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SEAFORTH 0A14,44 ;1 M. JONES, Manger•
, • oArttrY DEPOSIT BOW FOR 4F-Pri•
usnowintimes
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THE FALL WEATHER ,
HARD ON LITTLE ONES
Canadian fall weather Is extremely
hard on little ones. Ohe day is warm
and bright, and the next wet and cold,
These sudden changes bring on colds,
cramps and colic, and unites baby's
little stomach is kept right the result
may be serious. There is nothing to
eqpal Baby's Own Tablets in keeping
the little ones well. They sweeten the
stomach, regulate the bowels, break
up colds and make' baby thrive. The
Tablets are sold by medicine dealers
or by mail at 25 cents a box from
The Dr. Williams' Medicine Co.,
_Brockville, Ont.
FREE DISTRIBUTION OF GRAIN
A free distribution of superior
sorts of grain will be made during
the coming winter to Canadian farm-
ers by the Cereal Division of the Ex-
perimental Farms Branch, Ottawa.
The samples will consist of spring
wheat (about 5 lbs.) white oats (about
4 lbs.), barley (about 5 lbs.), field
peas (not garden peas—about 5 lbs.),
field beans (about 2 lbs.), flax for
-seed and flax for fibre (about 2 lbs.).
The Cereal Division of the Experi-
mental Farms Branch has improved
many of the old varieties of grain and
introduced many new varieties. Tho
best of them have been multiplied
and propagated under direct super-
vision of responsible officers, on the
Experimental Farms both east and
west. This seed will form the bulk
tock from which the various 'sam-
ples will be taken. The seed is,
therefore, the purest and best that
is obtainable. Of some of the more
recent introductions, there is only a
limited supply, so it would be adv
abl to apply as soon as possible f r
these.
Among the grains for distribution
'will be found the Liberty hulless oats;
an oat that is excellent for human
use, and to a limited extent for young
livestock. Among the wheats, the
most outstanding for distribution will
be the Ruby wheat, a wheat that
ripens from eight to ten days earlier
than Marquis and is suitable for dis:.
tricts where Marquis is not early en-
ough. This year among the barleys
will be found Charlottetown No. 80.
This is a two -rowed barley that has a
tendency to drop its awns. The sup-
ply of this Variety is very limited.
We hope also to distribute Himalag-
an barley, a hulless variety which is
a good yielder and suitable for
young livestock. There will be only
one variety of peas for distribution,
namely Mackay Ottawa 25, which is
a main crap pea and not suited to
districts where early frosts occur.
The object of the distribution is
twofold: first, that the farmer may
get a small sample of good seed to
start his seed plot; second, that the
Cereal Division may ' find out how
their improved grains will behave un-
der various conditions of soil and
Climate. Therefore, it is necessary
that all the information asked for on
the application form should be fully
answered. This also holds true with
the report forms which each man is
asked to fill out after he has' grown
the sample.
Application must be made on a
printed form which will be supplied
by the Cereal Division, Central Ex-
perimental Farm, Ottawa. (No post-
age is required on letters so address-
ed). No application forms will be
supplied after February 15th, 1923.
Farmers are advised to send at once
for Mins in order not to be disap-
pointed, as in some cases the stock is
limited. The allotment of samples
will be made in order of application.
Only one sample will be sent to a
farm.
CRERAR'S RESIGNING ONLY AN
INCIDENT
J. J. Morrison, secretary of the
United Farmers of Ontario, stopped
off at Orillia, Ont., on his way down
from the fire district In the North
c a 0
to address the Orillia Canadian Club
on D.F.O. Economics, There was' a
large turnout of Menfinkin a( well :as
a number of repreaentittiverS0' of .the
farmers' clubs, who -were &este of
the club. ILEO,. leader was
given an attntive. hearing whiTh he
expounded for the benefit of a town
audience the farmers' point of view
'as to the burden of taxation and
the weaknesses of our economic and
political systems. He repeated his
conviction that the day of the two-
party system is over. Referring to
•the resignation of Mr. 'Crerar of the
leadership of the Federal Progres-
sive party, Mr. Morrison said;
"Mr. Crerar is a man of likeable
personality, loved by his friends and
not disliked by his political oppon-
ents. Possessed of a clear vision
of what the country needed as lead-
er of the farmers' group a great,
future was before him, but it meant
hard, tenacious work, constructive
building and aggressive leading.
The cause temporarily loses by his
-registration. But -Mr. -Crerar, nor
no other one individual made the
cause, therefore it is only an inci-
dent in the movement and no mortal
can say at this stage of its progress
whether the result will be good or
bad. That is one of the secrets of
^the future. One thing sure is that
the movement- will proceed on its
course. The farmer is on his feet
and it takes a lot to put him off
his feet. If Mr. Crerar returns to
private life and the United Grain
Growers' business, that is his busie
ness. We are sorry but can't corn -
plain. If he returns to the Liberal
party his future is easily written,
and the cause he is trying to serve,'
honestly I believe, will not be bene-
fited."
Speaking of conditions in North-
ern Ontario, Mr. Morrison said that
anillions would have to be spent in
re-establishing the people of the
fire -swept district. Conditions could
scarcely. be imagined by one whda
had not seen them, and the people
would have nothing till next har-
vest. He believed it would be better
to bring out some of the cattle and
replace them with a better class; of
animals next season.
BETTER A GOOD PRODUCING
HERD THAN A FEW OUTSTAND-
ING COWS
A point stressed by representa-
tives of the Dominion Live Stock
Branch in addresses to members of
the milking breed association at
last February's live stock ,.meetings
in Toronto was that of the superior
importance of getting together a
herd of cows with good milking
qualities, to the development of just a
few abnormal producers. As might
be expected of them, these men
spoke in the best interest of the
dairy cattle industry as a whole, and
in support of the more general
adoption of the practice of cow test-
ing by farmers with a view to in-
creasing the average production of
milk per cow throughout the Domin-
ion.
Backing for the above contention
is provided its a recent isue of the
British Friesian Journal, in which a
writer remarks that "Fads and fash-
ions, started, no one knows how, arc
the bane of the stock breeding in-
dustry, especially when such fash-
ions have no relation to utility, but
yet prove the dominating factor in
determining prices. At the moment
the demand seems to be for two ex-
tremes of British Friesians, firstly
for the beautiful animal that will
win in the show -ring, and secondly for
the cow that will give tremendous
quantities of milk. Animals at pre-
sent falling between these descrip-
tions do not bring "fancy" prices,
but either policy carried to an ex-
treme will prove dangerous to the
breed. Ability to take a long view
is always an asset, and nowhere
more so than in the pedigree live-
stock business."
Commenting on the above, the ag-
ricultural repersentative of The Staf-
fordshire Weekly Sentinel says: "It
is the second extreme (that of de-
veloping abnormal milk producers)
that is probably the more dangerous
and the more likely to influence breed-
ers and dairy farmers against taking
up the Friesians generally." The
writer here quoted states that, to
produce the enormous quantities of
two and three thousand gallons a
year, not only must the feed bill be
a heavy one, "but it is against all the
nature of the animal, and when it can
Produce ne more milk it is useless."
He further declares: "It will only be
when Friesian breeders are content
to use the undoubtedly great milk-
ing qualities of --the breed naturally
that its real usefulness will be un-
derstood and a demand will be cre-
ated that will place the dainty black
and white animals from across the
water upon their proper level, which
is undoubtedly a high one."
Such a plea for the safe and
sane method in the breeding and
developing of Friesians (Holsteins)
or any other breed, might'be expect-
ed of one interested in dairy cat-
tle breeding in England, where the
dual-purpose type of cow has given
such satisfaetbry results for years
., .
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l/h18 Ogg _ oo to * ,go-
erjti Maprovelnent .4 his' "1111110.11.
'herd than to the._, Prelim; of a rev/
individuals at the (*new of Com-
parative negledt of the rest. ,
THE HALF -SPEED MAN
What It Means When Yon Feel Run
Down ',and Ont -of 'Sorts.
You, know what it means to feel
"all out of sorts." Most people have
felt this .way at sane time. Nerves
out of order, irritable, languid, de-
pressed. An aching head, appetite
bad and digestion weak. With some
people this condition comes and goes;
with others it is chronic—they can't
shake it off.• It interferes with busi-
ness, spoils recreation and robs life
of all its joys. These men and women
are qnly able to work at half -speed.
The trouble is caused by poor, watery
blood. You can improve your condi-
tion to -day by taking Dr. Williams'
Pink Pills. These pills enrich and
stimplate the blood, strengthen the
nerves and give you fresh vigor.
Here is proof.. Mr, William F. Bell,
Bracebridge, Ont., says: — "I have
been recommending Dr. Williams'
Pink Pills for a number of years, be.
cause of the benefit I got from their
use. I was in a terribly run down
condition. I was scarcely able to do
anything all winter. To make things
worse I took the mumps and caught
cold, and as a result was confined to
bed for six weeks, part of the time in
a terrible fever. Of course I Was
doctoring, but instead of getting bet-
ter I was growing weaker. A,t this
time my father-in-law urged me to
try Dr. Williams' Pink Pills, but I
had lost faith in all medicine and re-
fused. However, he had such faith
in them that he bought me six boxes,
and of course I could not refuse to
take them. Now I am glad I did not.
I had not taken them long before I
began to have faith in the pills my-
self. There was no doubt I was im-
proving. Day by day my strength
came back and I gained in weight
from 115 to 146 pounds. Therefore,
I feel that I cannot speak too highly
of Dr. Williams' Pink Pills and I hope
my experience will convince some oth-
er sufferer of the value of this med-
icine.
You can get these pills through any
dealer in medicine or by mail post-
paid at 50 cents a box or six boxes
for $2.50 from The Dr. Williams'
Medicine Co., Br8ckville, Ont.
WHOLE TOWN OF 15,000 PEOPLE
MOVED BECAUSE IT STOOD
/ ON RICH IRON BED
Hibbing hae settled down on its
new site in the great Nesabi iron re-
gion of Minnesota. -It is estimated
to have cost between $15,000,000 and
$18,000,000 to move this town of 15,-
000 inhabitants off the rich iron ore
bed it had grown upon—a moving hill
of something like $1,000 per head of
population. Hibbing now stands two
miles distant from the 40 million tons
of ore it had locked up.
The story of the moving of Hib-
bing is part of the epic of steel. ,The
town being in the way, the Oliver
Mining Company, a subsidiary of the
United States Steel Corporation
moved it and in the moving spent
millions so lavishly that Hibbing is
now described, in the Christian
Science, Monitor, as tresembling, in
the midst of the iron range, a jewel
dropped on a slag heap. It has a
$3,000,000 high school fitted with
marble and bronze. It has a $500,000
hotel, expensive clubs, department
stores, public buildings—a model city
of real architectural pretensions -that
may be deserted in thirty years or
so. When the iron is mined there
will be no more reason for Hibbing.
Meanwhile two years ago the
Oliver Company, having pretty well
exhausted the ore in adjoining sec-
tions, drilled its townsite property
and found an immense body of ore
lying under a surface so thin that
mining would be quite inexpensive.
As its lease was for a fifty-year terni
and time was passing, the company
decided to remove the town—bag,
building and baggage—to a spot two
miles south where there was no ore.
Although the company held mining
rights and could have evicted all
residents on the tract, it chose to
move everybody, replace their homes
or places of business intact, to build
new on their, own plans if so desired
and to take payment in long-term
contracts at low ioterest fates, to
build streets, lay srdewalks, and gen-
erally improve the new location.
The town on its own part put in
schools and other public buildings.
There are other schools almost as
costly as the high school. There is a
light, heat and power plant repre-
senting over $1,000,000, which sup-
plies heat, water and electric current
for all purposes at less than cost ;
and there are innumerable other con-
veniences for living.
The town could afford it, as niece
than 96 per cent, of its tax receipts
were from the various mining com-
panies, outside corporations that
-could not move their property away
in time to escape taxes.
As to the moving, we read that it
was comparatively easy to lay out
everything harmoniously and on a
proper scale, and it was simple to
save money by doing the work by
wholesale. The moving of buildings
was done by putting very heavy sets
of small wheels under each corner
of the building and hitching a tractor
to them. Thus the structure would
travel across the two miles from the
old town to the new in a day.
WREN EQS"
• '7%, ,
The, writ"S 110t- at10114
house, It le a anietaken% idea ROW the,
spends:
herudder'-wtrthe"1:3111i.11gin
doesn't. • She „Watering her' Orattent"
with food, widoket milking time, is
tranaformed. When you
very dsotwarnislo„moilk" .ow she inne the . .ediat-•
Did
you ever linve ii.-iixPerience with a
cow holding- ' her milk? You
milked for a minute or two- and . the
udder Vast empty. You could squeeze
the udder with your hand and there
was no milk there. Then -bossy
changes her mind and the milk comes
readily. Where does it come from?
You can see for yourself that it was
not in the udder. The process of
holding up milk is easily understood
once the construction of the udder is
understood. Above the teat their is
a small reservoir from which the milk
is drawn. This reservoir in the av-
erage cow helds only about one-half
pint of milk. In the reservoirs above
the four teats, therefore, there is
storage room for only two pints of
milk. These reservoirs are fed by
milk ducts which lead from the secret-
ing glands above. Around the en-
trance of each of these milk ducts
there is a strong muscle, which acts
as a control valve. When Bossy
holds up her milk it simply means
that these muscles have contracted
and shut off the supply. There is
no use in breaking the milking stool
over her back. The closing of these
control valves is not withie the con-
scious control of bossy herself. Kind
treatment, causing relaxation of the
nervous system, is very apt to cause
a relaxation of the controlled muscles
around the milk ducts. Above the
reservoirs is the secreting machinery.
The right and left sides of the udder
are distinctly divided. The quarters
on each side are also divided by a
fairly well marked partition. Tile
milk drawn from each teat must be
produced in that quarter. The milk
is secreted in what is known as gland-
ular tissues, which, in turn, is held
together by connective tissues. The
ideal adder contains a large amount
of glandular tissue, and a small a-
mount of connective tissue. The hard.
meaty udder is largely composed of
connective tissue. It is supposed that
this glandular tissue manufictures
milk fat, and the other solid con-
stituents of milk between milkings.
During milkings the water rushes
through from the blood, is brought
into solutien with the solids, and then-
ce through the reservoirs and teats to
the pail. This secretion seems to
begin under the stiniulation of milk-
ing, and there are good grounds for
believing that it is hastentd by mas-
saging the udder. aln.•Denstuirk it is
quite the common practice for the
milker to massage the udder before
he begins to milk. We have seen
the same practice followed in milk-
ing the great Canadian cow, May
Echo Sylvia.
The prophet who predicted that
the centre of empire would soon be
in Canada, did not forsee that, before
that time, a Canadian would be in
charge at the present centre.—Brant-
ford Expositor.
Pon
'taacteeeiO5C2jtlOr
t
in the centre 41 'eleal1 4001' la a
terning'the Mixture a fewethnes
complete the: lob se that it 'can be:
placed in, the feed box, fte 3:004:Pxo'
may oat
be composed
coniandbarley
ofnixtd fot'711
with4;
the major portion. The ration iiiey
be se made up as to give a nutritive
ratio of1 to 8 or 1 to 14). In fat-
tening cattle for market it is well to
start each steer on a light grain rw-
tion and gradually increase. A steer
weighing 900 to 1,000 pounds could
befed 2 to 8 pounds per day, and
gradually increased until at full feed
it would be taking from 7 to 10 pounds
of concentrates per day. Another
fact which the experienced feeder will
consider is that the young and grow-
ing animals make greater gains per
hundred pounds of feed fed than do
older, more mature cattle. They re-
quire a narrower ration, or rather,
more protein -rich feed than do the
mature cattle,
,
)1Oarent eita
lhadu te
wise' jabs b . „
hoilebegeribiappeaton
of naY body and the aincl th.,*i
madelifeamiaery. yang uggerta
eogreet attimeetbetl felt theflk-
nothing left for sue to do britteend,it
all. 1 consulted doctors but they all
told rite that If I didn't giva.up,mt
work and live out 01 doom, g "Would
go tense decline. AO I hada° money
I couldn't do this. In fact ming
doctora' bills and buying.=0. nes
SOLD BYE.
.44
pneltoito:rany goo
mtbothe bun
:vot
t
money :
UMBACH, Plum. .
COMFORT AND CONVENIENCE
With a comfortable shelter and
plenty of the right kind of feed, the
feeder of steers is on the high -road to
success. The stable for -his stock
need not be elaberate or expensive in
construction in order to he comfort-
able. So long as the shelter is fairly
well lighted, sanitary and has good
ventilation without being drafty, it
will do.
Most of the stockmen of this count-
ry go in for fairly attractive but
plain buildings. However, there are
several points which they generally
keep in mind. The chief feature of
these is first of all, convenience of
arrangement. It is highly essential
that the buildings are laid out with
view towards the saving of steps.
Some farmers express this point
very well by saying they use their
heads to save their heels,'—a little
headwork exercised when planning
farm buildings will not only save
many steps, but it also saves many
dollars' worth of time later on. An-
other item worthy of consideration
is the watering system.
Practically every stock owner who
has been in the business, whether in
a small or large way appreciates the
value of having water bowls in the
mangers, right where the animals
can drink when they are thirsty.
The water bowl system has given
better results than the other practice
which consisted in flooding the long
concrete manger once or twice a day.
The bowls are more sanitary and pro-
vide a regular supply•of water. The
advantages of the litter carrier over
the old wheelbarrow method is un-
questioned, and is now just as im-
portant a factor in the stable equip-
ment as a shovel or fork.
In the matter of convenience of ar-
rangement, the feeding system stands
out prominently. The hay is gotat
easiest when it is stacked directly
over the stable. In this way it serves
a Ituble purpose, as it forms a cov-
ering which helps tokeep the interior
of the stable warm and it can be
conveyed to the stock quickly by pass-
ing it down through a shute in the
ceiling of the feed alley where it can
he distributed to the cattle. The silos
are usually situated outside at either
side of the driveway and arranged
to connect directly with one end- of ,
the feed alley -way. ,The roots are
generally stowed away in a cellar
, AN EPOCH IN THE RAILWAY HISTORY OF CANADA
The recent appointment of Sir Henry
Thornton as President of the Canadian
National Railways, and his coming to
(:anada to take up the stupendous task
of managing the greatest single railway
system in the world, marks an epoch in
the railway history of Canada.
Canada has adopted the policy of
public ownership of thousands of miles
of railway, which formerly comprised
-a number of separate systems, each
under its own management, nartely:
the Canadian Northern, Grand Trunk
Pacific and Grand Trunk Railway
System, together with the Canadian
Government Railways comprising the
I ntercolonial Railway, Prince Edward
Island Railway and the National
Transcontinental. On October 10, when
the first meeting of the new Board of
Directors was held at Toronto, these
various systems were amalgamated into
the consolidated system of Canadian
National Railways, and all placed under
one President and one Board of Directors.
In this far-flung system, the people
of Canada not only own over 22,000
miles of railway lines, teaching. every
important city and seaport'm the
Dominion, but also a telegraph and
cable service reachingwith its asso-
ciated lines, 75,000 points in Canada,
United States and Mktrico; a fleet of
merchant ships comprising the Canadian
Government Merchant Marine. carry-
ing Canadian products over the seven
seas; a fleet of modern passenger steam-
ers operating up and down the Pacific
Coast; freighters and car.ferries on the
Great lakes; a chain of palatigLhotels;
the Canadian National Express Com-
pany, and other properties throughout
the country. All this represents a
very large investment from which
the new President and Board of Direc-
tors believe Canada will eventually
derive material benefit.
Sir Henry Thornton, the newly
appointed President comes to Canada
with an enviable record, having had
vide experience and signal success
in directing the management and opera-
tion ..of various -important railway
systems in the Unted States, England
and on the continent. Bur to motet
the National Railways a success the
co-operation of the people of Canada
is necessary, and it is the duty of every
true Canadian to assist in making this
property the national asset it should be.
Doubtless, at this time it will be of
interest to learn something of the early
history and upbuilding of the roads
now embraced in the Canadian National
Railways. It must be remembered
that it is less than a hundred years
ago since the first stretch of railway in
Canada was built.
.In 1832, a charter was granted is the
company of the Champlain and St.
Lawrence Railroad for a portage road
16 miles long from L.a Prairie on the
St. l.awrence to St. Johns on the
Richelieu, to facilitate the handling of
traffic between Montreal and Nev. York.
In 1836, this line was opened for traffic.
The rails, unlike the solid steel ones of
to -day, were of wood, with strap iron
on the upper surface, and the crudely
constructed coaches were drawn by
horses,
In 1837 the proprietors imported an
engine and engineer, the first to be used
in Canada, a rakish little engine that
rattled along at less than twenty miles
an hour.
In 1847 it was decided to build a
road Froin Montreal to Lachine to
replace the earlier stage route around
the rapids. These pioneer roads, the
first connecting Montreal with the
outer world, were some twenty years
later absorbed by the Grand Trunk
System.
In 1852 the rails were extended to
St. Lambert opposite Montreal, and
southward to Rouse's. Point, on Lake
Champlain. While this considerably
shortened the trip to New York, it
was still no easy journey, entailing'
two chringes--7first,• the trip across the
river by ferry to Si, Lambert, thence by
train to Lake Champlain, and a second
change 'to the boat going southward
down Lake Champlain and the Hudson
River. In this year the art to incor-
porate the Grand Trunk of Canada was
passed and construction commenced.
By this time the interest in the new
method of travel had amounted to a
railway mania, and companies sprang
up practically over night, applying
for charters to build roads here and there,
mostly for short distances, in the
Maritimes, Quebec and Ontario, for at
that time the great north-west was
known to the fur -traders alone, and per-
haps a few missionaries.
Dozens of Charters were granted in the
fifties, but the next pioneer road to be
completed also drew its traffic largely
front Montreal. That was the Sc.
Lawrence and Atlantic, opened in 1853
between Longenil, opposite Montreal,
and Portland, Maine.
In 1854, -several projects that had
been entered into by the Grand Trunk
were amalgamated by Act of Par-
liament. In this year the line from
Quebec to Richmond was opened, link-
ing Montreal with the east as well as
the math. In 1855 the line from
Montreal to Brockville was opened.
By the end of the following year the
steel was extended front Brockville to
Toronto, and on westward to ?Fla.
Building was also going ahead .the
eastward, extending as far as iviere
du Loup, making a total of 872 miles
under Grand Trunk management in
1860. The' total mileage in Canada
at this time was 1,880 miles,
Prior to 1847, no railroads had been
built in the Maritime Provinces, except
a coal tramway in Nova Scotia from the
Albion coal inines so tide water.
But- in 1858, a fine from Halifax to
Truro was completed and by 1867
extended to Pictou Landing, while' in
1860 a' route front St. John to Shediac
had been established. Surveys had
also been made for a tine to continue
from Truro to connect the Maritimes
with the other provinces, but nothing
was done until after Confederation in
1867, when the building of this connect-
ing link was made a condition of
entrance into the confederation. The
1)ominion Government undertook the
task, and by 1876 the 500 miles between
Truro and Riviere du Loup were opened
for traffic throughout. The line from
Halifax to Truro and several other lines
in the Maritimes had been purchased
by the federal government, and the
entire system was called the Inter -
colonial Railway. Three years later the
federal government purchased a line
from Rivicre du Loop to Point Levis
from the G.T.R. In 1898, the gave
rn-
-sent purchased the Drummond County
Railway, Chaudiere to Ste. Rosalie,
and node arrangements with the G.T.R.
for joint usage of their line from Ste.
Rosalie to Montreal.
In the meantime the Grand Trunk
Railway. 'by extension and acquisition
had covered the Province of Ontario
with a network of lines, and had in
1882 absorbed the Great Western
Railway. It had also extended its
Main line to Chicago, the great traffic
centre of the continent
Forseeing the development of Western
Canada, the management of the Grand
Trunk Railway SI,stem conceived the
idea of constructing a new trarreton-
tinental line front coast to coast. It
was to extend through the fertile
timber lands of northern Quebec and
Ontario to Winnipeg, on westward
through the vat prairie pro -
a practically unexplored mountain king- ' 1'
dom of the Canadian Rockies, fol-
lowing along the central valleys of
British Columbia to Prince Rupert. • a;
In 1903 the Grand trunk afacific
Railway and the Dominion Govern -
mem agreed to co-operate Oa this
transcontinental line -and to build it
in two grand divisions: The western
division to be known as' the Grand
Trunk Pacific, extending from. Winnipeg
to Prince Rupert, and comprising a
mileage of 1,755 miles, to be built by
the Grand Trunk Pacific 'Railway.
The eastern division, comprising 1,1101
miles east of Winnipeg, to behuilt by"
the Canadian Government under the
supervision of the Commissioners of the
Transcontinental Railway, and leased
to the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway for
a period of fifty years. So that, by
1914, the Grand Trunk and the Grand
Trunk Pacific Railway together cons-
prised over 7,500 miIee of rails; operated
boats on the Pacific coast between
Seattle, Vancouver,Victoria, Prints
Rupert and Alaskaports; huge 'grain
elevators at various important tide- •Y,:t)
water and lake terminals, and a chain
of splendid hotels.
Out in the Provinceof Manitoba.
through a rich but sparsely settled Alb;
section.in 1896, appeared the raib et.
a hundred mile stretch of road which'
was to be the nucleus of the trans.,
continental line of the Canadian North-,
Oa Railway.. Its .birth took . place
in an auspicious hour, for news Of the
wonderful fertility of the vast Canadian
west, with its free signets of land, had
spread practically afound the world, awl
a great tide of immigration was galling
into the country. From Great Britain.
Europe and the United States a. con-
stant stream of settlers 'cases; town*
clamormranged for railways; the line spread
up over night, as it were; sett
as if by magic, westward to Winnipeg
and eastward to Port Arthur at the
head of lake navigation, and the lines
of the Northern Pacific Railway hs
Manitoba were acquired, giving con-
nection
it•
with the great rail arteries of
the Western States, so that in 1901,
the Canadian Northern had 975 miles
of rails- under its control. The
steel soon crept up the rich. fertile
valley of the North Saskatchewan
River to Edmonton. Lines were ac-
quired in the eastern part of Canada
and linked together, and by 1905 the
.otal mileage of the system amounted
to approximately 2,816 mites. In the
next five years the mileage was almost
doubled. By 1915 the line had crept
westward to Edmonton, pierced the
Rockies and proceeded down the Fraser
Valley to Vancouver, on the Pacific
Coast. At the same time it acquired
and extended lines in the east, so that
its total mileage in that year amounted
to 9,362 stiles.
•ir
The outbreak of war, and its effects
on finance, resulted in a condition which
compelled the Government to take
over these component parts now forming
the Canadian National Railways, but
until the present, the Grand Truk'
and the Canadian National Railways,
While forming a coordinated system,
has each been under its own board of
management. The appointment 'of Sir
Henry Thornton and the new Board of
Directors marks the beginning of the
complete amalgamation under one Pre-
aident and one Board of Management.
The past two years have -seen a
substantial reduction in the deficit
of the National lines and there is every
reason to believe that the coming year
will see this deficit further reduced.
It is the aim of the new management
to make the Canadian National Railways
service conform to such a high standard
that it will merit the confidence and
vinces, through ellowhead Pass and support of the Canadian people.
s • "
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