HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Gazette, 1893-10-26, Page 3arm
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assess the
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she remark-
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;Possis in pub-
P&Pten
td ° The Mail
Vinke--" No,
i .him. Iain
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a wrong. They . were promised that their
lands would not be taken from them,
but that fair treaties would be made in
solemn council—promises the faithful
fulfilment of which has saved Canada from
Indian wars. Before the end of 187
Worn by Canada's Northwest Mounted
Police it is the Zymbol of Law and
Order - From the Rei River to the
Roc',ies•—A Segni-1_'tliiita'ry .Organiza-
tion -Which Has Won the Admiration
of the World.
By J. G. A. Creighton, in October Scribner's.
In 1873 the Dominion of Canada had
a serious problem to face. It had bought
Rupert's Laud from the Hudson Bay Com-
pany four years previously. The establish-
ment of the Province of Manitoba had re-
quired the Wolseley expedition of 1870,
and the maintenance of a garrison at Win-
nipeg, which was just springing up round
the wooden palisades of old Fort Garry.
But all beyond the Red River was practi-
cally unknown, and 30,00) Indians held the
plains over which the buffalo herds then
roamed. An army of regular troops, seemed
necessary to take and keep poS essi°g-
This was done by a force of three hundred
men, which for years practically ruled a
region as large as. France and Germany,
dealt with unruly populations and most
exacting conditions, and really brought_
about the civilizing of this vast district by
personal bravery, judgment, and character.
This paper proposes to tell something of
the story epitomized in - the badge and
motto of the Northwest Mounted Police,
whose scarlet tunic is the symbol of law and
order from the - Red River to the Rocky
Mountains, and from the United -States
border to Peace River and the Saskatche-
wan.
Though organized when "the late Hon.
Aleirander Mackenzie.. was premier, the
Mounted Police were one of Sir John Mac-
donald's inspirations, and after his return
to power, in 1878, they always remained
under his own eye. The red coat was no
mere concession to historic sentiment, but
his crafty appeal to Indian tradition of the
good faith and fighting qualities -of the
"King George's Man," whose ally their
brethren in the East had been, and to
whom even the great Hudson Bay Company
owed allegiance.
The nucleus of the force was got together
in Manitoba, in the autumn of 1873, . under
the command of Lieutenant-Colonel French,
of the Royal .Artillery, who had done Can-
ada good service in organizing her artillery
choels, and who, after winning fresh dis-
largely due to the services of the Police in
preventing annoyance and attacks on work-
ing parties by the Indians, maintaining
law and order among the thousands of nav-
vie& employed, and preventing entirely the
introduction of liquor. An army the camp-
'
of es— oc
for their expected harvest, but were kept
in perfect order. The Police did _
Colonel Macleod was able to report that 1 followers—gamblers, thieves, and ked i
� the Western border Suedes—
fl
the whiskey trade was completely suppress-
ed, that an unarmed man could ride safely
over what had been the battle -ground of
those hereditary enemies the Blackfeet and
Crees, and that the only Indian difficulty
to be apprehended was the meeting of war
parties from the different tribes. The best
result of the expedition was the: immediate
establishment of a prestige which bas
served the Police in good stead in many
a "tight place" since, and has enabled them
to disregard immeasurable odds against
them.
Colonel Macleod succeeded to the com-
mand upon Colonel French's resignation.
During the next two years the Police were
busy building themselves posts, establish-
ing supply farms, and exploring the country.
Those were the garden days of the force ;
the life was one of constant excitement and
adventure, and the duties were almost
purely military, for no settlers then went
beyond Manitoba. The great herds- of
buffalo still ranged the prairies, and it is
strange now to read in the old order -books.
prohibitions from shooting more animals
than could be used for food. The grizzly
bear had not beat his final retreat to the
mountains, and there were antelope in
abundance. The Indians often came into
conflict over encroachments upon each
other's hunting -grounds and were quick to
appeal to the red -coats as arbiters and pro-
tectors. At that time the Police had the
whdle management of the Indians on their
shoulders. They had to reconcile them to
the coming of the whites, and to protect
the surveyors, who had already begun par-
celling out the country and exploring the
route of the railway. Their abilities as
diplomats were evidenced by the readiness
with ;Which the Indians entered into the
treaties concluded between 1875 and 1877,
and their soldierly qualities by the bearing
of the detachments that escorted the com-
missioners. Convoying the large sums of
money and stores of supplies required for
the annual payments to each head of a
family was- a perilous duty.. The distribu-
tion of them required firmness, tact, and
insight into the mystery of Indian charac-
ter. But these are qualities the Police have
always shown in r> marked' degree.
- In 1877 nearly the whole of the little
force was concentrated on the south-western
frontier to watch and check the 6,000 Sioux
who sought refuge in Canada after their de-
feat of Custer on the Little Big Horn. Fort
Walsh, in the Cypress Hills, was made
headquarters instead of Fort Felly ; a pos-
commanding the trails from the Upper
Missouri was established at Wood Mount
tain to the eastward, and - the garrison of
Fort Macleod was increased. A time of
great anxiety ensued. The Canadian In-
dians, especially the Blackfeet, werestrong-
ly opposed to the presence of the Sioux—
the more so as it was already apparent that
the buffalo would be extinct in a few years.
The temptation was great to smoke the
tobacco sent them by Sioux runners, and
thus bind themselves to join in an ef-
fort to sweep out once and for all the white
men, whose numbers - seemed so scanty.
Bnt—chiefly. under Crowfoot's influence—
it was resisted, and they helped the Police
by refraining from hostilities, and afford-
ing information as to the doings of the
new -comers. Sitting Bull and hiswarriors
were met with a quiet resolution that
astonished them, and won their immediate
respect. They were told that so long as
they observed the law they would be pro-
tected, but could expect nothing more,
and would not be allowed to settle per-
menently in Canada, and they were finally
induced to surrender" peacefully to the
United States authorities in 18S0-81.
The coolness and pluck -of the Police
during that critical period was awning.
Their confidence in themselves is curiously
evidenced by a report from the officer in
command at Wood. Mountain, recommend-
ing that at least 50 men should be station-
ed there, as there were about 5,000 Sioux
camped in the vicinity 1 On one occasion
an attempt by the Sioux warriors to rescue
by foree one of their number who bad
been arrested, was faced and stopped
by 28 troopers. Such exploits -were
frequent. In 1377 Inspector Walsh, with
Doctor Kittson, a guide, and 15 constables,
charged down at daybreak one morning on
a war camp of 200 Assiniboines, who after
illusing and firing at some Saulteaux
camped near by, had threatened to serve
the Police in the seine way if they 'carne.
Surrounding the war lodge erected in the
centre, of _ the, camp, be arrested and took
'away the head chief, Crow's Dance and 19
,of the =principal warriors. Then assemb-
ling the remainder of the chiefs in council,
he warned them of the results of setting
the law at defiance and ordered them to
let the Salteaux go in peace.
•
de-
MP; CANALS. -
The Struggles or the Manchester Canal Ca.
—An Enterprise Which Dwarfs All
Previous Ones.
The chairman of the Manchester ship
canal has written to Lord Rosebery,foreigu
secretary, asking him to make known to
British consuls and agents abroad that a
new port will shortly come into existence.
The canal has been opened to Weston Point
for two years ; it - is now complete to the
London & Northern railway crossing at
Acton. The raiiroadaget $500,000 alleged
damages ; they claimed $2,750,00)- The
award seems to Manchester a large sum to
be mulcted in for the privilege of making
ship navigation, for which the corporation
of Manchester has pup f2,5 0,00 by
addition to the $50,000,000
private capital.
The enterprise, says the New York Sun,
has had a .tough- struggle for existence
against the combined opposition of Liver-
pool and the railroads reaching that port.
But that struggle is now won, and the
struggle for traffic will shortly begin. Dur-
ing the last half year 708,169 tons of mer-
chandise have been carried over the opened
portion of the ship canal,as against 423,579
tons so carried during the corresponding
period of the year before. Recently a ves-
sel laden with 4,000 tons and drawing
twenty-one feet of water sailed from the
canal for Calcutta.
Amsterdam has had an experience not
wholly dissimilar from that of elanchester.
At last, after twenty years of straggle
against the jealousy of neighboring cities,
she has established better communication
by the Merwede canal with the Rhenish
provinces of Germany. Even now she has
had to put up with a less satisfactory route
than that contended for ; the canal has only
a minimum width on the bottom of 651- feet
and a minimum depth of 10i feet. Transit
formerlythat
h -
teen hoursia now done nin seven. The canal
is free of tolls. Place or the Plague.
The opening of the Corinth canal was .-
ted not long -since. This is not strictly a Shocking as are the statistics of mortality
among pilgrims to i1Vlecca reported in The
Sun from Tunis a few days ago, where of
9,000 who set out but half the number re-
turned, the death rate of this year, is but
little greater than that of ordinary years.
The health officers of Bombay and other
Indian cities have for some time been col-
lecting facts and statistics to show that In-
dia does not deserve the ill reputation it has
of being " the endemic home of cholera,"
but that Arabia is the home of the plague,
and they are preparing to make strenuous
efforts to arouse the Arabian authorities
and convince thein of the fact, and to have
them apply a remedy. Some of the statis-
tics printed in the Bombay Gazette reveal•
a terrible state of affairs.
According to the official roturns of the
Health officer of Bombay, of 91,000 pilgrims
who left that city for Mecca during the past
eight years only 60,000 have come back.
Thirty pilgrims in every hundred have per-
ished in every year of that period, and very
many of those who survived to return home
have come back only to die of disease con-
tracted on the pilgrimage. The facts ad-
duced go to prove that the pilgrims do not
carry disease with them from India. There
is a rigid inspection at Bombay before em-
barkation, and every pilgrim is required to
pass a medical examination, to undergo a
certain quarantining process, and to possess
a certificate of good health. The mortality
on the voyage from Bomi:ay to Arabia is
very small. It is after the pilgrims have
entered the holy cities, and during the re-
turn, that the mortality is great.
A record is kept by the British Consul at
Jeddah of the number of pilgrims arriving
at and departing from that port, with such
particulars as will insure general identifica-
tion. The figures of this record fully corro•
berate those of the Bombay officials. An
average mortality of one-third among the
Indian pilgrims in each year, when there is
no general epidemic of cholera, is clearly
established, and the belief is expressed,
founded on such corroborative statistics as
are obtainable, that fully one-third of all
pilgrims to Mecca perish in every year.
The Indian officials assert that the cholera
plagues which periodically sweep around the
world " have their origin in the filth of
Mecca and Medina." There is a great
scarcity of water in these places, and the
quality of the little obtainable is bad. The
famous Holy Well at Mecca offers the most
complete conditions for spreading disease.
It ordinarily contains but little water. One
of the most essential devotions in the pil-
grimage is to bathe in and drink of the
water from this well, and its brink is always
crowded with pilgrims, some drawing its
water and pouring it over their persons,
others dipping it up iu cups and gourds and
drinking it. The water used for bathing
runs directly back into the well, and thus
diseases are directly spread.
The authorities did for a time. this year
clme up the well. Drainage in the city
there is little cr none, and the mostordi-
nary sanitary precautions are utterly disre-
garded by the choked crowds of pilgrims.
Not alone cholera is thus bred and spread,
but the holy cities are hotbeds of small -pox
and other like terrible diseases. The same
conditions are true of El Tor, Jeddah and
Camaran, and the Indian health officials
will, for the protection of its people as welt
as for the sake of the cauntry's reputation,
make strong endeavors to ind ace the au-
thorities of the holy places of pilgrimage to
take an intere t in drainage and general
sanitation ; to have more scavengers even
if they have to have fewer priests. They
think that the Western nations might prof-
itably take an interest in the condition
of things in Arabia, and the result of their
investigations will be offered in the hope
that steps will be taken to crush out the
cholera plague in what they assume to
prove is its real endemic heme.
BADGE OF THE NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE
tinction in Australia, recently retired from
the Imperial Army as a Major-General. The
rest, making the strength only three hun-
dred in all, went from Toronto. to Fargo by
rail, in June, 1874, and had a foretaste of
their work in a march of 160 miles to
Dufferin, on the southern frontier of Mani-
toba. Weeding out the weaklings, and
leaving a few good men to forma depot and
send a detachment to Fort Ellice on the
Assiniboine, the Mounted Police began
their record and scored from the outset.
With two fieldguns and two mortars, and
relying on their own transport ;.rain for
supplies, they marched 800 miles westward
through an unknown country. inhabited by
30,000 Indians and a few score white des-
- peradoes, till the Rocky Mountains were in
sight. Leaving Colonel Macleod, the As-
sistant Commissioner, to build a fort in
the very heart of 'the country of the ter-
rible Blackfeet, where no white man's
life was then safe, and sending another
detachment north to Edmonton among the
Asisiniboines and Wood Crees, the main
column turned back.' They crossed the
• plains northward by way of. Qu'Appelle to
Fort Pelly, but finding their intended head-
quarters were not ready they returned
to Dtiat 1O Thein the shade when they
stood had
at 100 c F. '
marched out, marked 30 ° F. belowzero on
their return. In four months, to a ` day,
,.-they travelled 1,959 miles, besides the
distance covered by detachments on special
service. Once beyond the rich - prairies of
• Manitoba, hard work in the gravel drifts of
the Missouri Coteau and among the broken
gullies of Wood Mountain and the Cypress
$ills
wa toldheavily on their animals. Many
good horses lived -through want of ,water
and food in the arid plains where cactus
and sage.bruahare the only, vegetation
round the alkaline lakes, to die from the
effects of unaccustomed forage, or from the
bitter cold that came . on early in the au-
tumn, though officers and men gave up
their blankets to shelter their chargers.
Bat the three hundred police accomplished,
without losing a life, what had seemed' work
for an arrny—the taking possession of the
Great Lone Land.
One object of the expedition was to drive
out the gangs of whiskey traders, outlaws
of the worst kind from the Western States,
who kept the Indians in a chronic state
of deviltry, and only the year before had
committed a number of murders and out-
rages on their own account. The forts in
which they were reported to be entrenched,
at the junction of the Bow and Belly
Rivers, proved to be merely trading posts,
built off togs, and the inmates had taken
themselves off without giving the police
a chance to lire a shot. Another object
was to establish friendly relations with
the Indians. :This was soon accomplished,
and their _ confidence in the police has
las olfi_eat`day to this eir us-
-picto�tluickly -ware away,
came_eonfkieeke in_ their- expressions of
gratitude tillthe Government =for. sending:
them.sucli protecfezn. As eine . chief told
Colonel_ Macleod, Before you a the
nd'i ui creg %ins, no her'is h a£o
ere " The weetttett41.eral
f awn Viist ha, : thiese vould he
hite - man- and Indian- alikee
OFFICER OF THE MOUNTED
DRESS.
preparatory fiourizh with ter whips and
the punishment began. The bench, how-
ever, proved teat small, and it was difficult
to steady the writhing tortured creature. So
the Governor-General ordered another bench
to be fetched ani a plank to be fixed on
either side. One of the soldiers gave the
military salute, and with the words, ' I
obeyyourexcellency,' hurriedly and humbly
fulfilled the great man's instructions.
"In the meantime the half -stripped,
poor, mutilated creature .remained with
scowling brows, eyes cast down, his lower
jaw quivering, and his bare legs trembling.
When the second bench had been brought
he was once more bound down, and the
convicts resumed their work. Each mo-
ment the scars became more hideous and
more ghastly ; the beck, sides, and legs of
the tortured creature were streaming with
blood, and after each blow the sufferer
gave forth a dull groan, which he tried in .
vain to repress. Anr2 from the crowd that
stood around could be heard the sobbings
of wives, mothers, children, and relatives
of the dear, tortured one, and the frighten-
ed half -cries of those who were
era
erwat
awaiting
their turn. The unhappy
eral, who in the drunkenness of his author-
ity imagined that be was obeying the
righteous call of duty, all this` while was
counting on his fingers the number of blows
as he placidly smoked his cigarettes, to
light which an obsequious Adjutant was
always ready with a quickly -offered match.
When more than fifty blows had been given
the peasant ceased to groan or stir, and the
learned doctor informed the representative
of imperial authority that the victim was
unconscious and that further punishment
would be dangerous to his life. But the
torturing process went on till the seventieth
blow had been struck, and then, taking his
cigarette from his mouth, the Governor-
General quietly said, `Enough 1 bring for-
ward the next.
POLICE IN FULL
CHOLERA'S ENDE 11C HOME.
Not India But Arabia is the Real Breeding
work, too, in quelling strikes, ch at
times threatened to become serious disturb-
ances, Mr. Van Horne, the President of
the Compauy, has borne the most telling
testimony to their services in these words
written to the Commissioner : " Without
the assistance of the officers and men of the
splendid force under your command it
would have been impossible to accomplish
as much work as we did. On . no great
work within my knowledge, where so many
men have been employed, has such perfect
order prevailed."
Till then the Police had Mainly their own
safety to consider. W ith the rapid influx
of settlers came' responsibility for lives and
property scattered over an area of 375,000
square miles. Trading posts developed into
towns, new centres of population sprang up
like magic, the cattle -ranchers occupied the
region at the base of the mountains, and
the whole face of the country was changed.
whiteis
of the
t men
theSimultaneously
with hcoming
buffalo became extinct,
ani the Indians, reduced at once to pov-
erty, and no longer masters of the plains,
felt their position - bitterly. Among the
thousands of immigrants there was natur-
ally a large proportion of the roughest
class, and the thought that a settler's taunt
or hasty action might precipitate an Indian
outbreak added largely to the cares of the
Police. On the other hand, the Indians,
accustomed all their lives to look upon
other men's horses and cattle as lawful
plunder, found in horse -stealing and cattle -
killing substitutes for the excitement of
the war -party and the chase, and serious
encounters were frequent. Another in-
stance out of many, which I wish there were
space to give, will further show the cool-
ness and determination with which the
Police always act. It happened in 1882,
but is typical of any time in their history.
A sub -chief of the Blackfeet, named Ball
Elk, -stole some beef from a white man and
fired at him. Inspector Dickens—a son
of the novelist by the way—ordered his
arrest. Sergeant Howe and two constables
went with the Inspector to the reserve and
took their prisoner through a mob. Though
they were knocked down and the Indians
began firing, they stuck to their man,
while the Inspector kept the Indians back
ith his revolver until the rest of the men
quartered there—only ten of a reinforce-
ment—came to their rescuei The prisoner
was to be -sent to 1'Iacleod i>r trial, but 700
Blackfeet warr iors, armed With Winchesters,
surrounded the post, taunted the sentries,
and tried to excite the Police to fire on
them, which, of course, would have ended
everything with the little detachment. On
Crowfoot's intercession and promise to go
bail, the prisoner: was allowed to go for a
time. This happened on January 2d, it
was reported at Macleod, 100 miles away,
by Sergeant Howe, on the 4th, and by the
evening of the Gth Major Crozier, with
every available man, was at the Blackfeet
Reserve, having ordered the field -guns to
be ready if wanted, The post was hurried-
ly fortified by eleven the next morning, and
the pri Boner was sent for. Crowfoot asked
if they meant to fight. The reply was,
" Certainly not, unless you commence.
Crowfoot was then in turn asked whether
he meant to do his duty as a chief, assist
the Police in their duty, and make aspeech
to his people saying the Superintendent had
done right. The Indians were evidently
greatly impressed, and after a vigorous
harangue from Crowfoot endorsing the
action -taken. Bell Elk was sentenced and
no
selfhelp-cabal, haying been -constructed by
a private company which got most of its
capital in France. This canal does not crass
the isthmus at the narrowest spot or even
the lowest: The question of surface drain-
age was mainly considered in choosing the
line. It transpired that almost the identi-
cal course chosen byNero's Roman engineers
had been followed, for at a dis',anee one
from another of 151 feet two parallel lines
of shafts were found, forming part of an
excavation 229 feet wide between them. A
similar system to Nero's was followed on
the modern work.
French political enterprise in Siam has
been quickly followed by engineering proj-
ects. The canal which the English declined
undertaking is now likely to be built across
the Malay peninsula. The selected point is
in the Samsam provinces, where the canal
could be connected with the inland sea,
which could easily be rendered navigable.
The French wish, it is said, to secure thirty
miles of territory on either side of the water
way. This scheme, if carried out, would
allow ships to take a short cut to Saigon
without passing through the straits of Mal-
acca andwould be important from a politi-
cal as well as from a commercial point of
view.
All of these projects, except that of Man-
chester, are dwarfed by the new seaway be-
tween the North sea and the Baltic now
under construction by Germany. The total
length of this noble work is about sixty-one
197English miles,the idth at
feet, and atthe vthe line
bottom, at the toe of the
slopes, seventy-two feet ; the total depth is
nearly twenty-eight feet. It is shown that
not only will two of the largest Baltic mer-
chant vessels pass one another without diffi-
culty, but also that there is room for a
vessel of this type to give way to one of the
finest ironclads of the German navy, such
as the Koenig W ilhelm, with a displacement
of 9,757 tons. Special passing stations have,
however, also been arranged at intervals,
similar4o those on the Suez canal. The cost
of the pork was originally estimated at
$39,000,003. it promises to be completed
within the estimate.
THE HORRIBLE ,DESPOTISM OE
RUSSIA.
On one occasion a settler struck an In-
dian, whose comrades, some 500 in all, not
understanding hew such an insult could
be atoned for by a fine, promptly proceeded
to destroy the settler's property. Getting
worked up into wild excitement they
soon began firing indiscriminately, and
threatening to take the lives - of all white
men. Colonel Irvine and his Adjutant,
Captain Cotton, happened to be near by.
Though unarmed they rode straight into
the infuriated band. Rifles were levelled
at them from all sides,. but their coolness
-told, and the Indians sullenly obeyed the
order to disperse. Incidents like this, how -
r; could be told of every officer lwho has
e
ran
enc
served in the Mounted Police, nor ave
ank and file beee`behind as then their officers
as itis i aratiagmarchethe tribes, off toson. Tne settling them on reserves
daring and
every -day matter of duty for a I atasteful
ndbteachingeio to farm,
ras settheeborn oversbut by
•
Count Tolstoi's Realistic Picture of the
Little Father's Discipline.
The St. Petersburg correspondent of the
London Chronicle has been favored with an
opportunity of reading in manuscript Kingdom
int
Tolstoi s forthcoming work,
of God Within Us." It is a passionate de-
fense of his favorite doctrine, " resist not
evil," and is written in even plainer and
more outspoken style than any of nis prev-
ious works, and advocating as it does a
completellsi, change
iletee h otic rdis disorder of
,or as he
calls it, P
things," it is likely to give plenty of offense
in official quarters. It is not probable that
its publication in Russia will be allowed—at
llyears"
t
least till Stchedrin's typical y y
have passed ; but arrangements are already
being made for an English translation. In
the twelfth and final chapter the he Count
dateoa
that on Sept. 29 of last year—
which he had written the last linf the
s of his
new work—he was traveling in one ootthe
famine districts, when he happenedstation
no-
tice the arrival at an in IIQmee General ann
of an express train carry
in
small battalion of troops on their way to
Toula to punish some refractory peasants
who had dared to resist a flagrantbut
n
of their rights on the part of a young
influential landed proprietor. He says:
u<eei nut f pnnishmerit
¢_._.svh they ilpeiv to
novv, ou
single constable to enter an Indian camp
and make an arrest. Momentary indecis-
ion, or the display of temper would have
often meant not only failure but certain
death.
In 1880 Colonel Irvine, who had been
Assistant Commissioner for some years,
succeeded Colonel Macleod in the .command,
the latter -becoming Stipendiary Magistrate,
and eventually being appointed a judge
when the Supreme Court of the Northwest
Territories was organized in 1836. - Their
names will always lee associated with the
rapid and successful development of the
country, and. a record of the distinguished
services which both began as Canadian
offievs in Lord Volseley's Red. River Ex-
ied"tionf-of 1870, world itself the history
e e - orhweat:
The modern era of that history :began
with.the building of the Canadian Pacific
,Away. The rapid prbgress of this was
in
great tact the Crees and Assiniboines were -
persuaded to move north from e etheaCydpress
Sisk to the Q guarded. bythe Police from
the
Saskatchewan, g
the attacks of their old enemies the Bloods,
whose war -parties were on the alert to seize
such a chance. They did not all go quietly,
however, for Big Bear, so notorious after-
ward in the rebellion of -1885, and another
worthy named Pie -a Pot,gave much trouble.
The former led 150 braves to sack Fort
Walsh, but the sight of 103 red -coats,
and two mountain guns on its wooden
bastions,- changed his mind and kept
him civil for a time, though soon afterward
Colonel Irvine, with one officer and 22 men,
had to take their lives in their hands by
riding into his eamp of 500lodges to enforce
the surrender of some horses stolen from
Montana Territory.
(To -BE CONTINvVBD. )
"The troops were drawn no before the
door of the district court of justice ; a body
of policemen with new red melts, foin which
hung loaded revolvers, stood marshaled in
order around the small band of guilty pea-
sants awaiting the jest punishment of their
crime. At a little distance off was arrang-
ed
a crowd ofsilent
n t spectators,
nd children. Ome
n
thousand men+ women,
om
arriving at the district court the Governor-
General alighted from his ca ceche and
after
delivered a short and touching speech,
which heoar d bundle of rods a bench to be brought.
Awas
A previoouslyy prepared
pre p
produced and the executioners were called
to the front. The first of the
victims
about 40 sy was
as
the father of a family, aman
of age, whose probity had been proverbial,
and who enjoyed the trust and esteem of
his fellow -villagers- He knew that all
prayers were vain ; he therefore silently
crossed himself and lay down. A
for stood close by in readiness
learned docto render medical
_
viers first spatin their hands and then gave a world.
vi
There are about 1,700,000 Christians in
India out of a population of about 260 mil-
lions; the great majority of Christians in
the country are Roman Catholics.
The Princess of Bulgaria has won the
hearts of her people by her simplicity.
She attends the weekly market at Sofia,on
foot, going from stall to stall to make her
purchases, escorted only by a respectful
famous
crowd of peasants.
Mane.
sopranohas twos of her Nilsson,the
in Madrid
,
decorated in a rather novel fashion. The
bd-chamber is papered with leaves of music
from the operas in which she has sung, and
the dining -room with the hotel bills she
has collected in her tours through the