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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Huron Expositor, 1929-06-28, Page 6*wpm. N,t T. 10101 4404 t a n tea eellection 1x�uaa a�"'ir is . gnashedzaaaadi- p la4014 OVOZIa naked a41 amcsporrtant itOe of hiellegieal' lagormation. Wis Ve at this, Conclusion alter reading to Moat of Dr. Janne$ W. ]Papez, peer of the eolleetiou of brains at Cornell . This collection vias Veal= mem years ago. by the late Dr. (Burt ca milder, distinguished an a zoolo t end eduicator, rI a was for a time aseeeta t?t to Louis Agassiz, the famous [bids`,gist whose motto was ``study lae�t �..eee, not books." This so impress - red, Hr. Wilder that in all his lectures lhe:would try to have his students ex- aneine the actual objects he was talk- ing -about Not being able to examine ®a,(+ & other's brains it became neces- sary either to have casts, or charts, or actual brains, and this need was the germ of the idea which later grew into the famous collection. A short time ago Dr. Papez published his re- port on Dr. Wilder's own brain which has been bequeathed to the museum, and this aroused general and some - whit amused comment in the press. Dr. Papez found that Dr. Wilder's brain was markedly deficient in one quality which his friends had never suspected while he was alive. His sense of smell was either rudimentary er-strangely perverted. Thus perfumes would give him no pleasure .and the fumes of tobacco were annoying. Phis undoubtedly explained why Dr. Wild- er, a man generally moderate and cautious, was a rabid anti -tobaccon- ist ix life. Of course he justified his attitude on moral, hygienic and eeen- omic grounds as men will do, no mat- ter how irrational their attitude may- be, aybe, but the truth was that Dr. Wilder was against smoking because part of his brain was defective. Only by ac- tually stpdying the human brain can reliable and useful information be gathered on the size, shape and fis- sural patterns and their relation to rulture,education and the orderly and successful achievements of the sun5- jects. In other words, the career of the dead man will be viewed in the light of what his brain discloses. In time data will be built up and science may make pretty shrewd guesses from the size and shape of a man's skull just what capacity he has. Nearly all scientists regard phren- ology as a false science. Neverthe- less its popular acceptance has given rise to the science of cerebral mor- phology. Science found it necessary to combat phrenology and the only way it could do this effectively was by following the principle of Agassiz and Wilder and studying nature. Gall and Spurzheim founded phrenology and their doctrine was that different psychic functions are located in dif- ferent parts of the brain. In one area would be found a bump which would indicate a gift for music, in another a bump that was supposed to correspond with : capqcity 2aA' 8eairua� tau forerun lie a and so terata the wholes brain `beim divided into more than. a score of ureas each wi a different function, ](Leal ssience knows no such subdivisions, but sur- geons are able to assign to different areas the senses of speech, hearing, vision and motion. They know that if a certain part of the brain is dis- eased or removed one sense may be is ected or paralyzed with no effect upon the others. But dividing the brain into divisions each correspond- ing to one of the five senses is quite different in principle from locating in one area a bump which denotes, pro- ficiency in horseback riding and in another unusual gifts for playing sec- ond base or the saxophone. Dr. Papez believes that the shape of the head is influenced by the develop- ment of the brain, and this, we sup- pose, will- be agreed with by most people who have taken particular no- tice of it. Mothers to the contrary notwithstanding, we think it can be proved that the general shape of ba- bies' heads shows no such variety as the heads of adults. Dr. Papez does not believe that it has ever been es- tablished that there is a correlation between the size of the brain and the intellectual capacity of its owner, though some authorities attach im- portance to its weight. The follow- ing weights in grams of some cele- brated men whose brains were avail- able for examinations is submitted: - Byron, 2,238; Schubert, 1,420; Turg- enev, 2,012; Cuvier, 1,830; Thackeray, 1,658; De Morny, 1,520; W. Daniel Webster, 1,518; Lord Campbell 1,517; Napoleon III, 1,500; Agassiz, 1,495; Lord Jeffrey, 1,471; Bertlilon 1,398. Is there any person who would say that these men rated intellectually ac- cording to the weight of their brains? If so, he will have a difficult time proving it. The brains which have come to the Wilder collection have been for the most part those of educators who are interested in advancing science even after they have passed away. Unless they are educators or scientists men are not likely to be much interested in the cerebral morphology, and this is a pity for many distinguished citi- zens might contribute to human knowledge after they are in their graves more usefully than during their careers. Dr. Papez has come to the conclusion that the human brain is to -day undergoing a comparatively rapid process of evolution. The specialization of education is show- ing itself in the shape of the brain and in the development of what are known as the cultural centres. Actual examination has shown that the b'ain of a woman is quite equal to that of a man of the same rank. 010 come, he that there wowald be ua5 eon. ea if there were no hunting'. They y are preserved for no other plarpoSQ than to be hunted, and the nesse to which Mr. Nation refers as taking plane on his own farm is su tient il- lustration of the brutality of, this form of torture. "And when that torture is directed against a hind, often heavy with young, the brutality touches a depth that is revolting to any sensitive mind. No one can have seen a wretched stag at bay before a howling, raging mob of its enemies without feeling some- things of the emotion with which Lin- coln saw the slave market that left so indelible an impression on his mind. No one, I say; but, of course, we must exclude the 'sportsmen' and 'sports- women,' who must be preemned to enjoy the cowardly spectacle. "It is gratifying that they have at last met their John Brown. 1 shall watch his crusade with interest, and I shall be surprised if he does not set a good deal of heather onfire." o® cls rhO0. AS' IECLEVIIR [I@ d SURE, SAFE AND SIMPLE (REMEDY FOR ALL THE COMMON AILMENTS OF MAN AND BEAST. LIT SHOULD ALWAYS BE KEPT ON HAND. AS A MORE SER-" --_ O�PCEABLE PREPAR- SO ION FOR SUCH BE FOUND.A GE T A BOTTLE To -DAY AND HAVE 0T READY FOR VHEWILL NEED NT YOU Too A nee 0 0 LONDON AND WIINGBIAM North. a.m. p.m. Centralia 10.36 5.51 ]Exeter 10.49 6.04 Hensall 11.03 6.18 Kippen 11.08 6.22 Brucefield 11.17 6.2.2 (163) (165) Clinton 11.53 6.52 Londe•sboro 12.13 7.12 Blyth 12.22 7.21 lBelgrave ..... 12.34 '7.33 Wingham 12.50 7.55 South. a.m. p.m. Wingham 6.55 3.05 Belgra,ve ... 7.15 3.25 Blyth 7.27 3.38 Londesboro 7.35 3.47 Clinton 7.56 4.10 Brucefield 7.58 4.28 (162) (164) Rfippen 8.22 4.38 Btensali 8.32 4.48 ,`Exeter 8.47 5.05 Centralia 8.59 5.17 C. N. R. TIME TA (::LIE East. AIR EXPERTS STUDY THE FLIGHT OF BIIRDS efore the advent of the airplane, the study of birds was regarded as much the same as a study of postage stamps or the breeding of ferrets - a mere hobby. Now it has become a matter of great importance, for it is believed that there are still secrets of flying to be discovered and that they will be found when the secrets of birds are known. Indeed the bird was the inspirer of the inventors of the airplane, for they reasoned that as the bird was heavier than air it should be possible to fly with a machine that was heavier than air. So far, all ef- forts to imitate the wing action of •birds has led to nothing, but it may be that the final development of the airplane will take this form. Of course the airplane has far outstripped in speed the flight of the fastest bird, but it is far behind the bird in ease and grace of movement, in ability swiftly to alter a course and in the supreme matter of absolute safety in manoeuvring. Dr. Austin H. Clark, of the Smith- sonian Institution suggests that the invention of the airplane might have come earlier had more been known about the flight of birds. At least he says, "The necessity of fiCding an- swers to the questions -why do small birds have to have larger wings than big birds, and why do they have to move their larger wings more rapid- ly? -made the development of the fly- ing machine difficult." Not only do small birds have larger wings, pro- portionately, than large birds, but in- sects have wings still larger. In the mosquito it has been calculated that for each pound of body weight there is a wing area of four square yards, six square feet and 105 square inches. in a butterfly of the average size, each pound of body weight represents a wing area of three square yards, eight square feet and 87 square in- ches. In the swallow, this is reduc- ed to only four square feet and in the stork which wa perhaps the most useful of all birds for the study of aeronautical engineers - only 122 square inches. As the size of the bird increases, the number of wing beats per min- ute decrease. For example the wings of the humming bird vibrate so rap- idly that it is difficult to register them. The wing beat of the sparrow is 780 per minute, that of the pigeon 4R0, while the crow's is 120. But i;here is here some difference in speed, the pigeon flying faster than either the crow and the sparrow, although for a short distance a sparrow would ap- pear to fly as fast as the pigeon. The explanation of the different wing spreads according to weight and the carrying number of wing beats per minute is to be found in momentum. It is known that if a baseball and a ball of wool are thrown with equal force the baseball will go much faster and farther. So a big bird, once it gets started, acquires a momentum because of its weight that is not pos- sible to a smaller bird or to an insect. The build of the birds contributes to this, for the body is inclined in such a way that it is kept in the air through its momentum on the principle of a kite. The wings, by their motion, serve to maintain the speed, but have really very little lifting to do. The smaller, lighter bird does not have this momentum, and lessened momen- tum prevents it from maintaining its height by inclining its body against the air. If the wing action ceases the body drops almost immediately. But birds like the stork, the gull, the hawk and others have such mastery of the air that they may cease their wing action and glide and float for many miles without appreciable low- ering. But the large birds are at another disadvantage with small birds. Their great trouble is in getting started. Most of us perhaps have seen a wild duck or a wild goose rising from a lake. It requires as much of a take- off as an airplane. Because of their ability to get started quickly and to rise almost vertically in a short space, small birds have been able to adapt themselves to all lands and climates. They are found everywhere on the earth's surface. But the large strong -flying birds are confined gen- erally to the sea and the vast open spaces, where they can rise and alight with safety. The most wonderful flier of all birds is undoubtedly the albatross, but Dr. Clark says that it is kept in the air not by any effort of its own but by a combination of strong winds and waves. Thus it is exclusively a bird of the windier re- gion of the oceans. Ih the dead calm the albatross is a pitiable object. He sits on the water rarely attempting to fly. He is, in fact, an aerial nail- ing vessel, helpless in a calm. The calm belts of the tropics form an impassable barrier for the alba- tross, and for the same reason he can- not fly any great distance over land. In mountainous regions there are al- ways strong updraughts of air both because of the upward deflection of the winds and the warming action of the sun's rays. It is in these regions therefore, that the soaring habit is developed in birds. Here one finds the condors, the great eagles and hawks, and this explains also why they seem generally to be hovering and for an hour at a time do not flap e 11U OP leai C®RflP�Ii UNIITY ISN IING DIRI CT©]V ANT :BUSINE1 Through the co-operation off the ]Business Men listed below, we will reproduce a seaaueaf ao$ c4netatraltanll u tlelleo emideavertag. t�0i flag�3_ all=2 a better business relationship between resident and merchant in tho teeva,:tn n, dl talus baring about a aware paogreaniiu esuve ' i. y >lna wlriilebu DAs. HE'S A FOE OF FOX HUNTING Mr. A. G. Gardiner, writing in the London Sunday Express, f.)cuses at- tention on a hero. Anyone who has Lved in England knows what import- 'nce the gentry attach to the spirt of fox hunting; to breathe a word against it is to utter a black and ac- c,ased heresy -more, only a "low" sec. of person would be guilt of do- ing ea But in West Somer:.ecslaire has arisen a village in Hampden whc has defied the M.F.H. and all his ceche,. He is a farmer, by name 11 nr,- Nation, and Mr. Gardlnar has tad- to say of him: "The significance of his action is that he is the first farmer to issue this challenge. Farmers have long groan- ed uhder this tyranny of the hounr!,,., hut they have never yet dared to ralse the banner of revolt. Not to be a portsman" is to be a social pariah n the hunting countryside, and few leer like to be regarded as social outcasts. So they grin (or swear) and bear it. "But Mr. Nation will not bear it, and he has given the farmers a lead by publicly banning the hunt. He has two grounds. One is economic; the other is humane. 'They trample the crops, cut up the pasture, and do en- ough damage to fences to keep a man doing nothing but repair the destruc- tion,' he says. and on that ground alone he would fight his battle to de- liver a depressed industry from a needless and frivolous handicap. "But it is the humane issue that has brought him into the field. 'Re- cently,' he says, 'I watched Taunton Vale Foxhounds torment a fox for two and a half hours in a covert on my land. I am determined the hunt shall harry no more animals on my land.' His action cannot fail to lead to 'incidents.' "It is time that the whole existing institution of hunting was brought un- der public challenge. Even on the ec- onomic side it is open to the gravest attack. At a time when the position of agriculture in this country is cre- ating the gravest concern, it is intol- erable that it should be subjected to a needless and(rivolous burden in the interests of the 'sport' of a tiny fraction of the community. "The apologists of that burden, of course, insist ongthe fraction of the hunt to make good their devastations, and on the collateral benefits which they bring to the people in the hunt- ing countries. Both claims are ex- tremely questionable. "And apart from the question of personal loss there is the indisputable loss which is suffered by the industry and by the community from an entire- ly wasteful practice. That that prac- tice should continue in the circum- stances of to -day without any enquiry into its social consequences is a hu- miliating example of our reckless dis- regard of the public interests and the national welfare. "But if economically the institution is out of accord with the spirit of the time, it is still more out of sym- pathy with the humane sentiment of the public. I am not attacking hunt- ing itself in saying this. Hunting, as the public do not need to be re- minded, is not dependent on the hunt- ing of animals. "The only perceivable differences are that there is the 'kill' in the one ease and not in the other. "That the 'kill' should be the dis- criminating character of the highest type of `snort' is a witness to the es- sential barbarism of the whole busi- nese. In so far as the fors is con- cerned, the fact arouses, perhaps, least resentment owing to the disre- piste which that animal enjoys and the havoc it causes among the vil- lagers' c'iiekens. But the truth, of S1TIEWART MOS.SIKAJl OR,71 U�'.'. -THIS WEEK'S SP13tCIIA1L- Rayon and Silk Vests, Bloomers and Bobbies in all the new deli- cate shades. A quantity purchase makes prices: Vests 79c possible these special (Bloomers and Bobbies 98c ll1S`s 66 TOY SE ®p 99 Men's Clothing an4Itadlies Re dly-to- Wear This Week's Special -Sink Crepe Dresses, $8.85; Men's Sill]'! Hose, Sec, '2 for $1.00; Extra Large Work Shirts, reg. $1.25, 98e; ]Pure Silk Hose, 98c; Wash Dresses, $1.25 to $9.95. G&u D. Ferguson & Co. GENERAL HARDWARE PAINTS AND OIILS Eousehold Supplies TELEPHONE 61 3 a.m. p.m. Goderich 6.20 2.20 re ohnesville 3.36 2.37 Hinton 6.44 2.50 Seaforth 6.59 3.08 St. Columban 7.06 8.15 Dublin 7.11 8{22 West. a.m. p.m. p.su. Dublin 11.17 5.38 9.37 St. Columban11.22 5.44 Seaforth 11.33 5.53 9.50 Clinton 11.50 6.08-6.53 10.04 Holnnesville . , 12.01 7.03 10.13 Goderich 12.20 7.20 10.30 C. P. R. TIME TA IEasnt. l: LIE DOM Solaria 13.50 1`eGien€ret 5.55 Th1eGav✓ 6.04 raburn 6.19. ly4+>ta . 6.25 0.40 6.02 renka 510.01 Walton Victfaught 1'. ..00•;;•0061•0 ..... kr 'e0004000.0a. e0n06•.... i4+1u11... 400:1:060001f1.006•10,00•0• Lt.ffu�. 11.46 .GDS 24.06 660.0.6006000.6.600 aat&q�s 0;a0•006'u 0.6060 0110 6 0 0 0 Il .•..iFY j. A. WIESTCO T Jeweller and Watchmaker DIAMONDS -OUR SPECIAL - Ara Ideal Graduation Gift BULOV A WATCH Thollnpsoll's took Store BOOKS, STATIIONERY, LEATHER GOODS AND WALLPAPER Window Shades Picture Frames Made to Order Phone 181 thishT ThaTs v0 Sfrength. A community is as big as the faith of the residents make it. This faith is evident in the unity which exists between merchant and buyer. If dissension invades the community and the people go to nearby cit- ies to purchase their goods the growth of the town is retarded and it is ultimately relegated to the "has-been" class. W'hen the merchant and theresident forget personal differences and unite their purposes for common trade, it is a certain sign that that community is listed among the "booming." Think in terms of your local merchants and decide to buy in Sea - forth. Petty personal grievances are things of too little significance to let them interfere with the progress of the town which you call home. If you trust your merchant he will prove himself loyal to you. The decision is yours to make. Shall you buy outside Seaforth and see the town fall behind, or will you buy at home and witness this community advance? Your patronage spells your confidence in your merchants who are responsible for the leading position your town enjoys. If you give them your support, merchant and resident will unite for the good of this town, and the result will prove that the only true way to suc- cess is by united effort. Your dollars which you pay to your local grocer, butcher, clothier or milkman, will stay in Seaforth, and will ultimately come back to you. X(c (A VISITS AI 5VmOaIAT DRY GOODS, MELENIERY AND LAMES' APPAREL SHEICIP -OUR SPECIAL -- See our table of Hats no, at FRED S. SAVAUGE, Ill?6�a Watchmaker and Jeweller Optometrist "THE GIIFT SHOP" M. ROSS SAVAUGE, Opt. D. Optometrist It eattie's China Stone Direct Shipment of ELLLEEX CB[IINA arrived this week. BEATTIIE SELLS FOR LESS W. R. SMITH Groceries, Teas and Coffees APEX BRAND VEGETABLES Fruits in season. China and Crockery Telephone 12 W.A.0 IT :CH Quality Baked Goods IICE CREAM AND CONFECTIONEI':Y Thelephone 34 S. E. KIEATDNG "The Rexall Store" 6 Cakes Jergens Bath Soap, ea„ 1 Bath Towel; both for.... l4 eU KEATING'S PHARMACY Phone 28 J. F. DALY New Care -(Ford) -Used C re Keep that new car complexions. Sirnoniz Cleaner and Polisher makes it like new, 75c a can. Kozah Dry Wash keep it that way, $1.50 each. WALKER'S Furniture and House Furnishings. IZ . N6 SPROAT Vacation Days are Happy Days Get shoes for the family -Sport Shoes, Tennis Shoes, White (p-IK� Crepe Sole Tennis Shoes...U�U Yes, we have Club Bags, Suit Cases, Etc. "We sell for Less." WALTER G. I[WS Dependable Shoes -Our Special This Week - Women's White Canvas Ox- 0,, fords, rubber soles and heels �J ROY S. IPDNKNIEY Lead,,-ead,, Cakes and Pastry -OUR SPECIAL - SUNRISE BREAD Pure as the Rising Sun We Keep the Quality Up. I: _radIlvIldtga._ 3ttllsimess WIl`Il�C��I P. G. D. FERGUSON & Co. -This hardware business is one of the oldest established hardware businesses in Western Ontario. Five years ago it was purchased by Mr. Ferguson from Mr. H. Edge, and his store on the corner of Main Street and the Highway, is one of the best .business locations in Seaforth. Mr. Ferguson learned the hardware business with his father in Teeswater, and with the exception of four years spent overseas, has been in the hardware business practically all his life. He knows it from A to Z, and with the efficient service he gives and the complete stock he carries, has made him one of the successful younger business men of Seaforth. FRED W. WI GG IC; cots and Shoes Quality and Prices -OUR SPECIAL - New Black Satin Pumpsaj0Arr- SPECIAL �J 5t)U T. G. SCOTT Wallpaper, Paints and rushes, Etc. Telephone 62 J. S. CILIEAI"Y Groceries, Fruits, Vegetables -SPECIAL -- 3 Bottles Clark's Ketchup eeUUii~;f11I�Jc at Delivery Service Phone 117 Vo AVENT CHRYSLER, PL YI VJI O UTH SALES AND SERVICE RIEDGIE l•' 'S GARAGE Studebaker Sales and Service Repairs on all Makes of Cars. TIRES, BATTERIES, ETC. Telephone 167 Seaforth Creamery Dairy We pay highest prices for your Cream. Deliver your cream direct or have one of our trucks call for it. Phone 80 W. CHARLES BARBS!',, Manager. Wolverton Flour Mills Co., Li]]]mited] Millers of flour that's Dependable SILVERKIING for BREAD KEYSTONE for PASTRY Telephone 51 S.SHNAN. Ladies' and Gents' Ready-to-W6a and Dry Goods SPECIIA L THIS WEEK Ladies' Silk Underwear, Bloomers, 69c to 31.35; Vests, 69c; Night- gowns, $1.19 to $1.75; Slips, $1.25. Assorted Shades and Sizes. A. W. DUNLOP GARAGE CHEVROLET SALES ,& SERVICE ifi>w is your tires for the holiday? Goodyear Tires, 30x30 C��Y $ 073 while they last �J Telephone 187 The R,oht. IC,ehi Engine Thresher Company Manufacturers o4 Traction Engines. Cas Tractors, Threshers, Power and IIdeating Boilers, Sawmills, Etc. We offer a large stock of new. rebuilt and secondhand threshers and engines, very suitable for individual or custom work. !•'.ny at hone where you ,acro assured of proalpt service. n GALLOP McA. HNIE Agents for Massey -Harris Imple- ments and Repairs. Beatty Bros. Farm Equipment Metallic Roofing Frost Fence GASOLIINE and OILS IehrewaeAve64c744.iit.w%a?a'1x.4:w-Y'b'*.t,ieel-''ii (C AN A il! A FU I': N DTNRIE MANUFACTURING CO. Office Furniture Sectional IC; ookcases. THOMAS DOCKSON Dealer in Flour - Feed - Seed Poultry and Eggs Telephone 13 their wings. They are really being carried up and along by rising cur- rents of air. Birds soar in circles, not because they can thus more easily spy out the ground beneath them for game, but because only by so doing can they keep within the ascending column of air. It is when they fall outside this circle that they will be seen beating their wings to get back into it. The birds will not do much soaring on cloudy days, but only when the sun is bright and the air warm. SNOBBERY THAT LEADS '10 WO r: LDLY SUCCESS Yearly there are thousands of ad- dresses to graduating classes of stu- dents by educationists and men prom- inent in other spheres in the United States and Canada. They are duti- fully reported at length or condensed in the newspapers, -according to the importance of the speaker, and then forgotten. It does not happen more than once in a decade that one of them attracts general interest, and gets to be front page stuff, which is a sorry indication of the mean level of thinking that they reveal. But let a speaker have( anything ''unusual to say and let hien use rather unconven- tional languaga in saying it, and he becomes overnight a skews feature as important almost as !:'abe Ruth's ill- ness or Colonel Lindbergh's honey: moon. Professor Robert E. Rogers of the Maspnobn3etts Institute of Technology, to needeubt a distinguish- ed educator,, bt'lt'lays celebrity was a good deal 140 than nation -Wide, and certainly it was hardly international before he astounded a graduating class by preaching the doctrine of snobbery. Since then he has been ov- verwhelmed with letters, telegrams and requests for interviews. He has even figured in the news movies. Professor Rogers said, in general, that it was as easy to marry the boss's daughter as his stenographer, and that the way to success was to put up a front. "Be a snob," was the text of his discourse. ,Sinbe then he has suggested that the word 'snob' should appear in quotation marks. He did not mean that to succeed one should actually be a snob, which is always a contemptible thing, but one should act in such a way that the general run of unenterprising, vulgar people should take one for a snob. His real meaning was that one should be an aristocrat, that he should be a- bove the common herd, and generally indifferent to what was thought about him except in the case of people whose - opinion was of real importance, as for example, the boss's daughter. Amplifying his remarks, Professor Rogers said he was interested to note what a stir a little realistic speaking could make. He noted one Boston paper which said that in a certain college it is the rude custom of stud- ents to drown out with coughing the speech of any Minister who is suspect- ed of speaking in a super -idealistic or impracticable manner. Students, like the public generally, like to read some- thing theft has some obvious applica- tion to the world as they see it. He proceeds to say that the two chief influences in American life, his- torically, have been those of Jona- than Edwards, a mystic, and Ben Franklin, a hard-boiled humorous I pragmatist. Americans really order their lives according to the doctrine of Franklin, however. When Henry Ford said that history is all bunk he was unconsciously marking the im- passable gap between the two schools of thought. Yet it is a curious thing that when the men who really do things, men like Ford and Edison and Franklin, speak in public they are supposed to speak like the profes- sional idealists. W'hen Ford became the victim of the ghastly peace ship farce Americans were inclined to smile on him indulgently and say that after all he was expressing American idealism. But when Luther Burbank, a spiritually -minded man, said, at the end of a long and useful career, in which he had studied life and biology more fruitfully than any other man of his generation, that he could see no evidence whatever for immortality he was hounded and abus- ed. He did not speak as an idealist. He spoke as a scientist. In a word, Americans object to any kind of speaking but sentimental speaking, and to any kind of action but the hard boiled. Hence the astonishment at what Prof. Rogers said. He proceeded to say that equality is a religious not a social concept. It is an ideal to be held up, but not a blue print to work from. As a matter of fact people are not equal. They are not born equal, except perhaps in the matter of comparative weight and hairlessness. Many years ago Thos. Huxley examined Rousseau's conten- tion and showed that the consistent practice of treating all people as eq- ual would be intolerable, rind so it will prove in Russia. Soros people are born luckier, healthier, cleverer, bet- ter looking than others. It is the business of the community to look after those who are born with feeble bodies, brains and wills than the av- erage. Still more are born with good brains, fair will power, strong bodies and good social inheritance, but ex- ercise none of them except in a medi- ocre way. No amount of help will help these people for they lack the quality which is necessary for one who is going to be a leader even in a small way -the capacity to pull them- selves up by their own boot tops. These are the people who cannot summon up the determination to be superior and to attain that superior- ity in the face of an indifferent society and the natural human tendency to be slack and negligent. Prof. Rogers believes that incalculable harm hash been done by the general talk about Abraham Lincoln. He is regarded au the common man, and it is his com- mon human qualities that are gener- ally emphasized. What should be em- phasized are not those qualities which most people share but those qualities that made him different, a leader and autocrat. Washington did what Prof. Rogers advises students to do. married well, for one thing: Roos velt put up a front. He found tine White Ilouse a middle class home and left it the executive mansion of the president of a great nation. He be- lieved in ceremony. So did Wash- ington. This is what might be rough- ly translated into 'putting up se front." If the great men see its im- portance why not lesser men? The idea is that it will assist them to be- conle great or at least a good dealt greater than they otherwise would bed .pr a