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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe East Huron Gazette, 1892-11-03, Page 2- e ;,.,..t,s....- erse.e - .7_,.. t•-.4-' 1-, 41, ' THE PARK. - Capital vs. Brains in the Dairy. Ha.a...any industry, conducted with like capital. any better reward than thatreturn- ed. by the dairy? Whet man, with a few thousands of dollars invested, makes as comfortable a living and secures a more cer- tain iocome than the man with twenty-five or thirty cows eine. farm of 100 acres? The manufacturer must have tie large capital; met manage his bus need' on %scale that 'es with it division of labour, and the ecomuniesi of piece work and -a reserve fund to tide bun over a clall apell ; the dairy is tsniform in its labour requirements; there ilea daily demand foretsfinished products; t eere are as rnany avenues hy which produce may he cheapened as in any other business enterprise. The demand of the times has led to cheap- ened production of all kinds. Science has cheapened about all the in -messes of iron and steel manufacture, and thousands of other things. sn that the article complete is furnished to the consumer far below the former price. As the article is cheapened, the demand increases. The manufacturer, by coming to know all the details of his beriness, and making a thorough study of i&, is enabled to get all the value out of the raw material, or work up the waste into other marketable articles, so that the waste and residue of the past is fashioned into the useful of the _present, and these wastes now often constitute the chief part of the net profits. Now has our average dairyman availed himself of all these sources of profit? Is he a dairy student, all the time learning, always making a change for the better? Are his brains active? Is he alert? Does be com- prehend the great mystery of Nature with which he has to deal, the mystery of life, its reproduction and maintenance? Does he understand that this cow is a more com- ph-x machine than all the mechanism of the great mills, and yet the mastering of the functions, wants and demands of this cow, and the manipulation of her product, constitute successful dairying. Has the dairyman found that dairying is divid- ing up into special lines, and the profitable dairy is no longer a general purpose dairy? Has he the cow adapted to his purpose, or ie he yet owning cows "thoroughbred in . unknown breeding ?" Is he yet feeding his cowoitithe e,xpensive ways of the past, or is headoptieg the silo, the big soiling crop, - d concentrating his dairy efforts? Etas nd wellelighted Larne, and water "chyOralieeis.he yet making his cows torpid learnaseind great deal -of out- erwittedreeXelaise ? 1s,he yet -Eit-oing hes in -tin pans, or has hie, heed separator, d getting the lams eiobirle of creem frora the milk? Is he yet making store butter and exchanging it for groceries, getting no cash, or is he making fancy butter and sell- ing it in a butter market? Is he pooling his milk with that of his neighbors, and selhng itat so much per 100 pounds, or does he insist upon its being tested for solids with a modern milk tester, and so get the value of the extra pound of fat in each one' hundred pounds ot milk that in the past be has been donating to his neighbor who was putting poor milk into the pool.? Is he keep- ing up.the fertilityecif his farm by all known methods, saving manure by a liberal use of absorbents, plowing under clover, putting rye in as a "catch crop" after corn, so that his soil is -all the while at work storing up plant food for succeeding crops? Has he reduced the cost of labor to produce crops to the lowest point? Is this man readiug good dairy literature, so that he can keep eip, with the current dairy thought of the �y, and find out all that is transpiring in the dairy world in way of experiment and investigation, and put the best things his broadening mind tells him is practical into use? All these points are in the line of bet- ter dairying, and are at variance with the plane of those who denounce all dairy ad- vance as born of book learning, as if knowl- ,edge were a despisable thing, and all in- vestigation a scheme of men to get a living without work I All these arevital questions ; the contrast between success aaid progress and the stand- still conservative system that actually retro- - grades. What business, after all, does pay better on the farm than a weleappointed and conductectdairy ? Clare of Farm Horses. It is apparent even to an indifferent ob- server that the general run of farm horses do net have that smooth and well -cared -for lbok that the majority of the horses of city transportation and car companies possess ;- though the latter, on an average, do vastly more work in a year than the horse upon the farm; The secret of the matter is in -weeee-tel4he care and feed. Farm horses receive, as ' a rule, too little attention as to grooming, e e and are fed too commonly without regard to ---A-e- twbalaneing of the ration. _Farm horses al- most invariably eat too much hay, which distends the stomach when taken in large , quantities, prevents that organ from doing its full duty, and makes the horses dull and _ - Weak. Many farmers have no regular ration for •eheir homes, but throw down a forkful of hay almost every time they enter the barn. As a result, many of these horses are eating - hay from morning till night, to the mani- fest disadvantage of the haymow and the manifest disadvantage, also, of the horses, 1 Whose bodies become distended, skins dry and coats rough, while the digestive organs are thrown out of gear, so that the animal's whole system becomes impaired. The farmer declares that he cannot afford to -- feed such a ration as is fed to horses in city - - stables. Well, the value Of the hay that is *arse than -wasted, when fed in the enor- -., " . moue quantitiee mentioned, if expended for ial.'i mein, Would make a vast improvement in the condition and appearance of the horses, ,----a --, and would involve no extra expense what- - • • ever. This is a point that farmers ought to , - _ . e . se eonsieer, for on it hing.es a horse's measure " _ a/efficiency in doin _ . ark well. ,... a-- - al sin buy ifid with regularity ,_ , rctez -rat - aaa suitable grain - .-.. ,..,-.?•2-a , a--.1"---- a ..- ed with it, with - , . . • Vistsf4t. - ,...* datieliorough groom- , ., Oise rough -coated in four cases _ ; ' - raore alert, a handsomer , ieteitlyidere efficient animal. The grain eeeektition ighould be of ground or cracked corn, slut ground -cats or bran, the grain being ,. 'meted with the hay so that the hay and . grain wilt have to be eaten together, as it laa beenfound that hi thisway the grain is eine* more fully digested. As to the aaaaainiatint of _grain that shall help make Up a .:,-- 'ren, that must depend on circumstances, -he' thediebilety of the owner to provide the )4:false the -work which thehorse is call- a -to do. The thing of_ chief impor- „',,,Tfie takOfertnere to disiard a part of thJaration andsubstitute for this dis- - at letist its value hi the more condoned Dastrit,icea of, core,. :oata,. or bran, - leA-wilhiaturally follow': Cern hie too - fit‘lie fid alone. TJX-:_nanla *slab good, in. respect to tg vast importance to. all. horse breeders - !ealts, withake-exception %list 061121' knglish hackneys make good general 1 pur- :- seen 411 -eyed,- rouglWutnuatibreds. Hadulei atirle ishersdita17.- 4. -Ile •fald -agile (Nene:Ands of pose horses if crossed with suitable Thor - r-. ed, erstied and "pfriffese. mai -*hese,. SHAD MEM AN NOVA SCOTIA. disteiidedbedies-duriqgtl-winter ildwoon - - - : -,-- - show- plainly that they are the victims of Progress of the Work in Thirty Tears. too much hay aidtoolittle of the more con- In 1861 gold was first discovered in Nova densed and nutritious oats and bran.Arktm.. tia. It was found at Tangier, nearHali- funeral. And, owing to the constant pres- sands of colts are annually raised that are not The manner of working the first mines enee of friends' it was thfirst time since worth even the care and cost of the hay very primitive. The gold wasrocked Mrs. Meens was a widow that she had heen ee that they consume; but if a colt is worth raising at all it pays to fully develop in huge rough cradles.No machinery of alone; the first time she had an opportunity its oily possibilities by adequate and nutritious iimportance wasntroduced for some of looking the future scivarely-in the. face. years. Two men worked a small lead called feed. If it does not pay to feed any animal And this is what she saw: Five cluldren, on the farm properly it is pretty certain the knife lead, with only a hammer and pick hthe eldest li, boy of twelve, dependent on her for their training and support; with for some months, and lived in a camp near that it does not pay to keep that animal on their mine. • , the farm at all, and the sooner the farmer Notwithstanding the fact that the first i present provision for meeting this responsi- • t y providefor. Th recognizes that point the better it will be mines were worked under difficulties, such bility was a played -out farm of one hundred for his pocketbook. as inexperienced hands, lack of capital and acres, but poorly equipped with stock and Staring Green Clover B machinery, the latter causing in some cases implements. and ornamented by a thousand- in arna. seventy men to do the work of a ten -horse dollar mortgage. It was no wonder that There is some risk in storing green clover power engme, during the years from 1864 he lone widow sighed as she scanned the hay iii a barn, it being.almost impossible to to 1884 the average yearly return per man prospect. shut away the air from the sides of the employed was $660. The absense of proper On his sick bed Mr. Meens had urged his mow, and unless this is done the clover machinery prevented the mines from being wife, in case of his death, to sell the farm, heats. The escaping air inviting the en- worked to any depth, and the consequence and adopt one of the following plans: To trance of tresh air from the outside a cur. was that most of the mines were skimmed buy a little place in town, depending on the rent is established, slow- combustion pie- and left. Many of them afterwards taken labor of herself and children for support; vided for, and the clover "burns out plat up by more enterprising men and capitalists or, scatter the children among their rel - as a heap of horse manure is fire -fanged. To who prospected, bought, sold, made and lost atives, while she with her baby should live cure clover in a mow without previous wilt- fortunes, and improved mining by introduc- , with one of her brothers. ing to evaporate part at least of the sap in ing better machinery. 1 "You can't do anything with the farm, it, requires a tight mow that is a close ap- During the first feff years of gold -mining Anna," he said. "It's been all I could do proa,ch to a silo, so that the air cannot come excitement in Nova Scotia, American and to hold the home, and work hard at that, in at the sides and bottom. Without a European capitalists were ready to invest and you are just a helpless woman with a lot of children around you." fresh supply of oxygen, there can be no any amount of cash in prospecting and buy- His words came to her now, and she combustion of the clover. The fermentation ing. Mines were sold that only existed on ' ceases, which with a supply of fresh air, paper and in imagination. Barren quartz , thought of his plans overand over and over. would go on until the clover was a charred and unproductive mines were " loaded " by I "No," she finally said, "I cannot part mass. artificial means, claims staked off and quick- from my children, Whatever I do I shall To get the best results, the clover mow /y sold to eager capitalists. Sometimespieces keep my children with me. There is no should be boarded close on the sides and of pure gold were shot from a gun into the one who will do so well by them as their floor. The cut clover should be as clear of side of a hank and afterwards dug out as own mother. And that means that wecan- rain, or dew, as possible, and evenly spread specimens, the intended victims quickly tak- not live with our relatives. As to moving over the mow. When all but two or three ing the bait. to town, by the time our debts were settled loads of the clover is in make the top of the The end of this boom caused an abate- and a little place bought, the money would mow as level as possitde and then roll strips ment in mining fer some time, but it madebe almost gone. And then what would we others. fortunes for some and gave experience to of tarred paper over the surface, lapping do for a living? The boys would have to be the strips. Do not tread on it to break the kept from school and pick up any work paper; and scatter on the remaining loads There is now very little rash speculating they could get. And I—what could I do? for weight. A layer of boards will be as in mining. Before a company invests any I could not leave home to work on account effectual as the paper. The object of thisof my children. I am not skilf-I at sewing. amount it must see Berne chance for a return. layer of boards, or paper, is to prevent the The mines are taken up in areas of 150 feet I have knowledge of no wore that I could escape of the heated air, and if the air by 250 feet. An annual rental of 50 cents turn to prcfitable account in town, and I imprisoned in the clover, there will be no iS charged by the government, but if a cer- might be reduced t� the extremity of tak- entrance of fresh air from the outside. In tain amount of work specified by law is per. ing in washing. I shall have to think this formed on ea& claim, the rental money s i matter over well before I decide." the silo, where the walls are higher than the refunded, i The next day Mrs. Meens' brother silage, the air that falls upon the surface is d planned his charity to his own pocket, called, met by the ascending current and only a There are at present about thirty-four George, a close-fisted .farmer, who always few surface inches of the silage are affected. mines in operation. They are mostly i In the wow where the sides are somewhat Halifax and Guysboeo counties. Among and in discussing her affairs, said: "Well, open the entrance of air, can be prevented the principal mines are the Salmon River, Anna, me and Aliniry have talked it all ever, to a great extent by checking the egress Waverly, Killag, Oldham Central Rawdon, and we decided to offer you a home with us. fume the top of the heated air. This is ac- Fi fteen mile stream, Wine Harbor, Uni- Almiry's bealth is real poorly this fall, and complislied by the lightly weighted cover. aek , and Moose River. , we've been kinder scart we'd have to hire a . With old hay at command, to alternate In most of the mines work ceases in a ' girl. Hired girls is althred expensive these the layers of given lover with other shaft when it reaches a depth of 200 or 400 days. So we thought if you'd scatter the c layers -of the hayusing, about a third tchildren around among yours and Joe's re- , e- however at Goldenville a shaft was muchas clover, is a go plan. In curing skulk to a depth of 600 feet and made to pay lations, we'd give you and the baby your theneea.ping dampness of the green clever There is no doubt that many of the mines, home and board if you'd help Almiry with is abloiif properly *orkee, would pay to a much -the work. I b'leeve to goodness 'twould ted- by the old hay. In- raking clover for hand pitoliing, it is not generally greater depth, but this as a feature of econ- kill Almiry to have a strange girl puttering known that it is a great saving of "back- eme is yet to be developed in Nova Scotia round 'mong her things, they are suchwaste- bone" to rake the field twice. If one has gold mining.ful, keerless critters." " I don't think ... can save your hired -girl and pull the windrow along a few feet. This two horse -rakes, one may follow the other, Life in China. bill, eeorge„" replied Mrs. Meens'dryly. rakes up the cloveethat was left &touch, "I'm not going to part from my children. ' ed at the bottom of the windrow, loosens " What are you going to do ? A =LAMS WOMAN. income than hers, It is true that she and her children had to work, and at times very Ent She Mad e the Farm Pay. ineustriously ; but no harder than though America's 23,000 pa One week had elapsed. since Joe Meens' they had been dependents in the homes of pied". others, denied the freedom, the independ- ence and enjoyment which they have enjoy- ed in their own home. The widow's home has be& improved until it scarcely looks like the•same place. Her children have had the fullbenefit of the long winter schools in the country. She has furnished her family a better support, a better home, and surrounded them with better advantages and influences, than though she had cooped them up in a two- by-four town lot, and placed them on a footing with the poor rifiraff of the city. ViDUSTRIAE NOT The singular conditions of life at _Amoy, the metropolis of the great Chinese province of Fukien, have been. the theme of an inter- esting report of the United States consul at that city, Mr. Bedloe. Amoy, which ie city of about a million people-, and the "Yes, he did, but I don't think it's best. centre of a densely populated region, is per- Joe was gcod-hearted and well-meaning, haps the cheapest place in the world. but lie was lacking in mana,gernent." Workingmen live and support large families "Well, rii tell you, Anna, there won' on fifteen cents a day, and are said to be as nothing good come of you goin' againet Joe's happy as workingmen any wh are. will. A man's jedgment in such matters is The daily fare of an Amoy workingman worth a good deal more than a woman's. and its cost to him is as follows: One and What can a woman like you do on a farm?" a half pounds of rice, costing three cents; "My plan is," said Mrs. Meens, "to sell one ounce of meat, one ounce of fish, two fifty acres on the west of the farm and keep ounces of shell -fish, one cent altogether- the remeinder. Then I will engage in some- one pound of cabbage or other vegetable, thing in which the children and I can work." one cent; fuel, salt and oil, one cent; total, "Sell the west fifty ! Why that's the six cents. only good land you've got. There'll be This is much better fare than many nothing left but bogs and sand hills." European laborers enjoy. In what little "Well then, I will have to make the time the Amoy workingman can find from best of them," she -replied. "John Burrows, his toil, he flies kites, plays ihuttlecock, you know, holds the mortgage, and he and indulges in mild practical jokes on his offered Joe several months ago to cancel the friends. He goes to bed early, and worries debt for that fifty acres. If he is still of the - same mind I'm ready to make the trade." about nothing. The wife and children of the Chinese fam- Al! I've got to say is, you'll bring ruin ily gather driftwodd., edible sea -moss, shell- on your family if you take that step, said fish, mushrooms and dead branches. Some her brother. "But if you won't take the last advice of yaur husband, 'taint likely of the things they pick up they barter for you'll listen to anybody else." rice and vegetables. Sometimes a woman and her children provide in this way all the When Mrs. Meens' plan became public food of the family. property, advice was poured on her by the ton—had it been weighable matter. And Small boys earn a few copper coins by it was all to the point that she was doing a ,marching in reliaious processions, at funer- als, wakes, exorcisms, weddings and other , foolish thing. But in spite of grave head - ceremonies. shakings and gloomy forebodings, she per- ms sisted in her course, and raised the mort- At eight years of age a, boy begins is the same a, his gage by selling the fe-calling which usually father's. Indeed the children in China ' Joe Meens bas made a speciality of rais- begin to work as soon as they can walk. A ing stock and hogs. He kept a scrub boy or girl four years (rid will carry the grade of both kinds of animals, and a great. baby "piggy -back" half an hour at a time, .er number than the farm could support; and mind it from dawn to dusk. I consequently they were underfed both winter and summer, giving poor results in both The house is ueually an independent animals and prices. One of Mrs. Meens' structure, small, and containing two rooms The win. first steps was to dispose of all the stock ex- -a living -room and a leedremn. cepting flee of the best cows, and all the dows are small, high and nearly blocked up swilie but a few little pigs. The latter were with wooden, iron or stone bars. The rent kept as an economical measure, for convert - of a house of four or five rooms averages five cents a day. ling the surplus milk and waste food to . I One of the saddest things about child lite Profit. It was in the fall when Mr. Meens died, in China is the early encouragement of and during the winter following the widow gambling on the part of the boys. On every and her little boysperformed all their out - street in the daytime and early evening doer work. The cows were well fed and may I e seen groups of children around a cared for, and a good supply of butter for peddler, gambling for cake, fruit, or a small sale was the result. But at the opening of amount of money. Gambling is the great spring a man was hired for the summer curse of the Chinese people, robbing the season. During the winter, too, Mrs. Meens workingmen of their savings and corrupting the polities of the country. i had exercised her mental powers to the ut- In spite of their hard work and their few most in planning how she could best adapt land utilize her farm to her conditions. And indulgences, Chinese children manage to be after much study and search for informa- happy on the whole, as children will be the world over. tion, she decided to raise fruit. She became . deeply interested and enthusiastic over the Unseaworthy Ships. idea, and early in the spring commenced As a Parliamentary paper, there has just proceedings. A played out pasture lot of been issued the annual return of all ships four acres was plowed and set out to young ordered by the London, Eng., Board of apple trees. It was also planted to pota- Trade, or its officers to be provisionally de. toes, so that theeyoung trees could be culti- tained as unsafe under the Merchant Ship.; vated for the first year. Scattered over two ping Act. Between July 1, 1891, and the:acres of ground adjoining the barn, were a end of June last 47 vessels declared to be number of most unsightly hog pens, straw unseaworthy, were kept from being put to d sheds and cattle yards.- They covered a sea, of which number all but one were found choice piece of rich ground sloping to the to be unsafe. The majority of these were south. These were all removed and the wooden sailing ships. Sixty-three vessels ' ground plowed for cultivation. And the (25 of foreign nationality) were reported 'entire plot was set to small fruits, half an during,the year as "overladen or improperly acre to strawberries, the remainder to cur - laden.' Since the 'Act was passed the Board rants, raspberries, gooseberries and grapes. of Trade have used their power of detention And the manner of setting gamt evidence in 1417 cases. Seven hundred and fifty-one that the widow had sought information from vessels have been declared unsafe owing to an intelligent source. The rows were set condemned for being laden either above could be done with a hors defects in hull or machinery, and 641 were sufficiently far apart that eyeeacvuinligivahtainodn their capacity or in an improper manner. work. All through the first season this The rest were found after examination to be fruieplob received the best of care, and safe enough to allow of their proceeding, to went into its 'winter quarters protected by sea. - a coverlet of mulching The neighbors criticised and prophesied, There are said to be 1,142 patent reme- as people do at any diversion in their midst. dies -foe cholera in the list at the United ,But the next season when the fruit began to States Patent Offiee. bear the criticism was changed to approval Sir Ed.wew 211nold is an optimist in most d the widow was regarded with honest taw, and he includes in his optimistic re. admiration. The strawberries yielded a gotta not Only Japan but the United States. large, profitable crop. The mother and To a young friend who announced to him a children spent the days in picking the fruit projent for enterhig upon a aa'z' business and early each morning a- load was sent to venture, Sir Edwinenthusiastically exclaim- market, a distance of four miles. ed "I'm glad to hear it. Go ahead, iny It has now been five years since Mrs. dear boy. Yo 'llsnceeed ; of course you'll Meens commenced her fruit farm, and so succeed. :You'll inake money ; everybody successful has been her efforts that there is. makes monex 'in this wonderful country, Asit a farm in the vicinity that has a larger era. " I haven't decided fully yet, but I think up the bunch, and makes the pitching easy I will stay here on the farm," she replied. with no sticking of the ground. " Didn t Joe tell you to sell the fern; ?" Protection from Untimely Frosts. A very slight frost is often the cause of much loss to the farmer. The warm, grow- ing weather is interrupted by a cold wave which lowers the temperature to very near the freezing point. A calm, cloudless night allows so much heat to escape from the air around the plapts that the crops are frozen. If the crops could be protected during this one short fteeze, it would be safe to plant them in the earliest warm spring weather, and much profit could be gained daring the late warm weatherin the fall. The blanket- ing of cold -frames and of seed beds in the spring, and the covering of flowers in the fall, keeps fixed in the air around the plants nearly all the heat whice is constantly leav- ing the soil by radiation. Clouds form a blanket which keeps the lower air warm in the same way, so that frosts do not occur on cloudy nights. Even slight winds bring warm air. On the calm, clear mornings of early autumn, the farmers to the west of the Great Lakes, blanket their growing crops with a smudge of dense smoke from burning piles of wet straw, green weeds, and tar. The dense cloud oismoke and water vapor hanging over the crop does not allow the warmth coming from the soil to pass the plants, and hence they are not frozen. The water vapor in the smoke also protects, for it world be frozen first, and in freezing must lose heat which would warm the air, just as tubs of water in a cellar are frozen before the vegetables are injured. In the harmless white frosts, the water vapor of the air is the only thing frozen. Prof. R. C. Kedzie, recommends the drench- ing of gardens and orchards with water on the approach of frost, to fill the air with moisture. The stirring of the moist soil be- tween the rows will make the air damp. A thoreugh sprinklieg may thus save straw- berries and grepes in blossom. In the arid regions, a thorough irrigation of the crop may save it from freezing. Gardens may be flooded. To protect field crops, a smudge of damp materials and tar. is the most available._ Place pees of straw, hay, and weeds through the field in readiness for the first frost. Watch the &id, clear nights and, if the wind is not blowing at midnight. dampen the piles and kindle enough to make a good smudge. As the coldest time is from two to four in the morning -there must then be a good cloud of smoke. The General Purpose Horse. A general purpose horse should be sound, sensible, free from vice, medium size, about fourteen to fifteen hands high, weighing about 1,000 pounds, not too large for rids ing nor too small for work, should carry his head well up to give him style, should have sloping shoulders, should carry his feet near together to make him sure-footed, shoald ride well and drive well, should have an easy mouth, should work well to plow or wagon, should drive with single check or double reins, and above all should not be balky. in breeding general purpose horses it is very essential that the sire should he of the best disposition should ride and drive and work well anywhere and the nearer thor- oughbred the better. The mare should be medium size, stylish, and have endurance. The general purpose horse stands hard work, in the long hot days ef summer, much better than the heavy draft horses. For the show ring a horse should not be too fat but should show a little of the rib. The fat on a horse is sure to hide defects and judges should be very careful how they award premiums to fat horses. More at- tention should be given to breedinggeneral purpose horses for they are intrinsically more valuable, more difficult to find, and ard in great demand. - It is my e-_,,keermaa that a colt takes.endratia4.- ertat;3'm teem its dam and its ikephintion from its sire. If this conlale fuiiy established it would be have 200,1 ems A Gentian firm is producing breeding blocksamde from sawdust and acid. They are hard, light, practically non-combustible and cheap. The latest form of steamship propeller is an English invention. It is designed so that when in motion there is no weigise of water on the blades on the rise and fall of the propeller, due the pitching of the Yes- seL The impact water wheel, so much used for furnishing power for mines, metallur- Sot only that, but she hes proven that a gloat works and electric plants has lately helpless woman is not so helpless after all been improved by a new arrangement of when she exercises her Gad -given powers, multiple nozzle. independently and intelligently, in the The Carpenters' Union, of San Francis - direction they should go. co, builds dwellings for members without The Jews in Russia. charge. They are simple and comtortable homes. Seven houses have been built the The persecution ot Jews in Russia ha past year by the union for its members. two motives, neither of -which would be regarded in any other country a justifica- One of the latest applications of electric - tion for this policy. The Jew is—as need ity to mining operations is seen in the Mettenaick lead mine in Belgium. Each not be explained—outside the pale of the Christian comnrehnity. Even in the most bucket arriving at the top of the shaft civilized nations there still lingers a sen- makes an electric contact, and a needle in timent of hostile Prejudice against the the office indicates by a red line upon a re- volving drum the number of buckets brought up. President Samuel Gompers, of the Ameri- hest days when chnstians became a can Federation of Labor, is hard at work power in the earth, have been visited trying to organize the teamsters of this on their children. The track of the country into a national union but so far has Jews down the centuries is one of not succeeded, as not enough of localities blood. It is a miracle indeed that have so far sent notice to warrant fixing a this race has not been exterminated, as it time and place tor a convention. would have been had there not been a Di- General Secretary P. J. McGuire, of the vine purpose in its maintenance as a witness United Brotherhood of Carpenters and for the truth it lives only to deny. Joiners of America, submitted a flattering The persecution of the Jews in Russia is report of his trade for the month of August. merely a survival of practices that were gen- Twenty-three new local branches were eral throughout Europe a few centuries ago. chartered with a membership of 811, and The defenders of the Czar declare that, he19,103.88 were the receipts, while $9,002•10 is animated by the holiest of motives. Their was expended, of vhiela $7,261.25 represent, defence when cleared of cant is, that he ed the sick and death benefit fund. harries the Jews, in order to show his love of Christ ; a proceedipg which is as logical North Pole Expeditions. as a man getting intoxicated to show his zeal for temperance. A writer in a lead -The safe return of Lieut. Peary's expedi- ing Review recently said: "Russia is titer, after having accomplished some 18. magnanimous. She contradicts nothing. teresting and more or less valuable ecien- She subsidizes no reptile Press. Russia, tific results, will be apt to stimilate other confident of vindication by posterity, is si- expeditions on a similar plan. It is not easy lent." Poor, amiable Russia, it is sad she for one to understand the faseinetion whereen - is so harshly criticised ! As to Russia's si- arctic exploration has for persons of a certain lence, it is well known that the gold of that temperament. The record of attempts to country is spent freely in buying the advo- reach or get near the north pole of the earth cacy of the press of foreign countries. There is a record of dreadful hardship and sacrifices is no nation so lavish in its bia.ties, for the from the time of Sir John Franklin's fatal cause of Russia is so hateful, so unpopular" failure to the horrible story of the survivors in the rest of Europe, that only by large of Col. Greely's last adventure. This story - payments is she able to secure literary de- so sickened the natives that for a coesiderr fenders, of the class who would defend Sa- able interval the official and public ardor tan for a fee. I whicb sustains ventures of the kind was But, conscious of the utter inadequacy of; weak. The possible gains cid not appear ta the cry of religious zeal as an apology for; be an adequate recompenre for the cruel her crimes against humanity, Ruseia's de-; risks. Adventurers were ready enough, be fenders, put forth anoteer argument to jus- I cause failure and suffering ii such an enter- tify the cruelties inflicted On the Jews in ,• prise confer only less renown than the high - that Country. I est success; but there was an unreadiness The object pursued by the governing to " back" them with the necessary official classes in repressing the Jews is said to be and financialencouragement. Lieut. Peary'r- " sheer self-defence." The bright Jewish attempt was made upon a different plan from intellect, if allowed free play, would con- the others, and its comparative safety in taminate the whole Empire in a short space exeeution will recommend it to imitation, of time," so writes one Russian advocate. He did not attempt to take a vessel ita The "contamination" of Russia by "bright latitudes where the chances were agai:!*t intellect," is doubtless feared by the Czar, its ever getting back, and depeud epen for any people whose brains were acti e getting back in it. His party were trans - would soon make a bold strike for freedom ported to a point easily reached and left from his tyranny, and demand, and se- there until sent for. For further a‘ivaatee cure, the liberties enjoyed by all civilized he depended upon the safer land con ve ;Inca nations. The Jew, it seems, acts like yeast by dogs and sledges common to the coun ti y. in dough, and Russia does not went any The report he brings back goes to confli r intellectual fermentation to be introduced previous reports that Greenl ind is a g? -ea' amongst his despot -ruled subjects. "It island bounded northwardly by a poar sea. has been calculated that if the repressive He seems to have reached the limit of laws of Russia were repealed, and the Jaws possible advance by this meaos. Others allowed access to any and every post in the have told of beholding this sea. NV Empire, eight years would not pass before it covers all the space surrounding the every post worth having, outside the army north pole, having Siberia for its op - and navy, would be filled by an official of posite shore, no one knows, nor has anv one, the Hebrew faith." Such is the real motive been able to explore it in a vessel. Whet.h. of the persecution of the Jews in Russia. er any further definite knowledge of it will The Jew belongs to an. educated -race • to ever be gained is purely a matter of con - a race inheriting the force of strong relig- jecture, That there is enot.rh faith and ions principles; the oppression of centuries daring in the work' -to cause many a: -tempts has only intensified his energies- and the to be made in future time may bd saie:y heavy -brained, sodden, semi-ltarbarous assumed. Russian, has no chance in -the contest of But what useful end will be stil)Ferved hv intellect with the race wee were selected by finding out whether or not there the Ali -nighty to be His agents in revolu- bound, uninhabitalae island betw€ en Greco- tionizing the world. land and the next known shore on ti,e op - The Jews in Russia where they have been posite side of the pole? Does it matte r left comparatively- free, hold 47 per cent. of either with regerd to this world or the, the capital engaged in trade, run 67 per next? What will be the gain to an men cent. of the retail stores, 55 per cent. of the that will make it worth the sa.C.TIfie2 of people of Israel. The sins of the fathers through whose murderous deed, redemp- tion came to mankind, ever since the ear - mercantile establishments. They control in equal proportions, the distilleries of brandy, and the retail spirit stores. How enormous ;n their influence, compared to their number, can be judged by their being less than five per cent: of the total population. The social, intellectual, material, and political, advancement of Russia will receive each a serious check if the main body of the Jewish population is expelled. They have become the veins andarteries of the comrner- mau s life or even a dog's life ? Whathoo-.4 it to aacertain how coldt may be there We know -already that no human Leinc,ft can endure it except under artithial condi tions. We know be mathematical calcula- tion how long and how far above or below the horizon the sun will be. The e plora- tion of habitable regions where there are human beings tobe enligh,aa.el and elevat- ed and various novel forms of life to be studied, or r hith afford motives of emu- cial bodV, along which has flowed in streams .mercial interest, is intelligible. 1 he curios- - °fTfliraetIgtaheeayare avaricious, ity abaut the heavenly bodies and tle avaricious, keen bargain- movements of the members of the Wi.'7 i ers, oppressive and exa.ctina financiers, we system of whi18 this earth is- a part is n - can readily believe. A small body of for- unreasonable. But the exploration of a., eigners, living in a land by sufferance, liable north polar region beyond limits already to be expelled any day, having no ties to attained promises to be so barren of useful bind them to the country; must inevitably results and is fraught with such cowlitions become all that is charged against the Jews of peril that it ap ears to be not much bet- illARsutethesta.ter than a wicked misuse of human energy Czar is head official of one of and a waste of noble ambition. the Most ancient, and one of the largest of Christian churches, his treatment of the The Batter an.d Cheese Industry. Jews is a scandalous crime against Christen- Very promising results are reported by dom, as well as a disgrace to this century. the Dairy Commissioner from the first sea - The Jews may well resist our effa.r.ts to con-, son's operations of the experimental dairy vert them th Christ, when His religion is said stations. The improved quality of the,butr to instigate such cruelties as forcing men, women, and children from their homes amid the severities of winter. It seems to us that a mission to christianize the Czar of Russia, and his officials throughout the Empire, is as much needed as one to do that service to the Hebrew race. The destruction of so many Russians by famine would not have occurred had their chief Ruler not been destitute of the first principles of christianity. The grain needed to keep his subjects alive was being stored in prodigious quantities inmilitarygraneriee Such indifference to human agony as the Czar showed hi the time of the famine, for which he was mainly responsible, and such callous severity as he bas shown towards the Jews, proves him to have the stony heart of a.savage, to be indeed a barbarian wearing achristian mask. Heading Her OfE Cuinso—Wait a minute, Fangle. I want to step into the dressmaker's and pay my wife's bill. Farigle—Why don't you give her the money and let her go and pay it? Curesq—She'd order another dress. ter turned out has • comnaeuded it to thi- English public, and it is predicted that Canada may yet become a formidable rive to Denmark in this industry. The coni missioner intends to introduce more im- provements during the corning Beason to elevate the standard of the Canadian prod- uct. - When it is considered that as long ago as 1880 we sold England over $3,300- 000 worth of butter, the falling off of the trade th $184,000 in ino is alarming. But there was an increase of over $300,000 in -1891, and a imich greater gain isexpected in 1892. The cheese induetry, which since 1880 has increased from $3,770,000 to $9,- 481,0e0, more than compensates for the lore of tle butter trade, but there is no reasaa why Canada should not greatly increase both, In England the system of storing butter it being abandoned, and there is e. demand for fresh -made winter butter which Canada is specially adapted to supply. The special intention being given to our dairying in- terests will be amply repaid. The old-time viol was the first instrument of its kind, and furnished the plan of the modern violin, whieh, however, is 700 years old. It is said that Charles II. introducel It into England. One of the finest makers Of violins was Stradivarius, of Crenaona„ A floating newspaper paragraph says that who existed m the early part of the eigh- a Halifax lady, aged 80, has just began, teenth century. Some violins made by him taking piano lessons. Even the old and are worth thousands of pounds now, and feeb e can get square with their neighbors - when the o about it ht. esteemed by collecters alextutirw reeseese eetreesseseeerneerhe - YAMES FT.E CEM ConsIderali:, e,s a- C2 tp.-)n of a Erna:: ol anrnais so t'nern so cO'!SI -1ate or ',uropeat; Toe5.. the ro e 1. sr 1;att. 11•5 v.-1 inv( ! I ! .-ive few, !!Ii:t.'s es seem to app -cc negeclig1. at; oxl,t an,1 I_ Lre the iUcs. w. :c: either i)!1 i bore an.I t11:• 'inhole 1.4 there number:3 and operations un cow are touch None of the fat. As stat history has be good fortune with Mr. Ho courteously tigation of tit ed some of th ginia and sec which, later rea4ed. Thel i f e -his The eggs ar dropped dung warmer hours an ine'n in len very first and seen when lai from the egg hours ani at beneath the s remain until liquid portion - only food and into the horn animals are u full-grown, w are g of an inc white colour. Lance into the dark -brown p . length. Dur mer the pupal days, but the iu this conditi the surface emerge the fo insect is sha 1. tie -fly or the being cnly o aboat one-tiai The colour with a yello covered with . sists almost e ebdlaecykes,dba tethile gEcause of When not in forward in fro This pest a from the ordi size, greater a habit of gathe of cattle, part When very ab less complete sometimes fro the base tow ing upon the to this spec' Cattle-tly occ upon tile Earn specimens in horns. Neith Cattle -fly, br but seems to c It may not be no injury wha of gathering o resorting to t from which tit 43heneck and ecanaimaI t Hies assume t oi;eelwevhlee elevated dfaedn theaer iry ufl•ahti lde only slightly s ing position th the horns. Cattle of all lacks of this difference int. various breeds ing to their te of their skins. their way dow reach th e skin tretnely agile a slightest distu produce great quently forme their rubbing t other objects where the irr, rubbudder.ing, as in the It is in the p sect is troubles early in spring successive broo idly througliou found that fro two weeks, -a from the lay ance of the fly, active breedin September 15t erations or bro opment will ac in such large generai widely a:TU-4 ti t