The Huron Expositor, 1917-03-16, Page 1FIFTY-FIRST
:WHOLE NUMBER 256
IL0•00•00000000000000010.1
nents
ust what
and best
Our ob-
sou the
Store
Wh
Values
are
the
Great.
You
Will
Find
We
Pay
Charges
Parcels
Sent
To
You
By
Express
or
Mail
New
Spring
Coats
$10
tO
Eggs
Wante
Eggs Jfan
visit
ecniaiestio".1101:0441141-4-
111111111111111111111111111111111111111111011 111
xreig
Clothing
- Second to Xone "
Co'.
Boys' Clothin
-ate
If you find it difficult to get
what you want in Boys'
Clothes, we would suggest
that you try :Our Store.
Boys' Clothing is one of our M
chief departments and spec-
ial attention is given to ev-
ery detail ot Boys' Wearables.
Our New Spring Suits are
specially attractive and, both
parents and son usually have
no trouble agreeing upon a
choice. We can fit the boy
that's hard to fit and we can
please the boy that's hard to
please.
Suit price $4.50, 6.5o, 8.5o
Odd Knickers $1, 1O:200
$3,50, 4.50 ea
25C to 75c
50C to 75c
Boys' Raincoats,
Boys' Caps
Boys' Shirts
IIMEIMINI11111111111MMIllatillab
Hat Days Are Here
I Select your New Hat from our stock
I of Hats -The Largest i. 4 Countiek;
1
No man should wear an un-
becoming ht, sonimen do
because they go to be wrong
place to make selection.
Let us----ihair- youl the Hat
that you should wear.
Prices
$1 to $4.50
-
From the best Hat Fashions
in the world
New Spring Caps
50c to L$2.00
A NAT FOR MAT MS,
Fine Tailor ing
IWe showing a ma,vnificent range of fine suiting& a
The purest of fine wools -and the old reliable'dyes in -
every piece, blue and black suings, color guaranteed. m
are
=Fs,
Price. 0 $ 000 0100100 0 60• •006•00 * s *** ••e. ******** 0•11••$32 to$35
Ilad.e-to-Measure in our own reliable'
way
sweet
�k
Spring Coats
-stSieiislegitea
y ,
.e.4r4
4410t*t.alt,.
?lel" s.... •-•*'"
0- aft tit ot a ,T. '
7 0,-,
_ktfirgriqi It at- ,a..
OF ft fat N-* fit it .- pii
kis, i 44 Of it i I 4 ..,,,, 1
0.7....,
_• L• -1 • lair * *. t • #7*,;‘,
tat: irt1:17:1a4 "
11).
01 **Ai • *
', -10401 .11A a, A 4N•IP
illtiViir It'A,":11 it:, /,_.714
° ii4KI#4W 01 111 0
'a 1 Ir4.1 '40li
11'1'14. . 4'4 Igi" 1 4
it+ i a apt *4.-* 4
fri **4:* • •'41 I
1:
'
11 illt-,'*-••••6 ir• 1 t
- - ego ea ei sees-. 0' :
° .
eeit.1*--
IIli,
41+1t
...41,111:
:a1144.1 a t 47. 4 a4 ' '0 0,44,*
1410 CO tie ,., 4*_ , 1 .4
t114, 9 I* 4. • 4,, 4. , ,„
. 4, * 0,
. 4, • .
.. iks„ , , ,„1, it ** 4 ,...1•
. , I, * •
1!11411 It t* ,t, • 4# 2 •
"a. ' . • , ,
r 1
1 „
smarammsaerowwwwbet
N01.000011000100
{McLEAN BROS., Publishers
$L50 a Year in Advance
SEAFORTH, FRIDAY, MARCH 16, 1917
0.0.01100000000010100
A DAY WITH THE CANADIAN'S IN an hourly and dolly contraet between little procession of shattered-looldngthands to take away our food, which. the veil for a moment and to give the
•
North America* life and ours. It is enemy prisoners, with their crest- we ought to have, but do not get,I reader a brief glimpse of the varied
(By Lord Northcliffe)
the French Canadians only who have , fallen officers, all in very different
an advantage Over the others. Bina I mood with those whom I conversed 12
'A brilliant late summer Canadian them in a Ftench village and they are months ago. They were not only
morning in Winnipeg -Labour Day, -
when hour after hour a procession of
stalwart trade unionists, with their
music, and banners, passed along the
American looking streets bearing
proudly the emblems of their trades. Byng and Ins Caned= generals
The half-forgotten scene was .m have utilized i the specialities of the
my mind as I waited by the roadside gaily work of the Canadians With
in Flanders to see the same men, signal effect. Be and his officers get
square -jawed, on their way throngh together, to use an expression often
the 'iairow to the ordeal of the firing heard in Canada,- continually in con -
line. For some of these Canadians it ferences and lectures. By this means
was there first trial; others had been they have fotind out axactly what
"over the top" again and again in can bring to beer in beating the Boehe.
the raids in which they had been so One specialty is Map -making and sur -
at once at home with the inhabitants cowed, but what I had never seen in
Their LOUIS XIV accent does not differ 'Prussian officers before, shabby as to
as much front the ordinary French as 1 their clothers. It was explained to
do the argots of, let us say, Picardy me by a Carmalian who talked German
and the Midi, that it is the arrival of the big guns
that has alarmed them. For years
they lied relied on big guns and now
the gritish and French have bigger
guns.. Something that had neer en-
tered finto the calculations had appear-
ed.
Let' me quote from some documents
captured upon them. Hera writes a
lieutenant of the 170th Regiment:
"You are still in Champagne and no
longer in. the witches' cauldron on the
edge of which we are sitting, always
waiting. Dering the last few days
the air has been alive with aviators,
and still more so with heavy aliens
which have been flying over our heads.
Yesterday, noon, there was an intense
bombardment, frightfully near us, at
Beaumont, and an attack which is said
to have been repulsed. The number
of guns and of the heaviest calibres
too, that the English posses is un-
canny, and the amount of ammunition
they fire off quite fabulous. And in
addition, which is so bad, their air-
men are constantly over our eines, within easy reach of London and Pans.jcanvas bandoliers, each containing 50
It is the . German object to deta.ch ' or 100 rounds of ammunition, being
discover our batteries so that they
maybe peppered, and are always at -
these armies of durs and Scatter thein ; hung beside them. The large stocks
i
tacking our captive ball .
balloons, which is in sackets all over the world, , of reserve ammunition are kept in
the same thing as smiting our eyes outin order that we shall not kill so many strong wooden boxes in special bomb-
.
IVIeanwhile the sky is black with Prussians and Bavarians. The Can- proof dugouts in each traverse. In
captive ballons and hostile airmen-
dwho are .a clear-sighted people similar dugouts are the reserve hand
gut of that I will say nothing, it wourd
aaeentlinsts'orned to big tasks, see this situ- grenades of the bombing parties, rifle
be merely pouring water into the Rhine ation very plainly, and one leaves the grenades and ammunition for the
Solely the English artillery, the Eng-
magnificent Canadian Army .with a trench mortars. Inspection over, ra-
lish Flying Corps and their balloon. feeling of content that they, at any tions and mail are distributed. Rations
observation, have given them the sue-
rate, have not been recklessly dispers- . and mail are brought to the firing line
cess they have attained. That they
ed, but are a compact wedge and iser- during the night by the fatigue -parties
have gained no more in spite of all Petual menace to the great body of The company sergeant -major sees that
is due to our German infantry. we Germans immediately facing them in the supplies are divided and handed
could save several thousands of lives the dreary snovrscape of North -Wes- over to the sergeant of eaeh platoon.
.
if we only had the English airmen and tern France
The platoon sergeants then give Is
E Aeach corporal or lance-eorporal
AVERAGE VALUOF FARM LND
gunners. It makes one despair when
cne thinks of it all." charge of a traverse his section's ra-
successful in capturing and agitating
the enemy.
1. •
appearance, Canadian soldiers
of whom we hee too little in London,
owieg to the aetion of the Canadian
Government in segregatig them, more
elosely resemble British soldiers than
any of the others from overeas. Many
are of a great stature, especially
the Scotsmea from Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick and Cape Breton, some of
the descendants of the disbanded
Highland Scotch regiments Of long
ago. Quite a number speak Gaelic.
Most of the other English speakers
are of the strong Canadian and Amer-
ican type, which has resulted from a
generation or two of the natural fife
of the out-of-doors men. The French
Canadians are smaller, but they are
veying. For • obvious reasons the
Canadians are probably- the greatest
map makers ift the world, just as they
are the greatest railroad builders.
They are map -makers by necessity.
for they have a rich and largely un-
developed territory 40 times the size
of the old country, which is being
mapped and surveyed continuously.
For the better accomplishment of
their purpose they have not only
developed their own map -makers, but
have absorbed the best talent from
Europe. That akin has now been
developed in the Canadian Army in
France. When I revisited Sir Julian
two features a his small personal
workroom attracted 'my attention -
the theatre posters of the Bing Boys
and the red-letot maps showing German
wiry. • positions of yesterday afternoon which
The Canadian, front in Fraire is al had been already photographed by
replica in miniature of the whole vast i aviators, developed, mapped, printed
Dominion. It is a world of the rand and circulated up and down the line.
I
roads, the fotests, the farms, -the This w'ould be "going some" even in
mines, the lakes, the rivers, the banks, Fleet street Aecurate photography
insurance, real estate, the lumber and mapping of the enemy's lines is
__
camp, and, dare I whisper it even a life saver of the first importance.
politic. How often in the earlier days :of the
The Canadian soldiers have had good ward did we bow our heads before
and bad luck. At home many of them heavy casualty lists caused by Ina -
are accustomed to and willing to.rough chine guns from a - German trench
it in all sorts of ways, and they were, that had been overlooked in the plan -
therefore, inured to discomfort. They ning of a bombardment!
had not experienced damp mud, land
,the dreadful mud of that very
rainy winter on Salisbury Plain
was a piece of real misfortune.
They bore their trials nobly, though
so arduous were the conditions that
the actual mortality was serious. All
their ill:luck, however, has now been
more than balanced by the all-im-
portant fact that they have secured
for their leader one of the ablest, as
well as one of the best liked, generals
in the whole war -Sir Julian Byng, a
worthy representative of a great fight-
ing family,
The Canadians call themselves the
Byng boys, after the popular musical
eotnedy., Quite, let* they ,gaily
naiied back frongivrti hin e few 'arils:
of the artillerirdbiarrage that "The
Byng Boys tire Here," denoting their
arrival at the second German trench.
There is still an old lurking sus-
picion of the imperial officers which
lingers in- the overseas - mind, and
dates back to General Braddock's mis-
handling of the American colonists
and the treatment of young Colonel
George Washington, then fighting for
England. These doubtings do not
apply to Sir Julian Byng, who has the
absoluteconfidence and affection of
his warm-hearted and practical army.
• Sir Julian is a big,well-made man,with
strong jaws, strong ears, and a strong
walk, distinctly handsome, with dark
• blue eyes. I wish that the French
and German: custom of circulating
photographs and coloured prints of
their generals could be adopted, and
that Byng's picture was as well known
in Canada as Nivelle's and Petain's
are already known in France. His
military experience is as complete
and varied as that of any officer at the
war. He was in the Sudan expedi-
tion, went through the South African
campaign, was commander of the en -
_W.. tire Egyptian army, emitted distinction
g1
in, the Dardanelles and is now the idol
--am of the Canadian corps. His Canadian
a colleagues, General Currie, General
me.
ea Watson, General Lipsitt, and French
Canadians with names like Dubuc and
Papineau, all speak with the same en-
thusiasm of their ehief. . At his right
hand is General Currie, a huge On-
tario man, who made his way west,
gathered in a fbrtune in heal estate
Fe ready when the fine tT..
day s come, Early choos-
ing of your new s-plipg
garments is most ad-
visable.
New and attractive coats M
are here, either in fan-
cy patterns or in rich
blues and black. The
designs are beautiful
and prices low.
Coats..••11••• • 0 • • 0
Suits...........
0 0
to $25 •
..$12 to $35 I
We make Suits and Coots to
your measure,
Th Greig
Clothing Co.
E-71
SE AFORTH
wommimmomillomommomilmaimill
m
have heard it only too often fron. routine of day life in trench town
soldiers that if we had better leader- as the writer knows it. Just be -
ship we should often have been able
to do something without heavy losses.
but)Ye are generally too late, or do it,
in the wrong way with heavy loss. If
the young officers did not swank so
much and treated the men more like
human beings we should be more
eontent, and more 'Would be accom-
blished; but we hate our officeree We
are bountr to, for what miserable
grub we get, while those swine live
on the fat of the land.
"Here in Tenbrielen, where the air-
men throw bombs, and where we -shall
get artillery fire very shortly,there is
a dugout for the officers, but none for
the men. In this 'wholesale murder
we get to know comeletely how much
we are under the knout."
foredawn patrols and working patties
return from No Man's Land or the rear
to their respective trenches, where
they find their comrades, each motion-
less at his post with loaded rifle and
bayonet fixed. One hour before dawn
every available man of a trench garri-
son stands to arms, each remaining
at his post until the coming of day-
light, makes a surprise attack by the
enemy an impossibility. Often the
returning patrols bring with them a
few prisoners -members of an enemy
patrol or working party captured in
No Man's Land. The prisoners are
despatched under guard to headquar-
ters in the rear, while the inexnbers
of the working party,dispose of their
tools and take up their position in the
Expresions of misery such as these defense line until "stand down" is can -
are being voiced by most of the prison- ed. At stand down, after the sentry
ers captured anywhere between Al- posts and reliefs have been inspected
sace and Nieuport, but especially on by the officer commanding the seetion,
the Somme and Ancre. Excursions to j the men carefully -clean their all-im-
other theatres of the war are regarded portant rifle and bayonets in prepare,
as more or less joy rides by the Prus- time for rifle inspection. During rifle
sian and Bavarian soldiers. j inspection each man's ammunition
The citizen armies of Britain, the pouch is examined and refilled
Dominions and the French peoples, if neceesary. The rifles with bayo-
have anchored the greater part of the nets fixed, are then placed by the men
real German forces in front of them, at their posts, a number' of extra
I have described so many armies From a Bavarian: -
in outline, and the broad outlines of "The war fanatics and their friends
our armies are so similar, that I ought to go through this literal hell,
can only here deal with a few of the and feel its effects on their own bod-
marked differences. The Canadians ies, and then they themselves would
surely come to the decision: Peace,
peace at any price is the only maxim
that ought to direct the Government's
policy."
A Company Report, 5th Guard Gren-
adistr Regiment: -
"I urgently request that I may be
relieved to -morrow night, in case no
relief takes place to -day. The men
have to lie in holes (;•Wre Aare no
longer any dugouts in iny sector) .
In addition there is very brisk and
welliaimed artillery aZed trench mor-
, tem Are. ; We. are wa--vamixeted men-
tally and physic -At thatetvitfi the best
will (and that is not lacldng) litre are
no longer in that physical state of
readiness that is absolutely essential".
A private's letter: -
"Not a day passes but the English
let off their gas waves over our
trenches at one place or another. Peo-
ple five or six miles behind the front
are great as raiders. Each raid, as I
have before pointed out, is a battle
in miniature and eometimes quite a
large battle. One of the very first
of these modern raids, if not the first,
was successfuly asicomplished by the
Canadians at Meniirtes. fmd that
people at home do not quite realize
the significance of these sudden viol-
ent pounces on the German trenches.
Their effect may be gathered from
some. of the German documents with
which. I will conel this sketch. In
• t these
whiCh sni I move-
ments for the identifieation of oppos-
ing forces, are now a successful means
of breaking the worn German moral.
Snow and frost have been no deterr-
ent to the Canadians, to whom 20
and even 40 below zero are not un-
known.
What surprises the war investigator
is not only the quickness with which, have become unconscious from the
the Dominion men have taken to war- tail of i the gas clouds.. Its effects
fare, but the completeness with which are felt at even 71/4 ranee behind the
their Government has equipped them front. One has only to look at the
Armies. The Canadians brought ev- rifles after a gas attack to see what
erything with them, from highly skills deadly stuff it is. They are red with
ed surgeons and nurses to maple su-
gar. Every one knows that there
are no better hospitals in the world
than such institutions as the Royal
Victoria in Montreal, and Canadian
itersing is famous' all over • North
America from Edmonton to Quay
West and North Sydney to San Fran -
rust, as if they bad lam for weeks
in mud. .And the effect of the con-
tinuous bobardment is indescribable."
From a man of the llth R .1. 1.
"We entrained at Savigny and at
once knew our destination --our old
'blood bath,' the Somme. We relieved
the 119th on October 7th, and had
cisco. R was to be expected, there- dreadful casualties that night. The
fore that despite the criticisms of 9th company dwindled to 29 men; two
disgruntled politicians the Canadian
medical arangements in France would
be excellent. One of the best I have
seen since the beginning of the war
is the fine hospital at St. Cloud, just
outside Paris.
I spent a couple of .days with the
Canadian soldiers and found that they
had no cause of complaint of any sort,
except that, unlike the British, they
cannot go home on leave, and ore
therefore doubly exiled- and that they
platoons were taken prisoners, and
the rest were buried in the dug -outs.
Our company has up to date lost 30
men."
From a letter written by a man in
hospital: -"Our regiment was sudden-
ly taken from Flanders and flung into
the Somme district. Twelve days we
stayed there and were completely
smashed up. Ten days I entered that
hell and came to the end of my
strength."
•
were equipped with the Ross rifle, From another: -
which they told me was an excellent• "Yes, my dear comrade, I have been
weapon for match shooting, but a real on the Somme but can only tell that I
friend to the Boche as a Nova Scotian have been through a great deal in :this
and insurance in the deligntful town I�vn1ned.. when it comes to warfare. war. Such a slaughter of men as
of Victoria, B.C., and has proved Fortunately it does not take a lam -
himself as good a soldier as man of adian long to make up his mind. The
business. He is probably one of the n the army, and Ross rifle was automatically abandon -
biggest generals ied by the soldiers and they are now
certainly one of the most silent. Gen -
armed with our serviceable weapon,
eral Watson, whom I have known for which is as able as any to withstand
several years, is the owner of the
Quebec Chronicle.
From General Lipsitt I learned
much 'about the very varied constitu-
ents of this most interesting army.
I had previously visited the Canadians of a considerable portion of emigrants
when young Captain Papineau, a des- from the Old Country. Latterly, na-
mily, tive born Canadians have predomi-
cendant of the famous rebel faxiated. In fact, on my second day
and a Rhodes scholar, had given Me
some of the information I record in with the. Canadia ntroops I encounter -
this brief account of a great under- leing but Canadians both French about other states, and the German
taking, and English speaking, wit'h the Ameiii- Government is far worse. The Ger-
ed not .
the mud and violence of war.
Just a word as to the constitution
of the Canadian Army. The earliest
contingents were naturally composed
there was there el have not yet ex -
perienced, for in twq, days our division
was wiped out. .1 cannot help wonder-
ing that I came through with a whole
skin,but there were not many of us."
- From a man of the 3rd Reserve Er-
satz Regiment: -
"The officers we have up to the rank
of captain are mostly boys, who have
no idea of anything. They draw
high pay and have food and drink in
abundance. We, on the other hand,
live miserably. We do not receive by
a long way what we should. The Ger-
man Government is always -writing
For the whole of Canada the aver tons and mail, the men gathering ex -
age value of farm land held for agri- pectantly around while the corporal
cultural purposes, whether improved calls •oht the name of each •soldiery
or unimproved, and including the value 'With. his rations a mattis given suffic-
of dwelling houses, stables and other lent water . to meet his day s need. .
farm buildings, is approximately $41 The .water is brought by the carrying
per acre, as compared witli. $40 last parties from the regimerial water -carts
year. The average values by prov- m the rear. Often owing to heavy
inces are as follows:. Prince Edward shelling of the communication trench-
Is/and $39; Nova Scotia $33.6; New es,rations and iwater cannot be brought
Brunswick, $29.4; Quebec', $52 -Ontario up to the firing line when the mein
$52.5; Manitoba, *32; Saskaiehewan • n2nai.y. be compielled to fall back on their
$23; Alberta, $22; British Columbia" ; ---rgLf'ncy- iron. rethnui-bully beef
$118.5. In the last named previricZ and biscuits; °awning water, per
pump in the court -
the higher average is due to orchard- haPs frilin simmi.
ing and fruit growing. yard of a rumed house near the
Average Wages of Farm Help trench,or, failing this, a hole dug In
The averse _wages paid for farm the trench floor.. The writer remem-
high& ilev -*.i„t-4` iii ny previous " draft - 4ta3="i In elna iiatte*; vial'
lected. For the whole of the Domin-
year for which returns hav-e been col- I eliNeedrefitiesll; bet(litaeitii 1,7egglieawgegaterigfrriimp4ee
ion the wages per Month during the fying tablets. Fires are kmdled in
braziers, which are made from old
buckets, biscuit tins or petrol cans m
which holes are thrust with bayon'ets.
the necessary wood being brought up to
the trench" by men from their pre-
vious rest billets, lazy wreaths of
smoke rising from the trench soon
show that breakfast is in preparation.
Breakfast over, the fatigues of the day
commence. Work between the tren-
ches can be done only under -cover of
darkness,but much remains to be done
in the trench itself, where the workers
are wader cover. Perhaps the trench
is a new one,then it must be deepened,
floor boards must be laid down, and
posts and ammunition stores must be
built, dugouts for the men must be
erected.
cans I described the other day. The man Government deceives the people
Each of the British Armies 111 French Canadians have so far not en- in a very shameful way: One sees
One of the keynotes of the .Canadian listed in numbers commensurate we
France has its own characteristics
character is quick adaptability. The the population of the great French
provinces. But those who are in
boywho works the lift m e Van- 'France are enthusiastic soldi
th
couver hotel and tries to sell you a ers.
Their enthusiasm is largely for the
corner lot may, within 12 months,• cause of their French kinsmen. It is Grete, if I should happen to not return
be running his owni real estate office . probable that if the French side could then think how I have written to
or cleveiopmg some industry far away . be explained in Quebec by -some of you about it all, that the gang has
on the Yukon. . The atmosphere .Of ' the brave French priests from the caused us to be -killed for fun and for
adaptability in, that climate is in- trenches French Canada's share would sport. It is very different from the
fectibus The London suburban clerk 1 be more worthy. 'To meet them English. This is why they have not
who has stood the dull imprisonment i marching along a cobble -stoned road. nearly so many losses:. If only one
of tube, typewriter, and bed i sitting -j of Flanders, dressed exactly like our of us shows himself, then they use up
room until nature has burst his bonds !English soldiers, but speaking French plenty of ammiinition; but they work
catches on to the Canadian life in 'is one of the thousand confusing inci-1 in hundreds without cover and our
most cases with a rapidity that is due I dents at the front. Captain Papineauiguns don't fire. They are not allowed
to the vitalizing sunshine and the op- ;told me that these Canadian. French- to -there is a shortage of fiMMUTUt1032.
Ortunities that offer themselves to ' men have brought back to France the The newspapers write, of course, that
' th enemy is short of ammunition.
balP fittriner linealiave reached a ber' with .1'ffe-eqi". rqaa.T a eciding
it now very dearly in this wholesale
murder. One can hardly help Sseing
ashamed of being a German. We
must turn auk rifles around and des-
tro the whcile Government. Dear
summer, includmg board, averaged
$43.23 for male and $22.46 for fe-
male help, aft compared with *37.10
and $20.20 in 1915. For the year,
1916, including' Ward. the wages av-
eraged *397 for males and $228 for
females, as compared with $341 and
$200 in 1915. The average value of
board per month is returned as $17
for males and $13 for females, the
corresponding figures of 1915 being
$14.57 and $11.45. By provinces the
average wages per month for males
and females, respectively, in the sum-
mer season, including board, are as
follow's: Prinee Edward Island, $31.35
and $17.81; Nova Scotia $38,77 and
$19.11; New Brunswick $35.74 and
$16.66; Quebec, $40.79 and $19.70;
Ontario $39.42- and $20.58; Manitoba
$48.55 and •$26.97; Alberta, *25.28
and $29.12; British- Columbia $49.36
and $28.66.
The average values of horses in
Canada is about the same as a year
ago ,but lunch imoves, other cattle,
sheep and swine show a substantial
increase and rail= values that are
higher than in any year since these
records began to be collected in 1909.
Horses three years old and over aver-
age for Canada $159 as against $160
in 1915; mulch cows are $70 as com-
pared with $62; cattle between 1 and
3 years old average $43 as against $38.
sheep average $10.48 against $7.69;
and swine $11.98 per 100 pounds live
weight as against $8,58. The average
•value of wool attains a record of 37
cents per pound for unwashed and
50 cents a pound for washed wool.
Using the numbers of live stock as es-•
timated last june, and the average
Of interest, here may be a brief
sketch of the growth of a trench from
the first shallow rifle pits dug by the
men under fire to the completed forti-
fication, with its detailed defences and
conveniences, its head -cover, drains,
pumps, etc. Let us imagine a case
in which after the assault, the enemy
first line has been captured, but not
the second line, and that the attaeldng
general desire to dig in at the further.
most point of his advance, using the
enemy first line trench as his new se-
cond line. The firing line of the at-
tacking infantry is lying in open order
under fire. Eaeh man with his en-
trenching tools, scoops up sufficient
earth as best be may, to fill the twei
sandbags carried as part of his equip-
ment during an attack. These -filled,
he uses as head -covers and continues
scooping until he has formed a rough
oblong whole in which he lies. Mean-
time front the eaptured enemy first
hisicomrades hold back the enemy
values now returned, the total value
continuous rifle and machine gun
of the farm animals of Canada maY by
the. Soon the man can kneel in his
be estimated at $798,544,000, as COM -
pit, and, discarding the small ireneh-
pared with $746,246,000 in 1915, the
mg tool, uses a spade with greater ef-
values of each description being as
follows: Horses, $374,831,000 as a-
gainst $370,378,000 in 1915;milch cows
$181,813,000 as against $164,224,000;
other horned cattle $170,254,000 as
against $151,477,000; sheep, $20,588,-
000 as against $16,225,000 and swine
$51,058,000 as against $43,942,000.
BETWEEN THE BATTLES AT THE
FRONT -HOW OUR MEN
CARRY ON. dry weather sandbags must often be
By night the battle is a, scene of
the earth inside them crumbles and
refilled or replaced by new onen as
great activity, but duinng the day
feet. The rifle pits are then joined
up by passages and a traversed trench
is thus formed. Finally cornnsunica-
tion trenches are dug to the support
line. The trench as originally con-
structed is of course, a very primitive
affair, the deepening and complete
consolidation of it entailing much later
er work. The woode nsupports of the
walls require constant attention, or
the walls themselves will fall in. II,
time no movement may be discerned.
Dotted over the shell ploughed land,
stands the roofless houses and estain-
inets of once charming little villages.
Here a heap of blackened ruins makes
the grave of a gracious church. There
a desolation of broken tvalls and char-
red wood is all that remains to -show
The site of a onee prosperous and
cracks, thus offering no resistance to
a bullet While the fatigue parties
are at work in the trench, pickesi
shots of each battalion selected for
sniping duty, harass the enemy, firing
from the trench or more often from
ruined buildings just in the rear. Oc-
casionally the unwary pilot of an en-
emy aeroplane brings his machine too
i low -when all stand to arms and with '
rapid rifle and machine gun fire assist
thheappcymmfatrnirysitieladirr. egSulatrertelibinegs, afeorrm°sse
the anti-aircraft guns in driving the
ing a, maze of tangled caves, are the
opposing trench systems; clearly in- plane off or btinging it down,
dicated by their white sandbag para. -
L
In the trenches breahlitee ie usually
temperamentally as "quitters." i old folk -songs -taken away y
'ancestors between two and three By that they mean that we ourselves pets. Comes to the ear, the s cca
say meal at twelve, and tea about five
everybody except those who are bornk prepared about seven o'clock, a
Sir Julian Julian Byng and is -C enacuan . centuries ago. Simetimes as they are. It is quite clear that GermanY I rap -rap . of a machine-gun, the crae A
generals have utilize/ this adaptability , pass through the French villages sing- is losing and is getting into a terrible of a sniper's rifle, or the deeper im-
vals of seiner and fatigue duty, the
in the afternoon. Betweexi the inter -
to the utmost, Be it remembered al- . ing their songs the old inhabitants state. It is all right for the upper ' perative note from heavier ordnance;
ways, that the Dominion troops are : come Out to hear lilts that had almost ten thousand. The canteens make a 1 yet neither infantry, man nor gunner vimite ho', play card
eiseeriences in contrast i passed from their memory. A Par- profit of two or three hundred per : may be seen to indicate the position men sleep,
read, or busy themselves in adding
kn to our OVM men. Whereas 1-isian journalist told me that their cent., not for us of course, as they 1 of the innumerable regiments and
. .
little luxuriee to their own private
----4-hto do but ior the officers' club. 1 batteries, whose home is in the battle
not Flanders is not very great, the differ- sea terms. The emigres of that tune The offieers here jive in great luxurY. zone. Apparently,
the difference in life in England and j rench had interming e
ence in Dominion life and European t were largely from Brittany and its In the line the officers are in bomb tiOn$ of mtermitent fire, there is no -
life is vast- The absence of sunshine ports, and to this_ day they continue proof dugouts. We, on the other hand thing doing. In truth, everything is
and the damp, the difference of the 1 the sea talk of their fathershave filthy, wet tumbledown holes. 'doing
diet and the surroundings constitute One of my Canadian glimpses was a The officers and others have it in their The purpose of -this article is to lift
A
aim
dugouts. And so the hears pass un-
til "Stand to Aries!" at sunset, ',roe
claims the end of another day.
401010 Pte. F. It. Flannergo
Ath. Canalans