HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Huron Expositor, 1918-11-01, Page 11111190,
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FiYfX-SECOND YEAR
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4
GREAT BRITAIN'S WAR RECORD
(By David Lloyd George)
When the British Empire decided
to throw the whole weight of its might
into the greatest war the world has
ever witnessed, it did not do so because
it believed that British soil was to be
invaded pr even threatened with in-
vasion, bUt because of an outrage upon
international right. Had it not taken
that decision the whole course of the
war would have been different. The
history of the world for generations to I
come would have taken a different '
,course. I do not wish to exaggerate
in the least the part which the British!
Empire has in the conflict, but a mere
glance at the events of the last tour
years will show how great and how de-
cisive its influence has been upon the
turn of those events.
When the war began we had the
most powerful navy in the world. It
1, 1918
•
licIARAN BROS., Publisher
$L50 s Tear in Advance
With
• The Finance Minister. , placed the objective of the Town of Seaforth
at $175,000. This may seem quite a large sum of money, but when it is
spread among the Citizens otthellotvn it does not even require sacrifice to
make up this amount. A ° dimany towns thoughout the Province have
subscribed their full 'object' in one day. We look forward to the Citizens
to go over "the Top without any trouble for the amount of our objective.
Nearly $60,000 has been stiblibisibed up to the present time, but the Canvas-
sers are still phigg.ink, andare not letting a single moment pass without
doing their best to reach the, objective. We want to win the Governor -Gen-
eral's Flag for the Town,. We can do so, with your help.
Bonds are nota.Burden but a Blessing
The money you acqugt by thrift you are asked to LOAN -not give -
was as powerful as the three next to your country. It wilt.tme back to you when you may need it far more
navies of the wolrd, and when units than you do now, and _Yon willbe paid interest at five and one-half per ,cent.
of command are taken into account in the meantime.
it was more powerful than the three
next navies, but we had the smallest
army of any gxeat power in Europe. JOHN BEATTIE
We had an obligation of honor with
Franc :4 that, if she were wantonly
attacked, the United Kingdom would
come to her support. There was no
compact as to what forces we should
bring into the arena. In any discus-
sion that ever took place in this
country or outside there was no idea
that we should ever be able to employ
a greater force than six divisions. •
When there was a discussion in the
House about the British expeditionary
force the maximum was the six -divi-
sion limit. Whatever the arrangement
was, I think history will say that we
have more than kept faith.
There is real danger in the more
minutely and constantly described ev-
ents on land to overlook the part
which the British Navy is playing in
this conflict. There are two great
struggles being carried on, one on land,
and one on sea. One is carried on al-
most before our eyes. Incidents are
pictured from day to day by men who
are engaged especially for the purpose
of describing them. Every turn in ev-
ents is portrayed. Not like the other
struggle; that takes place on a vast
wilderness of sea over hundreds of
thousands of square miles, with no one
to witness it or to describe it except
those who who take part in the fierce
struggle.
It has been prolonegd four years
without a break. No darkness arrests
it. No weather and no Winter stops
it. The navy goes into no Winter
quarters, the fight is going on without
cease.
I do not think that many realize
that that is the decisive struggle of
the war. Upon its issue the fate of
'n the -.warldepend& ,ff the flies are de -
fated on land thewar wail& not be
over until they are 'beaten at sea. So
the Germans can never trium.ph, ,and
in the main this momentous deciding
struggle is carried on by the British
Navy. There is a disposition even here
to take the: British Navy for granted,
exactly as we took the sea for gr ant-
ed, and in this there is no real effort
to understand the gigantic effort which
is involved in constructing, in
strengthening, in increasing, in re-
n suppling., in Maintaining,
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iiiimiansmii and in maiming that great machine.
When the war started, the British
Navy had a tonnage of 2,500,006. It
now has 8,000,000, including the , aux-
iliary fleet. Every trade route in the
world is controlled by its ships. Take
the blockade alone. From Shetland
to Greenland, from Greenland to Ice-
land, from Iceland to the coast of
Norway, the most savage waters in
the world, always angry -for four
years these seas have been incessant-
ly patrolled by the British Ifleet, who
have set up an impenetrable barrieri
itish shipping' has been
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engaged in patrolling, mine sweeping,
mine laying, escorting, chasing sub-
marines over vast and trackless areas.
They have destroyed at elast 150 of
these ocean submarine pests, -more
than half in the course of the last
year.
I will give you a figure which indi-
cates the gigantic charaeter of the
work done by the Britisi* Navy. In
the month of June alone ships of the
British Navy steamed 8,000,000 miles.
To this must be added the great efL
_forts of the mercantile marine which
has now become a branch of the Brit-
ish Navy. It faced the Isarne dangers
ihi caring for the Allies as well ae our-
selves.
Most of the American troops who
have so gallantly acquitted themielves
in France in the recent conlicts were
catried on British ships.
It is difficult to Make those who do
not understand ships comprehend what
a gigantic effort it mean e to keep this
immense machine going. here is
rather a tendency to divide our efforts
into two branches -men for the army,
ships for the navy, I wonder how
many people understaid the number
of men required to man' and maintain
the British Navy and the British mer-
cantile marine. It is at least 1,500,000;
probably 800,000 or 900,000 were rnea
of military age. We have madeevery
attempt to comb out when there was a
great pressure but found ,it was im-
possible to do so without letting the
British fleet down. And to let the
British fleet down was to let the Allies
down.
The Germans, during the last two
years, have made two distinct at-
tempts to force a decision, one an the
,ea, the other on land. They attempt-
ed the land offensive, because the sea
offensive failed, but they knew that
the sea offensive would be )nost vital
of the two. The land offensive might
have been disastrous; the other, if it
had succeeded, would have been final.
If the 'submarines had succeeded, our
army in France would have withered
away, no Americans could have coma
over to assist us ammunition could
not have been sent across, nor the ne-
cessary coal and material to enable'
France and Italy to manufacture mu-
nitions. France and England would
have been starved,. The war would
have been ever before that stage coald
have been reached.
. I am. not minivaizing the great aseris-
tan.oe rearidereel by tile grsiat aside* of
CANVASSERS:
JOHN RANKIN
L. C. JACKSON
America, France, Italy, And -Japan,
but the British fleet is 80 incompar-
Oly greater, and its operations are on
a scale of so much greater 'Magnitude,
that I dwell specially on this in order
that the Mainstay of these 'special ef-
forts shouldbe realized.•?,,_
The American Naval migOon which
ill
came over here the other ' ay saw a
good deal of the efforts of e British
Navy, and were( immense y struck
with the vastness of the veorle whieh
was being done. They wera specially
anxious that steps should be taken
A
to make known not merely, here, but
in America, the gigantic ;character
of the task which is being Uadertaken.
Unless the Allies had been com-
pletely triumphant from the outbreak
of the War at sea, no effort on land
would have saved us. The British fleet
was mainly responsible for .that corn-
plete triumph. Any destruction of
our resources which would have im-
paired in the least this triumph would
have been ruinous to the cense of the
Allies.
I will not say a word about our ef-
fort On land. Our military eifOrt has
to be subject to eur *resources -in en
and material. We had.diffic*tiee to
confront us. We were not a Military
nation in the sense of the nations of
the Continent. We had a small tinny.
What have we aeemriplisheel?' ' Since
August, 1914, including those already
with the colors, this countr3i,pas rais-
ed for the array anderat 'Ghat,
-,tritain alone no less thanquarter million men. ,
sikere raised bvlttiL
arsie ,
most unexampled feat in -,the hiatory of thought they were destroying the,Brit-
any country. In a --tvord,'- in order to ish Arniy and that there was nothing
give an idea of what this means; if behind it. In six weeks they were
German -Army- achieved considerable
success. We had anxious mementse
very anxious moments, and those who
knew the mast, were most anx-
ious, The losses were considerable in
men and in materials and in numbers
of prisoners captured, far beyond any
anticipation which could have been
,made and which we could have been
called upon to provide for. Had they
not been immediately made up, the se-,
cond German blow might very well
have oyhrwhelmed the British Army.
Before. the battle was over, in
fortnight's time, 268,000 men were
thrown across the Channel, one of the
most remarkable feats of Britieh ship-
ping and of organization of our British
transport- forathe _War affice. In. a
month's time 15:000 ineik had been
thrown across the Channel. A fresh
gun had been put back for every gun
that WaS lost, and every deficieney
a machine gun not merely supplied but
the number Increased, and at this mo-
ment there are more guns and more
machine guns than the army in France
ever had.
It was the first German miscal-
culation. They had calculated that
we could not do it, and we owe a debt
of gratitude to a section of
the press for misleading the enemy.
He were foolish enough to believe it.
The Germans believed we had no men
to make up the deficiency, and they
made their plans accordingly and at -
x. andta- r
he.y hit here, they lit there. 'They
aft1 bitinthe south, they hit an.tha.e
g al *they' -hit `in the north.' 'Why, they
the United States of America were to
call to the colors the same number of
men in proportion to her population, it
would mean nearly fifteen millions of
men. The dominions have contributed
a million more. India has sent 1,250,-
000 men since the beginning of this
war.
With regard to the Present military
situation, its essential facts are well
known, but perhaps I may be per-
mitted to summarize them as they ap-
pear to one who has been working
inside. In reference to the great ea-
deavor which has been made in ths
country during the last four months,
what is the position? On March 21
the enemy had been relieved of all ap-
prehensions on his eastern front by
the peace at Brest -Litovsk. He had
brought all his best divisions from the
east. He was combing out the best
men from the remaining. divisions and
bringing them to the west. Most of
these men had enjoyed a long rest on
the eastern front, and had devoted
their time to training and preparing
specially for the great blow which was
to be directed against the allied arm-
ies.
On March 21 we had in front of us
the flower of the German army, rest-
ed, trained specially, and equipped for
the campaign. Our troops were tired
by a prolonged offensive under the
most exhausting conditions any troops
ever fought .under. Practically the
whole British front was newground,
which had been won from the enemy.
There had been no time to set up de-
fenses, and these tried troops, instead
of resisting, had to dig defences. •
Considerable American forces had
been expected by Spring. As a mat-
ter of fact, on March 21 there was only
one American division in the line.
There were three or four divisions be-
hind the line, who were brought up
after the attack began.
The weather conditions were the
most favorable for the enemy that
they could have possible chosen, Un-
inted command was not an established
fact, in spite of all endeavors to a-
chieve it, and each General was main-
ly concerned with the defense of his
own front ,so when the blow came
the reserves of the allied army ,as a
whole were not available to meet it
where it fell.
What was the object? The object
was to attain a military decision this
year before the American Army could
come up. How was that to be a-
chieved? Forst of all, by driving. a
wedge between the two armies; then,
having separated the British and
Frenhc forces, overwhelming the Brit-
ish army ,and afterward dealing with
the °French Army.
hurled back, fought to a standstill by
the British Army. They were defeat-
ed in two -or three of the most san-
guinary battles of the war, and they
were left in unhealthy salients under
the fire of our guns and with extended
lines.
Their purpose was to overwhelm the
British Army. They declared it, and
they announced in all their inspired
press that they were doing it. By
May 1 they had left us to go south
to make another attack. They knew
it could not be done. It is one of
the finest chapters of tenacious valor
in the whole history of the British
Army.
, Our losses were great. We took a
step which only the emergency could
have justified, that is the sending of
lads of 1817i years, Who had received
five or six months' training, into the
line.
I remember coming at 9 o'clock one
dark night from Boulogne after I had
been to see the Generals. I saw these
boys coming up by torchlight from the
boat straight to Frace. • No sootier
were they there than these lads had
to face veteran and victorious troops.
No veterans ever fought with greater
courage and with greater splendor
than these hads to help hurl back these
legions that had fought to destroy the
British Army. We must all be proud
of the boys who so upheld the honor
of their British native land and help-
ed to savethe cause of the Allies from
disaster.
After an experience of six week
fighting -it is a remarkable fact whe
you know what the German plan was
-they left the liritish Army alone for
three OT four months. They may and
probably will come back, but that is
because they have failed elsewhere.
No one knows better than those who
fought in that campaign leaw invalu-
able was the aid received from the
gallant French Army in both these
great battles. I only dwell on the
part which the British forces took be-
cause in the main the fighting -was
theirs and the losses were in the main
theirs. After the first of May the
enemy turned off to attack the French.
There never has been since the 21st
of March an offensive cionducted by
forces of the same magnitude.'
In the first attack on the Freneh
Army they won a considceable sur-
cese. What has happened (ince then?
Not merely have they been fought to
a standstill, but General Foch-or if
I may call him by his new title, and
I am sure everybody will join in send-
ing a message of congratulation on
the title be*on by such skill, such
resource, ad such genius -Marshal
Foch, by Wcounterstroke, which is.
one of the brilliant events of the war,
has driven the enemy back. The en-
emy, who was to capture Calais and
Paris by dates which vary according
to the temper of the prophets from
May to August --August being the lat-
est -to capture Paris, destroy the
British Army, and overwhelm the
French, is now retreating.
The danger is not over, but he would
be a sanguine man on the German
Staff who would now say that General
Ludendorff's plan of campaign would
over. Look what has been done. In tribution is not equalized sufficiently.
February the Americans brought over The Socks should be more equally '&-
48,000 men, I think. In January, it vided, as some of the smaller hospi-
was 'still fewer, and the German Gen- tals do not receive sufficient to go
eral Staff, which seems fairly well m -
formed, ',came to the conclusion that if
ivhat was said in the British press of
our having no men was true, and they
knew what was being. brought over in
American ships was true, and if what
around, by any ineane. I have some-
times had about a &Seri pairs to hand
out to nearly 60 men in my hut, and
that is as great a strain .on the sister
as on the boys who have to go in their
bare feet until their worn socks are
a certain section of the press said a- dry again, after they have been wash -
bout :our having no ships was true, ed, In some of the larger hospitals
then the desruction of the allied ar- the supply exceeds the need, and that
my was a ce ainty. That wae one of is why the smaller ones should be
the uses of a good press. It ie a mis-
take to contradict them. That was
their second miscalculation.
Now, what happened? Soon after
the blow on March 21 the British Gov-
ernment -made a special appeal to
President Wilson to send men over,
even if they were not formed into di-
visions, eo they could be brigaded in
British and French formations. Presi-
dent Wilson responded by return cable.
It was prompt, it was decisive, but he
stipulated that we should do our part
of the carrying. wa true that we
had no ships to spare, b
ed upon the Shipping
necessity of . getting ery American
soldier over, and he pulled, ships out
of trades where they were quite es-
sential -in order to carry over the
American troops. Do not let any one
imagine we have ships to spare, be-
cause there has been a loss of 200,000
tons Per month in essential cargoes,
which means 2,500,000 per annum
with the result we have just seen.
I forget how many thousand troops
have been brought over since the bat-
tle, mostly in British ships. In July
305,000 Americans were brought over,
of which 188,000 were carried in Brit-
ish ships. That was the second ele-
ment in the restoration of the situa-
tion, because every one knows how
valiantly these troops have fought. It
is not -merely that they fought with
courage, every one expected that of
the American Army, but they have
fought with a trained skill that no one
ever expected or had a right to ex-
pect. The men are brave, but the
officers, who after all are not trained
officers in the ordinary sense of the
term, have shown skill and knowledge
and management of their men under
trying conditions which you could
-hardly expect from. men who have
not had a good deal of the experience
of war.
FROM FRANCE
we impress-
ntroller the
That was the plan. If the first of
these objects had been attained, and
the British Army had been overwhelm-
ed, the American forces could not have
arrived in time to save the French
Army. That was the Germaa calcua-
tion, and let us not forget, in the tight
of what happened afterward, that it
Was not such an impossible estimate.
But how did the German plan pros -
pr? There have been four hard
months of such fighting as has never
been seen on the face of this globe, not
The following is an extract from a
letter received by .Mrs.'E. Boyce, of
Seaforth, from her son, Pte. N. R.
Boyce. Pte. Boyce received -gunshot
wonnds in the thigh, on September 28,
and has since been admitted to Mili-
tary Hospital at ,Grrodshain, Cheshire,
Eiaglandt
somewherein. France;
September 24e 1918
Dear MOther,-This is a beautiful
lay, warm with r almost cloudless
sky and much like. we would expect to.
enjoy during the summer months in
France. Though we have had Some
rather rainy days, and some mud t�
contend with as a consequence during
the past month, yet there has been a
lot of very fine weather, suitable .for
campaigning and drill purposes.. I
have seen a considerable .,part of
France around the lines and back of it
since August 10th, when I became at-
tached to the ibattalion. We have
moved about ,a great deal and have
had an opportunity to see first hand
the terrible ravages and desolation of
war, in towns, villages and 'country,
and believe me, you certainly can't
form any true conception of it by read-
ing. It's only by seeing You can un-
derstand the destruction and suffering,
that has resulted from it. But such
conditions only help to stir the troops
on to greater effort, to be a source of
service in remedying the causes that
brought it about, the sooner.
The war situation on the -whole nev-
er looked as favorable as it does to-
day. The allied armies on all fronts
have made very important gains and
none have met with any greater suc-
cesses than the Canadian corps, as
the home papers no doubt have said,
and the officers and men are proud of
the results. Every one as a result of
these successes that has attended the
Allied efforts expects an early closing
of the struggle, and there is little
doubt but that the Germans will be
satisfied to accept very reasonable
terms, before the beginning of another
year. . .
more particularly looked after. Soap is
scarce; the boys are always asking
for soap. Tooth brushes are badly
needed, also tooth paste Id shaving.
soap are always welcome -with a
cheer. Gum and candy do not carry
well, especially gum. It is practically
spoiled when it reaches us. ,
A pipe and tobacco will lighten the
heaviest heart, and give honrs of com-
fort to our boys. When peeking your
boxes do not hesitate to send cigar-
ettes. Those scruples which some ad-
here to so rigidly would be quickly
over-ridden if they could once see
the dejection and disappointment on
some of those poor tortured faces
when there are no cigarettes forth-
coming. One could write at length on.
the occasions when those same cigar-
ettes have brought a moment of solace
in a time of torture and distress. "Give
me a fag sister," and you -would give
worlds to have one at hand to place in.
the, poor trembling fingers. Often,
times when the 'anaesthetic is not to be
had, a cigarette between the quivering
lip4 helps the patient to endure the ex-
cruciating pain of an operation.
Can you picture the boys groupei.
before the cheery fireplaces in the
wards on Christmas night, singing
songs and telling stories of home?
They al lfeel particularly near to the
-
"folks at home" that night. What could
add nabre to the enjoyment than the
popping of corn and roasting apples?
Do not forget, then ,to -put in a few
cobs of popcorn and some apples. The
chestnut roasts around the old Eng-
lish orates would be greatly improved
if they had some Canadian chestnuts
to roast. The English nuts are dry
and mealy, and lack the flavor of our
Canadian chestnuts. -
By this time your boxes are full, I
think. If there are a few spaces left,
however, do not ,forget to add some
Sugar and tea. Send boxes frequently
with many messages of love and cheer
to our heroes,ho count not their lives
dear unto themselves.
Nursing Sister Neelin.
inerely in the magnitude of the arm- succeed in its objective and enable
ies, the losses inflioted and. sustained, Germany to obtain a military decision.
the valor displayed, but m the iesues The Germans calculated that we
wleich hung in the balance. could not make up our losses, and that
What ba.s kappened? At first, the the Americans could not be brought
I was very pleased to receive a box
from the Egmondville church sent by
Miss Hill and Miss Chesney, and it
was very acceptable. Also the Sea -
forth Women's War Auxiliary sent
me a couple Of pairs of socks some
time ago. It wasvery kind of them
and I wish to express my thanks per-
sonally to them and will acknowledge
receipt of same shortly. Such com-
forts as these, you know, are a source
of encouragement and inspiration.
Have been • receiving The Expositor
pretty regularly and have been able to
keep tab oh what was happening in
old Huron. Well Mother, I must close,
Your affectionate son,
NORMAN
WHAT TO SEND IN CHRISTM
BOXES TO BOYS OVERSEAS
The following letter which appea ed
in the London Advertiser of a recent
date, contains many useful hints for
overseas Christmas ,boxes, and was
written by a Seaforth girl, Nursing
Sister Neelin, daughter of Mr. and
Mr. F. G. Neelin, of town.
"So many have asked me for Sug-
gestions along the line of boxes for
the boys, so to save time I will write
a few Imes for publicatio ou have
not the slightest conception how your
, boxes are appreciated in the hospital.
For the last two years I have had the
enviable pleasure at the Christmas
seasons of distributing -gifts among
the boys in the wards. The eager eyes
and outstretched hands make you re-
joice to think you have something to
give. 1
Of course, socks are a welcome
eight, and if the women here could see
iust what I have seen,they would
never grow weary of knitting. There
is one drawback just hem, The dis-
- HURON NOTES
-At a meeting of the congregation
of Whitechurch and Langside, held in
Langside chierch on Monday afternoon
a eau was eateniisii3O- Rev. !SILL, Sotki,e
of --Melntyre, Otitario.
---eA quiet -wedding took place at
the manse, Londesboro, on Wednes-
day when Miss Matilda Hesselwohd:
became the bride of Mr. J. D. Mel-
ville, Rev. J. Abery perforrnhig the
ceremony. After the nuptial knot
was tied the newly -wedded couple
went to the groom's home in the vill-
age.
-Mr. J. R. Holmes, of Hohnesville
while picking apples, had the mis-
fortune to fall from the ladder and
fracture three or four of his ribs. This
is the fourth time a similar accident
ha e befallen Mr. Holmes.
-The subscription price of the Exe-
ter newspapers, the Times and Ad- .
vocate have - been raised from $1. to
$1.50 per year. The increased cost of
producing a weekly newspaper makes
the new rate necessary. This makes
practically all newspapers in Huron.
County at the $1.50 -rate.
-In the contest for the prizes given
by R. Proctor., the secretary -treasurer
of School section No. 5, Morris, for
the best hoed and best mangoids by
the boys and the two best citrons
showed by the girls Richie Proctor.
won first prize, 41.5,0, for his row of
rnangolds forty rods, which weiglied
1675 pounds. Willie Parsons won the,
second prize, $1.00 for his row ofl
marigolds, weighing 1220 pounds. Ed-
na Jackson won' first prize, $1.50 for.
the l best two citrons and Mildred
Russell won second prize of $1.00.
-On Wednesday at high noon in.
Victoria street parsonage, Goderich,
Miss Lillian Lee was united ,in mar-.
riage to Mr. Norman Hunking, both
of Londeajsoro. Rev. J. IL Osterhout
officiated. The bride wore a suit of
brown serge and black hat. They
went on a driving tour to Loyal and
Fordwicli and on their return will take.
up housekeeping on the farm of Mr.
Frank Tarnblyn on the 13th concession,
of Hullett.
tiP
-After an illness' of -several weeks,
Mary Jackson, widow of the late M.
Walker, of Wingham, died on Sunday
of last week at the home of her son,
Elisha Walker, on the 12th concession
of East Wawanosh, in her 82nd year.
Mrs. 'Walker was one of the pioneeres
of East Wawanosh, having settled on
the 12th concession with her late hus-
band fifty -rine years ago. Here she
resided until eighteen years ago when
Mr. and Mrs. Walker retired horn the
-
farm and moved to Wingham. Mr.
Walker passed away eight years ago.
-The Goderich Signal of last week
says: "Constables have been scouring
-
the coUntry adjoining Goderich, the
last few days looking for two gunmen:,
who held up Chief Postlethwaite on,
Monday evening. " Word came in by
telephone front Colborne township that
afternoon that two men had entered
a house near Nile, demanding food and.
acting in a rough manner, and Chief"
Postlethwaite went out in an automo-
bile, accompanied lay George Beacom
and a chauffeur, to apprehend them.
He came across them on Varcoe's side -
road and ordered there to get in the
car. In reply each of the pair pulled
out a revolver, and the Chief was told
to get into the ear himself and get
away. As the hoboes had the better
of the argument the Chief took his
departure and returned to town for re-
inforcements and artillery. When the
party got back to the scene of the en-
counter the gunmen were nowhere to _
be seen, and enquiries by telephone,
through the township failed to locate
them."