hour one may pass from the American combine, charging through limitless fields, to the bent woman gathering her wheat with a sickle; from the stucco houses of the experimental station to the mud and straw huts of the backward, uncollec- tivized village; from the hot -and -cold showers of the state farm to the well in the middle of the old village street. Half the agricultural product still comes.from the private farms. The."socialized sector" is that Which is producing, after lean years, the small surplus of grain for expert. Rue sia needs about 80 million tons of grain for home use. This year's crop apparently stands at about 90 million tons, one-third of which is wheat- The, proportion of this, surplus which can be exported is not yet known; probab- ly it is not far from five million tons. But Moscow will force the exports to the utmost, for the Five -Year Pian is at stake; and the price whicn they bring abroad may be a small element in international grain traneactions, but it will be an important factor in ,Soviet economy. In this manner the needs of the Plan have altered the face of the ,Rue- • sian land within the last two years. To the plan is also due the diversion of capital and energy into new chan- nels; the hurried purchases of trac- tors abroad and the erection of agri- cultural machinery plants at home; and, in the last analysis, the foreign sales of lumber, oil and other products in return for which cash may be got quickly. The new god Mechanization, has al- ready demanded his sacrifices. Are there no vegetables or fruit e in the state stores ?-one is told that the freight cars are loaded with building materials and machinery; Is these a scarcity of shoes and weollen coats as the northern cities face the cold of the Russian winter? -the credits were needed for the steel mills and the tractor factories, so that other plants are idle. "Soon, little brother," the answer runs, "when the Five Year Plan is accomplished, your backs will be warm and your stomachs full. Work hard and let us export, quickly, that the Plan may succeed.° 004 WO ve a4 , „ t4114,,Sa*3.14V*Itto4,01%. 400.004:Vogt. .4rwy• $0.4k4',X0:014. ixkoThoo Was_ 'hYali ialds, the ;°itieSt food for ...these rprodtteers'.«f sis'' otd the late 1.1330'sOn„ America, farrier uprooted theircropsto plant the mul— •iberry and in :Pennsyleanta. the Young Plants were bought .and sold wIth.wch fury that $340,000 ehartge4 hands in a fevii days' sale. But .hy MO no one wanted mulberries. ,• There have been -many A> Oxe.r..,pmal• ler 'schemes which • never created na- tional mantas. -The. Ele.etrolitie Mar- ine Salts Company sent a.: ,strearn of sea mated elaalleinfwyvbgkcpsaftfilliii sea water through a machine and teak out geld and silver at the other end. Only one or two bricks of geld,were neeessary" to keep up the illusion. Other companies offered and astually paid, an income of $150 every two weeks on a subscription a $1000. But that could survive only as long as the sucker list -for they were naturally using the money sent them by new patrons. These sudden gusts of excitement about mysterious sources of wealth do not compare with the steady popu- larity of lotteries.. • The lottery. .was in use even in 'Roman days The Ro- mans used it east form of entertain- ment at their banquets. Nero gave such prizes' as a houseor a slave. In more modern fimee I3enjerain- Frank- lin promoted a lottery to"bn-r-a--hate tery of guns and advertised another to biiiid a church. ,Schools, street paving, bridges, lighthouses and the like, were the earliest !beneficiaries of the lotteries and soldiers' pay in the Revolution .often came fromthe same source. At the beginning of the cen- tury, two of the buildings on the Yard at Harvard, were provided by the same means. It was not until after the Civil War that the lotteries became both illegal and universal. Only One state, Louis- iana, seems to have countenanced them but with headquarters in New Or- leans the lottery •spread throughout the country. Baying only $40,000 a year for its exclusive charter, it made money enough to buy legislatures, restore levees when the Mississippi swept them away, establish news- papers and engage Generals Early and Beauregard to conduct the draw- ing of prizes. At one time the entire mail received at the New • Orleans post office was two-thirds legitimate and one-third lottery. The profits of the company were variously estimated at from five to thirteen million dole • lars a year. The monthly drawings in a gold and red plush theater, were scenes of pomp and splendor, the dig- nified generals presiding over the draw. This lottery finally came to an end when John Wartarnaker, postmaster general of the United States, issued an order closing the mails to the lit- erature and the . business letters of the company. • The blood • of the present day howase ever may still tingle or despair to the, tune of winhing a sudden cool mill' lion. , Some of the greatest lotteries the world has known have been stag- ed of late years in Great Britain and have drawn their income from every corner of the globe. The Calcutta 'Sweepstakes, operated by the Cal- cutta Club in India, handles more than $10,000,000 a year; with prizes totaling around $4,000,000. It is pos- sible for the first prize, which earns close to $2,000,000 to be won by an initial outlay of not .more than five dollars. FOUND MONEY Most people not only want to get rich -they have a passion for getting rich quiekly. People want easy mon- ey, unearned money, a fortune picked up on the street. The lottery is the simplest type of gambling by which this appetite for unearned riches has in the past been satisfied. But other speculations are so fantastic, so mad, that they show up the underlying mo- tive much more clearly. In 1635, for instance, a mania for tulip bulbs seized the Dutch. Up to that time people had paid fancy pric- es for bulbs in order to -enjoy the flowering. But suddenly a fury of buying for investment began and by 1636 Royal Tulip Exchanges were es- tablished in 19 Dutch cities. The- nar- rative' of the time read like, a primer of Wall Street. People who hadn't a tulip bulb in the world went to the Exchange and sold ten Semper Au- gustus bulb short, promising delivery in three days at $2,000 each. Then they tried to buy at $1,900. So furious was the mania that the "perit", was invented -an imaginary weight so tiny that it would, take 8,- 000 to make n pound. A tulip root might be subdivided, by weight, and the buyer could purchase five or ten perits, holding a legal claim to that much tulip. At the height of the spec- ulation one bulb .sold in alaarlem for 12 acres of building lots. When the bottom suddenly dropped out of the tulip market_ the country became so poor that it took a generation for business to recover. John Law, the Scot who later cre- ated the Mississippi Bubble, learned from this tulip mania that people would speculate in anything. He gave the French people an opportunityto speculate in everything. Law capitalized theworld: the In- dia company, Senegal, 'China, the Mississippi bason, the beaver trade in Canada. Ile collected the taxes. of France, and coined its money and cre- ated its bank and, perhaps the neat- est single stroke eater accomplished bya speculator, he at one erne man- King Alfonso frequently drives at to make gold illegal in a coun- 90 .m.p.h. but here's hoping he won't try which was using the gold stand- have bo. -Border Cities Star. ard. He ruade France Use paper .mon- eyebacked by his stock. The Mississippi speculation was based, on the idea that America was a large country the soil of which rest- ed on solid 'gold. Law's fieancial op• erations were erformausly complieat- ed. But whenever things looked dark, he issued a. decree promising 20 per cent, interest, allowing people to turn When people listenthrough the ra- in worthless money for good Money, dio to speeches of demagogues, their or banknotes for stock. He became the instincts are not arbused a wheal most powerful individual in Europe. they are in a croWd.--tharlea G. At night when Law •closed, his sub. Dawes, scription books eavalty elated away the crowds, .A.• duchess upset her car- riage as Law drat -e by, and as WV stopped fit lielp,, her; she begged for a few Mississippi shares. The end ante When powerful &nail& iera saW•.tite inevitable and steadily 'Sold, .At 1t Leas 'Sabi** ditya a Week pr..r '1)6 'hank:to:•iddeerif.papet The, CI1MiO rapk trgz In One night:a peotle.Nvere Ornahed er Stiff& ate& r to:. itAth' in th ,00014.-sntsdo tire blik" • 40, 004 finftet A figh Wife sxtp-V;130y1C*,a4,, PieeMS;'aii hini,haok tiork ••1' . '.-.• .• • Second only to the Cakutta Sweep is that of the London Stock Exchange Sweep which runs into approximate- ly $3,000,000 with the winner receivin about three-quarters of a million lars. Spain also finds the lottery a suc- cessful money -getter, the government on occasion using this means to ob- tain funds for charitable and educa- tional purposes. As for the satisfaction of our OWD spirit of chance here on this side of the Atlantic, those who wish to spec- ulate rnust turn to such minor inter- ests as .gold mines -without gold, oil fields without wells -and Wall Street. WIT AND WISDOM Unfortunate is the country that is known by its speakeasies.-Buffale Courier -Express. A famous golfer has been present- ed with a completely furnished home. But what does a golfer want with a home ?--London Opinion. It is remarked that the ncean the only power on earth than can make a woman indifferent to her per- sonal appearance. - Regina Leader Post. , It takes just as much cotrage to wash dishes three times a day as it does to go out and shoot a bear.--., Mrs. Herbert tElloover. ••••••10...44.40.1.• Human progress marches only when children excel their parents.-dierbert Hoover. Ladies' shoes axe to be rnore point- ed. Husbands will probably continue to make tactless remarks at dinner parties., bet their shins will find then& nut. -London Opinion. omairee••011,1•6 S fora, Barr and INT Domini Domini 1084 - Barr eers a in the Expo:4 Hon ary Co ammo; tended •ea,s4:inae and T OOT et -forth. Grad College disease by tit Charge calls p Main RalL Grad Toront Late mei an Eye ar pitals, Hotel, each n 53 Wa Grad Univer don. I fans at in Abe Seafor Hon Medici versity Mem& Surgec east of Ontari Gra( land. Botum Childr lately Hou Sunda Offic east forth Count; ity Trinit the C geOnS Gra Placa lege Ontar Chieta royal don, minio Night Viet°, tion eag Bre cha kee top 18. Oak