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The Huron Expositor, 1921-06-03, Page 6001E F. J. $14,` WEBOTBE at, Ear, Noce Threat 'into in Medicine, University of Asaistan. t New York Ophtlial- A.ural Institute, Moorefield's Golden Square Throat Hos- London., Eng. At Mr. J. Rau- • • '10 (Ace, Seaforth, third Wednes- deY in each month from 11 a.m. to S' p.m. 58 Waterloo Street, South, • Stratford. Phone 267, Stratford. CONSULTING ENGINEERS James, Proctor & Redfern, Ltd. E. M. Proctor, B.A.,Sc.. Manager 36 Toronto St., • Toronto, Can. Medea., Pawitouste. Waterworks sewer- ttle•tenui, butnansetze. School.. Public Bane inmants. Faetesitte Arid - Lid - One Ftsweollsualle paid tot at th• Demo w• stow sae client. MERCHANTS CASUALTY CO.. Specialists in Health and Accident Insurance. Policies liberal and unrestricted. Over $1,000,000 paid in losses. Exceptional opportunities for local Agents. 904 ROYAL BANK BLDG., 2773-50 Toronto, Ont. JAMES McFADZEAN Agent for Howick Mutual Insur- ance Company. Successor to John Harris, Walton. •• address BOK 1, BRUSSELS or PHONE 42. 2769x12 LEGAL R. S. HAYS. Barrister, Solicitor, Conveyancer and Notary Public. Solicitor for the Do- minion Bank. Office in rear of the Do- minion Bank, Seaforth. Money to lean. J. M. BEST Barrister, Solicitor, Conveyancer and Notary Public. Office upstairs over Walker's Furniture Store, Main Street, Seaforth. PROUDFOOT. RTLLORAN AND HOLMES Barristers, Solicitors, Notaries Pub- lic, etc. Money to lend. In Seaforth on Monday of each week. Office in Kidd Block. W. Proudfoot, LC., J. L. Killoran, B. E. Holmes. VE'TERINARY F. HARSHEN, V. Honor graduate of Ontario Veterin- ary Coll4ge, and honorary member of the Medical Association of the Ontario Veterinary College. Treats diseases of all domestic animals by the most mod- ern principles. Dentistry and Milk Fever a specialty. Office opposite Dick's Hotel, Main Street, Seaforth. All orders left at the hotel will re- ceive prompt attention. Night calls received at the office JOHN GRIEVE, V. S. Honor graduate of Ontario Veterin- ary College. All diseases of domestic animals treated. Calls promptly at- tended to and charges moderate. Vet- erinary Dentistry a specialty. Office and residence on Goderich street, one door east of Dr. Scott's office, Sets. forth. MEDICAL DR. GEORGE HEILEMANN. Osteophatic Physician of Goderich. Specialist in Women's and Children's diseases, reheumatisnb acute, ehronic and nervous disorders; eye, ear, nose and throat. Consulation free. Office above Umback's Drug store, Seaforth, Tuesdays and Fridays, 8 a.m. till 1 p.m ttttt, C. J. W. BAIRN, M.D.C.M. 425 Richmond Street, London, Ont., Specialist, Surgery and Genio-Urin- ary diseases of men and women. A VERY USEFUL SPRAY Lime Sulphur With Arsenicals for the Orchard. • DR. J. W. PECK Graduate of Faculty of Medicine McGill University, Montreal; member of College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario; Licentiate of Medical Coun- cil of Canada; Post -Graduate Member of Resident Medical staff of General Hospital, Montreal, 1914-15; Office, 2 doors east of Post Office. Phone 56. Hensall, Ontario. A combined Fungicide and Insecti- cble—Get the Bight Arsenate of Lead — Stomach Worm Loss Preventable. temitributee by Ontario Department of Agriculture, Toronto.) The time le again at hand for lay- ing plans for the summer care of the orchard and garden and nothing that can be done will be found to give better paying returns than the careful control of insect and fungus attacks. it has been computed by reliable authorities that an annual toll of 10 per cent. is taken by the inroads of these enemies of the farm- DR. F. J. BURROWS Office and residence, Goderich street east of the Methodist church, Seaforth Phone 46. Coroner for the County of Huron. er ou his various crops and that this loss increases many fold where pro- per precautions are not' taken. In extreme cases complete destruction of some crop has sometimes been known to occur through failure to give care, or through neglect of the right steps at the right time. In this connection it will be found that there Is nothing that can be done that will give more satisfactory returns on the investment than a small outlay in money and tine on spraying and dusting. But It must be done Intelligently or time and money will be squandered; and the leading essential here is the choice of the proper remedy and the correct compounding and applying of It. One of the most outstanding and effective remedies In use to -day is the lime -sulphur solution mixed with an arsenical. This combination gives a combined insecticide and fungicide effect, a team play which is very fre- quently required during the growing season, insects and fungi often giv- ing trouble at the same time on the same plant. The advantage of mix- ing the two and applying them together is obvious — the cost of application is exactly one-half what it would be had they to be separately applied. But care In making this combined spray must be exercised. Some arsenicals cannot be mixed with lime - sulphur. Paris green, long the most popular bug exterminator, and still extensively used where quick results are desired, will destroy fully 35 per cent, of the efficiency of the lime - sulphur wash If mixed with it, and, what is far worse, this mixture will badly damage leaves and other ten- der parts of plants. It follows. there- fore, that Paris green, though a powerful poison insecticide, cannot be used along with lime -sulphur wash as a combined spray. On the other hand arsenate of lead has given de - aided satisfaction in this respect and it Is quite probable that the newer arsenical, calcium arsenate, is Also suitable to combine with llme- sulphur. But the chief purposes of this arti- cle is to draw attefftion to the hitherto little recognized fact in connection with the use of arseaate of lead along with lime -sulphur that there are two kinds of arsenate of lead, chemically, one of which la more fitted for combining with lime - sulphur than is the other. Acid ar- senate of lead destroys nearly 30 per cent, of the efficiency of the lime - sulphur, whereas neutral arsenate of lead, the other kind, only destroys 9 per cent. In other respects, these two forms of the lead arsenate are equally useful to combine with lime - sulphur solution to get a dual pur- pose spray. If, however, when using the acid arsenate of lead, 3% pounds of finely sifted, and fresh hydrated lime be mixed into the lime -sulphur solution along with every 1 pound of the arsenate used (which is us- ually 1 pound to every 40 gallons of the lime -sulphur solution) the de- struction of the efficiency of the lime - sulphur is reduced to 8 per cent. (practically the same as the neu- tral). If this practice be followed when the acid variety of the arsenate is being used it does not matter which of the two forms of this ar- senical is used in making lime - sulphur arsenate spray, as equally satisfactory results are obtained with either. This precaution in connection with combining lime -sulphur and lead ar- senate becomes especially important in view of the fact that practically all the lead arsenate now put on the market is of the acid variety. It is therefore recommended that when- ever using arsenate of lead and lime - sulphur as a combined spray, unless the kind of arsenate is known to be neutral, the practice of using hydrat- ed lime along with it be always followed.—H. L. Fulmer, 0. A. Col- lege, Guelph. DR. C. MACKAY C. Mackay honor graduate of Trin- ity University, and gold medallist of Trinity Medical College; member of the. College of Physicians and Sur- geons of Ontario. _ DR. H.SUGH ROSS Graduate of University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, ipember of Col- lege of Physicians anal Surgeons of Ontario; pass graduate courses in Chicago Clinical School of Chicago; Royal Ophthalmic Hospital, London, England; University Hospital, Lon- don, England. Office—Back of Do- minion Bank, Seaforth. Phone No. 5, Night calls answered from residence, Victoria street, Seaforth. AUCTION P.:EitS THOMAS BROWN Licensed auctioneer for the counties of Huron and Perth. Correspondence arrangements for sale dates can be Made by telling up phone 97, Seaforth or The Expositor Office. Charges mod - Orate and satisfaction guaranteed. •' ' Licensed auctioneer for the County af M. Sales' attended to in all 'Otthe Antral. SetMiCars' lflC'filtAthisitdins Mid askatebe- torta*4,'" orb 141,. br P. O., P. Huron ' Seaforth,- *most SPRAYING OF POTATOES • PEASANT LIVES .01P WELL-TO-DO. Absolutely Necessary to Prevent thelletrMan farmer lives," writes on ne so thing about the way Blight and Rot. How to Fight These Fungus Enemies —Directions for Spraying—Must Be Timely and Be Thoroughly Done. (Contributed by Ontario Department of Agriculture, Toronto.) Potatoes are sprayed to pre4ent such fungus diseases as Early Blight and Late Blight and Rot. Efficient spraying depends upon an under- standing and appreciation of what fungus diseases are. Fungus diseases are caused by plantaknown as fungi. These plants, unlike ordinary flowering plants, have no green coloring matter (chlorophyll), and are unable there- fore to manufacture their own food. All their nourishment must be ob- tained. from decaying animal or vegetable remains or from living animals or plants. Those fungi which derive their nourishment from living plants injure them in' so doing In various ways, and thus give rise to what are known as fungus diseases. Late Blight and Rot Is the most destructive disease of potatoes in Ontario. In wet seasons It frequently destroys a very large proportion of the crop and causes a loss of many thousands of dollars to the farmers of the province. This is to a large '• e of youvreaders to me. "I am sure it would interest us all, even- the city folks." The request comes just when I have had and am still having un- usual -chances to study the alibied, so I comply as well as may be. ' The farmer of whom am writing is the Thuringian peasant. He owns from ,five to 100 acres of land, a con- siderable ;;,pal -t of it forest. , There are some ifig estates in Thuringia, but few in .comparison with Prussia. Small holdings are the rule. The farms have been cultivated for cen- turies, many of them for more than 1,000 years. The many castles whose ruins dot the whole course of the River Seale were mainly built in the seventh and eighth centuries against the• marauding Wends, and Thuringia had then long been settled by per- manent settlers and tillers of the soil. lily friend Albin •Ceinhard has a fad- ed document 'Showing that the farm which he owns had to send 28 'quar- ters (an ancient measure) of oats each year to the robber baron of Castle Greifenstein, whose ruins still stand on a hill above Bad Blankenburg, and this castle was built about 1135 A. D. A farm which had been tilled for only a century would be regarded here as almost virgin soil. iMeinhard's house is big, the end fronting on the street containing the living room and -one bedroom perhaps 30 feet wide, and running back for around 80 feet. But it is nob all framework of hewn timbers, two stor- ies and an attic. The roof, front end and sides are covered with slate, like all the houses of this part of Thur- ingia, where one encounters a slate quarry every few 'miles. The back wall of th house is of crossed timbers like huge lattice work, the spaces be- tween being filled with clay which 'has been mixed -with straw. This is a common style of construction all through Germany, but Meinhard does not approve of it. The clay, he says, attracts moisture, and this eventual- ly attacks the timbers, so that in 200 or 300 years it may become necessary to rebpd the wall or even the whole house. Which is foolishness. Fifty or -Sixty feet from the house and running parallel with it is the barn, end to the street, perhaps 100 feet long. It, like the house, es of massive hewn timber frame. The light balloon frame of America is un - 'known. The roof and other walls are slated/ The court between barn and house is shut off from the street by a high picket fence, with a gate for vehicles in the middle and a small gate text to the house. Frequently on small German farms the rear end of the house and that of the barn are joined by the stables, which run across the back end of the court and form a continuous building along three sides of a parallelogram, of which the fence along the street is the fourth side. The only entrance to the house is on the court side, near the front. One finds himself in a hallway about tin feet square, floored with flag- stones. To the right are the stuns stairs to the second floor, to the left the door to the living room. In front is the kitchen. A few steps ahead and then to the right along a stnne corridor we open a door and there are the cows—ten feet from the kit- chen. The peasant wants his cows near by. There are five of them, with two heifers and a calf. The cows are kept up, that is, in the stables, the 'year around, never pas- stured. Meinhard thinks it is better for them, and then --,big items in these days—none of the manure is wasted. And in the court between house and barn arises, stately and grand, the pride and wealth of the house, the manure pile. Mark Twain came close to the heart of things when he wrote that sentence—or one much like it. It is truer than ever to -day, when artificial fertilizer costs 30 times more than before the war. Land that has been worked 1,000 years - needs fertilizing. • We go back and enter the living room. It is about eighteen feet square, floored with wide boards of soft wood, worn down so that the knots project a half inch or more. There is a bench along one side and halfway along the other side of the room—merely a plank. In the corner to the right stands a massive pores. lain stove, with a bench around the two free Sides. One desk, one small table of soft wood, two plain chairs —for the two sides of the table not served by -the bench—and a sewing machine complete the furnishings. Remember', too, that Meinhard is one of the wealthiest farmers of the dis- trict. The bedrooms, except that of Meinhard and his wife, are upstairs. The attic is used to store grain. The day begins early. Frau MeM- hard, her four daughters — ten, twelve, fourteen and sixteen years old—her sister and her mother, are the first up. They feed the pigs, horses and cows, carrying the water for the horses from the house across the court, clean the stables and carry out the manure, milk the cows and separate the milk. Then comes the first breakfast—flehtek bread and but- ter and coffee. The oldest -girl leaves for Bad Blankenburg, one hour's walk down the mountain and 1% hour's walk back at night, she works as seamstresh. Fiera 1Veein- hard harnesses the team—most peas - extent a needless' loss, for Late Blight and Rot can be prevented by timely, thorough and intelligent spraying with Bordeaux mixture. This has been proven by numerous field experiments both in this country and the United States. Spraying every year la an insurance. Can you afford to neglect it? Directions for Spraying. — Spray with Bordefiux mixture, strength 4 to 6 pounds of copper sulphate (blue - stone) and 4 pounds of lime to 40 gallons (imperial) of water. Com- mence spraying with Bordeaux throughout the season. Forty to 100 gallons of the Bordeaux mixture will be required for each application, the amount to be used depending upon the size of the plants. Take special care to see that the spraying is very thoroughly done if the weather is at all damp about the 16th of July, as Blight often begins at this time. Add a poison when necessary for Potato Beetles—arsenate of lead paste 3% pounds to each 40 gallons of the li- quid spray or Paris green 2 pounds to 40 gallons or a mixture of pounds of arsenate of lead paste and 1 pound of Paris green to 40 gal- lons. From three to seven applica- tions should be made, depending up-, on the season; the wetter the wea- ther the larger the number. Do not put off spraying because it looks like rain. If the spray is on the plants half an hour before the rain comes it will be dry and sufficient of it will stick to prevent infection, which takes place during or soon after rain. Spraying as described above should prevent not only Late Blight and Rot but also Early Blight and Potato Beetles, For Late Blight and Rot only, it is not necessary to com- mence spraying until about the 10th of July, but In Ontario it is usually advisable to spray for all three. A hand pump barrel sprayer can be used for small lots of potatoes. Most men who grow any consider- able acreage of potatoes consider that a power potato sprayer is a good investment. The best results from spraying are obtained with ma- chines fitted with Teoint attachments so as to insure covering both sur- faces of the leaves al each spraying. Efficient spraying of potatoes depends: 1. Upon the use pf the proper fungicide. Bordeaux mixture has so far proved to be the only satisfactory spray mixture for potato diseases. 2. Upon timely and repeated spraying. Spraying should be com- menced when the plants are from six to eight inches high, and repeated at intervals of from a week to ten days throughout the growing season. From three to seven applications will be required, the number depending upon the weather, the wetter the weather the more frequent the spraying. 2. Upon the liberal use of Bor- deaux mixture. Thorough spraying can only be done when sufficient of the spray mixture is used. From 50 to 150 gallons of Bordeaux mixture should be used per acre at each ap- plication. When the plants are large not less than 100 gallons per acre should be applied. 4. Upon thorough spraying, which means the covering of every portion of the plant. 5. Upon spraying .before rather than after prolonged rainy periods? Infection of the plants takes place during or soon after rain. Therefore it is of the utmost importance to have the spray mixture on the plants when the fain comes. If the spraying is completed half an hour before rain sufficient of the Bordeaux will stick to prevent infection. If the spraying is left until after prolonged rain in- fection will take place before the Bordeaux can be applied to the plants. Putting off spraying because it looks like rain Is one of the most frequent causes of failure to obtain results from potato spraying.—J. E. Howitt, 0. A. College, Guelph. Dig out borers from trunks of peach trees. Spray underside of rose leaves with nicotine sulphat to kill Leaf- -Hoppers. Grass, clover, alfalfa, or fall sown rye, are usually ready for pasture Stomach Worm Loss Preventable, Animal husbandry division men at the University- of Minnesota Farm say that sheep owhers of the state have suffered great losses among their flocks by reason of the stomach worm. The lambs suffer the most. • "The best preventive and the one most easily given," says Philip A. Anderson of the division, "is copper sulphate or blue stone, as it is often known. Make a 1 per cent. solution by dissolving one-quarter of a pound of the blue atone in a pint of boiling water, adding cold water to make three gallons, being sure that a clear solution is obtained and always us- ing an earthenware or a wooden receptacle. The dose for lambs, ac- cording to size, is three-quarters of an ounce to one and one-half ounces; for older sheep, Left and one-half ounces to three ounces. An ordinary tablespoon holds one-half ounce. "A veterinarian's syringe can be esed, but care must be exercised in not pushing the plunger of the syringe too rapidly, as the solution may enter the lungs and give trouble. This treatment should be repeated In ten days or two weeks, or, if the flock Is badly infested, two or three times daring seasons at intervals of 30 days." Oh dyes ry CASTORIA now. Watch carefully pear trees and young apples- trees for Blossom Blight. Break off infested part. Re- peat every second tidy till danger is peat. Disinfect tools and any outs made. Children Cry • FOR FLETCHER'S' OASTOPtiA t 4 Mt on the uncovered table in st. largb ohattered bY mob balls as Were howl; and everybodg ladled ditto burled by old Ed. Orme, but it did his plate with Ma awn, spoon. 'There not prevent dlejointed or broken is never any defeat. Frau Mein- fingers in cam of a alight misiud,g- hard bakes_ cakes only three or four meat. In those days, too, before the times a year. Pie, tarts or cookies pitcher came .to the labile .of two.. are unknown. Another dinner con- strikes, the seta& wou14-' stand Meted of boiled , potatoes and fried modestly aside twenty feet away pork. Again nothing else. The from the, plate and snake no at - supper is regularly black Ibread, tempt to catch the ball. Had he done sausage or cheese and milk or Coffee. otherwise the risk of catching every The Meinhards live' very well by ball pitched that the latter did not peasant standards. And, as a matter hit would have worn out any catcher of fact they do have plenty. But in a week. Then came the invention it. is simple fare, varied only in the of the mitt, and the course of base - summer with an occasional dish of ball was changed. The innovation tea every day. On second thought, lettuce, served with cream. In the spread to the fielders, and one day the cat to* up his position as soon. fall, too, there is some fruit, a third baseman on a Philadelphia as the manna was distributed, and The familjes consumption of bread team, Lave Croos, it was, appeared on on the very spot, to spring on the is enormotts—more than 100 pounds the field with a mitt that has, been birds' when they should alight. But a week for the twelve persons. U . described as the size of a snare- the cat soon realized the failure of is mixed in a Vast trough, using drum. The rulers of the game then his tactics, and ferever abandoned sour dough instead of yeast. Theo perceived that they would have to the stalk in that particular lmauity. kneading of such a mass three times limit the dimensions of the gloves. This cat was slow but sure in his is by no means the Wiest weakly This was done, but nowadays every mental processes. task of the hausfrau. While it is player -wears a substantial mitt. The different greetings of two pet - being kneaded we will have a look There were a few hardy souls ted cats after the naturalist's ab - at the kitchen and the oven, capable among the players who thought it Bence for six months convinced him of taking in twenty loaves of bread effeminate to wear this armour,, and that the memory of both was ten - if need he, each loaf weighing around continued to use the light glove, or acioua, and that they reasoned about seven pOunds. To -day there are but in some cases no gloves at all. They him as a -home-coming friend se - fifteen loaves, however. The kitchen -found, however, that the heavy glove cording to their temperaments. One is floored with flagstones. At one had altogether altered the game, that cat welcomed him 'with the affee- tide is the codkstove, brick with an the man who was gloveless could not tion to be expected of a dog, but not iron top. The whole wall behind it , compete with he man who was not, of a feline. The other, a dignified is of smoke-stained brick, in the cen- j and then ap later "for the sake of Tom, Marked the naturalist attent- ter of which is an opening about the the wife and the kiddies" they yielded ively when he came in, gave him size and shape of half an end of a ' to temptation. The point was that an obvious recognition, but showed no emotion or inclination for con- tact. "It would not have surprised me if he had yawnhd," says the naturalist Probably Tom made his toilet. The strange relation of tie - pathic communication between a Bishop's lady and the cat she had left on an estate with the gardener winds up Mr. Endson's notes. In a dream the lady beheld the cat "stand- ing on the top of a wall, in lament- able plight, evidently starving to death and very weak." The following morning in great concern she told the incredulous Bishop that her cat was being neg- lected, and she took a train to re- lieve. the beleaguered animal. The Bishop's lady made for the wall of her dream, and there was the "wild, haggard face" and wasted form of her black cat. It "rushed into my arms and clung to me frantically." The beast was little more than skin teems that were put into the oven ting down his start and making it and bones. What happened to the six hours after the embers had been reasonably certain that he would be cruel gardener is not told. Most raked out, caught at third. There has been a people would see no telepathy in the The great stove in the living room vast improvement in the manufac- incident, but merely a coincidence. is also fired through a hole in the tu re of bats Nowadays they are as Ladies often dream about their cats. brick wall from the kitchen. It in equipped with a tank with which the pump can be connected, so that there is always warm water on hand—for the cows. Meinhard never gives his cows cold water. Farmer readers will know whether this has anything to do with the fact that the animals give big yields of milk and butter. The big stove also does extra duty in another way. In the second story of the house is the smokeroom. When at butchering time, the sausages have been stuffed and ' the 'hams, bacon, etc., are cured, they are hung up here, a small door in the vast chimney is opened and the smoking is done with- out burning any extra wood. Goose - breasts and legs are also pickled and stnaked and the simplest peasant thus has a greater variety in his flesh foods than the average Ameri- can farmer who does not live near a butcher shop. At night, after the womenfolk have done all the chores, they all sit around silently in the living room, waiting until it is quite dark before they light a light. Nobody reads or plays games. Finally they go to bed. The day's work is done, except that mother may have to get up a couple of hours—or several hours—later to open the door for father when he comes from a .meeting of the veter- ans' association or from a game of cards. In the harvest time, how- ever, she will not be in bed when he comes home. She will be unloading potatoes, or carrying rye, wheat and oats up to the attic. The peasant woman works harder and more hours than the draft cow, the next hardest worker on the farm, for after the cow's work is done the woman -must feed and milk her and clean the stables, and then, if there is no farm work to be done, she -must find time for the sewing, and mending which must be attended to. It is a striking fact that, while the young girls of a German village' are much more alert and intelligent than the boys of the same age,- the women, and especially the married women, appear stupid and unintelligent cora. pared with their men. Much child- bearing and ceaseless hard work leave their traces, while the men have meanwhile, had the training in alert- ness and that contact with men of other parts of the country which were the redeeming features of universal military service. hared her friend the dog, Men visualizing him as a big, strong Crea,:. tare with'sbig mouth to carry, sal nesse also that he was abOi..\ tent to her and quick to respond to, her wiehes." In arguing that the mother cat thought, Mr. Hudson( proves that the dog also. reasoned— moreover, that he was sympathetic, for he must have held the infanta very lightly in his mouth. Then there is the case of the cat that -suede 'a poor business of stalking the birds his mistress was feeding with crumbs after the English 6 o'clock, hogshead. The old grandmother is in the pre -glove days a man who carrying in armful after armful of , fielded a ball had to catch it with wood and shoving it into a yawning ' a swift withdrawing movement in hole with gradually ascending brick order that his hand should not be roof, ten feet or more deep and per- hurt. This took a fraction of time. haps a yard high at the highest With a heavy glove the fielder could Point. The oldest boy stands idly by. let the ball slap into the cushion "Why don't you help your grand- mother bring in the wood?" I ask. He grins loutishly and looks sur- prised. What are the women there for, anyway? He has learned his lessons early. He carries in no wood. The fire is started and burns until only a few embers remain. The bricks give out 'h tremendous heat. The embers and ashes are raked out and in go the loaves, to stay eetro hours and come out smelling pleasantly and Dunn, both players well known, to. quite different from the soggy stuff Toronto fans. When the hit-and-run that passes for bread in the big cities. play was afoot, they devised a scheme Ole is surprised to learn that the of chasing the runner on second oven, thus heated once, will retain back to the base the moment before its heat all day. I had baked po- the ball was delivered, thus cut - ants still use cows for all draft pur- poses. but Meinhard hag two horses —and reports to her lord and master that all is ready. He then condes- cends In accompany her and two of the girls to the field. There are four boys- four, six, eight and ten years old. Their chief object in life rip - pears to be to keep out of effective range of soap, water and handker- chiefs. The mother, working from dawn until late into the night, has no chance to keep them clean. The three eldest lei'ys and the youngest girl still attend school. The second breakfast, whether taken at the house dr in the fields, consists of black bread with a piece of sausage, cheese or Smoked meat. About 1 o'clock conies the chief meal. One day it consisted of a thick pea - Map, very bit, and a piece of boiled, stacked aide pork. The soup was without any yielding, and could throw to a base without the lois of an instant'. The big gloves made the game faster, besides saving the hands of the players. Have there been any improvements in the game since then? Accord- ing to Manager Robinson, of the Brooklyn team, there hasn't been a new play in twenty years. The last one was introduced by McGinnity end carefully made and balanced as bib- But Mr. Hudson- was profoundly =- hard cues, with a particular style pressed: "The first case of telepathy of bat for each bataman. The ball, as I consider it, I have met with be. too, is livelier. This year it appears tween a human being and a livelier than ever, which is said to be Cats are such family institutions that due to the finer quality of wool that it would be futile for any otie to is available now that the war is ' argue that they 'do not think. Still over. It is possible, therefore, to it should be much easier to assemble hit it farther, a hint which we hope evidence that dogs reason. some loyal fan will call to the atten- tion of the Toronto team, which evi- dently is unaware of the progress of scienceand the march of events. Hug'hie Jennings, famous as the manager of the Detroit team, and now an assistant manager of the New York Ciants, is competent to compare the heroes of old With those of to -day. He had the privilege of being "beaned" by Amos Rustle, celebrated for the speed of his ball, but says that Walter John- son can hurl them just as hard. He also makes the curious remark that while he has never seen Grover Cleveland Alexander, he is informed that he has as much steam as Rusie. For ten years Alexander has been one of the outstanding figures in pro- fessional baseball. Yet a man equally illustrious in the same field of en- deavor has never seen him. We wonder will Dempsey 'and Carpen- tier require to be formally introduced when they meet in July? INVENTIONS AND CHANGES ON BASEBALL FIELD Those who have been privileged to grasp the more or less honest hand of the contemporary professional ball player May have been astonished to note that it is no more disfigured with swollen knuckles and crooked joints than the hand -of the average bank clerk. It was far from so in the olden days. Thirty years ago a ball player might have been identi- fied by his hand as infallibly as a prize fighter by his ear. The New York Tribune recently printed photo- graphs of the hands of some of the famous old timers, especially catch- ers an4 infielders, which showed them to be almost as crooked as the 1919 White Sox. Having done ao, it con- tinued to muse about some of the improvements which have overtaken the national American game. It was the invention of the 'baseball mitt, as distinguished from the baseball glove that saved the hands of subsequent ball players. Credit for this invention is given to Decker, whom some old timers may recall as a catcher far the Toronto team in the days when the game was played over the Don and the second bounce was almost out. In those days the catcher wore on his left hand a padded glove, with the. finger tips reinforced by stiff leather. This glove used to save the catcher's hand „from being NATURALISTS BELIEVES THAT CATS -THINK. What every woman knows is that her pet cat thinks. So it will sur- prise her to learn that the British naturalist, W. H. Hudson, who be- gan to observe life in the open in long past Patagonian days, is at pains to discuss the reasoning fac- ulty of the domestic cat in the Corn - bill Magazine. Do cats think? he asks, concluding that the "creature so subtle,: distant, cold and self- centered" lives by thought as well as by instinct. Robert Louis Stevenson was, strangely, no admirer of the dug, but -the cat's intelligence he praises. When I play with my cat," says Monteigne, "who knows whether I do not make her more sport than she makes me?" Apparently he be- lieved that his favorite had a sense of humor, and the attribute implies shrewdness.' Mr. Hudson sets out to prove by illustrations of the behavior of cats that they learn from experi- ence. He sees a cat trying to stalk a pied wagtail, and, suddenly giving tip the enterprise, to relax and Walk sedately away. The wagtail, a bird quick of wing, had gone on feeding oblivious seem- ingly of the crouch and stealthy ad- vance of the hunter. It is the opin- ion of the naturalist that the cat marked the readiness of,.the bird to flit -away, and with a "What's • the, suse?" relinquished the adventure. Nevertheless, cats do catch birds— a Massachusetts naturalist estimates that they surprise and kill twenty on the average every year, according to the New York Times. But the victims are often young and unso- phisticated birds. It is a foolish cat that :stalks a mature bird in the open. Mr. Hudson's best story is about the cat,that was soon to become a nether and had a -loyal friend in a dog. For a week before the interest- ing event she went about the house selecting the right place. After the event she was not satisfied with the retreat. She called upon her friend the dog for help. Under her direi- ties he tarried the kittens, one by one, in his Mouth, from one floor to another. Several times he had to do this, for the mother was hard to please. The ladies of the house witnessed the migrations. There. were eeveral of them. Why did the cat not move the kittens herself? "The only pessible explanation of the eat's ac- tion," says the natifalist, "is that she found herself powerless, prob- ably 'after trial, to accorhplish the task herself; that she then remem- _ t, 4,, g„ggiate,41,,,,A , ktekeu qt.4'• ' ' '46 • kl% Al; Ostc tl"jetAt 4'4'it" P'15 -04a .1/f 4071% A.34.14'4411,1,41:44 ,t'W"-'-'2S°1410'slebe SSei1A.SelftS'er/St'S"l'le-S", 'AA AM, •1"?', 4..-4 • , A t ;,,t40,1 LLOYD GEORGE MOBBED. Birmingham Has Now Wiped Out Stain mi Its History. Premier Lloyd George recently re- ceived the freedom of the 'city of Birmingham. Th us Birmingham re- moves the reproach of twenty years. 1 was a witness of the attempts at his destruction made on that fateful winter night in 1901, at the height of the Boer War,- by a mob of 50,000 Birmingham people. In the process •')ey wrec lted their beautiful city hall and were only dispersed, by a baton charge of the police who had already suffered many casualties from flying missiles. In the melee that ensued one man was killed and many were seriously injured. At the urgent request of the chief of police Mr. Lloyd George was induced to don the uniform of a police officer and march out with a squad through the crowd. Fortunately, he was not recogniz- ed, and so escaped. Mr. Herbert Du Parcq in his four - volume biography. of the Premier has, howeeser, recorded that the lat- ter was ogly persuaded to actede to the request by the strong represen- tations of the police chief that by re- fusing to adopt such a course Mr. Lloyd George was seriously jeopar- dizing the safety of hit friends and protectors. Shortly after the affair the late W. C. Caine, M.P., met Mr. Joseph Chamberlain in the lobby of the :louse of Commons and twitted him with Birmingham's falime to accom- el Its design. "Whari the matter with Birmingham?" be said. To ---It eb the In mons Colonial Secretary ery(ieally: "What is every- busines3 is nobody's bust- -tees." Tee 11,tterless engendered lasted the civic re- conr,ected with the af- oot Iasi hr ,e,:•1:3 at the next munl- -!r., eon -cls as 0, reFIllt. Othe public 111a.11 Waft hoard, how - nor, to remark that I he next time Lloyd George visited Birmtngham it --(mid he re a Cabinet Minister. It v:a2., a la -log forecast in those stren- 'lees du,,, but Ii was literally fa - ,l11,1. Arlo, five "ears Lloyd George .s.`ViSited Birmingham es President or Ow Board of Trade in the Camp- bell -Bannerman Government. As chief steward of the meeting I to direct him to the platform .,wing to the awkward access. Con- requantly I had the thrilling exper- ience of witnessing the tumultuous reception then accorded him. Mr. TATA George in the opening sentence c;f that speech exercised some of the ,-,-Inrdry which has now become pro- verbial. "When I took my ticket to? Birmingham," he said, "the hooking clerk at London asked me if I would like to insure." The laughter that followed put speaker and audience at ease and even on friendly terms. At the banquet which followed the meeting Mr. Lloyd George remarked that for 'years he had been conscious of something in the back of his mind, and when, he tried to recollect he realized that it was "that Birming- ham meeting." The roll of Birmingham's freemen is not a long bne. The names -1 i tth h ewr eoehanavre. practically all those of m e personally served the city itself. Only in rare instances, as in the case of the late Earl Roberts, V.C., for his services in the Boer War, does Biqa- ineham go outside in the coriferrilag of this honer.—Sydney T. Checaland In Toroxite„ �r Weekly. 1( 1. at 41 - kr,