HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Gazette, 1894-04-19, Page 2JACK ASHORE.
PERILS OF THE BRITISH SAILOR
AFTER HE IS PAID OFF.
Mrey of Crimps, Bullies, and Trlppers—
The Crimp Gets A11 His Money and
Then Ships Him for a Long Voyage.
Those making a special study of the ques-
tion say that 18,000 sailors and sailor boys
may be found in London every night. Most
of these do not live there—in fact, have no
home anywhere in the sense of word under-
stood by landsnien. Jack ashore has been
given a deal of attention ; so mach, in fact,
that no trade nor class of men has so many
different kinds of persons looking out for it,
Some of these have his welfare at heart.
Same of them care nothing for his welfare,
but devote themselves to his pockets and
to getting rid of him as soon as these are
emptied.
A day or so ago two sailors appeared be-
fore Mr. Lusbington at the Bow street po-
lice court in London, and charged Jeremiah
Brady, of Well street, St. George's -in -the -
East, with having them unlawfully shipped
aboard the British steamship Thirlmere. It
was proved that Brady had no license and
was, in fact, a crimp.
" Crimp," according to the dictionaries,
is the term applied to a person who, gener-
ally by false pretenses, decoys others into
a service, especially by unlawful detention.
At one time, not so very long swathe crump
was a recognized evil and when press gangs
flourished was regarded as a valuable ad-
junct of government itself. But stringent
laws have been passed and the crimp exists
to -day only because so many Jacks ashore
act
MORE LIKE BABIES THAN ME's
from the moment they get on solid ground
until they are afloat once more. ,
The two sailors who made the charges
against Brady went to his boarding house
and left their clothes there. Brady induced
them to hand their discharge papers over
to him. Then, when there was nothing more
to be made out of them, he shipped them
abroad the Thirlmere.
- Unfortunately for Brady,the Thirlmere is
a British ship. Had she been a foreigner the
board of trade would have been without
jurisdiction and Brady would have escaped
punishment. As it is he was convicted of
unlawfully supplying seamen and was fined
L11, including costa. But for one case of
this kind that reaches the eourts probably
twenty or more cases are never heard of.
In sailor towns
THERE ARE MANY ALLUREMENTS
for Jack ashore, and a majority of these do
not tend to benefit either his health or his
pocket. He can keep away from them if he
pleases, but as a general thing he does not
please.
Jack ashore can hardly be judged by an
ordinary standard. He has been away per-
haps on a long voyage, has hardly put his
foot on land fora year. Ha has been doing
nothing but work, and whether he would or
would nothe has been unable to spend any
money for the simple reason that he has not
had any. When he arrives in port, there-
fore, and knows that in three days.
HIS POCKETS WILL BE LINED
the temptation to have a " bit of a fling" is
very strong. If he once goes ashore on his
own hook and is not exceedingly circum•
spect in his conduct the " bit of a fling"
often means empty pockets and not sel-
dom a broken head. The crews of ships
that arrive in the port of London are paid
off three days after arrival at the shipping
offices of the board of trade. Every- crimp
in Sailor Town knows the date of departure
and destination of each vessel that leaves
the port, and can calculate to a nicety when
she will return. His runners are on the
dock to the minute. They see Jack and
they hail him whether they know him or
not, and, if possible, they get hold of his
clothes.
Once the box and bag are in their posses-
sion the chances are that Jack is also, for a
sailor's clothes are to him as tools are to a
carpenter. Without his bag Jack cannot
go to sea, so he follows his bag. There are
many respectable sailors' boarding-- houses
to which runners are attached, but these
are not "run" by crimps. The Iatter often
give their victims nothing but a bare shelter,
and until Jack is paid off supply him with
enough cash for his grnb and a reasonable
afiount of drink. The crimp is careful
that Jack shall not go on a debauch until
he has received his wages ; then he engineers
the debauch in a manner that gives Jacks a
headache and
MAKES HIM ANXIOUS TO GET TO SEA
as fast as possible. There are public houses
in Sailor Town, the lowest dens in it, which
enable the crimp to outwit his victim with
the least possible amount of trouble. A
single drink of alleged whisky, which is
fire water in every sense of the term, will
put Jack in a generous frame of mind and
makes him feel as if it were a matter of no
consequence whether he - or anyone else
"stands drinks" for the crowd. A glass
of drugged liquor makes him oblivious to hie
surroundings. While in this condition he
is taken to a, strange boarding house and
put to bed.
Sometimes every penny is taken from
him, and he is awakened in the morning by
the pdasessor of a gruff voice and a villain.
out face, who says : "Now, then, do you
want to sleep here all day as well as all
night ?" The poor wretch is still almost.
on his beam ends from the effects of the
drugged liquor, and if he weren't a sailer
would probably wish that he was dead. He
does not recognise his surrpundings, and
asks how he came there. He is told he paid
for night's lodging, and having had it he
must get out. He staggersout to the crimp's
place. The crimp has a respectable per-
centage of Jack's money in his pocket, but
laughs at the victim when the latter de-
clares he has been robbed. Jaele may ask
for his.clothes. He is told to pay up. He
says he has nomoney, but -will pay, with his
month's advance es: soon as he gets a ship.
Sometimes he gets' a ship himself and
HANDS OVBilr HIS ADVANCE WIDER,
to the crimp in exchange for his clothes,
although hemayowe thencrimp only a few
shillings-, while the order may be for £4.
emetiaies the, eripip finds . a -ship for his
victim, ., a foreigner: if possible„ and then
makes terms vehich are as profitable for
himself as they are unprofitable for. Jack.
At `other:times Jaekis not;robbed, except
in. a mild;sortof way, befoi fie: is -bundled
into bed " He is woke np theenern ng
..b
y the boardrn,house keeperr,,xvho says
h " t'iNt. 1? si'- and h es botlzs 'hist-
4et „hag 110- ol3t os. of t n ing of this,
sort, and says so He is told ,to get un
and come downstae,He does so, and is
shown a table that is packed with empty.
bottles which have been -collected for .the
purpose. He is informed that he refused
to permit anyone to " stand a single
round," but insisted that he should pay for
everything. His bill is presented. It
amounts to half or three-quarters of his
money. He pays it. Then the boarding-
house keeper, with assumed heartiness,
insists upon " standing" drinks " for old
acquaintance Enke." The liquor is drugged,
and Jack staggers into the street to fall
into the hands of those who are waiting for
him. When they leave him he is penniless.
There is danger every foot of the way for
the sailor who wanders about Sailor town
at night.
Two of these dangers are
THE "TRIPPER" AND THE "BULLY."
The " tripper" is a female and the " bully"
a male brute. Every " tripper" has her
" bully." Sometimes they work in couples,
sometimes singly. The " tripper" is o
called on account of her dexterity in trip-
ping. She does not trip as the country
maiden does in light opera, nor does she
trip herself ; she trips the unwary sailor.
When she meets the Iatter in a locality
where she is not likely to get any assistance,
and she finds that her ordinary blandish-
ments have no effect, she suddenly trips him
up, and then, almost before, he is aware of
what has happened, kicks him about the
head and face until he is unconscious. Then
she proceeds to rob him of everything of
value. The general opinion in Sailor Town
is that the " tripper" is more brutal, if
that is possible, than the " bully."
Not long ago a sailor boy landed and fell
among theives. He thought they were hail
fellows, for before he had drawn his pay,
which was £24, he found that his credit was
good for all that he wanted. One of his
newly made friends took him to a slop shop,
where he purchased a suit of clothes worth
a guinea for £3 10s. Then he bought a pair
of boots and a ring. When he drew his pay
he paid for these articles,and then, to show
there were no hard feelings, all hands ad-
journed to a public house and had " drinks
around" at the sailors boy's expense. He re-
membered nothing more until the morning,
when he found himself in the street minus
his clothes, boots, ring—everything,
EXCEPT A PAIR OP DRAWERS.
There is always a crowd of crimps, run-
ners, and touts—the latter of both sexes—
hanging about the shipping offices 'of the
board of trade, where sailors are paid oft,
and if a sailor delivers himself into the
hands of any of these he is lost. Many a
man who has drawn his pay and has been
inveigled into taking a single drink has
found himself stranded the next morning.
This often happens to men with wives and
families, and in numerous cases the sailors,
upon waking to a full consciousness of the
situation, ha' a been ashamed to face their
wives and have shipped for other voyages
without catching a glimpse of those who
were anxiously awaited their coming.
Often a sailor's wife, who knows that his
ship has come in, will call at the shipping
offices to ask if her husband has been seen
or has drawn his pay. She will discover
that he has drawn his pay, but otherwise
cannot learn whether he is dead or alive.
The shipping offices of the board of trade
are soon to be removed to Well street. This
thoroughfare is short, but not sweet. On
account of the contemplated removal and
the knowledge that the street will be more
dangerous than ever for Jack ashore, aMis-
cion to Seamen institute has just been
opened there. In it there is a large and
comfortable room, which is well furnished
with newspapers and magazines and with
games, and into this room
JACK IS AT LIBERTY
to come and enjoy himself in a rational way
and without price until 10 o'clock in the
evening. The organization is else building
a large institute in East India road, and
the intention is to keep that open until the
public houses close.
From the foregoing it might seem as if
Jack ashore was a person much to be pitied
—in fact that ho had not only a hard life
afloat, but little chance for a quiet one on
land. This is not so. Jack need not step
into any of the pitfalls mentioned unless he
is so disposed, although there may be more
excuse for him than if he were a landsman.
Every ship that arrives at the port of Lon-
don is boarded atGravee end by an official of
the, board of trade. This official catechizes
the crew and finds out how many men do not
live in London and have homes elsewhere.
Every man who is willing to go to his home,
no matter where it may be in the kingdom,
as provided with arailway ticket and 10
shillings for spending money on the way.
Then the men who aro willing to go to the
sailors' home are picked out and their num-
ber is sent by telephone to the home. At no
matter how late an hour the ship arrives
in Bort the men who go to the sailors' home
find a hot supper waiting for them. Good
board and lodging is to be had at the sailor's
home for 15 shillings a' week.
When the ship arrives at her dock the
home's cart is there waiting. The crimps
and runners gnash their teeth as they see
the dunnage of the- crew thrown into the
cart and the crew mount on top of it. The
men who have railway tickets are taken to
the station by an official of the home and
put aboard the proper train, and, when the
ship is paid off, their money less the price
of their fare and the 10 shillings advanced
is sent to them . - If sufficient accommo-
dation cannot be provided at the home
good boarding houses, where the men will
be properly taken care of, will be found for
them. It is said that when the shipping.
offices are removed to-Weilatreet there will
be a mee,nsof communication between them
and the sailors' home, so that it will not be
necessary for the sailors who are stopping
at the home to show themselves -to the
harpies, who will throng the vicinity ; and
these harpies have been known to number
120 When a single ship's crew was being
paid off
ClearinganObstacle.
An Irishman, having placed a new chim-
ney on his cottage, called one of hisneigh-
bours to show him his handiwork.
"Now 1 -what do yez:. think to it?" said
Mike to his neighbour.
" Begorra," said that worthy " but the
chimney -is !peeing to the ''left."-- .
- "An' bedad.S" replied Mike, "ii` you: wuz
to go round to the backyard an' look at it,
,you'd say it wuz-laneing.to the night, so
shure it must be: straight."
-1 ilEriALLa
Medicated Fomentations.
There are many frrms of the -medicated
and cooling compress for -the relief of -pain
Chat most frequently used, perhaps, is the
menthol application. Take ordinary men
thol liniment and mix with it two or three
parts of water ;and saturate in it a cloth
large enough tocover the part to be treated.
Extract of witch hazel and laudanum may
also be used. The witch hazel may be
used full - strength. For the lauda-
num, use one teaspoonful to four or five
teaspoonfuls of water. Dip the cotton in
it, end spread over the part.
The fomentation may be medicated to
increase its power as a counter -irritant, or
to intensify -the soothing effect. For the
former, mustard, Cayenne pepper, or tur-
pentine may be used ; and for the latter,
laudanum or poppy -head tea.
To give a mustard fomentation, cover the
part with one thickness of cotton cloth,
and sprinkle over it about half a teaspoon-
ful of dry mustard. Cover with another
layer of thin cloth, and then put on the
fomentation. As soon as the patient begins
to be uneasy from the burning, remove the
mustard, and continue the fomentation as
long as desired. The pepper may be used
in the same way. For a turpentine fomen-
tation, take one thickness of woolen cloth,
wet it in hot water, and sprinkle on it ten
to twenty drops of turpentine. Wring or
rub the cloth soas to distribute the turpen-
tine evenly. Lay this over the, painful -part,
and then apply the hot fomentation cloth.
When sufficient reaction is secured, the
turpentine may be removed, and the treat-
ment.continued as above. Twenty to thirty
drops of laudanum applied in the same way
as the turpentine, is used for a more pro-
longed application, as it is soothing in its
effect.
As a fomentation in a private house has
to be given in bed, -great pains should be
taken to avoid getting the bedclothes wet
and also to keep from wetting the carpet
or furniture, The water in the pail can be
kept hot by covering closely with a blanket
or anything that may be handy. If no oil-
cloth is at hand, common newspapers may
be used under the pail and around the bed
to protect the floor. —Never try to give a
fomentation with a cotton handkerchief or
a small crash towel. See that the water is
hot, not tepid, and make the treatment
neat and pleasant fos the patient.
How to Cure Cholera.
The great dread with which this disease
ie regarded finds an ample foundation in
the terrible fatality which bas nearly always
attended the malady, as shown by the
records of its ravages from the earliest
times to the present. Doubtless a few per-
sons fall victims to the disease through
fright, but the usual cause of death in chol-
e_a is the intense poisoning of the system
by a specific poison produced by the mic-
robes or germs to which the disease is due.
The futility of the alcoholic and other
methods of treatment of his disease, has
been very clearly shown by the more ra
tional methods introduced in modern times,
No physician who is thoroughly conversant
with the result of modern investigations
upon this subject would thins: of giving
alcohol to a cholera patient, although it was
once , retied up )n as the most essential
measure of treatment. As Dr. Ernest
Hart, editor of the British Medical Journal,
very ably remarked in his address at the
last meeting of the -American Medical As -
so dation. " The introduction of alcohol"`
into the system of the cholera patient i
simply to add another poison to those wit
which -the body is already struggling."
New Theory of Sleep.
A new theory of sleep has recently bee
advanced by a German investigator,to th
effect that the animic condition of th
brain in sleep is due to an excess of wate
in the brain cells. The idea is that slee
is due to fatigue of the nerve cells, whie
brings about some change in the circulatio
of the blood. The theory is that the nerve
cells are supposed to be full of water whe
sleep comes on, and during sleep this wate
passes into the venous blood. When th
water has thus passed _ out and the cell
have received nourishment from the arteria
blood, the sleeper awakens At the sum
time that we note this theory, we also se
another one advanced to the effect that
sleep is caused bypressure on the surface
of the brain due to a congestion of the pia
mater. A number of theories have been
advanced from time to time to explain this
mysterious but very common phenomenon,
sleep. We are not by any means satisfied
with the two latest additions to the num •
bar. ---
The Hygiene of Laughter.
_.. -ice
`TRICTPOSIBLE.
Some Prcialiar Conditions as a Result of
the New .Native Power—The Market
Gardener Will Have to Change Ws
Methods.
There seems to be no doubt that -.the
electric current will Its applied to street
locomotion in an increasing ratio. A re-
cent issue of the London Times contained
the information that during the past few
weeks a parcels van driven by electricity
hasenade its appearance in London streets.
it resembles an ordinary two -horse . van
without shafts. The current is supplied by
accumulators hung below the body of the
vehicle ; these with one charge can propel
it 50 miles at any desired speed up to ten
miles an.hour, .and when run down can be
changed for a fully -charged sot in a couple
of minutes, The steering is said to be very
easy and satisfactory, and is managed from
a wheel worked by the driver's right hand.
The motor occupies a very small part of
the interior, which is lighted by two elec-
tric lamps. It is stated that this van can
be run and maintained at about half the
cost of one of the same size drawn by 'two
horses. If this sort of conveyance should
come into general use, it will be a further
step towards
BANISHING THE HORSE
from the streets of our cities. In Canadian
cities this tendency is already producing
important results. In Toronto, for instance,
a year or two ago there wee 1,300 street
car horses ; now there are only about 276,
or Less than a fifth of the former number.
In a year or two more the horse car will be
a curiosity for a museum. No doubt this
is a good thing from a public health point
of view. Our streets are not nearly so
dirty as they were, and the necessity
of stables is being abolished. But an-
other result is that an important source of
manure for the market gardener, the far-
mer, and the florist has been suddenly
cat off. As the tendency to banish
animal traction is gradually developed,
a number of tillers of the; soli will find
that they will have to revise their meth-
ods, and this is a consideration that is
being telt in a considerable area in the
outskirts of cities. Under these circum-
stances it will be in order for our agri-
cultural colleges and the directors of our
experimental farms to give some instruc-
tion as -to what is the best thing to do. No
doubt there are means of artificial manur-
ing which are quite as effective as the use
of the old-fasioned farm -yard product, but
unless the fertilizers are used with due re-
ference to the knowledge that science sup-
plies, there will be a good deal of waste.
Meanwhile, it may be suggested thatit is a
matter which is worthy of the attention of
our Provincial Department of Agriculture.
There is probably no pursuit in which
technical instruction is more needed in the
midst of -the changing conditions of modern
life than agriculture, and there is none
which will better repay the expenditure
of time and effort.
Recent Seismology.
From the time of the ancients until the
middle of our own century the phenomena
of earthquakes had been observed and de-
scribed on countless occasions. But if any
one will look over the pages of Humboldt's
"Cosmos," (published in 1844,) which sum-
marize the then existing knowledge on this
subject, he will find almost no sign that
earthquakes are to be studied like other
mechanical motions.
The effects of the great Neapolitan earth-
s I quake of 1857 were so studied by Mr. Rob -
h ert Mallet, a distinguished engineer, and his
most interesting work, in two profusely -
illustrated volumes, is, perhaps, the first
in which an attempt is made to attack the
problem from its mechanical side. His
n study of the destruction due to the earth -
e quake was intended to lead to the know -
e ledge of the intensity' of the individual
✓ blows or impluses. But, in fact, an earth -
P quake is not made up of blows at all. It
h is a continuous series of intricate twist-
n ings and oscillations .in all possible direc-
s tions, up and down, east and west, north
n and south, of the greatest irregularity both
✓ in intensity and direction.
e Frequently it is quite impossible to find
s among these any single impulse at all ade-
1quate'to do the damage wiich is actually
e observed. This damage is not done by a
e blow; it is done by the combination of many
small motions and twistings taking place
in many directions. On account of this
fundamental misconception of the nature
of ar. earth quake, most of the conclusions
arrived at by Mr. Mallet are not valid,
and his methods generally do not lead to
correct results. But, nevertheless, the
spirit in which the question was approached
was the true one, and he is one of thefound-
ers of the modern science of earthquake
measurement.
This science had its birth in the city of
Tokio only a few- years ago. Within the last
dozen years the University of Tokio
hasbrought together great num-
ber of foreigners of ambition and learning
to constitute its Faculty. I shrewdly sus-
pect that in many cases they had few pres-
cribed duties, and that the instruments and
laboratories for research were often lacking
at least in the earlier years. This band of
learned and active men could not fail to be
incited to the study of the very frequent
earthquakes in Tokio and the vicinity,
(when we take all Japan into account there
are on an average two shocks daily,) and
it is chiefly to the members of the Seismo-
logical Society of Japan that we owe the
science of earthquake measurement.
It has been aptly said that there is not
the remotest. corner of the inlet of the
minute blood vessels of the human body
that does not feel some wavelet from the
convulsions occasioned by good, hearty
laughter. The life principle of the central
roan is shaken to its innermost depths,
sending new tides of life and strength to
the surface, thus materially tending to
insure good health to the persons who indulge
therein. The blood moves more rapidly,
and conveys a different impression to all
the organs of the body, as it visits them
on that particular mystic journey when the
man is laughing, from what. _it does at
other times. For this reason every good
hearty laugh in which a person indulges,
tends to lengthen his life, conveying as it
does new and distinct stimulus to the vital
forces.
,
Take Care oldie Body.
If a man injures his liver by bad treat-
ment, it can never be restored to perfect
soundness. If a man abuses his stomach,
it is injured for life. He may have his
crippled stomach repaired; to such -a degree
that it will digest, but it will never again
be able to do the amount *work it once
olid. So we ought -not to abuse these God_:
given bodies; we ought to make the niogt
of our vital forces, and: save and-, preserve;
rather than squander them -
-When To Drink. -
Probably the best time to drink isbefore
meals. It necessary to supply sufficient
fluid to the blood for the fnanufacture of the_:,
digestive juices. consequently it is Won, to'
take some _ fluidebefore` eating, in _many
ases (especially in eating ttry food); a °gltyss-
two -of water should: be taken beforereatt
np , in case the stomach. is able t o nlisorb it
reaaity.
c
It proposed :that Dsta e. -stains be or
numbered so that when
g Po t
en; stoles- from- post -i
c s the l?
.,o h rogues e
sma-'
be:
traced. y
tra d.
Gigantic Leaves.
What trees bear the largest leaves? An
English botanist tells us that it is those that
belong_ to the palm family. First must be
mentioned the Inaja palm, of the banks of
the Amazons, the leaves of which are no
less than 50 feet in length by 10 to 12 in
width. Certain leaves of the Ceylon palm
attain a length of 20 feet and the remark-
able width of 16. The natives use them for
making tents. Afterward comes the cocoa-
nut palm, the usual leegth of whose leaves
is about 30 feet. The Umbrella magnolia of
Ceylon bears leaves that are so large that
a single one may sometimes serve as a shel-
ter for fifteen or twenty persons. One of
these leaves carried to England as a speci-
men was nearly 36 feet in width. The plant
whose leaves attain the greatest dimensions
int -our temperate climate is the‘Victoria
regia. A specimen of this truly magnificent
plant exists in the garden of the Royal
Botanical -Society of Edinburgh. Its leaf,
-which is boutfeet in
a 7 diameter,is
capable of -_ ,supporting a weight of 305
rounds.
DEATH OF LORIS 110S31)1H.
THE AGED HUNGARIAN PATRIOT
PASSES AWAY AT TURIN.
It Was Not His Fortune to Die, as He Wish-
ed, to His Native Land—Career of One
of the Most Eloquent Orators and Un-
selfish Patriots of the Century.
A despatch from Turin says 1—Louis
Kossuth, the Hungarian patrist, died at 11
o'olock on Tuesday night.
Louis Kossuth, once Governorof Hungary,
was born in Monak, Hungary, on April 27,
1802, of a noble Croatian family. :: is
tendency to opposition to Austria may well
have been hereditarg, for between 1527 and
1715 seventeen members of his family were
prosecuted by the Austrian Government
for high treason. This instinct was fos-
tered by his course in the college of Patak,
an institution where traditions were all
anti -Austrian. Shortly after his graduation
he became an assessor for the county of
Zemplien and spoke in its Assembly. He
was at that time a lawyer. His political
influence among the people grew rapidly,
and at the age of 30 years he was sent to
the Diet at Presburg as an alternate for an
absent member, but when he endeavored to
speak he was set upon by the party in
power,
Finding freedom of speech denied to him,
he began publishing reports of the Diet's
proceedings and his articles were the sub-
jects of much 'attempted repreasion by
the Government. Feeling that he had
the people behind him e e published a series
of letters in Pest, criticizing the Govern-
ment with such courage and bitterness that
in 1837 he was sentenced to four years' im-
prisonment.
mprisonment. Two years later, when the
liberal party came into power, he was re-
leased, and in 1841 became the editor of the
Pest Journal. For seven years his unceas-
ing efforts were for the establishment of
Hungarian independence. As member of
the Diet he proposed the address to the
Emperor Ferdinand asking that Hungary
be restored to independence, and when this
was done Kossu th became Governor of
Hungare .
But the bloody war for thepreservation of
independence was cloaebehind. Kossuth saw.
it coming and prepared as best he could
Against combined armies from without and
treachery from within Hungary fought her
bravebut hopeless fight, and lost. The ext
Governor fled to Turkey, where be was im-
prisoned. Austria demanded his extradition,
but the Porte, strengthened by the support of
the United States and England, refused.
Thesetwonations demanded that Kossuth be
released, and the United. States sent the
war ship Mississippi to bring him to this
country as the nation's guest.
His request to be allowed to pass through
France was denied by Louis Napoleon, to
the great indignation of the French people.
In.England he was enthusiastically receiv-
ed, and on Dec. 5, 1851, he landed in the
United States, where he was received with
much enthusiasm. A gentleman who
has heard him speak writes of him :-
-"He was not merely the most versatile
but the most eloquent orator I ever heard.
He never repeated his thoughts or his ex-
pressions, and bis mastery of the secrets of
language was complete. There was one
peculiarity in his use of English that was
remarkable ; it was for the most part the
English of the Elizabethan age and of the
older einglish writers, and in that way he
acquired at times an exceedingly quaint,
f not obsolete, air. It arose from the fact
that be had learned English while he was
n prison, with no other books obtainable
han a dictionary and Shakespeare's playa.
There was a richness and originality in his
English vocabulary that is not often shown
by modern speakers."
Kossuth returned to Europe in 1852, and
for years lectured in the hope of winning
ther nations to help in the fight for Hun-
arian independence. His last great effort
was to get the Hungarians to repudiate the
leeak compromise with Austria. Failing
n this he settled down to a life of exile in
Turin. For some time this advertisment
ppeared in the Turin Courier:
Lessons in German, English, and Hangar -
an given at moderate rates by L. Kossuth,
64 Strada Nuova.
Thus he supported himself, declining a
if t of 50,000 florins offered to him by Han-
arian admirers. After the publishing of
is memoirs he lived in comparative com-
fort from the proceeds of the sale of tot
ook, his sister, Louise Kossuth Ruttkay,
eeping house for him. In 1892 the city of
udapest presented him with the freedom
f the city, and he was the recipient of
undreds of testimonials of hiscountrymen's
dmiration. Nevertheless he considered
hat he had lived his life in vain, not see -
g that Hungary, practically free to -day,
wes her liberty in a great measure to his
got in past years.
Kossuth was married when about 35
ears old and had three children, two sons
nd a daughter. His wife ands daughter
re dead ; his sons survive him.
Kossuth had three nephews in the_Union
rmy at the time of- the rebellion : Col.
ulyaysky, Col. Ruttkay, and Major Al-
ert Ruttsky, Mrs. Albert Ruttsky and
er son, Louis Kossuth Ruttsky, a name-
ke of his great uncle, live at 348 Grand
venue, Brooklyn.
The Stormiest Region
i
i
t
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i
a
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g
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h
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k
B
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t
in
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fi
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Known.
The -waters of Cape Horn have never
been unvisited by storms for more than a
week or two at a stretch within the mem-
ory of man. Stauding on the outpost of
the world Cape Horn is the meeting place
of ocean currents of very different temper-
atures, from the icy cold waters of the
Antarctic drift to the warmth of the Braz-
ilian and Peruvian return currents. The
prevailing winds are from the northwest
and west and these, coming from the warm
regions of the Pacific, condense into fogs,
which thesailors call "Cape Horn blankets"
and which are the sure forerunners of
storms. The extremely low level to which
the glaciers of Tierra del Fuego descent,
the - perpetual congelation of the
subsoil, the meeting of conflicting winds
of very different temperatures, are all direct
or indirect causes, combining_to-make this
the most constantly stormy region of the
world.
"What is verse, as distinguesbed from
poetry f" asked the inquisitive man. -"Verse,"
replied the magazine editor, after be had
pondered, "is the term applied by any poet
to the work of his.contemporaries."
There is nothing in the world so mucic
admired as a -man who knows how to hear
unhappiness with courage.
8
SOt
Their 1's
he
trot,
The e
fields a:
coast o:
ed cons
regards
interfe:
with
peciall
Balwer
and E
ground
trol of
jointly
lute rig
the Ian
either p
that till
the req
erican,
the thr
soldier'
maraud
Nicara.
Indians
their as
who sw
deny ill
to du p
Great
not kno
bound t
for^_.
Ti:
stale:::
are a.
eit t
th_
do in
United
these r.
attack
end urn_
wouid"1.
of those
order, a
a blight
in a stat
that wa.
grow in
possessi.
the Am
across t.
would s-
serve as
which e:
o t her.
The la
burg ma
to the
history
gram, w
then -pas
and seve
sympto
lungs, a
Prof. S
of St. P
him tor
for a lon
cient ca
Pereko.
to the e
The r
Great
northwe
has lost
den has
The pop
eration
search
forces o
Kiev a
and St
argume
believe
manent
he mast
change
years a
The f
partmen
mast at
attend .
sake, as
dignity,
room on
of stone
ments a
as abat.
Petersbr
to be offs
connects
Petersbu
to be lea
so far as
stantino
burg, wl•
any sent
It is q
lives, an
tution ai
on the 13
capita 1,
focus of
—{The 1
BU
A fele
Cnreton,
this we
illustrate
when on
war Gen
were sit,
light of
sultory
of this
eral sho
Present]
bottle c<
The car
ward, a
Cureton
the dire
cured at
the gam
and his
11
Durie
cions dr
sired.
give th
Snider's
Yeast
Sugar -
Luke eel
Dissol
add the
place f
ments,
sparkliri
The I
at all G
bottle.