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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Huron Expositor, 1886-03-12, Page 11886. V Goods and y House. e-tiadest • LINES OF Good LEAR ERIFICE, ,FAUL GOODS AND MITe HOUSE, ON.'t Var. Williams took Miss Kate Arden' Miss Martha Keine Farrow and hit er father's. ----On ac. ehangealtle weathete vIIIR10-111—Mr. Jan* entire horse to Mr. .—It is said that OW hers said he intendei Bengougle$ technic draw hispicture. it Giip would rept& }flowed ley a number whose tails hahl be axes, pen. atthe Kippen Ele h the surrounding MM. I tinihnited quarithyg ,- aria atiother varlet* a here iiismediatear sat ik. MCLE.S.Ta4.:i. 951.2 'still a few Felt overcoats, Caps, ese. ieft t doring the next weeksi He soh five gameasd on for be cents a gall* piain and sancy flannela sent variety in, tweed& , Wale. people are all becoes 'Mr_ Andrew Fawks 'or six weeks but sn ,-- is recovering. —3la reliant, is away is ;onto purchasing hit !Scott and Mr. Jels th -paid. Blaevale N James Ishii*, actor,. Ottawa,ant st merchant, Petrolik ;uL. Isisister, Morris. ,Setstt, of this -plack its here last weeti ;er has lately best ace of dredging fe i7elland canal.—Wift inar-load of Cattle it --Mr. Robert John hee'parchased a stat .! Robert Methirlatit ,! last was a, sum* ty &flare each.—lk tine '. young stall* ich turns the acalehit as sired by Honti er been, beaten in & S Mary and Jos f Samuel Wack,10114 e from their visit Ist . Bruce, of Brum* ty in this village of Morrie, for —• The annual mee f the Bluevale chef* ,I the 17th. tilt. 11 Lt the meeting was for the next sense . The whey.was ffer made was fa ode:. The p eeting was the. ess delivered by of Harriston. rincipally to the ki :or dairying purpolt ttera connected • His address illi, much interest, tat . amble informatio1. ear. --The band co; st Friday evening,a. filled, although tbi most stormy of tbi; pee -pie seem to ante inrnents. This is t season, andaltho .ch occasionnetht ! etericlance was auvoi ecasion Mr. C chair, and an el given, ie Mr. . Sel° all With etar1 exce .0 :Behind the Fle,°1* Monis, of Wingtre cl Secitek songs *low ..e: house every t11 j Seaforth, is a I was lustily enel'e,e, . Timmins and sr -..k, gave several ele elections, as didM itina Farrow pi_n, and Miss Sae to the formerteaw" was a disapein kir, throtighouts ,easant, and • EIGHTEENTH YEAR. WHOLE NUMBER 952. SEAFORTH, FRIDAY, MARCH 12, 1886. { MoLEAN BROS. ,Publishers. $1.50 a Year, in Advance. 4-) The South Huron Farmertai •Institute. As stated last week, the second meet- ing under the auspices of the South Huron Farmers' Institute was held at Exeter on Tuesday the 2nd inst. Mr. M. Mc- Quade,' president, in the chair. After a few introductory remarks the president called upon Mr. Saniuel Smillie, ,1 of Tuckersmith, to read his paper on ch was - ave re - paper. scions - among g She ortant shall a r - pe ect hat the pe " Hints on Horse Breeding," wh as follows : . After repeated solicitation hustantly consented to offer thi My reluctance arises, from a co ness that I should occupy a plac the learners rather than amo teacberi on this exceedingly in subject, horse breeding. It is not pretended that what present to you contains a new or fect theory. ,Intleed I believe no theory is possible for the reason beginning of animal life is wra mystery and because of our p ofonnd ignorance of the conditions beari g npon the development of the outward aniMal form in its early stages. Our kno ledge 0 of the subject must.theref.ore chi fly : The sum of our observations,nom arson of facts observed and deductions ere - from. And just here let me rema that the possibilities for good of F ers' Institutes are apparent to the est. Where could we compare our o va- tions more profitably than at meeting as tide is where the, gre portance of the subjects to be di must have drawn' together gen with such stores of observation periences. A freeinterchange of thought a gathering must be conducive gress 6f knowledge and this kno is the thing our people lack. general diffusion of knowledge i. we need and it is with the p therefore of profiting by your r thereon, I offer' the propositiOn is to follbw. Do with it as you with a sheaf of tangled grain, th run it through the fanning mill you find a grain of truth.in it kee seed. This is the PROPOSITION. rt In horse breeding the outer for n and on characteristics of the sire are mor deep - ss ly iniRressed upon. the extr m des. 2 of the offspring •than upo form of the body. That is to s an sire gives character or outward f he the head and neck, to the feet, lunbs and tail, while the dam_ gives t.mper, er 'dug power, and ,power of assirdlation. c- This conclusion rests on the fol owing 10 observation: 1st. The product of the 1 with of; the rs ; to im lis • he ass . • nd. tioi is op ing m he rotting cl • ' The recent warm wave is a reminder that spring will soon be on, and t at a change of salting' will be in order. Gentlemen leaving their measure at C- . Stewart sf Can rely on getting a first-ciassl suit made up in the latest style. Up stairs -opposite the Mechanic' In- stitute Rooms, Main Street, Seafor h. • —Recently, while splitting a s lid white oak log, which had been sa ed from a fine tree just felled, James 'd- ine, of the Governor's rosd, near Wo xl- stock,. was greatly surprised to find m - bedded in the sound wood eight aco es. They were perfectly sound, and •me even spronted a little, and lay in th og in perfect cavities, one above the ti er, up and down the length of it. —The Postmaster -General's • r shows the numberof offices in oper last year was 7,084, with 50,402 m. e post route; revenue ,for the year, 400,062, of which$2,325,489 was d ed from the sale of postage stem inereaee of $69,320 over last year. expenditure on 30th 3 wee last was 007,882, an increase of $166,494 lo last year. The savings bank tra i tions show - an increase of from 8 o per cent ' . e-Pa-yne's skating rink at New 1 berg was totally destroyed by fire, as 'th contents, about three o'clock_ Fri ay morning. It iS a supposed case of in- cendiarism. The ice was totally epoi -ed by unknown parties, who strewed alt over it a week ago, just previous i a prize masquerade carnival. L ss, $1,000. Insured in the Waterloo ;, fu- tile' for $500. 1 —Mr. Wm. Mann, father -in -1a' - of ex -Alderman Oill, formerly of Pt. Thomas, but ROW of Yarmonth Centre, met with a very painful accident last Friday afternoom While ' coming to that city he had occasion to get ourl1 of his wagon tofix the load, and when, e netting in again slipped and fell, Alik- a i ing the frozen ground on the }beak of his head and the eide of his face.! The scalp was torn frdre, the back Of the head, making a very ugly wound ; his face was badly cut and the nose twisted, ancl i his leg waea badly cut. [ --At an early hour Taesday morning of That week John Tiolimier, Esq., a well-known and respected citizen ' of Woodstock, died et his residence in that town. Heart disease is supposed to have been the cause. . He had been un- well for some hour s previously and ander the care of a physicianebut no serious results were anticipated. He retired about 2 o'clock a.m.,' and in the Morning was found to be ; dead. He was about 34 years of age, was born in Wilma., Waterloo county, and had Ire sided in Woodstock for about sixteen years. , , --A London jeweller, says the Free Press, got caught with a parcel of watch movements, chains and cases, amount- ing to or $500, a few weeks ago. The goo& were purchased in the United :ta.tes, shipped to Detroit, and brought across the river sub rose,. A.'. parcel was put in the Windsor express office, ad- dressed to a music dealer of London, and the cuetoms detective examined and seized it. The Music dealer knew noth- .ing of the contents of the parcel when i interrogated by a Government agent, • but the name of the bona fide consignee being stamped on the plates made the mystery a very transparent one. The chains were stamped " W. A. Y.," but it is thought all the contents of the pare eel were for one man. The case has been rePorted to the Government, and as yet no- decision has been given. It is prob- able that the goods will be confiscated without any further fine being imposed. - While in the Government lazaretto in New Brunswick the number of leprous . . . patient; is ' yearly decreasing, in othei parts of the Dominion the terrible dis- ease is making its appearance. British Cultunbia has become affected by the in- troduction of. the- disease through Chi nese inanigration. It is reported that dames Trask, aged 79 years, has just died ef leprosy -in the township of Bay - ham, near St Thomas. It commenced tome years ac in one of his toes, which gradually grs w worse until finally the 1 toe was comp etely eaten off. Both feet were finally affected, and the old gentle- man was entirely disabled.. For years his hones -were slowly but eurely eating away. A few months ago his Worst fears were realized, when both feet and aakles entirely disappeared, leaving nothing but , stumps. After ' this .he gradeally sank.into melancholy and this, combined with his great sufferings; final- ly robbed him of all reason about a months ago,since which timehe has sunk until death relieved him. • k, rn ul se ucjii a t im- cu sed le -nen d ex- . t such o pro- • 'ledge more what irpose mp.rks iich wpuld es h it, asd if it for Y; the the to jackass and the mare is an anim the head,-eare, 'legs, feet and tail ass, and the bulky body of the h wit, the mule. A very .different a produced by reversing_ the cros produce of the horse and the Je is shorter in the ear, bushy in t feet and legs like those of the hors It is observed that trotting a rarely transmitted by the gal horse, though it often is got fr gallopping mare and the sire. 3rd.- It has been Observ that the Many great imprO Wrought on the Clydesdale by th sion- of shire blood has aliva,ys bee way, which I shall describe: The dale ,reed has been described by writer as having good feet and le s, wo good ends, but a bad middle. it i a point of great importance to not ce t lat the improvement referred to has beei in every case Made by using th th'cle- middled Shite mare and the CI dest ale horse, while not a solitary .horse Of i ote has sprung from the reVerse c oes. I will read you a list of celebrated ip ize catches bred as I have vindizat d ith an infusion of Shire blood,- viz.: Pri ce of Wales; Prince 9f Avondale, R se - berry, Hawkheed, • Marquis of Louie, Victor, Lord Douglas, Roderic Prince of Altyre, St. Lawrenc Lyon, &c. The breedersof and Scotland acknowledge the this theory by the course they Many Clydesdale stallions are and used by English breeders w results, while but an insignifica t ea. ber of Shire stallions find their way Scotland. • • • The improvement wrought u Clydesdale by Shire blood has • b tirely through the shire mare. thus be evident• that there is these facts in support of, the th vanced. And but few -will d this is onesofsthe many points to sidered by the successful bree eme in lly an • o, ts fu- ne es- ble , L heel ru h 111, rd of p_nr ue. bleu ht th god ID- tO • fore .oty nY t be c er. follows then that if improvemm t Of r d m or a middle of •the horse is d,ee iii`found by using a thick-midal 11 of action and style then look re. ire pre-eminent in thee° points. , Now, a, a corollary to this proposition I w uld 1- dress a few words of advice to ireers of driving horses: I do not m an Car- riage horses whose main points ere size, lofty, atly en - e driver on the contrary is a horse of sma ler size, and whose excellence lies in b ing able to travel with a light vehicle m re miles per week, without injury, tie D, other horses. To accomplish this, he i nist aot be a high steppee, he must tr eel lbw and smoothefor high stepping n mins ieet beauty of form, coupled with dignified carnage, which is gr . . hanced by hie -I -I -knee action. T1 the wOrld, not only oi horses, but of ether Idomestic animals, with, at the same time, the power, to impress pro- portionate to the concentration. Per- haps no stallion ever had greater power to impress than the noted horse, " Rysclyk's Hambletonian," yet in his sire "Abdallah " united two • streams of " Messenger " blood,ea grandson and granddaughter, and in his grand dam other two streams unite, and these four streams in him. In the same way in looking over +he Clydesdale Stud Books we are i confronted' everywhere by pedi- grees of famous sires produced. by care- ful inbreeding. But inbreeding has its other Side. It undoubtedly impairs fer- tility, and this is. one of the greatest difficulties met by breeders of heavy horses, He who will; show- us how to remedy this growing evil will deserve well (if the farmers of • Canada. The wise breeder. will see that he uses no sire without proof of his belonging to a family' with a longpine of inheritance of excellent qualities. Then again in our haste to satisfy a demand for heavy - boned, hairy -legged horses we have been led to riake extreme crosses. This is a fruitful source of weedy horses, as Well as a fruitful source of much loss through the death ofthe foals. ' With regard, to the form of the Clydesdale, I add noth- ing to what . Mr. M clVlil I an gave in ;his valuable paper, read at Seaforth. In common with many others, I had at one time a .partiality for a ishort pastern, be- lieving it to be stronger than a long one, but when I saw the ponderous Clydes thundering along the granite street S of Glasgdw with their load of two or three was soon convinced of the neees- sloping and moderately long and pasterns to break the jar, and so arnage to the foot. In Scotland tons• , sity o spr in g avoid the sh rt, upright pastern is pniversally. condemned. . Another point upon which there is no disagreement among• judges in that Country issthat the horse 'must stand dose at the hocks. , • Behireelosipg this,papet wish l to refer to a second diffimilty plea by be eed- ers of horses, (I have mentioned infer- tility one) and. that is the very large -number of. deaths of foals from inflean- 'matory rheumatism. 7Have we • not a right to expect our veterinary school to throwlsome. light on this subject, and how.is how the great loss resulting 'from this disease may be avoided. ' Is this name " rheumatism " applied .to an abnormal condition, the caese and cure for'which are unknown. • • Ana -no w Mr. Chairmate I want to .g,ive expression to my. belief that Ontario PosseSseathe soil , the elimate,the seed and the food to produce the best,liorses in the worlds- and I see in the future, and at no distant. day, Ontario standing in the tame relation to the far West that Scot- land and England stand to Ontario to - ay. f.That is, Ontario will be called, on supply,ethe wants of the great West f r breeding horses. Shall we direct our nergies. to the supplying of this demapd, • nd shape our course toeseciire the gryl- st benefits from it, or shall, n -e slide long.' in. the old, and; much worn-out • -tut, nd grow grain at a loss. I say let s get ourselves ready for this trade that :I certainly coining. One of the meat ressing needs to secure the full benefit f this trade is a book elf record or regis- ration:for animals disqualified her entry the regular books, such as those hey- ! ig lets thainfour crosses of pure blond • nd those of mixed Shire and Clydesdale lood. When a dealer buys our animals nd 8ffers them her sale in the West, I -lust have something unimpeachable rove their breednig, or be.content ake the prices of underbred animals. 'ow that the project of publishing such book is under consideration, ,F have a ope that the breeders Of this ;district, ill, in this matter,as in_so maws °theirs, ,ome forward and liberally and loyaily ssist in carrying it to a successful isepe. There are those who: fear that mingl- ing the . blood. of the, 'Clydesdale and. 'hire will ruin both breeds. I havelno uch,fear. I believe that the excellence * f bOth. breeds spring, from , the same omie, viz, the Flemish horse. There certainly. a kinship between them, and he 'difference .that is fbund between - hem now, is the result of different cell- ( Wens of life, and 1 belieVe , that crostes n the lines I have indicated in this aper, will result favorably; so lariat ast, as the production of an excellent' ditidaal. - ••i - I - ' The ,President thought. rheumetis n, uch as that referred to .by Mr. Smil le, i- a disease of the blood; Originating fr m ver -feeding either of , the ,sire or dam utt disease inherent in either' ani al ,ilirlLsgu.rely be transmitted fo their ff- 1 he to to a Mr. Buchanan, of Hay, alluded to ther very injurious defect in colts. _ u starts on the stifle -joints -when o ly few days old, and the anitnal quits its eed, cea,seseto thrive and very frequent - y dies. It was thought by some that hese defects in colts is -the result 'of .onstitutional weakness, Occasioned tty xtreme crosses. He thought, however, hat the French mond is much lees likely o produce ' a " weed " than a leggy Nyde mare. The Clyde and Freneh- lanadian breeds assimilate well, apd uch. a cross usually predires a tough, only fatigue but pounded feet, 'ler this ardy, serviceable animal, , , e trotting sire :dead. notibe The President—Too much pampering reason th used, but the throughbred. nd too much idleness , on the part of Then there Is another twilit I both sire and dam are fruitful soure 4 r or perhaps _greater importance this point I expect a more in n - A if eq ial ( and on ai}ifli4lUs assent. You have all noticed ti at so le horses have a greater power ce'sta np their characteristics on their • ffspring than have others. How is thi. . Hew is this most desirable power -eCured S The excellencies of a race w in kng continued become fixed, and, as it were, concentrated, and it is found hat this fixity of character and power to iMpr Ss is greatly increased by breedin in he same family, in a word, by inl reedi It is found that though iniudi ious breeding may rapidly deteriora e ;a race; yet, judicious inbreeding hue rodu ed some of the most excellent spe imens in 4 1 dt.2.sehte in the offspring. I Mr. Shaw, of the Canadian Live :toils Journal, -Hamilton, said infer- ility is the great defect of Clyde horses in this country. The cause, he believed, s over -feeding and too little exerei e. • 'he horses are kept too lunch like b ef attic. On a recent visit to one of the argest importers and • bteeders of lydesdale stallions, he faund the a4i- als were turned out loose in afield flu • certain number of houreach 'day fpr xercise, and the owner informed him • ha- Very few of them failed to breed, , rid although turned , out together in his way they had never injured each then. He thought if horse* were given lenty of exercise the complaints of i fertility and other 'diseases now so pre- valent would soon disappear. Mr. Hannah, Tuckersmith—Most of the evils complained of resulted from over -feeding, and that the spring shows were largely responsible for this as it is useless to take, an animal into the show - ring with the hopes of getting a prize unless he is loaded down with flesh. It is now becoming a question if it would not be advisabile to do away with spring shows for entire stock, seeing that they do so much harm in this way. Mr. Smillie ithought it would not be advisable to do away with the spring shows as they; are a great convenience to farmers enabling them to see and compare the merits of most of the best animals with but little trouble and ex- pense, and he thought the grievances complained a are not so much due to the shows as to the people themselves as they are too apt even if theeesee a horse passing along the concession to condemn him unless hei is well rounded up with fat. People are gradually becoming - educated, however, to pay more Atten- tion to the record made by a horse and the stock he produces than to his 'ap- pearance. He thought a horse could be built up by muscle if the fat were prop- erly worked on him. Mr. Allison! thought horses were fed too high and over-worked during the season. Two 'services a day are enough for any horse. Some societies i Scot- land who select horses limit the c.twners to take only about eighty mares in the season while many in this country take twice that number. The general; concensus of opinion was that the general infertility of horses and the defects in colts BO much complained of was the result of over -feeding, lack of exercise and too much work during the season of serving mares, and that if these could be. overcome the evils com- plained of would soon disappear. ROABING TUE LAND. I Mr. Shaw, hhe editor of the Canadian Live Stock 'Journal, read a spirited paper on ,ftobbing the Land. He said this grave Offence against country and self might be committed in a two- fold way, at once positive and negative, as in taking away from the land its rightful due, or in withholding the same from it. Certain elements of plant- • food as nitrogen, 'phosphorus and pot- ash, have been committed to the soil by a beneficent Creator. Every crop grown upon a given area is a drain upon this fund, and when the amount of this plant -food rernoved is not given back in equal quantity in some other form, it will surely in time be exhausted. The truth of this positidn is so ap- parent that it scarcely needs demonstra- tion. A little child knows perfectly that where ten appleare his property and One of them is eaten everyday, that in ten days they will be_all gone, but that if on eaeh successive ,day he puts back another, as good, at the end ef ten days he will be just where he started. So is it withrthe cropping and the en- riching of the soil. To expect exhaust ed soils to reiiovate themselves is a vain hope, unless through the rest of long years. The. irestoration of fertility is never by miracle. That lands may be ustained in un- - dimished fertility is made clear by the processes of nature. South American savannas are vastly more fruitf ul now than at the commencement of. our era, and simply through the accumulation of plant -food grown upon the soil, Which enabled it n feed itself. tell the same then by the h ore and more liberally • to North -American forests tale. What has been done and of nature unaided can surely • be be ter done with the assist- ance of man, so that our soils, instead of diminishing in fertility if rightly managed, should continually ' grow richer. • There is nothing perhaps of • Which men are so prodigal as of the ele- ments of fertility. Farmers allow ma- nprial resources to be wasted out by the rains, extracted by the winds, or de- voured by fire -fang, the insatiable ap- petite of which is only appeased when the elements of plant -food are gone. • Robbing the soil of the elements of fertility is the greateet physical calamity that can came upon an agricultural country, worse than war, for after the frightful devastation of the battle field, a patient peasantry in a fruitful Coun- try can soon remove every trace of its destructiveness—worse than pestilence, for other people can build happy homes upon the graves of a decimated popula- tion—worse than earthquake or the tor- nado, for the pathway of destruction may soon bereclothed, even by waving forests rejoicing in the, rocking of the breezes—wore than ignorance brooding over the land like a dark cloud, fdr ag- gressive infl4nce from abroad matedis- pel this, and ,w-orse than the most tican- • dalous misgbvernment, for from the death -throes 'of' its latter end the birth of a complete renovation Maybe realized; but once rob a country of its fertility and it beconies a desert. Map -makers have said that a desert 18 "a large tract of sand or rock where nothing will grow," yet itis quite possible to make a desert of ordinary clay, or even of the alluvial deposit of river -beds by continual fleecing. 0.1tbe cripple the prod4tive- ness of an agricultural country, and you strike a severe blow at her prosperity, and most of the tillers of our soils must plead guilty here. The lands of Ontario have been robbed in many ways, as when muck , now trampled in mite is net drawn t� the uplands, whea manures are allowed -to waste in the handling in the solid or liquid state, and indeed when any ma- terial on the place in the Shape of plant food is allowed to go to waste that will more than ilepay the handling. I The selling of coarse grains off the farni is a woeful mistake, which cannot be Prac- tised long ha any country without a retributive punishment being meted out. • Men have grown rich by the process • of fleecing the land, and this it is ts-hich has clad it in a garment so deceitful. This class,have been called by onlookers succeseful farmers, but successful Spoil - era would be a more truthful term. A money -making farmer may be at the same time a land -robber. A successful farmer is one who has made money at his business, leaving his lands at the same time as fertile as he found them. What mean. those men who are selling store cattle to be finished in other lands, and who send after them the grain to fatten them? They are sending away Canadian phosphates and Canadian po- tash, that are badly imeded at home. Various methods may be adopted of sustaining the fertility of a soil either singly or in combination, as growing soiling crops which will increase the mannre pile, drawing muck from the places where open ditches are required and keeping a compost heap. Artificial fertilizers may be introduced, but always with a prudent caution, and never by those who do not make the most of the materials now at hand. But the great- est of • all fertilizing resources is barn- yard manure, therefore the land should be constantly stocked to its full capacity. The evils resulting from robbing the soil are many and vexatious. It results in a waste of one-third, or at least one- fourth of all the labor done on the farm, owing to the decrease in the crop re- turns, a poor crop requiring much the same labor as a good oneso far as tillage is concerned, there is also a correspond- ing waste ,_nf capital . in implements. These items in the aggregate are enor- mous, -as . Ontario hail 200,000 farmers, 311,587head of working hors* and $48,569,725 invested in farm implements.. It results in constantly diminishing re- sources, drives the young men away from the farm through discontent with the small returns, and rapidly reduces the resources of the nation. Farmers of Huron, and I may add • farmers of Ontario, I am glad that I am yet alive to raise my voice against this spoliation of my country. We are blessed with a splendid land, far above. that of skies a most b rich, a ed fore resurre contina any of earth's inhabitants ; our e sunny, and our atmosphere acing; our soils are, or were, d our rivers pure; our slaughter- ts will in a measure spring up to tion life, and our herds may etill e to be the envy of many lands, but what will this avail if the best of our 80 18 are banished, and our produc- urces crippled by the systematic 1 year after_ year of the richness ands? uchanan said Mr. Shaw's paper t one fault: It is so complete not permit of criticism. president said that in order to re - e fertility of the soil great care e taken of the manure, and par- ly of the liquid inanure, which ny permit to go to waste. The ing res remov of our Mr. had b it will •The tain t must tieula too rn cistant.ty of liquid is as one to three of bulk, while the actual value is to one even taking the solid pure. est way to preserve the liquid e is to collect it in a water -tight inserted at the back of the stall e it carefully each day and spread the general manure pile wliich be carefully piled in a yard where tle can be kept from tramping it. Smillie thought the most and best e could be made by keeping. the oose in an enclosure and furnish-• • m with plenty, of litter. . Russell, Usborne, has no troubl& ing manure from fermenting. As rom the stables he throws it in a nd is careful to keep the cattle off it as tiey tramp it too tight. The president said a good plan is to keep he pile well covered with SDOW so as to retain the gasses and keep them from iasting. • Shaw, in reply to a question said, an expensive way to kill weeds in pure pile. He thought it !better 1 solid i as tw The menu troug reinov it on shoal( the ca Mr. man u eattle ing th • Mr. • in kee taken _ heap Mr. it Was the m to put4the manure in the ground fresh and e 'ploy Men to kill the weeds.. M r. tank i wheel solid i about nule . Hackney, Usborne, has a large the centre of his barn -yard. He all his manure both liquid and to this tank, where he leaves it a week. He then draws it into a the field, keeps the pile well tramped down by driving the horses , and in the spring it is so well • he can cut it out in• cakes with vel. He believed in manuring. d from 1,500 to 2,000 bushels of a year, and -grain manure is a deal more profitable than any Although he had been cropping m steadily, he can grow just as as he could ten or hfteen years he took good care of his manure t plenty of it on the soil. Pickard, Exeter, said it was pos- crop a_ farm . and 'keep it clean, good heart, too. Plenty Of ma- id plenty of cultivation is *hat is d. Too much spring cropPing is utsource of dirty and impover- oil. ROOT CROPS. over 1 rotted the sh He f grain great other. his fa much ago, a and p Mr. sible and i nure requir a fruit ished Mr. practi care o crop o ly dra abrehes he wm ld spread them in the drill rather plent. lateryi as e good s N.entiv bTehei fore after plowi weeds forme block plants thigle as the they a indisp of sto bushel prefer aremar. growl get a I S. ,Hogarth read an excellent, al paper on the growing and root crops. To secure a good roots the land must be thorough- ned either naturally or artificial - enure well . in the fall. Leached re good on a heavy clay soil, and ally. Turnips should be sown not han about the 20th of June. He seeding thickly, as plenty of ed and manure are the best pre- • s from destruction by the fly. d should be well cultivated, both and after seeding, and rolled eing sown. He preferred gang - g to plowing, as he thought the were better destroyed by the than the letter. In thinning he d out at firet, leaving Several in a clump, and aftetwards . Pits should not be tod high, higher they are the more! liable re to freeze. He considered. roots ensable for the successful feeding k, and usually fed about one per day to each animists He -ed mangolds to turnips, as they urer and more prolific crop. Hannah, some • maintain that g turnips is a mistake as we only out 8 Its. of solid food for 92 lbs. a • 11 61 water. Many who never grow roots make more money by stock feeding than those who do. His own experience led him to believe that bran in conjunction with other grains was just as beneficial and more profitable than turnips if care is taken to water the anima% regularly. At any rate he thought turnips a very expensive food, and if given at all half a bushel a day for each animal is milli- eient. i 1 Mr. Smillie thought a person would maintain better health in his stables with than without roots, and that more benefit would be derived from them in this way than as a beef producer.- One advantage in raising turnips over man - golds is that they do not need. to be sown so early in the spring, and that with them the land can be better cleaned than with mangolds, as spring cultiva- tion is better for this than fall. -Mr. Buchanan had been very success- ful in storing turnips in the field. He uses no straw on his pits, but covers them with about an inch and a half of earth, or. enough to barely cover the roots. The whole mass freezes and the turnips come out in the spring as fresh as possible. He never opens the pit during winter. Mr. Peart said the best way to insure a good crop of turnips is to cultivate well in the fall, also manure in the fall. He thought turnips preferable tofman- golds for cattle feeding, as the latter are too soft. Mr. Shaw Would be sorry •to see far- mers go out of root -raising. It is not safe to feed too much turnips, but just enough to keep the animal in good .healthn Roots in this respect are in- valuable. As. an evidence of the bene- ficial effects of roots for stock feeding, he instanced the fact that the best pro- ducing stock centres, both in this and the old country, were the largest root growing centres. Mr. Allison gave instances, showing where in a dry season deep sowing for turnips had produced a good crop, while others not deeply pat in failed. Mr.L Jas. Pickard, Exeter, had been very uccessful in growing roots, and for many years had not inissed a good crop. He manures in- the, fall and plows twice in the fall and twice in the spring. In the spring puts fresh manure in the drill, and only opens a few drills at a time iiid sows the seed in the moist, fresh -made drill. A reat many lose a root ctop by leaving the land too loose. After heavy down kept f again sowing the seed he puts on the land roller and rolls the drills flat. • In this way the moisture is o the seed. He does not hill up , I Mr. Donald McInnes said the best and easiest way to _prepare land for root crops is to prow up good. sod, sow it to peas iia the spring, work it well in the fall again after the crop is taken off and then the next spring sow in roots. One of the great reasons for the failure of roots is, we have been in the habit of taking poor ground. By preparing the ground in this way a good crop can be raised with half the labor, and a good catch is seldom missed. . CREAMERIES. Mr1 John Hannah delivered an ad- dress lon dairying, confining his remarks iargeiy to the -advantage of the cream- ery system of making butter. He said the Principal advantages of creameries over cheese factories is that the skim milk Is kept at home'and is always nice and sweet for the calves, and in this way the fertility of the soil is better main- tained, as the benefits of the milk go to enrich the soil instead ef being carried off to the factory. He contrasted the profit t to the farmers between making the butter at home .and having it made in the creamery, and said that if all the buttee of the past season had been made in creameries' the difference in prices realiz d would have brought thousands of doitars into the country, which would , have ssisted materially in lessenipg the effects of the present hard times. He also explained very minutely the system upon which the gathered ' cream cream- eries are conducted, and showed the ab- solut certainty of each patron receiving Inc for the cream sent to the fac- y the system of testing adopted. o urged the desirability of sowing per pent grasses for summer feeding, asehe considered this better and cheaper than raising green -.feed and soiling:the I cows. •, . Mr. Hannah's remarks were well re- ceived, and were very generally endors- ed by the meeting. 1 • On the subject of permanent ninnies, Mr. Shaw said that many who had tried - them had been very successful. Mr. Rollings, of Forest, says the longer he works with permanent grasses the better he is satisfied with the retults. At Bow Park ' the result has been so successful that they have given up soiling. An- other gentleman at 'Belleville says be can get as much from one acre as he can from two acres-, of the ordin- ary grass. A great deal, however, depends upon the soil; if it is not pro- perly drained . it is not suitable for the growing of permanent grasses. He would advise caution, and it would be well for farmers to learn by experience what their land would do in this way. One . great advantage of permanent grasses is that there are, so many dif- ferent varieties that some are growing all the time. under -drained; 2nd, in moderately stiff land drains should be about two and a half or three feet deep aed seven rods apart; 3rd, that tiles are the best and safest material for draining with, and, 4th, that while a proper outlet is essen- 1 tial, land can be well drained although the fall is almost imperceptible. This discussion closed the afternoon session. full v tory He al The general opinion expressed was that thorough drainage is as essential for successful grass groviing as for grain, and if the lands were better drained grass would not be so much destreyed by heaving and winter frosts. VNDER-DRAINING. The subject of under -draining was introduced in an excellent paper by Mr. Wm. Buchanan, of Hay. This paper we shall give in full in a future issue, and our readers will find that a perusal of it will prove interesting and profit- able. 1 It elicited a lengthy discussion. The principal points broaght out being, —1st, That to ensure the proper fertility of the soil and profitable crops of any kind the land must be thoroughly THE EVENING. At the evening sessioii Mr. Alex. Dthican, of Usborne, read a particularly able paper on " Grain Growing and Stock Raising," hi which he compared •the relative mdrits of each, and showed. how both could be profitably carried on, A lengthy and, interesting discussion en- sued on this paper. Mie Shaw gave his paper on " Pre- paring Qattle for Shipping," and Mr. John .Allison gave some excellent sug- gestions on fruit growing and the proper care of. fruit trees, and Mr. Russel explained his method -of feeding stock. The proceedings closed by the elec- tion of the following officers: S. Tuckersmith, president; Robt. McMordie, secretary -treasurer • and the following vice-presidents: S. Hogarth, Stephen ; W. Buchanan, Hay; Thomas Russell, •Usborne; George Samwell, Exeter; John Ketchen, Stanity ; John Hannah, Tuckersmith ; D. D. Wilson, Seaforth. Canada. There are 475 women voters on the eity of Kingston voters' list for 1885. —A strong branch of the Knights of Labor has been formed in Dundee. —Last Tuesday a well-filled passenger train ran off •a bridge on the Grand. Trunk Railway near Belleville. Every- one was more or less hurt —Mr. A. Finlayson, a Grand Trunk Railway brakeman; had one of his hands crushed while coupling cars at St. - Thomas last Tuesday night, —Frank Dazelia, of •St. Thomas, while coupling cars on the Erie and • Huron Railway at London last Tues- day, lost two -fingers of his left hand. —Poundmaker and eleven other braves were liberated from Penitentiary at Stoney Mountain on Friday last. They went west to their homes in charge of the Rev. Father Lacombe. —Mr. J. P. McMillan, county crown attorney, Dufferin, has received from. the town coin:mil of Orangeville, $200 damages on account of injuries received by falling into an unprotected drain last fall. e --Samuel Stover and C. Bristol, cigar - makers, Windsor, have been discovered defrauding the custom s by not paying duty ou labels purchased in Detroit. Stover had- to hand over $861, and Bris- tol $926. —During 1885 thirteen new Orange lodges were opened, and nine dormant warrants were revived in Ontario West. The Grand Secretary of Ontario West reports an increase of 800 in membership, during the past year. -h-Letters from North Hastings re- peat black diphtheria very prevalent and cutting down many children, three and four out of every family. In other places in that section diphtheria and scarlet fever are creating alarm. —Two young men named Hogworth and McCarthy, of Harwich, have been arrested for breaking into and stealing from Cahada Southern bonded cars at St_Thomas. A large quantity of stolen property was foiled at their homes. —The Grand River Knitting Mills, Paris Carpet Factory and Peuman • Manufacturing Company send a large and varied assortment of their goods to the Colonial Exhibition in London, England. This is a pretty good show- ing for Paris. —One day last week as a Canadian Pacific Railway train wae going over a road crossing near Fergus, it -ran into the end of a sleigh load of grain. The train ran backto the crossing, buttithere was only a buffalo robe and a mau's bat to be seen. .No doubt the team ran away. No damage is supposed to have been done. --Wm. Rice, hotel -keeper at Inger- soll, was last week fined $50 and costs for illegally selling liqu:or. Wm. Ross and Wm. daisies were -charged with destroying roperty, and threatening parties who gave evidence against Rice. James was sentenced to one year in jail, end Ross to two months' imprisompent. —Chas. Anderson, while working in • C. E. Cane's gam, mill at Elora, Thurs- day afternoon, was lifting a heavy plank, when his hand came in contact with the saw, nearly severing it at the wrist, aid in endeavoring to free Kim - self his other arm was also caught and badly mutilated, —A funny case was tried at the divis- ion court in Paris last week. •A young Jad.y,with very pronounced blorel-e hair, went to a barber to have it cut He clipped it close. She had forinerly been nicknamed " Red Head," and on the - change her friends (or enemies called het "Bald Head." She in consequence sued the barber. • The jury awarded hef $5. —The body of a man aged 23, named. Jacob Henopy, was found the other morning frozen stiff lying on the road about eight miles from eMorrisburm From the appearance of the clothing' foul play is suspected. He left home in company with another young mem When found his hat and overcoat were missing. An inquest is being beide —Conductor W. Martyn, and Mr. A. Reeks, of the Michigan Central Rail- road, St. Clair branch, the other day secured an iceboat at Courtright and went out for •a sail. The wind was pretty strong and the boat flew along at a pace that so excited the trainmen that they could not navigate the craft, and before they were aware of it boat and oc- cupants had run into _ a hole, where ice- eutters had been at work. The train- men were -pulled outin a half -drowned condition. Both of them swallowed more water than they had ever before done in the course of their lives.