Loading...
The Huron Expositor, 1919-12-05, Page 6• . - • 6 17-tTrtre" , 4,72, 7 1 ',.!1 -m -4"1,10.4'.'",:',"--,1"7.,V!--"" • "!"•'-'''''r1,7‘7,---;1-',' • TIIII BI.,71t4i14 FAXPOSITC1R '4011100.01**4*4404? 0.0•:-.4••,f ff. THE SALVATION ARMY REFORMS TRIBES While many volumes have been *Wished dealing with crime and criminals throughout the greater part of Europe and America,very little has been said on this subject .with re- - gard to India. Few people have any %inceptioa of the work done In India to reform the many outeast tribes . of hereditary criminals, who for years past have been the despair of the police and public autherities in that country. Throughout the IndianeEne- pire, in some provinces more than in others, many outcast tribes are fund, some as despised settlers on. the out- skirts of villages, ostensibly earn- ing a livelihood by the lowest forms of menial labor; some as nomads liv- ing nominally by the sale of live 'stock (generally pilfered to be sold), by exhibitions of dancing and rough 11111ge, and sometimes admittedly by the prostitution of their women, In many of these tribes the individuals are ;professional thieves. 'Some of these criminal races are Righest cash prices paid for Skunk, Raccoon and MInk ° Enquiries promptly answered_ ROSS LIMITED MANUFACTURERS Established 1895 ONT. LIFT CORNS OR , CALLUSES OFF' • Doesn't hurt! Lift any corn or callus off with fingers Don't suffer! fA. tiny bottle of Treezone costs but a few cents at any crug• store. Apply a few drops on the corns, calluses a.nd "hard. skin on bot- tom of feet, then lift them off. When Freezone removes corns from the toes or calluses from the bottom of feet, the skin beneath is left pink and healthy and never sore, tender or irritated. believed to be „pure deecendaets of I the ` aborightee of India, driven Out of their f&mer heritage by a suc- cession of invading races, awl. now , regarded as So uneleae that they . are not suffered to drink •of the ',setae pool as their superiors. Others, not, ably the Doms, have been declared by ethnolegiste to show traces it !wig! nage and cuStores Of a. clear Connecs ton with the gipsy tribes of Europe and Western Asia. Whether through I tendencies inherited fromegeneratiohs I of vagrant ancestors., .or -from ecoet- oniic causes brought about by their caste degradation, these people have now adoptedierune as the easiest way open to them for earning sufficient for the sustenance of life; iui fact crime is with thens a social and re- ligimie obligation. Among them' a young man is not considered eligible for marriage until he has committed a successful. burglary, and the gods of the tribe are wordiipped and pro- pitiated to secure their assistanee in all criminsiil enterprises: The law up to 1911 furnished the police with no means of dealing with these people other than by the com- mon procedure of arrest, conviction and imprisonment, when crime could be brought home to them, says et • correspondent to the London Times. From time to time spasmodic ef- forts to reform had been rnade itt the way of -agricultural settlements, but these, generally controlled by police agency, were entirely lacking in the moral influences that are so essential to reform .as distinguished. from mere 'punishment. .They were not even effective as deterents, as the immediate control being in the hands of ill -paid and -often illiterate subordinhtes of the police- _depart- ) merits, eecapes and absences were I frequently "connived at. Prison life , was too comfortable in -comparison. 'with their existence outside to Pee- ' sent any real terrors to these peo- ple, anti was far from conducive to any improvement of character. • In 1911 the Government of India pass- ed an Act known as the Criminal • Tribes Act, which furnished the local t Governments with powers to registee the members and restrict the movements of gangs and tribes ha- bitually addicted to the commission of crime against property-, and, with the sanction -of the Government of India, to confine such gangs and tribes to settlements but the difficulty of finding suitable agency for the control of such settlements still presented it- self.t Sir John Hewett, Lieutenant -Gov- ernor of- the United. Provinces, invit- ed the assistance 'of , the Salvation Army in an endeavor to cope with the criminal element. An initial experiment was tried. with the Donis at Gorak-phur. These people, wild, truculent and intractable,at first refused V) work and sometimes treated the officers with open de- fianct . and violence. They would sit about sulking and wa!tch .for the earliest opportunity to escape, in which they frequently succeeded., for the Salvation. Army works on. a system of winning by persuasion rather than force, and in some cases three-fourths of the inmates of a settlement have been known to scale the wells and decamp during the night. It is the work of the, police to pursue and bring them back, and the Act provides for imprisonment as a punishment for • escape. On release front goal- they are again taken to the settlement, and while many renew their efforts to escape, the majority graduhlly begin to see that the comparative liberty and kind treatment they enjoY in• the settlement is preferable to. the hunt- ed life after escape And the almost inevitable re?apture and imprison - Ment. The nature of employment given to the inmates varies in the different settlements. Agriculture, basket and mat making, sericulture and hand loom weaving are the principal in- dustries. The rates of pay vary ac- cording to the ordinary labor rates •of the district. • In the settlenientsat Saidpur, where the Karwai Nuts, a partitularly low and intractable mei tribeehad been brought under control, some _of. the settlers are earning as • Much as -three and a half to four enpees veek, which brings the e4ges of a steady worker up to considerably more than their enemies, the police are paid by the Government. Many offieers4who were at. firstinclined to regard the methods "'practised by the Salvation Army in dealing with these criminals as impracticable, have changed their opinions, and are now convinced that the extension 'of the Scheme to every gang and tribe of ! Aestriall railrc•ad in Texas has sup - professional .criminals will prove a .planted its steam locomotives by gear - solution that has baffled the peliceand ing six Cylinder automobile motors to Gavernment since Britain's ' adminis- the wheels of several box cars. tration of India first began. • A college will be established in One of the two telephone companies • serving Philadelphia and its suburbs y will install; automatic equipment through* ite system. The INitniSh gevernment is planning • to erect it, wireless station at Copen- hagen for direct communication with the -Vetted States. ;- Everything' needed by chamber- in.aids in their work can be carried on a rubber tired truck designed for hotels and apartment buildings. Building materials are tested for hardness in an ,European institute by subjectieg,them to a sand blast at a pressure of tWo atmospheres. i NEW -EST NOTES OF SCIENCE About four per cent. of children are left handed from birth. The manufacture of caffeine froth tea dust is increasing in Japan. • Injectiots of turpentine can be us- ed t�; preserve wood from insects. German „experimenters are trying out electrical machinery for cutting • peat. An efficiency of eighty-three per cent. is clairned for a new motor fire engine with a rotary pump. About ninety-five per cent. of the motion pictures shown in British India are American productions. , A patent has been granted; to a Chicago men foe a tennis racket 13ress that also serves as a cover. •"Light and power are supplied to• 166 surrounding villages from a single central station in Germany. • It has been estimated that the world's nut trees could supply nourish- ment te its entire population. A Frenchman is the inventor of a device to, be clamped to the edge of a table to hold playing cards. Electric bulbs lighted from a dry batterii form animal's heads on a re- cently patented muff for women. A hydraulic brake for motor ve- hicles which acts upon all four 1,i/hee1s at once is ,an English invention., Apparatus that feassages women's throats" with sprays of water to im- prove their contour has been invented. Alcohol is being made from calcium carbide at a rate of abOut 12,000,000 gallons a year at a Swiss plant. Numerousadvantages are elainied for a recently patented watch that has a clamp to fasten 'it to a tele- phone. An electrical method for quickly de- tecting counterfeit coins has been in- vented by a mint official in India. An extension seat, fastened. to the running gear, :features a new baby carriage to permit an attendant to rest. London boasts of having the world's. smallest violin, a perfect instrument, but 2% inches long. - Extensions that can be attached to the pedals of any piano have been invented for the use of youthful musi- cians. An axial mail service soon Will be started between two important coast towns in the Congo, seaplanes being used. • Slightly raising and. -lowering a user's heel actuates gearing that pro- pells a roller skate inventecl by two Oregon men. - China to tea& the nativei scientific tea UM al i 1 attention, be In e v on, spec a • paid to sanitary conditions. A new automobile ambulance re- sembles a limousine when closed, the tire rack dropping -down to form a. step when the back is opened its full • width. An interne combustion locomotive of 1,000 horsepower that uses crude oil fuel is hauling passenger trains - experimentally on an European rail- road. Mildew proofing processes for tent canvas can be thoroughly tested for effectiveness in from three weeks to a month by a recently invented method • Grown expekimentally but a few years ago, American cotton has be- come an established crop in India as it give e a larger yield. than native varieties. Rich and extensive deposits of iron and manganese ores have ben found by prospectors in the Idarwald, about 30 miles south of Coblenz, Germany. I To make a Motorboat of any craft, an inventor has mounted an engine, shaft and propellor • in a hollow fin which is used to replace the boat's keel. To enable two persons to examine an object at the saine time a Freneh optician • has 'invented a microscope with two eye pieces but only one ob- jective. A six -bladed, easily adjusted re- volving shutter forms a new device for regulating the amount of air ad- mitted to an automobile radiator in cold weather. Some European railroads are ex- • perimenting with electric locomotive headlights so mounted that engineers • can direct theirarys in any desired direction. ACTIVITIES OF WOMEN 2 The worlds, most northerly railroad in Lapland, will run its trains with electricity obtainedfronl nearby- 'waterfalrs. t An inetrunient has been 'invented to permit draftsmen - to draw perfect ovals •and to draw two or more of the .same dimensions. Apparatus for winding clocks with air pressure obtained when doors are opened and closed has been invented by a Fry -nehmen. Last. year -for the first time the United. States exported more tinplate ellen Wales,- heretofore the leader in the industry. In France a process has been in- vented for treating gelatine or glue that produces- a non -inflammable sub- stitute for celluloid. — 1611.1i1111111111011111 "Being well informed is largehj, 4 Tildt er of reading a good newspaper • 4 o "Hold your own" in conversa- tion with friendand neigh- bors-7in order to know what is going on in ,the world outside of your home town, it is essential that you regUlarly read a daily paper. - For Ontario readers there is one paper that overshadows all others, in its ability to keep them in reading - touch with the world at large—The Toronto Star. A paper edited • on broad-guage linos, with a way of presenting news that will win your approval by its fair- ness and its ability to entertain. -4•1111111.1b. Seventeen direct wires bring the news- to The Star, twenty -fa -lir type- i;etting machines rush it ,into prints__ Motor trucks rush the editions _to the trains; and, ere you go to bed, you have the day record epread before you in a newspaper so height and "newsy" that you read. Avidh keen relish its every et)] u Sign the coupon and mail it—so that you may take this great paper iuto yonr home , on trial. he sub- scription rate is 50c foriti a mouth, $1.25 for 3 Mouths a- $-2.00 for 6 months—$3.00.1ier year. To the PublishoTs: Toronto Star, Toronto: Dear Sirs: Please enter me as a subscriber o The Toronto Star for.... • •months----- for . F please finti enclosNI stampA moneyiorder for $ Name 'and address in full: 1 (Please write plainly,, and say whether Mr. Mrs., Miss, or Rev.) 3 Many women are being employed to help repair roads in Great Britain. .Several Ohio farms are hiring girls as machine hands on light work. Nearly half the stockholders in the Pemisylvatia - railroad are women, The various newspapers through- out the United States employ more than 90,000 women. In . Pennsylvania it is against the law for girls to work around the an- thracite_mines. More than 120,000 women teachers in the commune schools in France are members of trade unions. The New York Dental college, the oldest institution of the kine in the state, will admit women next fall. The Minneapolis Business Women's club, which has been in existence only five months, hes a membership of 1,500. - If a widow. entertains ambitions of marrying h widower, her chances are good, clear up to the age of 45 years. Dr. Ftlizabeth Gillett, recently elect- ed to the New York assembly, is the third i)voisaan- in that state to be so honored. I • The Woinen ie Turkey are fast be- coming Americanized and no,w there are More women to be seep on the streets of Constantinople minus veils _than with veils. • Women have been added to the 'Re- publican state icommittee. in New Hampshire for ;the first time in his- tory. The British Ilouse of Lords has re- jected the elauee in the bill for the removal of sex qualifications,which i would permit women to sit n the House of Lords, Ruth Law, American aviatrix, . is now in Paris in search for an air- plane with which she intends to try to beat Lieutenant Ma ord's cross - continent record. The New England Women's Life Underwriters' association with fifty • members, is the only organization of woman underwriters in America. A bill brought before the Spanish • cabinet provides the- right of all wo- men to votet,and also provides to- lishreent near -Ascot, England, takes an active part in the training opera- ' thins of horses ia their father's stables and regularly ride at exercise on the fiat and over obstacles. New York's oldeet woman voter Mrs. Rose Oppenheim,. aged eighty- nine years, was out beight and early at her. polling place at the recent. election, escorted by her ,five daugh- ters one one granddaughter. Legislation extending financial as- sistance to mothers and exempting them from labor for a. period of six weeks before and after child birth has been indorsed by the International Congress of Working Women, • Mrs. Newton D. Baker:, wife of the secretary of war, is a College woman, who has not forgotten her campus activities. She never %tines a re- union of her class, no matter in what part of the United States it is held. Austria, facing an acute shortage of laboring men, has partly selved the • problem by the' employment Of wemen in the reconstruction work now going on itt war ruined sections of the coun- try. Women are working as hod car- riers, mortar mixers and as general laborers. Miss Ray C. Sawyer, known as the musical 'godmother of the army, navy and marine cwips, has been aPpointed executive secretary of the New York state branch of the Anieriean Legion. In Japan not only the men but the women go to the barber if there be any sign of hair on their faces; they do not permit even the soft down to grow, whieh the Japenese are often astonished to see left Menolested on the faces of some Western women. More than 2,000 women and girls employed in t'he bureau of war risk insurance in Washington, are up in arms and threaten dire things because the director of the bureau has ordered the removal of all mirrors in the bureau. Mrs. Helen Essex, elected town clerk of Orangetown, N. Ye intends to appoint her husband as her assist- ant. She succeeded her husband in the office and was his assistant dur- ing his incumbency. s ' The married Kaffir women are com- pelled' to speak a language different from that of their husbands. They may not • even pronounce their hus- band's names; commonly refer to them as the father of, so-and-so. Mrs. Victoria. Thompson, a Jackson- ville woman, has invented. a new spray which, it is claimed, will spell doom for the cotton weevil. Miss Adelaide Thorman is chief in- vestigator for a large New York- fire insurance company. - - - • Flower Langhage. In remote Alpine hamlets and vil- lages, especially in the Bernese Ober- land, there still exist ancient and pretty, customs of proposing marriage by a language of flowers. /If a maid accepts a bouquet of edelweiss from a man she at the same time accepts him as her fiance, the idea being that the man has risked his life to ob- tain the flowerfor the woman he loves. Another method which exists in the canton of Glarus is for the young man to place a flower pot contain- ing a single rose and a note on the window sill of the girl's room when she Is absent fro -m home, and wait— perhaps days—for a reply. if the maid takes the rose the young man boldly enters the house to arrange matters with her parents, but if the rose Is. allowed to fade away. the pro- posal Is rejected Without a single word having been exchanged between the couple. • vote on the first day and the men t the second. • Servant girls employed in the homesain Des Moines, lee are 'con- templating the forming of a union with a view of bettering their work- ing hours and increasing wages. Householders in Great Britain are barred - from . entertaining their mothers-in-law, or ether guests longer • than four weeks, by an .order of the ministry of food. .The latest fashion in London_ of 'giving a cigarette .holder to a bride an indication of the widespread hab- it of smoking among the ,women in that part of the. country. Hannah Montague, wife of a black- smith in Trey, N. Y., made the first. detachable collar for men in 1819, And now '200,000 yards of goods are used in a day in that town by a single factory. English women are beginning to • wear monocles, and not only are they adopting them for home wear, but are appearing on the street so aderned. Since the armistice, demobilization, of England's famous Women's Land army has-been gradual and now stands at 8,000 strong. The final mustering out will not take place until the har- vesting ot this fall's potatoe crop is completed. I The medical college of the. New York university now has twenty wo7 men students, all of whom are on the same basis as the men, attending the same classes. working in the same laboratories and clinics and receiving thesame degrees. A crusade against short skirts, high heels, rouge, lip sticks, eyebrow pen- cils and flour face has het started by ,the 'girl scouts itt the public and high schools in New York City. Mrs. Raymond Robins, of Chicago, has been elected temporary presid.ent of the International Congress .of • Working Women, while Mrs. • Mary Schwartz, of New Yorke has been elected secretary of the same organ- • ization. The daughters of Sir Robert Wil- t, mont„ Batt, Who has a training estab- a ,They and We . - A wounded' corporal in a hospital told bow, while on patrol duty, hp had seen the body of a noncommissioned French officer hanging by the feet, hie face bashed in with. muskets. -"My mai and I were furious," he said, "and made up our minds that we'd clo the same thing to the, first German we caught. That night we found two Oermans hidden in a barn. We fell on them and then ns they were hungry we gave them bread. We could not do what they did, for we are not of the same race."—Every- body's Magazine. , Fowls Plucked With Vacuum. A.machine of the vacuum type for plucking Owls is -described and Inns- •trated in Popular k4 Ikledlanks..rnaga- 'zite. With. it, it is said, a person' can remove all the feathers, dry, from an average -sized bird in about five min- utes. A motor -driver -fan createsssuc- tion in a' large flexible tube, at the free end of which is a special pluck- ing apparatus. Once loosed, the feathers pass through the 'tube into a large receptacle overhead. No Honeymoon Trip. T attended a .wedding of a dear girl friend whose father was a well-to-do farmer.. After the ceremony we girls crowded around, the blushing bride and she was asked where they ex- pected to go on their honeythoon trip. She replied; "We aren't going to take a trip, for the moneY we would spend will buy a nice cow." ----Chicago Trite LW% David Harum Continued from Page '7 himself at that hospitable house that evening, he was greeted by Miss Blake alone. _"Julius did not come down to -night and my sister is with him," ahe said, "so you will have to put up with my society—unless you'd like me to send up for Alice. Julius is strictly en- retraite, I should say." "Don't disturb her, I beg," protested John, laughing, and wondering a bit at the touch of coquetry in, her speech, something unprecedented itt his fex- perience o her, "if you are willing to put up wi h my society. I hope' Mr. Carling is not ill?" They seated themselves as she re- plied: "No, nothing serious, I should say. A bit of a cold, I fancy; and for a fortnight he has been more nervous. than usual. • The changes in the weather .have been. so great and so abrupt that they have worn upoa his nerves. He is getting very un- easy again. Now, after spending the winter, and when spring is almost at _ . • handt1 believe that if he could make uphis mind where to go be would be for setting off tearnorrow." "Really?" said John, in a tone of -dismay, "Quite so," she replied with a nod. "But," he objected, "it seems too late or too early. Spring may drop in upon us any day. Isn't this some- thing very recent?" "It has been developing for a week or ten days," she answered,"and symptoms have indicated a crisis for some time. In fact," she added, with a little vexed laugh, "we havetalked of ,nothing for a week but the ad- vantages and disadvantages of Flori- da, California, North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia. at large; be- sides St. Augustine, Monterey, Santa Barbara, Aiken, Asheville, • .Hot Springs, Old Point Comfort, Bermu- da and I don't know how many other • place, not forgetting Atlantic City and Lakewood, and only not Barba - does and the Sandwich Islands be- cause nobody happened to think 'of them. Julius," remarked Miss Blake, "would have given a forenoon to the discussion of the two latter places AS 'readily as to any of the others!' "Can't i you talk him along itto warm Weather?" suggested John, with rather a mirthless laugh. "Don't you think thee if the weather were to change for good, as it's likely to ilo ahnost any time now, he might put off going till the usual summer lik- ing?" "The change in his mind will have to come pretty soon if I am to re- tain my mental faculties," she de- clared. "He might possibly, but I an. afraid not," she said, shaking her head. "He has the idea fixed in his mind, and considerations of the 'weather here, while they got him started, are net pow so much the ques- tion. He has, the moving- fever, and I am ,afraid it will have to run its course. I think," she said, after a moment, "that if I were to formulate a special anathema, it would be, 'May traveling seize you!" "Or restlessness;" suggested John. •she said, "that's more ac- curate, perhaps, but it doesn't sound quite so `smart. Julies is in that state of mind when the only place that seems desirable is somewhere else." "Of course you: will have to go," said John mournfully. "Oh, yes," she replied, with an air of compulsory resignation. "I shall not only have to go, of course, but I shall probably have to decide where in order to save my mind. But it will certainly be somewhere, so- I might as well be packing my trunks." "And you will be away indefinitely I suppose?" "Yes, I imagine so." "Dear me!" John ejaculated in a dismal tone. They were sitting as described on a former occasion, and the young two- man was engaged upon the second (perhens the third, or even the fourth) of the set of doilies to which she had committed herself. She took some stitches with a composed Mr, without. responding to her conipanion's exclam- 'nation. • "I'm awfully sorry," he said pres- ently; leaning forward with his elbows on his knees, his hands hanging in an attitude of unmistakable dejection and staring fixedly into the fire. "I am very sorry myself," she said, bending her head a little closer over her work.. "I think I like being in New York in the spring better than at any other time; and I don't at all fancy the idea of living in rey trunks again for an indefinite period." "I shall miss you horribly," he said, turning his face toward her. Her eyes opened with a lift of the brows, but whether the surprise so indicated was quite genuine is a mat- ter for 'conjecture. "Yes," he declared desperately, "I shall, indeed." "I should fancy you must • have plenty of other friends," she said, blushing a little, "and I have wondered sometimes whether Julius's demands upon you were not more confident than warrantable, and whether you would- n't often rather have gone elsewhere than to come here to play cards with him." She actually said' thie as if she meant it. "Do you suppose---:" he exclaim- ed, and checked himself. "No," he said, "I have come because—well, I've been only too glad to come, and—I suppose it has got to be a habit," he added, rather lamely. "You see,. I've never known any people itt the way rhave known. you. It has seemed to ifte more like home life than anything I've ever known. There has never •been any one lint my father and. I, 'and you can have no idea what it has been to me to be allowed to come here as I have, and—oh, you must know—" He hesitated, and in- stantly she advanced her point. Her face was rather white, and the hand which lay upon the work in her lap ttembled, a little, while she clasp- ed the arm of the chair with the other; but she broke in upon his hesi- tation with an even voice: "It has been very pleasant for us all, I'm sure," she said, "and, frank- ly, I'm sorry that it must be inter- rupted for a while, but that is about all there is of it, isn't it? -We shall probably be -back not later than October, I should say, and then you. can renew your contests with Julius - and your controversies with me." Her tone and what she said re- called to him their last night on board the ship, but there was no relenting on this occasion. He realized that for a moment he had been on the verge of telling the girl that he loved her, and he realized, too'that she had divined his impulse and prevented the disclosure; but he registered a vow that he would_ know before he saw her again whether he might consistently tell her his love, and win or lose up- on the touch. Miss Blake made several inaccurate efforts to introduce her needle at the exact point desired, and when that endeavor was accomplished broke the silence by saying, "Speaking of 'Oc- tober,' have you read the novel? 1 think it is charming." "Yes," said John, with his vow M his mind, but not sorry for the diver- sion, "and I enjoyed it very much. I thought it was immensely clever, but I confess that I didn't quite sym- pathize with the love affairs of a hero who was pat forty, and I must also confess that I thought the girl was, well—to put it in. plain English —a fool." Mary laughed, with a little quaver in her voice. "Do you know," she said, "that sometimes it seems to me that I am. older than you are?" "I know you're awfully wise," said 5 1919 esuesetweeiamoolielle Jelin with a aug,S, and from that their talk deftee the safer channels of their U inverse until be ro. e to -a, - ;. "Of courta 4iail see you again before you go, # said as he gave him her hand. "Oh," he declared, "I intend larly- to haunt the place." (Continued next week). Celebrated Remark Made ; By General Castelnau 440.40.4.7.44,04.0)4:+w04444444.41 HILE attention has been fixed on the ethical as- pects of the invasion of Belgium in 1914, people, forgot the political and military as-:' pects of that question As they pre- sented themselves in theory itt the days before the war. One of the sur- prising things in that episode haa always been the apparent unreadia nese of the French General Staff for such a move. Was the French cam. mand relying on a German treaty to protect the -Channel ports? If sol, why this example of unsuspected naivete in European polities, which - has shown itself so expert in ninety- nine maxims of Machiavelli, only to prove wanting in observing the limndredth, the one, namely, that if yea are protected on the right wing by Te fortress and on the left by a promise you may expect the attack to emne through the promise? As a matter of fact, if we are to believe the , exposition. whieh Mayer -as makes of the situation in Le Populaire, the French strategy of August, 1914, has a hietory which goes back to 1911. At that time en, Michel was forced out Of the high command in Prance and the ascend- ancy passcd to Gens. Pan, Castelnan and joffre. The change in personnel was the result of differing views at the military pogsibilities of the Ine time. Gen. Michel belonged to the school which foresaw the - attack through Belgium, which favored the fortification of the atranco-Belgiase regu- • Seen in the Light of Events *MI over Stre PI 1 , stry the 11) • erni;evt ee ki Alt ti eetive zeiteiv,11 44. GEN. CAIFITELNAIL frontier,' and a, united front from the Channel to the Alps. This view .oe things also implied certain changes. in the theory of French military organization. For a front so extend- ed many more troop a would be re- quired inthe standing army than far the shorter front, Meuse -Lorraine - Alsace. Hence a Three-year SerVICO law, but also, still from the military point of view, reliance on the vast citizeu army • to supplement tie standing force. This view also Im- plied a certain political attitude t* ward the war. 'Under it France.wouid wage a war of .national defeece Ler the integrity of her territories. • It was the official or profeesionalf view of the war that triumphed' im France in 1911: no additional ex- pense on the Belgian front, manned -attack through Aimee _and Lorraine with- regular Weems, holding the Am- cond line .soldiers in reserve aid this pubbcp1ritearried on . by the ,"wast ffor revanehe" antlthe recovisereftlie • oj poyjne., Gem Lebow, justelse- ..fore the war, support,* by :Gem !Pori:Air and M. Vandmme,, Depallg firma the Nerd, presented a menage - random to Oen. Jerre- protest agninst the disarmament of Lille. Gen. Joffre avoided the interview and vaned the deputs.tion up to Gen. OW ,telnate In:waving ;di the prOpbeer •Qt an ilWagioIlthro Bele/empanel. tm; "We cannot(3 for se* Castelnau uttered arlelebrated sem- ealuck." Thh3 confidence rested on simple calculation of Gereasine eve -stnieces: to Meet the Ituseleatadeafloi :and the Wench attack through AI - sae (ivhich came off in A-Vgin*e_ 1914, according to plans), the ear - mans would have not more than twelve divisions left for the offensive through Belgium. When the "luck" which Gen. Caw- telnau despaired of came, it wass backed not by- twelve divisions, het -by thirty-two. Fortunately tbe French official error was balanced h5f the German mistake of driving at Paria instead ot at Boulogne. While the Freneh professional campaign collapsed beyond Mulhausen, the French citizen army was preparing for the Marne; and the en.thusiasur that France could never have' aro- ed abroad with her armies on the Rhine she gained again from her magnificent resistance on the defen- sive. Many morals could be 'drawn fro= this narrative. But to keep exelee sively to history, the people found wanting in 1914 were the profession- al military strategists of Berlin and of Paris. Olive 011. Although oilve oil as a food and medicinal all can be replaced Teri largely by other vegetable oils, them are one or two technicel uses, wool. - spinning, for instance, for whieh no entirely satisfactOry substitute • has yet been. found. Tokio has an astronotaical obeerr-,, atoll that for size and completeness Win equal anything in Ahe._ 111:44 Gra( of anti 4:11 of 11 *rain -doors Banal Offic _ oast of Phone EDZOn J. G. Caller Aim A lege ol Onta0 bl iln Box The Hti ation a COM mi Fire a: Bonds ' farins week a Lice cf Hur • of the I satisfat forth, 3 Beafort Lice of Hu amino made b or The orate a Lice') �fHui pares o perienci wasa. • 175 r 1 R. N.