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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Gazette, 1893-10-05, Page 2PRACTICAL FARMING WAGON=JAO KS. Easily Mall and Very Convenient. The illustrationsrepresient, two forms of wagon jacks, convenient for greasing vehi- cles, changing wheels, etc. The one to the right,E, is desirable forbuggies, 'carts, which are light and easily lifted. The notches are to adapt it to vehicles of differ- ent heights. The jack on the left of the Illustration is designed for heavy wagons GOOD WAGON JAMS. and trucks. It is made of three timbers and a piece of heavy wire. To the 2x4 scantling, C, mprtise the upright, A, also 2x4. Bore holes as shown in the cut through which an iron bin is passed to support the lever B. Through the lowest hole pass a strong wire and fasten the ends together. This if of proper length can be adjusted in the notches on B, thus retaining the axle at any desired elevation. . When to be used, place the apparatus so thatthe broad end of B is under the axle with the opposite end elevated. Press down on the outer end of the lever until the axle is as high as wanted, then retain it by adjusting the wire in the proper notch. By this means a heavy wagon is easily " greased. The jack being made of oak or some other hard wood is strong enough to lift several tons. A Good Cattle Tie. The cattle tie of which we give an engrav- ing represents a tie used by a correspon- dent who recommends it very highly as a humane and convenient fastening. The cows are stabled two in a stall, with a shallow trench in the. rear. The rod fastened to side of the stall, and on which the tte chain slides, is made of five-eightbs inch iron, and is about 18 inches long. The bolts holding the rod, shown in the cut, pass through the partition and hold another rod on the op- posite side. The chains can be obtained at any hardware store. • not only nitrogen, but some mieeral ele- ments, especially potash, leaching out through under -drains in extremely wet weather. The English climate is so ex- tremely wet that under -drains in that country ought to be much deeper than is necessary here. Drains on land that is to be kept always under the plow ought to be 3i to 4 feet deep. In going down this great depth the surplus water must lose some of its fertilizing properties to the soil. While grass is THUS A CONSERVATOR OF FERTILITY it does not offer --the best conditions for creating it. After two, three or four years, therefore our climate, the sod, unless arti- ficially mannred, grows thin and poor. Clover is limited to two years, as it is a bi- ennial. Frequent seeding with Clover, then, and frequent alternation with hoed crops, are the rules for best promoting fertility. This is also in accordance with the practice of the best farmers. It is unfortunate for the farmer who has land that he can never plow, for he can never get the best use either of his grass land or that put in culti- vated crops, unless he is able to alternate. It is also unfortunate for the farmer who has so little land that he cannot spare any of it.te seed with Clover and grass. The recuperative power of Clover in restoring fertility, and especially of the roots in open- ing the subsoil, are points that the market gardeners who spend hundreds of dollars in buying stable manure do not enough appre- ciate. Less manure on a Clover sod two years old will serve their purpose better, and in most cases will cost less money. The Home Dairy. From questions received on home dairy- ing, I am led to believe that many people seem to think that to be successfull in dairy- ing --making butter that will sell for paying prices the year round—one must have all the modern appliances. The fact is, a great deal more depends upon the person in charge'of the dairy than uponithe appliances used. Not long ago the writer visited a friend - who has a reputation for making fine but- ter, and the price received for their butter substantiates my position. This man has all his butter contracted at 25 cents per pound the year through, in our county seat, where thousands of pounds of butter are sold annually at from 10 to 15 cents per pound. After looking at his cows (and nice ones they were), we veme eo the house and he showed me his oum. It was sim• ply the friendly shade of a plum tree, and not a large one, with no spring, well or water near. Their milk was strained into cans, perhaps -eighteen inches deep, each can holding nearly six gallons of milk. These cans were set in a tight box with a lid, and ice packed around the cans. This was all there wits in their system, the whole outfit costing less -than three dollars. I call this dairying under disadvantages, but it shows what can be done under what may seem great disadvantages, and that a great deal- more depends upon the person -than upon equipment. While this man—or rather his wife, for she was the butter-maker—was making butter that found ready sale at 25 cents the year round, with what we might call primitive tools, hundreds of farmers in this county, with all advantages, good dairy houses, cold, sparkling spring water, or cold well v ,ter _raised in abundance by a windmill, with expensive creameries, pat- ent churns, and all the modern" appliances, are making store butter that naone particu- larlywants, and must be traded at the n.___,, I store. The first lesson that one must learn in the home diary is cleanliness. This must he the rule and the rule must be enforced from beginning to end. A careless, sloven- ly person will never be successful in the dairy. This rule must be enforced in the stable. The stable must . be kept clean in order to have clean cows. It is next to im- possible to milk a cow whose udder and flanks are coated with an inch of manure, without some of it getting into the milk, in spite of all precautions, and when once in the milk it is there to stay. This filth swarms with bacteria that develops rapidly and when they once find lodgement there they are sure to ruin what might have been fine butter. Knowing the condition of a large marjority of cow stables in which cows are kept and milked, stables reeking with foul odors, the air filled with bacteria, it is no mystery to us why so much butter sells_at so low a price. - Our first recollections of dairying were of a neighbor's dairy of from eight to ten cows. On my way to and from school I frequently passed through his barnyard and was often in the stables. The stables were without" manure gutters. the cows. were tied around the neck with chains The stables were cleaned oust on Saturday of each week. The cows were kept in the stable at night and during stormy weather, and by mid -winter resembled walking ma- nure heaps, great chunks of inanure cling- ing to sides, flanks and udders. While I thought nothing of it then, niy stcmach now would -need agreat deal of tonic before it would be strong enough to stand the milk or butter from such a herd of cows. Strange it seems to me, after all that has ebeen said and written on this subject of cleanliness in all dairy work, many, very many, men persist in keeping their cows in the same way yet, and if a man succeeds in making good butter and selling it at a fancy price they simply ray it is "luck," that their butter is, just as good, only they have no "luck." Strange what au impor- tant part luck plays in the -lives of some people and more particularly when it comes to caring for cows and snaking butter. I want to be understood as advising no one to try home dairying who. intends to trust to luck. It is hard to do anything with a person who is eternally rooted and ground- ed and grown up in the "luck " theory. A man who believes that a cow will lose her end and hustles toher relief with an old piece of dish -rag to chew till she can find. her own cud, or will bore a hole in her horn to see if it is hollow, split her tail to drive the wolf from his abode, believes cows must have exercise, exercises them by sending the boy and dog after them taking them from pasture, be- lieves elieves that to be hardy they must be expos ed to all kinds of weather,turns them in an open lot or to the straw -stack during the winter to give them a strong constitution, who is too aristocratic to pet, fondle or mix freely in .theirsociety, who instead of hav- ing a good ood wordand 'an ever ready pat for ee- A CATTLE TIL. Grans and Fertility• It has always been understood by farmers that grass promotes fertility. Does it do this by making more plant food or by eeu- serving it after it is in the soil ? We may say yes to both questions. Clover makes fertility much faster than any of the grasses. A large part of the benefit from grass over the surface soil comes, however, from the power it has of conserving fertility. The old proverb, " The more grass the more stock, the more stock the more manure," does not wholly explain the - advantage ot keeping land in grass at least part of the time. Many other forage crops will give more bulk of food than either grass or clover. Corn will do so, either as grain with stalks, or grownfor fodder only. So with plenty of corn a farmer may feed more cattle than be can on pasture and bay. HE CAN MAKE MORE MANURE, and this is produced, as in the case of grass, largely from the air. But it does not follow that the farmer who has all his land in corn will increase its fertility fast- est. He may make more manure, but the losses from soil lett naked seven or eight months in the year waste a good deal sof what manure is applied.. From these losses, a grass or Clover sod is almost entire pro- tection. It does not wash away. Rather if floods overflow it, the leaves of grass and Clover hold the sediment it contains and thus add to the -soil's fertility. Neither does grass land lose its surface soil, always the richest, by being blown away as soil exposed to blowing winds must always do if naked. Rather the grass catches much of such wind -drifted soil,and thus increases its fertility. How much soil is thus car- ried from an open field is seen in the black- ness of a Winter snowbank after . a few days' wind on the lee side of a plowed field. THE LOSSES FROM LEACHING through the soil, especially in very wet -climates, are, however, greater than often supposed. Grass is inthis countryaneffectual guard against such losses, as. was clearly shown by very carefully concluded experi- mpnta made at the New York State Experi- ment Station xperi-mentStation severalyearsago. Stripsofsoil were heavily sr.annred over .under -drains, andthe out -flow was carefully _ analyzed. Thosefromnaked strips showedthe presence of fertility, especially of nitrogen, says Cultivator. -Those from drains under sod were almost entirely pure. In fact, except in the very wettest times, the drains under theasod did not tow. The. ,grass and Clover coats held the _wester -from" expect to make dairying a success. One may abase andmartreat a friend and not lose financially, but abase or maltreat a cow and she quietly closes the door of her laboratory, suspends business, if it ruins her owner, until such time as he will treat her with, consideration and kindness.—{M. E. Bing, in Ohio Farmer. Artificial Conditions. In the changed conditions that are meet- ing the dairymen at every turn, it is be- coming a great problem what to do when a new "emergency" arises. Better cows did not solve the problem, but helped; better and more food suitable for milk production was asked, and the silo came to help; an equalized production was wanted, and Win- ter dairying followed; a remedy for short- ened Summer pastures was next in order, and grain and crop feeding was the remedy until someone suggested that silage for mid - Summer was cheaper and better than grain or soiled crops ; and when these things were settled, then came the horn fly to pester the lives of the cows and shrink them of their milk to an unprofitable extent. Rem- edies are abundant, but the satisfactory re- sults from their use are few, and now day stabling of cows, with soreened windows and doors, and two bushels of good silage, a dish - of meal and night pasturage are shown to be the effectual remedies for this last and everyway more to be dreaded nuisance than any of the winged pests that have preceded "him." So as the years go by the conditions that confront the success- ful dairyman are changing, and new meth- ods must meet new conditions and pests, until to -day one may say in all propriety, that dairying, from first to last, is an arti- ficial industry, that is kept in successful operation by the inventive mind of progress- ive men. Sheep. Within a few years many farmers who have grown discouraged with cattle, be- cause of the prevailing low prices, have turned their attention to sheep, and found profit in them. The wide and destructive prevalence of parasitism in the, United States of late years makes more necessary than ever the constant use of salt for sheep, especially lambs.— The ambs.—The flockmaster needs to watch his sheep especially the lambs, that he may detect the first symptoms of grub in the head. Those that are affected he may treat as follows:. Have a common bulb syringe with a special long nozzle, at least _six inches in length. Have a mixture of equal parts turpentine and linseed oil, shaken up before each operation. Let the lamb stand natur- ally between the operator's legs, with an assistant to hold it perfectly still. Let the head be in its natural position. Practice with the syringe so as to learn to give about the right dose—a teaspoonful—be- fore trying it on sheep. Insert the nozzle, very carefully, six inches up the nostril for a gtown sheep and four or five for a lamb. Agricultural Notes. If your land has been exhausted by too close cropping, the thing to do is to build it up with clover. This will make a foundation, from which you can work up to almost any condition of fertility desired, if yon will keep that purpose persistently in mind. Potash is soluble, and manures that are exposed to rains lose this element very quickly. It is not of much use to bed with absorbents, to save the liquids, and then throw the who'e out under the barn eaves to be washed away through the winter. Nitrate of soda is a quick -acting fertilizer, and as its price has been cheapened consid- erably of late years, farmers would do well to study its merits, if they have use for commercial fertilizers at all. It is especially valuable for giving things an early start in the spring. It is not a wise plan to leave the grain in the stack any longer than is absolutely necessary. It is subject to many dangers there, which are very nearly done away with when the grain is threshed and put in the barn. No matter how well the stack is built it may be upset by a storm, and then wet and warm weather will quickly injure the grain. Small farms and high priced land cannot compete with the wide West in the production of the cereals, but the Jer- sey cow, the mutton sheep and_good fowls are factors which can make them pay as good profit as any land or system of farm- ing in the whole country. The question of profit is merely that of adapting your sys- tem to your land and your location. A good crop of wheat can only be grown upon a fineseed bed. The way to secure this is to plow early, harrow and roll at once to keep clods from forming, and then continue these operations for the purpose of further fining and firming the bed. There is no danger at all of putting on too much of this sort of work, and the more you do it the better will your crop pay for the labor expended. Many of our commonest crops 9,re great feeders upon potash, removing large quanti- ties of it from the soil every year. Corn fodder, pasture grasses and hay come especiallywithin this class. The potash must be restored, if we would keep up the land. It may be done by applying com- mercial fertilizers, such as potash salts. But this is expensive. A better way is to save the liquid excrement from the stables. THE PRRIOE OF A LIFE.. Dank Davis an Arkansas farmer, was re- cently killed by George Aiken, a neighbor, in a fight over a peck of potatoes. Lee Dooli, a San Francisco Chinaman, is soon to die for having killed William Shen- ton, a painter. They quarreled because Doon swept some rubbish into a room where Shenton was at work. - Mr. Marion Carter, near Union City, Tenn., while staying with a friend was wandering around the house at night when the friend took him for- a burglar and fired. Carter was shot dead. - In Louisville, Ky., a woman of bad repu- tation committed suicide. Jesse Kleine, another girl of unfortunate past, went to look at -the body, and : was so moved with remorse that she promptly took a fatal dose of poison. _ Up near Port Jervis James Clunan went on a $30 spree...Deliriutn :tremens ensued and he thouglta bigsnake had wound about -reaching them. the- moste.-_r clim._.at te .his _cow' �- wilt fan them, with a_club,-or shy -a his neck. In'trying to'kill the snake e with dEngland and withwarmeh -Winters briekbat.or tone at them when they want aknife a -need kis own throat severely. He there was sough greater loss of fertility, to -make friends, need never—not never may recover. A FE ORM FALL, The Awful Death' kf. a: T®roato Lawyer: - Tumbled Ninety Feet to the Favement— Spectators horrified at the Distressing Sight. One of the most shocking and lamentable accidents that ever occurred in Toronto happened Friday morning last, about twenty minutes after 10 o'clock. At that time the numerous business people in the vicinity of the Freehold Loan Building, at the corner of Adelaide and Victoria;streets,were horri- fied to see the body of a man come flying downward through the air. It dashed head downwards on the stone pavement and. bounded upward several feet, as if it had been a ball. Then it lay prostrate and life- less on the pavement, with blood and brains scattered around for several yards. The spectators gathered around, sick with the horror of the terrible sight. A little inves- tigation showed that the man who had come to such a fearful end was MR. JOS. H. FERGUSON, Q.C., who had an office on the fifth floor of the Freehold Loan and who became blind two or three years ago from the effects of a severe illness. Mr. Ferguson had fallen from the window of his office, but exactly how such a frightful misfortune happened is not and never can be known. He was alone in his private room at the time, hav- ing but a few minutes previously, parted from his managing clerk, who had, as has been his wont since Mr. Ferguson be- came afflicted with blindness, called for him at the Arlington, where deceased lived with Mrs. Ferguson, and accompanied him to his office. On reaching the building they entered the elevator together. One of Mr. Ferguson's fellow -passengers in the lift and one of the last of his many friends to exchange a word with him was Mr. G.U.S. Lindsey, the well-known barrister, who occupies an office on the same flat as Mr. Ferguson's was situated. Mr. Ferguson was left at the door of his private office in the customary manner. A minute or i,wo later his young lady stenographer entered and asked if he wished her to do any work for him just then. He was then siting at his table, having already removed his hat and coat. He bade her good morning cheerfully enough and said he lead no need just then of her services. This young lady was the last per- son to see Mr. Ferguson before he was seen by the horror-stricken spectators hurling downwards to his fearful death. FACTS ABOUT THE OFFICB.- There are two windows in the office fronting on Adelaide street. Both were probably three feet from the floor, and the sashes had been raised two feet or so. The stone site are broad and quite sufficient, ordinarily, to prevent an accident. It is difficult to see how the catastrophe could have occurred, unless deceased, for some reason, had been leaning far out of the window and h,st his balance. The most reasonable and the commonly accepted the- ory is that this is what leappened, and that Mr. Ferguson was leaning out of the window to adjust the awning which overhangs it. The morning sun was shining brightly into the room, and while deceased was blind to all intents and purposes, he could tell light from darkness,.iend,, moreover, was always hoping that his sYglit would be in a measure restored to him, and was therefore the more careful to shield his eyes from anything like a glare. It must be remembered, too, that Mr. Ferguson had never seen the room which he used as an office, having moved into it since his blindness, and, moreover,' that he had not that keen intuitive sense of danger which often shields from harm those who are blind from birth. Death, of course, was instantaneous. The skull was fractured in several places, the neck broken and the body generally sus- tained the most shocking injuries. P. C. Snyder took charge of the body and had it conveyed at once into a vacant office in the Freehold Loan building. Coroner Aikins soon arrived on the scene; but meanwhile the news of the terrible accident had spread quickly through the main streets and many hundreds of people came rushing to see and hear just what had happened. Coroner Akins counselled with the County Crown Attorney, and later in the day it was de. cided, after due inquiry into the circum- stances, thatan inquest was not necessary. The deceased gentleman was born in Lon- don, Canada, 47 years ago, was a son of the late James Ferguson, Registrar of London, and a cousin of Mr. Justice Ferguson and Hon. Senator Ferguson of Niagara Falls. His mother is still living and resides with 'Mr. Justice -Ferguson, her nephew. Deceas- ed studied law in London and began prac- tice there about 25 years ago. He then removed to Toronto and became connected with the firm of Blaine,Ferguson & Parkin- son, in which he subsequently became a partner. The firm name afterwards became Ferguson & Ferguson, the second Ferguson being his brother, a son-in-law of Mr. Justice Burton, recently deceased. The firm chang- ed again to Ferguson, Bain & Ferguson,and once more to Ferguson and O'Brien, under which style it remained for a number of years, and until very recently, when/Mr. Ferguson withdrew, and took himself the offices in the Freehold Loan building, from which yesterday's trtedy occurred. De- ceased was reputed to be an exceedingly wealthy pian, and was i, very= popular and highly respected member of the bar, a Queen's Counsel, and formerly a bencher of the Law Society. The news of his death and the manner thereof was quickly circu- lated through Osgoo-le Hall, and the deep. est regret and sympathy was expressed by professional men generally for his sudden and awful end. Deceased was married in 1886 to. Miss Lizzie McLean, of Toronto, daughter of Mr. Thos. McLean, and grandaughter of the late Chief Justice McLean. Thebereav- ed wife and mother were terribly shocked when the news came to them. The former lady heard the news when out walking on McCaul St. She had been most assiduous in her attentions to her husband since his affliction, and they were seldom apart. Mr Ferguson's blindness was the result of a very serious attack of grip three years ago, which was renewed in an aggravated form a year or so ago, when deceased was on the continent, hoping - to recover his health The second attack caused total Loss of sight Lately Mr. Ferguson had complained fre quently of pains in the head, but was -other- wise in fain.ygood health _earl -Was always _successful in maintaining a bright and cheerful hbearing,' Dreadful Tragedy in France. A Paris correspondent telegraphs :---- News reaches us of a terrible tragedy at the Central Octroi office at Dreux. A. M. Robert filled the office of receiver -general them He was for some time suspected of embez- zlemenl. ha accountant was sent to lock into - his books. To destroy the evidence they furnished Robert tried on Monday last to set fire to the central office. A report was, nevertheless, drawn up against him. Feel- ing he was lost he forsook his post, intend- ing to commit suicide, at least so he said in a letter that he left behind hint. He gave as his reason a wish to save the honour and property of his family, but yielding to another impulse, he came back to Dreux and wandered all Saturday night near his house. At five on Monday morning he re- entered it, went to his wife's room, in which she and her two children were sleeping, kissed them fondly, and then, armed with s. revolver, fired at Madame Robert. She jumped out of bed and ran to the win- dow to cry for help. Robert firing at her again lodged a ball in her head. Then thinking her dead, he fired at one of the children, a girl aged five. She fell wound- ed only. He next aimed at the boy, aged seven, but . he fled, and was not shot. Robert then went downstairs to the cellar, where he locked liiinself in and blew his brains out. The two bullets aimed at Madame Robert are both in her head. The Uses of Hairpins. For corkscrews, paper -cutters and glove or shoe buttoners they are invaluable, They will pin hats and veils as well as hair, and are invaluable to mend wrecked garments temporarily. With a hairpin straightened out and one end bent into a hook, you can pick a trunk - lock or fish a wedding -ring out of the waste pipe of a washbowl. There's nothing like 'em for untying shoe- strings. One end of a straightened hairpin jabbed into a candle and the other end into the window -sill makes a very fair candlestick in continental hotels, where they charge extra for " bougies." A hairpin is excellent for opening letters, digging dimes out of a street agar bottom, or jabbing offending cockroaAes. If women could only teach men the use of hairpins and men could teach women the necessity of pockets, the gray dawn of the millennium would begin to tinge the wait- ing east. Damage by Lightning. During the year 1891 205 lives were lost (that we know of) in the United States, east of the Rocky Mountains, directly through the action of lightning. How many were lost indirectly, and how many cases there were of shattered health and more or less permanent inj ury, we can only surmise. The financial loss due directly to lighting was certainly not below $1,500,000. To get at something like a commercial es- timate of the damage done by lightning in the past few years in this country, I have made use of the Chronicle Fire Tables for the six years 1885-1890, and find that some 2,223 fires, or 1.3 per cent, of the whole number were caused by lightning, and the total loss was $3,386,829, or 1.25 per cent. of the whole amount lost by fire. During 1892 we have a record of 292 lives lost. The damage may be estimated at as high a figure as in -1891. These losses are the more appalling when we recall that the year is virtually less than six months. Over 95 per cent. of the casualties due to lightning occur between the months of April and September. It is therefore quite pertinent at this time to discuss the ques- tion whether or not we are able , to protect ourselves from lightning. Some -five years ago the question would have been answered readily and with all sincerity, "Yes, a good electrical connection with the earth --a stout continous copper rod, for example— will suffice." To -day no such answer can pass unchallenged. --[The Popular Science Monthly. Two Strange Friends. Not long ago I was passing a barnyard in this place, and stood to look over the gate at a pretty half-grown iamb standing alone outside the barn. But the sight of me so enraged a fierce, shaggy grey dog tied up in his kennel between the lamb and me that he barked himself nearly into fits, showing all his teeth, and straining so furiously at his chain as to make me quite nervous lest it should give way. In the meantime I struck such terror into the heart of the lamb that it fled across the yard to place. itself under the protection of the dog, and stood close by his side, while he barked and danced with fury. As I drew a little near- er the lamb backed right into the kennel, and when, after I had made a circuit in order to watch the further movements of this strange pair of friends from behind a tree, I saw their two facet cautiously look- ing out together, cheek -by -jowl, while the dog's anger was being reduced to subsiding splutters of - resentment. He was not a collie, but a very large sort of poodle. -- [London Spectator. Lightning and Such. At the beginning of the year there were 1,168 submarine cables, only 288 of which are in private control. But the private cable mileage is 144,743 to only 16,652 miles of State controlled lines. The line of ,telegraph in Cashmere, be- tween Srinagar and Gilgit, reaches an atti- tude of .12,000 feet at the passage of Trag- bal. It is probably the highest telegraph line in the world. Certain physicians have been dicussing lightning, and‘ have discovered, or think - they have, that people struck by lightning can often be restored by artificial . respire, - tion, as in the case of the partially drown- ed. One direct value coming to the farmer from good roads is that it brings the farm nearer to market, :in point of time. 'And we all know that the value of land for farm- ing purposes depends largely upon this point. If the future value of your farm is a consideration, then lend your aid to the matter of road improvement. An old.woman who lives near Cheater - low's, Md., is said to be possesSed of great;_ natural healing powers, and has made re- markable cures ot the most obstinate Alia- bed disbed simply touching the patient' itlt_ her hand... '. BRIEF ARI Edison, the ins( watch in his life, The humming -b less than an inch 1 Tapioca., used from a deadly pais The first lightni ed by an obscure 1 According to th ports, suicide is c Britain. 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