HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe East Huron Gazette, 1892-03-24, Page 811,10MT1xRIAL.
Preparing for Spring.
CARE OF LITE STOCK.
Caring for live stock is the first duty of
most farinersaat this season, it being inssa
portant to keep domestic animals in such
good beart that they will enter spring ip a
thrifty condition. There should be no negs::
Islet in either stable, stall, or yard; and
those who have failed to keep their animal
" clean, warm, and well fed will needto take
special pains to carry them through the
winter. Liberal feeding, warmth, and good
care aresessential faders in wintering stock.
Provide ample protection from inclement
weather and good conveniences for feeding
-and`watering. -
Horses need daily exercise, and blanket-
ing when left standing in the cold.
Steady work in winter will not injure a
rnatare horse, provided he be well
fed, groomed, and kept from undue
exposure. When confined in close, warm
stables, horses become tender and subject
to colds, etc. ; hence the necessity of venti-
lation.
Cows due to come in early should have
good shelter and a diet of dry hay, with a
little bran, but no heating food (like corn or
meal) for a few weeks before calving. As
the calves are dropped select the best heifers
for raising. All lice infested animals should
be rulthed over with a mixture of equal parts
Id sweet oil and kerosene.
Sheep need an abundant supply of whole-
some food plenty of pure air, a dry yard,
apd, comfortable sleeping quarters. Pro-
vide warm stables for ewes near lambing
time and give them roots rather than grain.
Remember that early lambs (as well as
calves) are profitable, and see that none are
lost or stunted for lack of timely t.are.
Swine profits depend largely upon breed-
ing and feeding—so see that both these fac-
ha tots are right. Care well for breeding sows
est and give them space for exercise. See that
▪ d store pigs are well housed and fed ; light
and frequent meals best secure thrifty
:growth.
' Poultry pays best when given the best
attention. Look well after the fowls now,
foreggs and broilers will soon bring good
*ices. If you wish an abundant simply of
eggs, keep the hens in warm, dry quarters
give them plenty of both green and dry food,
lime, gravel, and pure water.
SEEDS AND FERTILMEMS.
Good seeds are essential requisites to suc-
cessful farming and gardening, as our fertil-
izers in most localities, and both ought to
be obtained or arranged for this month. The
aim should be to procure the very best of
seeds—pure in qualitygenuine as to variety
and adapted to soil and climate. When seed
is procured from a distance it is advisable to
select carefully from the lists of reputable
dealers. If a change in variety is desired
make i %cautiously, giving preference to well
tested and approved k inds over highly laud-
ed hut uncertain novelties.
A good fertilizer is often needed to make
even the best of seeds produce well, and
those wanting other than stable or barnyard
manure shonld now arrange for a supply;
or, what will be cheaper, purchase the ma-
terials and mix them according to some re-
liable formula—thine being mire of genuine
fertilizer, and avoiding any deception on the
part of manufacturers or dealers. Itis need-
less to add that February is usuallya favor-
able season for hauling muck, plaster, etc.,
or to urge that the matter should receive
the attention of all soil cultivators who re-
quire such factors of fertility.
FARM HANDS.
The hiring of farm help for the season is
now in order and merits thoughtful atten-
tion. The aim should be to secure not only
Industrious and skillful men, but such as
are of good habits, arid kaown totlae trust-
worthy. This -rare coinbiliation Of -qualities
may be difficult to find, but should be
:ought. Whether he needs one or several
men, the farmer who has a family cannot be
too particular as to the moral character of
whoever be employs. The better way is to
ascertain fully as Tto tbe habits and ante-
cedents of each main before engaging him,
end hence it is well to commence looking
for help early in the season. Some farmers
never hire an assistant without an investi-
, gation, eicept in an emergency—such as
ibei.ng short handed in harvest—and hence
ustially'retain help that is competent and
•
--satisfactory, Such a course is wise, and
v orthy of imitation by all desiring the ser-
vices of men who are alike efficient and
trustworthy.
• . TEAMS AND Toms. -
Good teams and the most approved imple
ments are essential factors in farming, and
both should be provided before the busy sea-
son opens. No farmer worthy of the name
will begin his spring work with weak, crow -
bait teams or, old etyle, sbackly machine.
Therefore let t.wOrking.animale be put in
good condition fortheheavy labor -they will
soon be required to perform, and all farm
:machinery -be prepared for use when wanted,
Now, alai, is the time to -purchase or engage
such new tools and implements as may be
needed. Farmers who give these matters
timely attention will be likely to make pro-
agres.s lathe eight direction. -
SHORT -STOP SUGGESTIONS.
Close up the winter's work at the end of
Felearery or early in Mara. "Gather un"
your share of the ice crop. Plan and pre-
pareor pIowingaand planting. Engage
soli* and trustkfarnahelp. Dot down
4attasof ydoin.Layestigatenew amides_
cultUrteada Rase nadlichrub arnmala thin
ear. ride* well after the I ainkrancl. et& eer
Tse plea-it:of 4t,to intatab4e'sand sheds. •
he mother -h 7e4tikthe beeaineithatot, unless
knowkew Winn athet kind. "Get
the best "Iateeds, planOaeand trees. Have
yon obtained catalogues and selected what
you need? Let amateurs try -high-priced
and highly praisednoveltiess-- Vie no infer -
for seeds or fertilizers. tin'purelintsing deal
with priticis rather thiszragents. Resolve
testa a reading, thinking, progressive farmer
Get and Study gond rnral text-bephiii Mita
netmeeting wliereingrrcultutial topics are
-flOte: may
ad mgt&
. chronic -croaker, butwerk
on cheerfully and hotfttity,,:sTinekoWilitz
lailoiisiniareliable., pie ,
,
Prior tothis tin:tithe ewes sh�uWj hkve-
een 0644 Aqtk
ibundance of exercise, and **Aka variety
Ail() sattioefoodatatlihtlerepaited with- a
en uflarlSenfflf,Jirakftr9Whistit
10:*
'4
&thia time approaches'
staluild-
;
it - e e deaddvarini
(atom - if*WIteverallittlei
10
eft-,
Sad eaj aieieteninagon barri or eat-
tleshedbysunpIfirringiaa On the inside
of the studding with any kind of old boards
and filling the vac* thus made with chaff or
sawdust. 'A few poles -May be stretched
across -overhead with some straw ot corn-
stalks thrown upon them to aid in keeping
thenpartment warm. „Care should be taken
to ee-tht hhe'southern or eastern side
the shed two pr three good sized window
Sasheitbe Placed -tin Ordet to let inplenty of
*aim eanlight. .
This suggestion it fer thobenefit of those
Wins mayenOtheible Or do not care to go to
the catcall& of - fiirnieshing an expensive
building with artificial heat for the lambing
rooms. In fact the above described is
about the only sort that is in use at
present at Woodside, and it is found
sufficiently itvarnaind comfortable for any
lambs that are dropped naturally strong.
At times it may be found necessary to take
some weakly lamb into the kitehen and
warm it by: the stove and stimulate it with
a little toddy befere placing it again with
its dam.
In these quarters lambs should be allowed
to remain until they are past a week old
and have accumulated considerable flesh and
strength. They can then be removed to an-
other portion of the shed not quite so se-
curely inclosed, and where they will receive
more exercise. It is a very bad plan to
keep these young lambs confined too closely
on the start; they will take too much .food
in proportion to thee.niount of exercise,and
it will develop the same unhealthy tenden-
cies that are too noticeable airiong young
pigs when too closely confined to the pens
early in the spring.
A very convenient and effective way for
inducing young lambs to take exercise when
closely confined to the barns by inclement
weather -is ter sti ak up two -or three planks or
boards, one end of the plank resting on the
ground and the other on the top of the hay-
rack or any convenient point of support so
that the lambs can take arun up and' down
the planks. It will onlY=he necessary to
place the planks.: the -Iambs will under -
Stand what they are for ihside of twenty -
minutes.
Some Odd Notes,
"What makes off' years in fruit bear-
ing ?" asks a correspondent of the Vermont
State Journal. "The trees are starved to
death, that's more than half that makes' off
years," he answers.
The French have a system of fattening
fowls that produces poultry superior in
quality to that found, as a rule, in any ether
country. There -is a practice of mixing with
the ration certain spices and herbs that give
a most delicious flavor to the flesh. That
highly flavored foods impart some of tbeir
agreeable qualities to flesh is shown in the
ease of such of our own game birds as feed
upon wild celery.
Many a wonderful cow passes her whole
life without her owner knowing what a
prize he has, Simply because he has never
tested her capacity. Two cows with the
seine amount of feed may give the same
amount of dairy product, when if you in.
crease the feed, one will respond by an in-
creased product, while the other will not.
The one has reached her limit, while the
other has not, and the careless feeder will
continually be throwing away his feed on a
cow of small natural capacity. It is not
necessary or perhaps profitable to feed con-
tinually to the highest limit of the cow, but
each cow in the herd should be known by
actual test.
An old very observant farmer once told
me to plant very few potatoes when the
seed cost $1 a bushel in the spring; that
they would be very gasp in the fall. I
have found this to be practically true.
When pota.toes are very high-priced in the
spring many get very enthusiastic about
potatoes; an unusually large area is pre-
pared, and prviarechninsually well, and the
plants are given extra good cultivation;
the result is that there is a very large crop,
potatoes are very cheap, and the next spring
no one wants to raise potatoes at such prices.
Result: Few planted, a short crop, and high
prices. Thee fluctuations are scarcely, if
any, less marked in 'some other crops. We
had an 'unusually good yield of wheat this
year that promised to bring a fair price.
The result was that many farmers were anx-
ious to sow an unueually large area of wheat,
and would have clones° had -not the draught
preventedthent. - This, the chances are, was
really fortunate ; for if all the breadth de-
sired had been put in wheat, a good yield
would have of course, been equally unprofit-
able. It was well that the drought enforc-
ed conservatism- attwheat sowing time.—
[John Stahl ha Wintry Gentleman. -
M Girard, a French experimenter, believ-
es that with good cultivation and suitable
manures all soils can be fitted for the culti-
vation of the potato, but he nevertheless
lays considerable stress on the necessity of
taking intoniecounathe natural fertility. On
the preparation of the; soil he sums up the
question by -saying that intensive cultivation
of potatoes cannotbe followed except by
deep cultivation, and he recommended the
soil to be worked to a depth of 14 inches at
least. °Peleo*. between the plants is given
as about the proper distance along the rows.
Early planting is important.
The Strange Freak of a young Lady -
Shortly before nine o'clock on Friday night
"Mri'Bridger, of the Great Western Railway
Gloucester (Eng.) received a wire from Mr.
Evanson, handed Wat Shrewsbury, to the
effect that his sistesIthe young lady who
'left lier„clothing in *gailWay 44,*.tiage near
Qloneester, and dreSsid in ahoy's suit, was
Overtaken and iwastinffe. 'f -After a fruitless
journeyato Monmenith mf Thursday night,
Mr. E•daitson, it seilifi; went on to Hereford,
where, after inquiries, he discovered that
she had slept there on Wednesday night.
The landlady of the coffee tavern where she
stayedwa.siquiteeeertaiii as to her identity,
althouglithe you4lagiwas attired in boy's
clothing, which the police have found had
been purchased at Gloucester early on Wed-
aesdey afterneeri, Mi tta Evaespprreatiarking
it the time that She- requited them for
,eharity, Sheario viiitedalecalhairrdiestaer
41-,uctsfinte' askinialtod,theitarOkyt-dernand-
ing that her hair should be cut 'Short. On
Awing...remonstrated with, she replied that
herthead was bad,and that a Reading lady
bakadviSedheili-Olavejityhalr„cht. After
-brttitlein
a(lisi*etibkthl'A%711-iliaglitsinhe hadHereford,booked
t
heor
Alireivibuii, evidently with the idea of
ireaeliingLiveitpooL Since a child,it appears,
she bas been imbued with the idea of go-
ingto se‘andeoineyea:48,449 oihe.:attempt-
ea_ similar freak tethat-wifich she has just
fvtietlea r
-
The OP
2r-
" De 1--bayt to Stickribrai stanv hee n137-
Efelfl'?-aiked a, dude of itt the Post
_
er4-411,-eaa one
OA*.
eftli " You
it re
InVil*etcfee.- a ire se and besides,
t
e - , tonere not first -
0*.e
AlkW,
- • •
ealtattitfer 'ordinary
QUEER FAOTB ABOUT RATS -
Their Wonderful Tails—Their Fine Judg-
ment as to Ivory—Rats with Trumpets.
A rat's tail -is a wonderful thing. The
great naturalist, Olivier, says that there are
more muscles in this curious appendage than
are to be found in that part of the human
anatomy which is most admired for its in-
genious structure—namely, the hand. To
the rat, in fact, its tail serves as a sort of
hand, by means of which, the animal is en-
abled to crawl along narrow ledges, using it
to balance with or gain a hold. It is pre-
hensile, like the tailsof some monkeys. By
means of it the little beast can jump up
heights otherwise inaccessible, employing it
as a projectile spring.
It has often been said that the glove -
makers' of Paris make use h1 their tiade'of
the skins of rats that are caught in the sew-
ers, but this has been , denied. Certainly
the material would not be strong enough
successfully to: counterfeit the kid, unless it
were for thumb part only, which is general-
ly of a thinner and different kind cf leather
from the rest.
Suggestion has been made that a trade
might be opened with the Chinese for the
skins of the rats which they_eat.
A thrifty Welshman at one time exhibited
himself publicly in England attired in a cos-
tume composed from top to toe ef rat skins,
which he had spent three years and a half
in collecting. The dress was made entirely
by himself. It consisted of hat, neckerchiefr
coat, waistcoat, trousers, tippet, gaiters,
and shoes. The nutnber or rats required to
complete the suit was 570. Most curious of
the garments was the tippet, composed en-
tirely of rat tails.
At one time a batch of several thousand -
rat skins was imported from France into
England for manufacturing purposes but
they were found too small and too fine m
texture to be useful.
Dr. Buckland says that many of the ele-
phants' tusks brought to London for the use
of workers in ivory are observed to have
their surfaces grooved into smallfurrows of
unequal depth, as though cut out by a very
sharp -edged instrument. This is done by
rats, which are fond of the gelatine or ani-
mal glue in the substance. The, ivory cutter
selects for his purposes by preference those
tusks which have been gnawed in this way,
because they are the ones which contain the
most gelatine and are therefote the best in
material.
Curiously enough the trade, while giving
this much teeognition -to the rats' work, has
not recognized him as the author of it, the
common belief in the business being that
the ivory has been thus gnawed by alligators.
How it is imagined that alligators get a
chance to chew elephants' tusks is a prob-
lem.
Rats are remarkably intelligent animals,
as may be perceived from the difficulty that
is experienced in catching them. They cap
be taught many tricks. _Among other things
it is possible .to make them learn how to
beg, to temp through a hoop, to drag -a
little cart in harness, and to carry sticks or
money.
Rats have never found favor as a delicacy
for the table in Europe or in this country,
but in many lands they are relished as an
article of diet. The negro slaves in Jamaica
used to regard them as a dainty, their
masters not providing them with any other
meat. Their method of cooking the tooth-
some rodents was to impale each one on a
long wooden skewer, after cleaning the ani-
mal and cutting off the tail, turtling it brisk-
ly round over the fire until the hair was all
burned off. Then it was scraped until it
was free from fur, and finally the end of the
skewer was stuck into the ground, inclined
toward the fire until it was toasted dry and
crisp, thus being made ready for the meal.
Rats may commonly be seen for sale in
the markets of any Chinese town, split and
pressed under a heavy weight, so as to look
somewhat like dried fish.' In this shape the
pig -tailed Oriental buys them, soaks them
in water, and then boils, roasts, or fries
them.
When the French zouaves were first in
Africa a new sort of rat made its appearance
there. It was called the "trumpet rat,"
having a long proboscis. The sale of a
specimen by one of the soldiers to an enthu-
siastic naturalist gave rise to an action at
law. Said the plaintiff in court:
"This Zouave has cheated me out of 100
francs. He knows that 1 am much interest-
ed in natural sciences. 1 have collections
of fossils, of shells, of rare animals, of curi-
ous plants. One day hecalled upon me and
said: Sir, I have a kind of animal which
has never been mentioned by any naturalist.
Itis a trumpet rat, and has a trunk like an
elephant's. It is alive and wellif you wish
to see it you have only to come to my
house."
"1 was very anxious to behold this strange
animal. We arrived at his house, and he
showed me inn -cage au enormous rat, Vert
lively and in good condition, which really
had on its nose a slender execrescepee more
than an inch in length. - The exechescenee
was covered with hair like the body of -the
animal, with vertebra in it, and (a. most ex-
traordinary' tilieg) larger at the summit
than at the base—the contrery to what it
ought to be in the usual course of things.
To convince myself that it was not a lupe
and a mystification I stuck a pin into the
trumpet. The animal cried out, and a drop
of blood came from the prick. The experi-
ment was conclusive. It was really a
trmnpet, forming part of the rat.
" I was amazed. I asked this man if he
would sell his rat. He said yes, and I paid
50 francs for it. My friends and servants
all admired it, and I was enchanted. My
rat was a male, some one said to me that
I ought to procure a female. I asked the
zouave if he could procure me a female and
he said he had t*o. I saw thern and bought
one of them 50 francs. Some months after
the female had young. I locked at them
and they had no trumpets. 1 said to myself,
they will sprout." I waited one month,
two months, six months. Every day I look-
ed at the noses of the rats, but the trumpets
ne,v,elar a
au
pphTrseed.where I go frequently I made
the acquaintance of an officer who had
served a long time in Africa. I told him
about my trumpet rats, and he laughed as
though his sides would split. When he was
lm again he told me that the trumpet was
not a freak of nature, but an invention due
to the leisure momenta of the Zouaves. This
to
is ,h,oywotuhtae
a board, the nose of one close to the tail
theymake
?wee them:rata
and fasten their paws
of the other. Then with a penknife or a
lancet you make an incision into the nose of
the rat which is hindermost and graft the
tail of the first into the _nose; you tie firmly
the muzzle to the tail and you leave the two
rats in this position for forty-eight hours.
At the end of that time the union has taken
place and the rats are grown together; then
you cut off the tail of theisrat ' which is in
the front to the required length and let
them go, but still keep the other fastened
to the boa,rd, with his head loose, and give
him something to eat: At the end of a
fortnight 'the -wound is' perfectly beide&
and the eye of the /optima investigator
would not see sr- tinee of the grafting.
This is the way the zonaves make rats with
trumpets." -
On the part of the defendant it was urged
that he had certainly made up the rat as
stated, but he affirmed that be had not
sold them to the plaintiff as having been
" born " with trumpets. Verdict for the
zouave.
Rats cause great annoyance on board of
ships. Dr. Kane said that if asked what,
after darkness, cold, and scurvy, were the
three besetting curses -lit his arctic sojourn,
he would say rats, rats, rats. Nevertheless.
when indistress for other food, he was very
glad to eat the pests. He writes ;
"Through the long winter nights Hans
used to beguile his lonely hours by shooting
rats with bow and arrow. The repugnance
of my associates to share with me this table
luxury gaye me frequent advantage of fresh
meat soup, which contributed no doubt to
my comparative immunity from scurvy."
Again he writes: "Our diet will be only
a stock of meatbiscuit, to which I shall add
fer myself a few rats chopped up and frozen
into tallow balls."
Bookkeeping for Farmers.
if a farmer wishes to keep books only suf-
ficient to show which way he is annually
drifting, he can do it with very little book-
keeping. Just let ham keep track of what
he owes and what others owe him. At the
openifig of the year let him take an inven-
tory of his possessions. Place these items
of property with amount of cash on hand
and and all sums due him on one side of the
page, and place all he owes on the other
side. Strike a balance, and the difference
will show how much he is worth. Let hint
do exactly the same thing at the close of the
vear. -rhen a comparison of the two balance
items will show how much he has lost or
gained.
The yearly balance -sheet alone will give
that much information, and its annual story
is of'the greatest importance to those con-
cerned; yet it can not answer the question
-"Does farming pay ?" with any satisfac-
tory degree of accuracy. For instance, a
man may run a business which does not
fairly pay, and yet through great economy,
over-exertion,and various sacrifices crowd
himself a lit -1e ahead every year. On the
other hand it very frequently occurs that
the one with a well -paying business, through
extravagant expenditures, outside losses,
accidents, much sickness in family, or an
innumerablevariety of causes is compelled
to close the year poorer than he began it
It seems te me that this is an importantfact
for that farmer to bear in mind. How he
may come out at the close of the year is no
fair indication how much the farm has done
for him as compared with what he has done
for it, and that is the gist of the query in
hand.
In order to determine just how well the
farm pays one must keep a book of purely
farm accounts. It may be done in a single
book for that matter, but it must contain all
the purchases and all the sales, whether cash
or credit.- Begiii with the debtor page and
write the present value of farm, stock, hay,
grain, implements, etc. As the year ad-
vances place all the farm expenditures on
this page. On the credit page place all the
incomes from the farm during the year. .At
the close of the year take an inventory and
place on- the credit page the newly estimated
value of farm, stock, implements, etc. Now
the difference between the sums of these
debit and credit columns will give a full and
strictly reliable result showing the profit or
loss for the year. Here will be a result for
which the farm or its management must
stand responsible.
It is an excellent plan to keep an account
of household and miscellaneous expendi-
tures, but I would keep such account in a
separate book—on different pages—and
not mix them with the farm accounts. They
can then tell their story, annually, or as
often as you consult them and their pre-
sence in the book will add much to its
value.
Mr. Dunham says that the gliss ot beer
and other foolish expenditures must go on
the book, and I heartily agree with him.
Only I do protest against their being placed
among the farm items'there to cancel their
cost value of pure, clean, God-given pro-
ducts from nature's bosom. Let the beer
bill have Re own column, by all means, and
write the figures plain and clean. It alone
might solve the problem for an occasional
farmer and show wherein his farming ap-
parently fails to pay.
If
The Necessity of Obedience.
W hen we refuse to obey a command we
refuse to do what the Lord hiniself com-
mands. We are to act rightly because Jesus
commands as, and we love to do his plea-
sure; there can be no friendship without
this. Oh for grace to serve the Lord with
gladness. To close this first point, it ap-
pears that our Lord would have us obey him
out of a friendiy spirit. Obedience to Christ
as if we were forced to doit under.pains and
penalties would he of no worth as a proof of
friendiship ; every one can see that. He
speaks not of slaves, but of friends: he
would not have us perform duties from fear
of punishment or love of reward; that
which he can accept of his friends must be
the fruit of love. His will must be our law
because his person is our delight. Some
pi ofessors need to be whipped to their du-
ties; they must hear stirring sermons, and
attend exciting meetings, and live under
pressure; but those who are Christ's friends
need in spur but love. 'The love of Christ
constraineth us.' When duty becomede-
light and precepts are as sweet as promises,
then are we Christ's friends, and Jot till
then."—[Rev. Charles Spurgeon.
Spends One day in Bed.
A fanious English beauty, Lady London-
derry, has a peculier and successfully system
for keeping her youthful freshness. Al-
thougb she is perfectly well she lies in bed
one day in tem sleeping in the morning of
this day of rest until she wakens naturally.
After a hot bath and a light_ breakfast she
goee back to bed and rests quietly in aidark-
ened room until 6 o'clock, when she dresseet
in a peignoir, dines in her room, and shit
about idly until 10 o'clock, when she goes:
to bed again. No social evept is ecnsideredi
of Sufficient importance to cause the lady tr
give up this periodical retirement from the
hurry and excitement of modernliving -
Equine Affection:
A story of a remarkable instance of
equine friendship comes from Portland.
One of a pair of horses belonging to the
horse -railroad company was Bald, _ where- -
upon his mate, a blind hope, refuSed to be.
comforted and so pined away that the
general manager Went to the new owner of
the other steed and asked for a loan of the
animal for a visit to the suable. As SOOD--SS
this horse was put in his old stall the blind.
'horse showed signs of great delight anent
-once began to receiver his appetite and bis
health. The owner -of the other horse, lee,
ing the love of the blind one for his frieti
-bought him, too; 'and now drives doWn-to
witha Span. _ -
OHM ESE P211 ISHMEN TS.
The Crirainal Gets Little Favor and Ills
Trail is Not Delayed.
According to Chinese papers, the execu-
tdoner's.sword has been busy in the Flowery
Kingdom lately in order to frighten would
be conspirators from engaging in the rebel-
lion which has broken out against the reign-
ing dynasty. A recent issue of the Ostasia-
titcher Lloyd contains a vivid description
of the manner of administering Chinese jus-
tice in the cases of political criminals.
Before the end of the present uprising
many men, in all probability, will suffer
death at the bands of the State, for daring
to oppose the government of his Imperial
Majesty.
" When a person," says the newspaper,
'is taken prisoner, charged with treason or
rebellious conduct, he is bland in chains
and placed in what is called a prisoner's
cage—' Tsch'in lung'—and carried to the
office of the nearest district judge. During
the transport his tortures depend in great
part upon the will of the guards, as they
may remove the chains, give him good and
wholesome food, and allow hina to sit down
or he down in his cage. In case the prison-
er be disobedient, or if his crime be thought
especially heinous, both hands and feet are
loaded with chains, and he is allowed only
sufficient food to keep him alive for future
torments.
it is seldom that any one who appears
in a criminal court in such a cage is allowed
to go free, although he is always treated in
a fashion that inspires him with hepe. As
soon as he enters the gates of the court-
house the guards deliver him to the assisp-
ants of the judge before whom he is to be
tried. They take him from the cage and
conduct him to an inner hall containing a
table, upon which are tempting viands and
intoxicating drinks. The assistants invite
him to eat, drink, and be merry, and com-
mand the waiters to do his every bidding.
The invitation is accompanied by the gate-
keeper's congratulations upon the man's
safe arrival at his destination, as well as
EXPRESSIONS OF REGARD
for his welfare. If the prisoner has hops of
future freedom he often eats a hearty meal,
hut if he has no such outlook he usually
begs permission to rest awhile. After a few
hours he is againapproached byone of theas-
sistants who received him upon his arrival.
The assistant's lieutenants again place
chains upon the prisoner and take him be-
fore the judge.
"In time of peace no sentence of death
can be executed without three trials or
judicial examinations. The fix st is held be-
fore the district judge, the second before
the ?refect, and the third before the pro-
vincial judge or the Governor of the pro-
vince to which the criminal belongs. As
soon as the sentence of death has been pro-
nounced for the third time by the third and
last judge the crimminal is incarcerated an ti
chained by the feet to the flocs uf -the
prison. Thus he remains to the day of his
execution.
"The number of days, weeks, or months
which intervene between the sentence and
its execution -depends upon the season. Ac-
cording toThinese law criminals in time of
peace can be executed only during the third
month of autumn. If a man is sentenced to
death in September he must be beheaded
before Nov; 30 ; if in November, the execu-
tion is immediate, but if the sentence is
made in December he remains in prison un-
til the following autumn. In the days of
rebellion or sedition, as at present, this law
is inactive, and the doomed man can be dis-
posed of at once.
"When the day of execution arrives the
judge visits the prisoner sad orders his
chains removed, An elaborate dinner is
spread for hint and he is invited to all that
he wishes. This 'execution meal' has vari-
ous significations. It is intended to prove
that the headsman is not unfriendly to the
criminal, and is only the tool of the supreme
power. It is also looked upon as a viaticum
to facilitate the entrance of the spirit to the
invisible world; the
isver WORDS OF THE HEADSMAN
to the criminal being: Eat until thou art
satisfied, that thou mayst appear in hades
as a shade well nourished." The Chinese
also believe that the meal prevents the re-
appearance of the dead in this world as a
hungry spirit.
"After the meal the hands of the criminal
are fastened behind his back. Fastened to his
back is also a light pole, eight or ten feet
long, bearing a small white flag with the
name of the doomed man and his crime in
black or red colors. The end of the flag
falls upon the criminal's head. Thus cap-
arisoned he is led or carried in a basket to
the place of execution, a large open field be-
yond the city wails, and as near the north
gate as possible.
"As soon as the procession with the pris-
oner arrives at its destinaticn the criminal
is taken to the center of the field. Guards
and assistants surround him and coinmand
hirr to fall upon his knees. The headsman
approaches the doomed matt from behind,
removes the flag, and strikes the fatal blow
which severs the head from the body. The
officers then disperse.
" In cases where the beheadee man has
committed no crime against the State his
relatives can claim the body. .As a rule, a
shoemaker is present to sew the head to
the body, and to prepare it for burial by
the kinsmen. But this favor is never ac-
corded to political criminals. The bodies
of such men are thrown into a hole, or opea
grave, where they become the prey of birds
and beasts. The heads are placed in bas-
kets, a,nd,later spiked upon long poles. In
that condition they are planted at the west
or north gate of the city, to serve as warn-
ingstoa11 :nen who think of rebelling
in
agast the mild rule of the Son of
Heaven."
MDGE WETMORE DB2U.).
One ofthe IlrIghtest Legal Lights of the
Dominion Called AwaY•
Joan, N. B., March 10.—Judge Wet-
-more of the Supreme 'Court, died this
morning; 'aged 71. Before his appointment
he wits 'perhaps the foremost nisi prius law-
yercin thetproYince. Judge Wetmore was
eleeted to the Legislature as an anti -con-
federate its 1865, and helped to overthrow
the :TillesaMitchel Government. He - was
�ne of the many members who soon chang-
ed thekardads.and accepted confederation.
-He attas elected as a confederate in 1866, and
aler copfederation became the _first Premier
and Attpialey General of the province. He
Nvie.-41-104. to the bench in 1879. Judge
Wetniere's'kr-andfather was one Of the first
-jutIgesi ofithieproVince. His father, at the
Conimenrenient -of a brilliant career, was
.101141kin-7.41itel. His son was leader of
the _.-ItroVile—it.1 Opposition, and is new a
judgo ni the Nerth-west provinces.
What She Wanted-
--" I want to buy some
".ant-youi
t to wantwaht me
0—i"wDn
*Avid.
HOW TAME HA11-10- OBTAINED
Much of it Comes rro e -As a rrela •
raris.
The best hair comes from France, where
it is sold by the gramme at _prices which
vary according to quality and color. the
most expensive false tair is the silver white
variety, which is in great demand and very
difficult to find. This is due to the fact that
men grow bald in a majority of cases before
their hair reaches the silver white stage,
and women, whether bald or not, are not
disposed to sell their white hair at any
price. They need it themselves.
Still women growing bald must have
white hair to match the scant allowance ad-
vancing age has left them. rhe chemists
have taken the matter in hand and are able
to produce by ciecoloration of hair of any
color a tolerable grade of whito hair, which,
however, has a bluish tint not at all ap-
proaching in beauty the silvery softness of
hair which has been bleached by nature.
False hair of the ordinary shades is ob-
tained in two -vays. The better and more
expensive kind is out directly from the
heads of peasant women, who sell their
silken tresses sometimes for a mere song
and sometimes for a fair price, according as
they have learned wisdom. Every year the
whole territory of France is traveled over
by men whose business it is to persuade
village maidens, their mothers and their
aunts to part with their hair for financial
considerations.
These men are known as "cutters," and
there are at least 500 of them in the country
always going from house to house, from
farm to farm and through all the villages
in all the department, seeking subjects for
their scissors. A good cutter averages from
two to five heads of hair a day, and he
pays from 2f. to 10f. for each. It is estima-
ted that a single head of luxuriant growth
weighs about a pound.
The false hair thus obtained—at the cost
of the tears and regrets of many foolish
maidens—is the f a ,st in the market, and
sells for an exaggerated price, which puts it
beyond the reach of the ordinary purchaser.
Besides, it is evident that the supply of
genuine "cutting" must fall far short of
the demand for false hair. So the majority
of this wavy merchandise is obtained—yes,
ladies, I am exceedingly sorry, but it is the
fact—from the rag pickers. These busy
searchers of ash heaps and garbage barrels
collect every day in the city of Paris alone
at least 100 pounds of hair which some hun-
dreds of thousands of women have combed
out of their heads during the preceding
twenty-four hours. The hair all mixed to-
gether and soiled, one would think, beyond
redemption, is sold to nair cleaners at from
$2 to $1.50 a pound, which shows simply
that the fair sex in one city alone grows an-
nually about 300,0001. worth of hair, for
which theyafterwardpay—and it is the same
hair, mind—considerably over 1,000,000f.
The cleaning of this refuse hair is an oper-
ation which requires careful attention. After
the hair has been freed from the dust
and dirt and mud and other unpleasant
things with which it has come in contact in
gutters and slop buckets it is rubbed in
sawdust until it shines once more with its
pristine gloss and then the process of sorting
is begun, in the first place skilled hands
fix the individual hairs in frames, with the -
roots all pointing the same way, 3.-nd then
they are arranged according to color. Finally
when a sufficient number of hairs of one
color have been obtained—nor is this rum -
her so immense as is generally supposed—
they are made into the beautiful braids -
which are shown so seductively in the win-
dows of the fashionable coiffeurs. If, as the
good book says, wisdom goes with hair, she
who places on her head one of these conglo-
merate braids might be said to receive a
portion of the wisdom of hundreds of thou-
sands of other women who had worn those
hairs before her.
It is said that the "cutters" in France
have plied their trade so industriously that
at present it is hardly possible in the whole
republic to find a women who will sell her
hair. The business has been done to death,
and now the enterprising dealers in false
hair are sending their representatives
through Switzerland, Belgium, and Norway
canvassing for unsophisticated lasses who
will allow themselves to be robbed of their
hair, which is half of their beauty, for a few
pieces of silver.
THIS HAPPENED 1N TIUNIDAD.
Eggs That a Snake Had Swallowed Were
Hatched into Chickens Afterward.
"Some time ago Mr. Anderson, the pro-
prietor of the tobacco plantation of Chsapi-
annas, on the island of Trindad, was annoy-
ed by being deprived of his usual breakfast
egg day after day," an ophidologist remark-
ed, beginning a story. "The loss was the
cause of consideration disturbance, for the
cook, a corpulent negro, had hinted her sus-
picions that it was owing the thievery of
Bibarri, the Hinder. butler. The latter, on
a hint from a visitor, had constructed an
ingenious nest to beguile hen into layiug
three or four eggs a day, and he had been
more than usually attentive to everyeackle,
but instead of three eggs every day not an
egg could be found, although the hen ca.ck-
itehde"Msaesrr.vuAasnuntadsle'recrimination was loud and bit-
rson was displeased, andamong
ter. Biharri watched the cook and the
cook watched Biharri, while the housemaid
and the stable boy watched both, and were
watched in turn. A little apart from the
other buildings is the stable. In lurking
places there Mr. Anderson, as ills rode into
the yard one day, found the cook, the -house-
maid, the stable boy, and Biharri. Each
held up a band in mute appeal not to come
nearer, while the cook in a stage whisper
explained that the hen was on the nest
Presently the joyous hen flew forth, cackling
louder than ever. The watchers rashed
from their hiding places, crowded around
the nest, and plunged theirhands in to grab
the prize. As they did so an enormous
snake shot out, and while screatilitig in chor-
us they rushed for the door. The cook fell
overthesnalta, Biharri fell over the cook, and
the stable boy and housemaid trick refuge
in the kitchen. Mr. Anderson jumped from
his horse and with his riding whip stretched
the snake dead by a hlow on the head.
"Then t'he servants Rathered round the
dead -thief, and Biharri's wore the tri-
um1Phdouanttinhisifi,.
nian_knnfnnepelpYinpedin na
pulethteeetaree,
and nine fine eggs rolled ont front the caipa-
cious stomach., They were inariied and
placed Under a hen. Three -weeks after -
Ward the incubation was finished and six
young chickens burst their' Shelia The
other three eggs -were --unproductive; owing
perhaps to their longer eiposure to the se -
tion of the powerful gastric juices of the
snake. The snake wivathecribo,
as the devourerof the young -of the- deadly
fer de lance.:::80nsi:::trv.
Jack —How did Miter Fite tante' faisal
tiaxeleaseher? -• -
Harry -The last time I d tlieitIier --
mother baked a delicious- eneton_piOindr.'
asked her if she got it Iros.lai
14
stand
Conde lie_
My only defence
That you'll jus
For remember 1
dark.
Though forme
Ele will fall man
last
In the sanshin
o Fm boklene
• fair.,
And give you
That for the -pa
I ant ready to
You say that th
Must be brave
C answer that •,1
Must be a typ
You say that ya
A very prince
look for a kini
And not for a
Tou require "a
things tha
IAIK for a wom
And that is su
You ask for a rn
To live with h
1 ask for a worn
For by faults
1 ask for a worn
A higher for
His comforter,
As in the o,-ig
A woman who
Who finds life
Who makes th
And for other
I will not requil
In these lines
I only pray that
That God can
For your heart,
Are sacred th,
Ano "Ili stake
Who tever'I ot
BEATS
One Prisoner
Jailland As
Tairnk4
BB.ocKv rr,t,r ,
stranger, recoil
egainet a youn
caped from jail'
Before lea.vin
blankets of his
and fastened t
could reach froi
When taken
hold of this rop
hand to the tor
He is still at las
Saturday mc
Eaton, under
burglary, attac
a piece of the h
the turnkey opi
Eaton struck
the head, infis
Downey close(
kept on saikin
piece of iron, it
_ A prisoner na
cries came to
prisoner.
Dovoney's we
Dr. Moore. III
his condition is
After Eaten
and handc-uffed
a rope made of
A rope was al
In his cell made
The St
At Heliopolis
and the schools.
"because the t
znost accomplish
Straho came hitl
the house which
here learned "
ians." Papyri e
-of obelisks."
carried to Alexa
set up before the
to one authority
Cleopatra; in ai
acquired the lie
and though the
peered; they
been placed—or
until, in recent
to London and
One recites all
to bring up
tions which re,
mind as one star
column rising a
Heliopolis. No
in days which
which are the jt
man history ; yet
polished this gra
inscription; ages
sort must have a
- with the Central
backward in an
dates real. "Ho
ed with the desi
to ourselves.
articles de Paris
later.", But re
rpliling the r's)
agnitation WLII n
stupidity by su
- teaction, perha
logy and Darw
take breath.
1 •
ill-ie
Very
s *ate, which he
An ingenious
purglai-proaf. T
1 -Of the fact, he p
i.:ket, had himself 1
liberabl supply o
epithet into the rive
est -ye the the moue,
tamed the door.
_ .411 the blacksna
tir.1am in town h
ang, and heating a
etssadth every kind el
Imre known to seiei
ett
Re has 4 -whisper
iat. he will make will -only let
-Inte
tartirent:ee rY4°codn. ceci2rnYearstwihal-1
itt'the iirancn be&
-49its are to be xrta
:keyhole s. dreproo
ventor while the
un
k�b
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evv-.4,
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