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P:!ter
T
BICULTURAL.
Ali About the Farm.
BY JAMES K. REEVE.
A correspondent asks us for some informa-
tion upon the subject of green manuring,
and wonders bow it is that a given crop
- grown from a soil can enrich that soil by
being again turned under, and ex-
presses his opinion that no more can be
given back to the land than has been taken
from it. His mistake is in supposing that
the eeeire nourishment of the manuring
crops, especially when they consist of
leguminous plants such as clovef, alfalfa,
etc., comes from the soil ; en the contrary,
these plants have to a large degree the prop-
erty of drawing some of their most valu-
able element from the atmosphere. But
if they could only obtain food firm the
soil, eertain of the plants would still be of
valve in furnishing sustenance for certain
.hers. For instance, the small grains ob-
tlein their food almost wholly from the five
or six inches of top soil, and successive
cropping would soon exhaust this while the
lower soil was yet rich in the needed
elements. The roots of the legumi-
nous plants go lower down and draw upon
there stores, and then by being ploughed
under and decomposing near the surface
they again enrich the top soil. By a judi-
cious rotation of clover and small grains a
farm may be cropped very heavily and con-
stantly increase in fertility, and if the clov-
er is cut and fed to cattle, and the manure
carefully returned to the land, and even
greater income may be had without any det-
riment to the soiL
The development of a profitable dairy cow
depends very much upon the treatment that
she receives as a calf. The.good traits that
she inherits may be still further developed,
or they may quite as easily be seriously
stunted and dwarfed. The calf and the
heifer must be treated kindly and fed gener-
ously and judiciously with such food as will
best secure liberal growth of bone and
muscle, together with a hardy and vigorous
constitution. It is not best to breed them
so that they will drop the first calf until
somewhat after two years of age, as earlier
breeding has a tendency to weaken the con-
stitutional vigor. She should then be kept
in milk as long as possible, and the period
can be extended by good feeding, as the ten-
dency once formed in that direction will be
apt to continue. For the first five years the
cow should be treated as though immature,
that is, fed and handled so as to promote
constant growth and development.
One great benefit derived from the dairy,
and one we are afraid that is too little ap-
preciated, is that it affords a steady cash
income, a little almost every day right
through the year. There is nothing else on
the farm, except the poultry, that can do
this, and the poultry can only in a much
smaller degree. A nice roll of good butter
to sell every time one goes to town helps to-
ward those little expenses, which, if allowed
to run, so soon amount to big bills. Then
it requires the best part of some big
crop, the wheat, or the hogs, or a
couple of fat steers to pay them off. Farming
is a great deal easier and more satisfactory
when it is followed in such a way as to dis-
pense with store bilis ; but many find this
almost impossible, unless they have some
such means of constant income. When
bills are run up there is not often the same
close attention to small expenditures, and
so the totals foot up surprisingly large.
Injudicious feeding is a source of constant
and enormous waste upon the majority of
our farms. Once in a while we find, in our
travels about the country, a man who has
realized the economy of correct feeding and
so never gives a mouthful to any of his
stock where there can be a possible chance
of their wasting it. Others throw clean,
bright hay upon the ground in a muddy
barnyard, where a good portion of it is sure
to be trampled ender foot and fouled. Some
men who feed under cover have no suitable
feeding racks, and so the hay ispulled from
the manger and mach of it is wasted.
Corn also is often fed to hogs in muddy
barnyards, fields, or pens, so that much of it
is tramped so deeply that the hogs never find
it. Corn-fodder,staeked out of doors,is wast-
ed by the wind and weather and rapidly
deteriorates in feeding value. Even slop,
made of bran or meal that has cost good
money, is fed in shallow troughs in which
the animals step and wallow until half is
spilled upon the ground. This way of feed -
is the worst sort of folly, and is a doable Queer Facts About a Watch.
loss, a loss of the labor of gro Wang the food,
and of the prospective profit that would re-
sult if it were properly fed out.
While the liberal feeding of corn will in-
crease the flow of milk, it still is not an
economical food to use in the dairy. The
same value expended in bran and oil -meal
will give a much better return. The prac-
tice is steadily growing of feeding some con-
centrated food to milch cows at all seasons,
and wherever tried, we have reason to be-
lieve it has proved profitable and satisfac-
tory. Suppose you experiment in this line
when you turn your cow out upon short
pasture in the spring.
An unsound or blemished horse is usually
one of little worth. The majority of un-
sound or blemished horses are wally so
because of brutal or careless treatment, and
are a direct reflection upon their owner. A
dark stable is not a good place in which to
develop horse -flesh. The conditions under
which plant life and animal life flourish, do
not vary greatly. Grow a plant in a dark
cellar and see how itturns out. A colt
raised iu a dark stable will have just about
as niucb stamina.
We all know what irrigation, by giving a
plentiful supply of moisture at all seasons,
can do toward insuring good crops. But as
irrigation cannot be -practised in encases we
must avail ourselves of the best substitutes
for it that we can command. One of the
best of these, and the one most generally
within reach, is to give the soil such a thor-
ough pulverization that it will retain a sur-
plue of water when it comes, and furnish it
to plants as it may be needed during their
growth. A deeply and finely cultivated soil
holds water like a sponge. A soil may be
deeply loosened, but if this loosened mass is
only broken clods and lumps there will be
innumerable openings between them which
will set like sa many evaporating chimneys
to allow the moisture that is below to escape
above. Thus the water which ought to be
held for future use is rapidly dissipated
without having served any good end. This
loss may be very largely prevented by hiv-
ing a finely pulverized stratum at the top,
so that no open chimneys will exist to throw
off the vapor. Equally objectionable with a
coarse surface is a hard surface which the
water cannot penetrate, but from which it
runs off, thus losing the required supply to
the growing crop. The teachings of theory
and the results of the successful practice of
the best cultivators have abundantly proved
the importance of thorough pulverization
and of a fine mellow soil iu giving heavy
crops through all seasons, and in preventing
the disasters which to some extent always
follow superficial culture.
I have spoken of it frequently before, but
1 believe I esnnottoo often impress upon Married women live on an average, two
my re,3ers the loss that they consttly years longer than single women, although
go im er care of fertilizing one womaue et seventy dies m childbirth.
materials. All through the country I have 1 THE BORROWING HADBINS.
seen this winter thousands of leads of man-
ure in open barnyards, bleaching and wash -
"And the borrower is servent to the lend-
ing away. B the time it is hauled out in
By er." Times mutantnr and we mutantur
with them. Solomon wrote as a rich lend-
er who had everything out on cutthroat
mortgages and thus held the borrower
where the hair was short though the time
was long. But all signs fait when yon can't
remember the countersign, and it's
A SHORT LANE THAT RAS NO TUztN IN.
the spring, it will have at the outside not
more than fifty per cent. of its original value.
If the manure is to be withheld from the
fields until spring, the only sensible way is
to keep it under cover, and then it must be
kept slightly damp, and turned frequently
to prevent burning and the escape of the
ammonia, one of its most valuable qualities.
Where -there is not room to store the man-
ure and shelter it, it should be hauled out
upon the fields and spread as fast as made.
This plan has the added recommendation of
saving labor, and freeing you from this
work in spring, when you can find plenty
of employment at other duties. If plenty
of absorbents and bedding are used, so as to
prevent the escape both of liquids and am-
monia, there is not much objection to leav-
ing the manure in the stable until a load
has accumulated. It is not a good plan,
however, to allow the horses and cattle to
stand upon it, or foul feet may result.
tuernsey Cattle.
An experienced dairyman writes that the
Guernseys are cattle that have contributed
as largely toward improving onr .native
breeds as any which Europe has sent across
the ocean. The fame of this breed may not
be so generally known as either the Jerseys,
Holstein -Friesians or Ayrshires, but the
average worth of the individual animals of
this breed must make them stand foremost
among the improved cattle of our country.
The Guernsey is a great butter -maker, and
the blood from these pare -bred animals can
be found in many of the good dairy animals
upon our progressive farms. As individual
butter -makers this breed has never been
widely published, and wonderful feats of
single cows have not been recorded in order
to raise the value of a whole breed. Fre
quently there are exceptional animals amok
the other breeds which produce a startling
amount -of butter, but it is doubtful if this.-;
is of any real value to the farmer. The=
prices of such animals are way above any-
thing which the average dairyman car af-
ford to pay, and it is also a question whether
the rest of the breed is helped by these few
exceptions. They are rather abnormal ex-
ceptions, and in the eyes of many it injures
the standing of those which are normal pro-
ducers. Reading of the wonderful records
of a few Jerseys, the purchaser naturally
expects similar astounding results from his
less expensive animal, and the result is he
is generally disappointed.
The average of the Guernseys is good.
As a race of special butter -makers all of the
registered animals stand high, and a few do
not go above the average to astonish the
world. They form the backbone of most of
our large dailies. They are good working
and profitable animals, yielding good work
the year round. They are not owned by
fancy breeders and societies who are simply
desirous of pushing their price up by pub-
lishing their wonderful records. For this
reason the Guernsey breed is probably bet-
ter suited to dairy purposes than any other
imported from Europe. The breed comes
from the Channel Islands, where so many of
our famous breeds originated, and they have
been bred there for a time longer than man
can remember, simply for butter -making.
The milk and cream that they- produce are
wonderfully yellow and rich, and the butter
very seldom needs artificial coloring at any
season of the year. The animals are gener-
ally larger than the Jersey or Ayrshire, and
very gentle in disposition. They demand.
fair grass for their best efforts, but they are
not as dainty as the Jersey. This breed
has never been bred for the color, as most
of the other breeds, and their owners have
simply tried to develop the points in good
butter -making, allowing nature to take care
of the color of the hair. A fine, pure bred
herd will produce good quantities of butter,
every pound of which will often sell for 50
cents. It is of superior taste, flavor and
color, and when a market for it is once es-
tablished it is an easy matter to get such
prices for it summer and winter. The chief
merit of the Guernseys is that they can be
judged as flocks and herds, and not as in-
dividual animals. A good herd shows that
the average is high, and it is this which is so
essential to a dairyman. Individual animals
do not count so much as the high average
of the whole herd.
Open your watch and look at the little
wheels, springs and screws, each an indis-
pensable part of the whole wonderful ma-
chine. Notice the busy little balance wheel
as it flies to and fro unceasingly, day and
night, year in and year out. This wonder-
ful little machine is the result of hundreds
of years of study and experiment. - The
watch carried by the average man is com-
posed of ninety-eight pieces and its manu-
facture embraces more than 2,000 distinct
and separate operations. Some of the small-
est screws are so minute that the unaided
eyes can not distinguish them from steel fil-
ings or specks of dirt. Under a powerful
magnifying glass a perfect screw is revealed.
The slit in the head is 2-1000ths of an inch
wide. It takes 308,000 of these screws to
weigh a pound,and a pound is worth $1,585.
The hair -spring is a strip of the finest steel
about 9 inches long, 1 -100th inch wide and
27-10,000ths inch thick. It is coiled up in
spiral form and finely tempered. The pro-
cess of tempering these springs was long
held as a secret by . the few fortunate ones
possessing it, and even now is not generally
known. Their manufacture - requires great
skill and care. The strip is gauged to 20-
I000ths of an inch,but no measuring instru-
ment leases yet been devised capable of fine
enoughgaugingof the strip what the strength
ofthefinishedspringwill bee A20-1000thpart
of an inch difference in the thickness of the
strip makes a difference in the running of a
watch of about six minutes per hour.
The value of these springs, when finished
and placed in watches, is enormous in pro-
portion, to the material from which they are
made. A comparison will give a good idea.
A ton of steel made up into hair -springs
when in watches is worth more than twelve
and one-half times the 'value of the same
weight of pure. - gold. Hair -spring wire
weighs one -twentieth of a grain to the inch.
One mile of wire weighs less than half a
pound. The balance gives five vibrations
every second, 300 every minute, 18,000
every hour, 432,000 every day, and 157,680,-.
000 every year. At each vibration i E rotates
about one and one-fourth times, which
makes 197,100,000 revolutions every year.
In order that we may better understand the
stupendous amount of labor performed by
these tiny works, let us make a few com-
parisons. Take, for illustration, a Iocomo-
tive with 6 -foot driving. wheels. Let its
wheels be run . until they have given the
same number of revolutions that a watch
does in one year and they will have covered
a distance equal to twenty-eight complete
circuits of the earth. All this a watch does
without other attention than winding once
every twenty-four hours.
When a boy, in the halls of my fathers—
we had two halls, front and back, and then
later en I married a Hall, that made three ;
in the halls of my fathers, then—I had
only one father, itis true, but as he is in no
wise a singular man I mention him in the
the plural—I remember a neighbor who
located a claim adjoining our own happy
and peaceful demense, where we abode
under our own vine and fig -tree, and chil-
dren clustered "like olive plants round
about the table" three Limes a day, and
fluttered and swarmed like barn swallows
the rest of the time.
The new neighbor came in the first day
of his arrival to borrow a hatchet ; theirs
was nailed up in one of their boxes, and
they wanted to unpack their things. That
was all right, but I wondered all day how
they packed the hatchet; I had an idea
that one of the boys must have crept into
the last box, and nailed the lid on top of
himself. However, that wasn't the way of
ie at all ; I might have known better. But
I didn't and I watched the new neighbors
unpack all that day with curious.interest,
expecting every time they opened a new
box to see the boy crawl out, a little
rumpled by and compressed by the long
journey from Ohio, but with that certain
air of newness that things long packed are
apt to have. I was sorely disappointed
when -the last box was emptied and no boy
seemed to he missed.
The Hadbins—the man's name was O. E.
Hadbin—were neighborly people. Mother
said she thought we would like them ; but
then her gentle, Ioving nature always
thoughtwe would like everybody. Of course
they had Mo time for :baking the first day,
so theTborrhwed nearly all the bread we
had in the houseand mother sent quite all
the butter with it ; that was all right ; the
Illinois idea at that day was that your
house
BELONGED TO YOUR NEIGHBOR
until he got settled, and it did. In th
day, if there wasn't enough to go round,
anybody had to sleep in the shed and
hungry, it wasn't the new -comer, it w
the older inhabitant, and the older inha
tant remembering how in like manner
had been received, never complained, a
never acted as though he was conferring
favor on the new -comer.. I don't know th
the children were quite so unselfishly war
hearted as the parents. I know Itehoug
rather ruefully that night at sapper of
Hadhins eating our good butter spree
thick as mortaron their bread, while
chewed the cud of bitter fancies with m
butterless bread. For I hated dry bread
Ido to this day. And I hate bread crust
I am yet given to hiding it around th
edge of my plate, and when 1 see a m
eat crust willingly and without compulsion
I harbor dark suspicions of that man.
believe him to be designing and deceitfu
Next morning one of the Hadbin childre
came over to borrow a scythe. It was lat
in November ; there wasn't a thing to
mowed in all Peoria County, and there neve
had been anything to mow on their reserve
tion, anyhow. I suppose now that the
wanted the scythe to cut bread with ; th
occasional study of the subject during al
these intervening years has reached n
better solution than that. But we gave the
the scythe, and wondered. In the after
noon we saw one of the children comin
away from Gregg's house with a tub, an
concluded that the Hadbins were extendin
their lines toward the left, and were recon
noitering all along their immediate front
The surmise was confirmed in the evening
when err. Lloyd stopped a moment on his
way to the store to say that ,the Hadbins
had borrowed all -bis lamps, and he was go-
ing down town to buy some candles.
" What are candles ?"
Oh, I don't just exactly remember what
they were myself, dear ; you never saw
any. They were white straight things,
that we .used to light at one end to see by.
" Something like gawz ?" Yes, dear
something like gas ; something like it ; the
bill was about five times stronger than the
light. Well ,the Hadbins grew more familiar
as you became intimate with them, and the
better acquainted you became with them
at
if
go
as
bi-
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at
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THE MORE YOU KNEW OF THEM
It is this, way with some people. About
the end of the first week one of the boys
came in and borrowed John's sled. We
told him there wouldn't be any snow before
the middle of -December, but he said he
could wait, and patiently dragged the sled
away with him. I think we began to get a
little scared at that. and father said he un-
derstood now why they borrowed the scythe
in November ; it was to have it on hand
against hay harvest next year. But mother
said wee musts.% judge before we knew
about them and so hushed us up, and went
onto tell what a sweet, soft voice Mrs. Had -
bin had.
"Why, when did you hear it?" asked
one of my sisters.
And mother bent her dear face a little
lower over her sewing—I can see the faint
blush kindhng her cheeks like a dream of
dawn—as she was obliged to confess that
she heard her asking Mrs. Phillips for the
loan of her quilting -frame, and " could she
tell her where she could borrow some clothes
props and a couple of flat irons ?" The shout
of applause that went up saved mother from
acknowledging that her own department
had honored the full requisition for " props""
and issued half rations of irons.
The Hadbins were Baptists,.and I suppose
for that reason they raided my father's in-
heritance'oftener than they did the borders
of Philistia and Edom. They knew the
practical duties of the diaconate. The first
time they came to church Mr. Hadbin asked
father if he might sit in our pew that morn-
ing. Certainly, Brother Hadbin. And in
sailed Brother Hadbin, Sister Hadbin, Ellen
Hadbin, George Hadbin, Jack Hadbin, Gad
Hadbin, Kittle Hadhin, Jane Growl—Had-
bin's hired girl—and the Hadbin twins.
They settled in our pew and
SPREAD OUT OVER ADJACENT SECTIONS -
of the court of the Gentiles. .We scattered
as sheep without a shepherd that Sunday,
and afterwards camped on an abandoned
claim that nobody would think of borrow-
ing. That night all the male members of
the congregation of our home tabernacle—
father and the boys—nailed their boots to the
floor before going to bed, to prevent their
being borrowed before morning. The next
day passedoff quietly, and none of our out-
posts were driven in, but Tuesday morning
George and Gad came over to borrow our
dog to go hunting with. We loaned the
got lather sorrowfully, although mother
bald, " Why, let them have him, you foolish
boys ;; Zech will come back himself." That
sounded reasonable, but -as I am relating
a matter of history I cannot conscientiously
omit any parte truth—he never. did.
He came home with the Hadbins all right,
but he never came back to us. They didn't
tie him up, but the dog seemed to realize
that he was borrowed by aborrowing family,
and that settled it. He knew he was doom-
ed never to be returned. He would come.
to the fence sometimes and lock in at us so
earnestly and longingly that it would melt
a heart of ice, but when we called him
"good old Zech," and tried to coax him in,
he would wag his tail sadly and go droop-
ing back to the Hadbin reservation. Once
Mrs. Hadbin came in, and in the sweetest
tones you ever heard, begged mother to save
all our meat bones for the dog ; they used
all theirs for making soup, she said. Soon
after they heard a mouse in their pantry,
and came and borrowed our eat. We never
saw the cat on our own ranche again.
Sometimes, in the silent itches of the
night, we could hear her wailing in plain-
tive cadences, as though her heart was
bre'king with nostalgia—she had always
been inclined to nostalgia, and even when
she was young, she would make Rome howl
if we turned her out of the kitchen at night
—but she returned to the home of her child-
hood no more. She was borrowed.
So things ran on, and week by week our
little hohtae began to lock more desolate and
bare, as one thing after another
WENT INTO THE MAELSTROM
until finally Mr. Hadbin, who seldom did
any borrowing in person, struck father for
his autograph on a little thirty -day note for
a trifling amount --forty dollars. Father
yielded ; the note fell due ; and the owner
of the borrowed name had to pay it him-
self.
" Don't worry'tr. Habdin about it now,"
pleaded my mother ; " He'll pay you some
time." -
"I haven't said a word to him about it,'
said my father grimly ; " he is enough of
a business man to know how these things
o'
g That evening Mr. Hadbin called. He
looked very angry.
"Deacon," he said. " I heard that you
took up that note yourself to -day."
" Yes," father said he did ; he didn't
want it to go to protest, and so he paid it,
and Mr. Hadbin could pay him when times
were a little easier, and—"
But Mr. Hadbin waved his hand with a
gesture at onceainjured and sorrowful.
" Well," he said. " I would never have
believed that of you. Never."
And lie was gone. Mad was no name for
what he was. He told people that he had
been deceived in men before, but never so
bitterly as he had been in Deacon B.—never.
He wouldn't have believed that one man
could treat another so. He had heard of '
mean men in. Ohio, but he had to come
West to find them. And a brother in the
Church, too.
When he thought of that, he could stand
it no longer. He went right off and joined
the Children of Light, a new sect in that
neighborhood that was running a sort of a
faith cure fake on commission.
The Hadbins moved the next week. The
day they moved they sent word that they
would be beholden to us for nothing, and so
sent back all our old things. They sent via
the side fence line, three tubs that belonged
to Greggs, Lloyd's lamps, Knowlton's wheel-
barrow, Mrs. Richardson's preserving kettle,
Warner's spade, Phillips' quilting -frame,
Weston's buggy harness, and a variety of
things belonging to everybody in the neigh-
borhood except to ourselves. , We had a re-
ception, and the neighbors came in and
identified their property, and took it away,
and we saw the Hadbins no more.
But I have often thought that people
hadn't got borrowing down to an exact
science when Solomon wrote, and that when
Poor Richard said, "He that goes a borrow-
ing goes a sorrowing," he must have meant
that one fellow did the borrowing and. the
lender did the sorrowing. I am older now,
my children, than I was when I was young-
er, and I have learned that there is nothing
in the world that will make a man hate you
so bitterly as to owe you borrowed money
that he cannot pay.
"But why should that make him mad at
you ?"
I do not know, children; I do not know.
ROBERT J. BURDETTE.
The Fecundity of Flies.
A common house fly lays four times
during the summer season, each tim e
an average of eighty eggs, which
makes
One-half of these are supposed to be fe-
males, so that each of these four
broods produces forty -
1. First eighth, or forty females -of the
first brood, also lay four times in the
course of the summer, which makes.
The first eighth of these last, or 1600fe-
males, lay three times, making a
"setting" of
The second eighth lay twice, or eggs to
the number of
The third and fourth eighth lay at
least once each, or
2. The second eighth, or the forty fe-
males of the second brood, lay three
times and produce eggs to the amount
of
One-sixth of these, or 1600 females, lay
three times or eggs to the number of
The second sixth lay twice the eggs
numbering
The third lay once, or
3. The third eighth or the forty female
of the third brood, lay twice, or eggs
toe of
One-fourththe ofnumber these, or 1600 females, lay
twice more, which is
4. The fourth a-ghth, or forty females
of the fourth brood, have one laying
period each, which produces eggs to
the numo
Half of theseber lastf, or 1600 females, will
also lay 80 eggs each, which gives us.
320
12,830
384,000
256,060
256,000
9,600
384,000
128,000
6,400
256,000
32.000
128,000
Total product of a single pair of flies in
one Season , 2;080,320
It has been estimated that if esch fly
hatched should live to be 4 years of age, at
the end of that time they would form a
solid mass around the earth, extending to
.a height of fiftymiles, or about the estimat-
ed thickness of our atmosphere.
A New Type of Ballet.
English ordnance experts are interested
at present over a new style of ballet for
shoulder rifles that has been invented by
General Tweedie. The bullet has a case
which is closed at the base aad open at the
head, the case ending about half way be-
tween the shoulder and the point. Upon
striking the head spreads out like a mush-
room, and suddenly becomes a projectile of
much larger caliber than it was at the time
it left the gun.
By this means it is thought to secure the
advantages of both the small and the large
caliber weapons. During its flight it has
the properties of the small -sized bullet, little
resistance to the air. When it strikes, how-
ever, it does not content itself with inflict-
ing: a mere wound which may or may not
incapacitate the soldier struck, but it shat-
ters and tears, placing the one hit hors du
combs on the instant.
Although not primarily intended to pierce
armor of any thieknees, it has been found
that the Tweedle bullet is much more effec-
tive for this purpose than any of the small-
er calibers that have been tried in competi-
tion with it.
j
Golden Thoughts for Every Day.
MonWday-
- On mountain
here mortal never trod.
heights, in days of old,
_While heavenly splendors shone around,
There Moses talked with God,
In sweet Communion, glorious, grand,
God gave his promise sure.
And made his covenant with man
Eternally secure.
His people they should ever be
And he would be their C-od.
While they obeyed His holy will
And kept the faith they vowed.
And still to us the promise stands.
As by tt e Jews 'twas heard ;
He will accent us as His own,
If we obey His word.
—[Eliza B. Sexing.
Tuesday—.This boundless desire had not
its original from man itself : nothing would
render itself restless ; something above the
bounds of this world implanted those de-
sires after a higher good, and made him
restless in everything else. And since the
soul can only rest in that which is infinite,
there is something infinite for it to rest in ;
since nothing in the world, though a man
had the whole can give it satisfaction, there
is something above the world only capable
to do it, otherwise the soul would be always
without it, and be more in vain than any
other creature. There is, therefore, some
infinite being that can only give a content-
ment to the soul, and this is God.—[Philip
Charnock.
Wednesday—If we consider the dignity
of an intelligent being, and put that in the
scales against brute inanimate matter, we
may affirm, without over -valuing human
nature, that the soul of one virtuous and re-
ligious man is of greater worth and excel-
lence than the sun and his planets. *[Thos.
Bentley.
Thursday.—If you would increase your
happiness and prolong your life forget your
neighbor's faults. Forget the slander you
have ever heard. Forget the temptations'
Forget the faultfinding and give little
thought to the cause that provoked it. For-
get the peculiarities of your friends, and
only remember the good points that make
you fond of them. Forget all personal
quarrels or histories that you may - have
heard by accident, and which if repeated
would seem a thousand times worse than
they are. Blot out, as far as possiole, all
the disagreeableness of life ; they will come,
but they will grow larger as you remember
them, and constant thought of the acts of
meanness, or, worse still, malice will only
tend to make you more familiar with them.
Obliterate everything disagreeable from
yesterday ; start out with a clean sheet for
o -day, and write upon it, for sweet mem-
ry's sake, only those things that are lovely
nd loveable.—[Bishop Wilberforce.
Friday—
Faithfulness in the humblest part
Is better at least than proud success ;
And patience and love in achastened heart
Are pearls more pr ecious than happines
And in that morning when we shall wake
To the springtime freshness of youth agai
All troubles will seem but a flying flake,
And life-long sorrow a breath on the pan
—[J. W. Trowbridge.
Saturday—Think as little as possibl
bout any good in yourself ; turn your eye
esclutely from any view of your acquain
ances, your influence, your plans, your su
ess, your following—above all, speak as li
e as possible about yourself. The inordi
atene s of our self-love makes speech abou
urselves like the putting of a lighted tort
o the dry wood which has been laid out i
rder for burning. Nothing but duty shoul
pen our lips upon this dangerous theme
xcept it be in humble confession of our sin
Jness before God.—[Anon.
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The "Phonophore Telegraph .°
To be told that a telegraph wire which is
usily transmitting a long message can a
e same time be made to convey half ado
n other messages in opposite direction
unds like a fairy tale ; but that the thin
n be done, and is daily being done, is at
sted upon the most respectable scientifi
thority. The discovery which . render
ese astonishing resultspossible is due toMr
Langdon -Davies, who has for some year
engaged in rendering it practical,
orkable, and in adapting it alike to tele
honic and telegraphic use. It is difficul
convey to the lay mind an accurate com
ehension of a process so exceedingly tech -
cal ; but it may briefly be said - that Mr.
angdon-Davies in the " Phonophore " util-
es, not the electric current, but the noises
used by induction. The signals are trans-
tted by a series of induced electric im-
ises, and the success of the system is found
the ability of the inductive force to pass
rough insulations which electric current
an not penetrate. A wire may be blown
wn and m contact with the earth, yet, so
g as it is not broken, it will carry a pho-
phoric message. By - means of the
onophore messages can be transmitted
h extraordinary rapidity, and there is
etically no limit to the number of tele-
msathat may be sent simultaneously
on the same. wire. And, as we have hint -
Mr. Langdon -Davies' system is as useful
phonically as it is telegraphically. A
e which is oonveying electric signals can
he same time be used for telephonic con-
sation without either the message or the
versation suffering in the least. For
e considerable time past experiments in
h directions have been proceeding, with
t gratifying results, which are vouched
by such high authorities as Prof. Sylvan-
hompson, Conrad Cooke and Latimer
rk. Three of the principal railway oom-
ies have already adopted the phono-
re; and it must be obvious even to the
cientific mind, that phonophoric tele-
phy and telephony, in so vastly increas-
the electrician's power over the wires,
before it a very great future. The
nophore, indeed, increases almost to in-
ty the number of words that can be
emitted in a given time. It is obvious,
efore, that it offers great possibilities in
way of cheapening the cost of telegrams.
ong as the number of words the; could
rried by a wire in an hour was rigidly
ted, it was hopeless to look for any sub -
tial reduction in the cost of telegraph -
but the phonophore at once increases
capacity and the speed of every wire to
h it may be fitted.
t
9
g
c
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s
y
t
Albion W. Tonrgee is reported to have
said at St. Paul, Minn., that " if there is not
a marked change in the attitude of the coun-
try toward the colored race we shall have
within the next 10 years a massacre such as
has not been paralleled since the French
revolution."
" Did you see -this tree that has been
mentioned by the roadside ?" an advocate
inquired once of a witness. " Yes, sir ; I
saw it very plainly." "It was eonspicuons
then?" The witness seemed puzzled by the
new word. He repeated his former asser-
tion. Sneered the lawyer, "What is the
difference .between plain' and ' con-
spicuous'?" But he was hoist with his own
petard. The witness smoothly and inno-
cently answered, "I can see yon plainly
sir, amongst the other lawyers, though you
are not a bit conerpicuoua."
Along the Time.
I wonder if some heaven-sent thought
A new, sweled et light; thePerhaps
send it it brought
To help some other groping one
Along the line.
Throngb weary starless nights of pain
We have passed ; but not in vain ;
Some bitter lesson leaves its sweet,
'.Twill help another to repeat
- Along the line.
The echoing cadence of a hymn.
A picture's heauty, grand though <f . ,
The fragrance of.a winter flower—
Let them renew their magic power
AIong the line.
How mar,y lips have never trilled
The song with which your soul is filled ;
Then boldly, gladly tell it out
And make it one triumphant shout
Along the Pane.
A smile an answering smile will bring;
A hand-clasp—'tis a little•thing
A word of cheer, of love of praise;
Yet only these some soul may raise
Along the line,
Pass it along- -the watchword—brother
Hand clasping hand, touch one another I
Send up the praise. the trustful prayer ;
Send out your love for all to share
Along the line.
—[Helen F. Bowden.
The Baby's Feet.
" How shall -we shoe the baby!" is •
q uestion which naturally arises as soon as
he puts on stockings. The plan generally
punned is to place on the baby's foot a stiff -
soled little shoe, probably incorrect in shape,
though of pretty material and finish. In
such shoes he begins his straggle for a
booting in life, which he finally gains,
though not as soon as he would had his
clinging little toes been left to aid him, un-
hampered by the bondage of a shoe.
A pretty and sensible fashion which has
come up during the past few years is the
use of the moccasin as a first shoe. These
are made of chamois, felt or kid bound with
bright ribbons or braid and ornamented
with fancy stitches in any way that taste
may suggest. They are best if made to lace
well above the ankle, au they keep in place
better than if cut low. This footeere
warm and very pretty and does not sramp
the toes or interfere with baby's first tants
to crawl or walk. The only serious objec-
tion to moccasins is the difficulty of keep-
ing them on the feet of an active child after
he begins to crawl, and this in time leads the
mothers to discard them be favor of the shoe,
faulty as it is.
The sole of a baby's bare foot is not unlike
a wedge in shape, the broad part being at
the toes, while the shoe meant for his use
is often either narrower at the toes than et
the heel or else of about equal width.. The
perfect shoe has net yet been evoia'ed for
either infants or adults, notwithezanding
advertisements to the contrary, cut thew
are degrees eve:* of badnesr.-
The ideal s:coe should coefoten as nearly
as possible to the shape of he foot and be
neither too ieose nor too tight. In particular
it should be amply wide across the great -
toe joint and allow the toes room to spread
out instead of being pressed tightly together. -
Mothers should see that the baby's shoe is
correct in this respect and that it is also
long enough to extend slightly beyond the
toes in order to allow freedom oi motion and
room for growth.
Having secured these essential points she
can probably do little toward attaining the
perfese shoe until the shoemaker has re-
formed his views regarding the shape of a
baby's foot.
The Average John.
Conjugal quarrels are so constantly the
theme of ridicule and the text of warnings
to the unwedded that we lose sight of the
plain truth that husbands and wives bicker
no more than parents and children, brothers
and sisters. In every community there
are more blood relations who do not speak
to one another than divorced couples.
Wars and fighting come upon us not
through matrimony so much as through the
manifold infirmities of moral nature.
Most women take to married life and
home easily. John's liking for domesticity
is usually an acquired taste, like that for
olives and caviare, and to gain aptitude for
the duties it involves requires patience. He
needs filing down, and chinking, and round-
ing off, and sandpapering before he fits de-
corously into the chimney corner. A stock
story of my girlish days was of a careless,
happy-go-lucky housewife, who, upon the
arrival of unexpected guests, told her maid
"not to bother about changing the cloth
but to ret plates and dishes so as to humo3
the spots."
The masculine nature has spots to be
humored. One of the spots is the manly
duty of some Johns to discourage at first
hearing any plan that originates with a wo-
man. :Fives there are who have learned
the knack of insinuating a scheme upon
a husband's attention until the logical
spouses find themselves proposing of their
own free will the very designs born of their
partners' brains. This is genius.
For Power to Pray.
We bring no glittering treasures,
No gems from earth's deep mine;
We come, with simple measures,
To chant thy love divine,
Children, thy favors sharing,
Their voice of thanks would raise,
Father, accept our offering.
Our song of grateful praise.
The dearestgift of heaven,
Love's written word of truth,
To us is early given,
To guide our steps in youth.
We hear the wondrous story,
The tale of Calvary:
We read of homeain glory,
From sin and sorrow free.
Redeemer, grant thy blessing,
0, teach us how to pray !
That each, Thy fear possessing,
May tread life's onward way.
Then where the pure are dwelling,
We'll hope to meet again ;
And sweeter numbers swelling,
Forever praise thy nan-.e.
—[Miss Phillips.
In Paradise.
According to a Mohammedan legend, tet'
animals have been admitted to paradise --
the dog Kratim, the faithful follower of the
seven sleef E h Baba 'e
Dere n p esus ; m ass;
Solomon's ant, Jonah's whale, the ram which
was offered in sacrifice instead of Isaac, the
camel of Saleb, originally created out of a
rock ; the cuckoo Of Belkis, the ox of Moses,
and Alborak, the horse which conveyed
Mohammed to heaven and back again. To
these some add the beast which. the Savior
rod- on his entry to Jerusalem, and the
fait,aful mule which bore the Queen of Sheba
to Jerusalem. When Mary, Queen of Scots,
was sent to the scaffold her little -dog un-
noticed, followed her, and who- her cloak
was laid aside the little annual crept
beneath it, nor could ale induced- to move,
and was finally taken away by force. The
faithfulness of the littlecreature has secured
it a kind of immortality, for no artist of the
last scene in Mary's unfortunate lifer omits
the lapdog, and this act of devotion prob-
ably inspired a recent reviewer to ineluidis.--
it among the ten fortunnate animals admitted
to the Mohammedan petefitts.