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The Huron Expositor, 1879-05-09, Page 4NEW AeD V.H.,RTfSEl\IENTS. eachers' Exarainatio s.—P. Adamson. anitoba-I-, Greed Tr k. Railway. o the Electors—Tho . Gibson. • ourt of Itevision—T wnship of Hay. leotion Address—A. Bishop. stray Colts—Matth w Purcill. eap Editions—C. . Papst. otograeby—Andre Calder. aforth *gb. School C."Clarkson. pooitor. ORTII, MAY 9, 1879. Doiibinion Pexliarnent. Although a good deal of work has la done during the week, hone of the . gislation; requires speci I comment. he Minister of Finance Iinroauoed1a ill propo ing all increase 5,653 pe a,nnurn toi the anitoba, to be contirfued he supplementary estima, ntroduced1 and amount to e on of dollars. As w 11 b aragraph . elsewhert th aw has ben repealed, an enate int rferes this law subsidy Province ?f or two yeaes., es have be n over a m1 - seen by a Insolven y 3. unless the 'will be no ore after the present session. It xpectecl t e session will close about he middle of next week. I The Geyer ent Ins ranee Bill has been wit awn. There is nothing known as yet especting the Letellier ratter, but expected. the decision of the Home uthoritiee will be given before the lose of the session. he Cost of Our Educational Syste In dealing with the exp. uses of the ducation41 Department, Mr. jackso , ib his campaign pamphlet, gives a table f figures contrasting the expenditure Of 871 with that of 1877. Ile also gives ool populea year, and ed to the educational s he draws Irt)O more High e number of school, sc fon and students in eac mounts which were retu eople in the shape of rants. Fora these pgur e following conclusion : "That 5,182 more scholars and t ehools entail an additional exp nse under the • dership of Mr. Mowat, In man ement alone, in • sum of -, $95,553. In other ords, it takes ,000 to distribute $86,000 to thel people." This is, certainly, it, serious charge, nd if it were founded on fact, the Gov- rnment wituld be very jukly censur.- bid. But as we sha I hereafter show, ;11 e charge is utterly aselei3s, and the LE nofacts do not by ny rdeans justify . In hi corapa,risIm Ilfr. Jackson t ils to giv Mr. Mowat credit for large mounts efhieh he is entitled tto, a,nd with amonntd for which spoesible. For instance, he him credit for the increase arge him with r the fund. The Ac passed b 's Govern Mr. Mowa o revent th a• and thu 1. • i the fund, with the tors for the eld is only he Publi a,ppointed June of that year salary. In charged by 's pay for a °tor, while ed by Mr. nd only a in the Pub - 1 a 18 harges hi e is not r ils to giv trevenue, iwhile ke t e increased payment, un f r superannuated teaChers ta,bliehing this fend wa r. Sandlield Ma,cdonal ent, and tve do not tiiiek axes other man darn keel teachers growing ol creasing the drains upon r. Mowat also is charge c st of Public School Inspe year, While Mr. El.aid arged foil half a year. S hool inspectors were firs -a der the new Scheel Act 1 71, _and consequently in o ly received a half year's t e same w ay Mr. Mowat is . Jacksoa with a full yea s wed High School Insp t at fitnctionary was appoin andfield ie June of 1871, year's elary is charged 8 • h ; le Accounts of that year. These are a f w of the missions and i accuracies hich hay led_ Mr. Jacksou to so er- ✓ neous a miclusion as that quoted. R ove: W shall now give the receipts the dePa raent for the years selected y Mr. Ja kson, viz.: 1871 and. 1877; iso the t >ta1 expenditure. We Filial t en give ie amountthat have been aid aired; y to the peeplein each year; d after, t d exceptional amounts ex- uded, an for which both arties ar0 e respo sible. We ill hen strike a balance lad see how t e account s ands as between Sandfield nclMowat. e may -here say that he - figures hich we give can be ieadily. found in e Public Accounts for. th.eI respective ars by reflerring to the pa. es in the dex nuder the heading of ducation. irst, then the receipts . an expendi- e e ceps in 11 7717 Increase ii 1877 E• penditure in 1871 ..... ... . 1877 a . t • G Li Increase i4 '77 over '71 Less bier° se in Revenue Aeua llneroase It will be seen from the e lucre°, e in the expen ducting tile increase in re 77,347; lut of this expen, Rowing a ounts were pad. over to O people, nd decreased th -local or unicipal taxation: 1871 ants to High School.. . .$ 71,48 ants to Conn.on Schools.. 178,97 •raries, Ap aratns and ......... . . 34, 94 perannuated Teachers.... 6,1 ... • • ....... • he paid to the people more than Sand - field, the increase in the actual expendi- ture of 1877 as compared with that of 1871 was but $44,267. Now, let us see where this am'ount • went to. The fol- lowing items aCcount for it all _except $6,183, viz,: '! Ilalf Year's Salary for Inspectors $11,527 " iHigh School Inspector1,000 Training Teachers 6,559 Maintenance Nomal School, Ottawa 14,998 Allowance to Rev. Dr. Ryerson 4,000 $38,08t Increase in ActnalExpenditure e44,967 Loss Above ExcePtional Items ' sou 96,183 The Inspectors' salaries, above given, are expleined in the preceding portion of this article. The item for the train- ing of -teachers was incurred in Con - motion with the County Model Schools, which. were established in 1876. The efficiency and usefulness of these insti- tutions Was acknowledged by leading members of both parties in Parliament during last session, and. is tangibly re- cognized by our County Council, who supplement the Government grants in this county by voluntary grantsfrem the county treasury. The estaltlish- merit of a second_ Normal School was strongly urged. by .the present leader of • the Opposition as well as other mem- bers on that side; and consequently in a comparison of the expenditure of the two parties, the increase which it oc- casions ehould not be used against the present Government ;• -while the same may be said respecting the retiring al- lowance to Dr. Ryerson. These items, therefore, having been approved of by both political parties, and not having • appeared in the accounts of 1871, are, clearly, exceptional and. should not be charged against Mr. Mowat for the pur- pose of convicting him of extravagance. We have, therefore, deducted them from the increased expenditure. This leaves an actual increase in 1877 over V 187.1 of $6,183, for which the present G-overnment are respousibe. But even this small increase can be more than accounted for _by the fact that there Were 582 more Public Schools in exis- tence in 1877 than in 1871. Our read- ers will not be slow to perceive that if e charge of extravagance is to be established against the preterit Government, it will be necessary toi se- . led some other department than that of Education. • The present G-overnment, cannot alairn credit for the existing school law. It was the work,of Mr. Sandfield Mae- donalcl's GOvernment. If; therefore, it is the beneficial law that we believe it is, to- that Governmeut belongs the credit; but if it is the expensive and oppressive law- that Mr. Jackson and some others say, they must lay the blame not on the Mowat Government, but on their predecessors. While the present Government have made some, few amendments, the main principles' remain unaltered. We have no hesita- tion in expressing our. belief that the Ontario school system is not turpassed by that of any, other country in the World. This belief is strengthened -by the fact that at the recent Philadelphia and Paris Expositions it was awarded first place by those who were thoroughly competent to judge._ That such is the seise should be a source of the greatest pride to every Canadian. As to the cost, we can only judge by comparison with other countries. From a recent speech in Parliament by the Minister of Education we gain seine very useful and important information ou this point. Tn 1877 , the inatntenance of Public Scli6ols cost, per capita of school population, as follows in the several countries named; Michigan New York State 6 12 " Nova Scotia New Prunswick • MaSsachusetts '2.24 48 per head. Ohio •860 " " Pennsylvania 7 60 " " 747 ig 657 "" 415 4t (g Auk:land (Board lichools) 10 00 " " " (Voluntary Schools). 8 00 " " Scotland. 8 20 " " ONTARIO $ 29' It The above statement shows that we have not only the best, but also the eheapest system of education; the per. sapita cost with us being much less than in the principal States in the American Union; less than in England or Scot- land, and less than in some of our own Canadian Provinces-, where nearly the same system is in operation. The cost of the all-important work of Inspectionin 'Ontario, which is fre- quently complained of as burdensome e35,450 by those not familiar with its value and 57,781 necessity, also conipares favorably with $22,331 the same charge in the principal States of the Union and in Great Britain. The following are the figures showing the actual cost : Pennsylvania. $177,347 Ohio bove that I ture after enue was 'ture the -.$351,306 550,984 22,331 Total Greats. $291, 18'77 tc 77,199 252,044 59,286 B5,484 $424,713 291,638 R turned to poople more in "77 than '71 8133,080 In 'rease in Expenditure in '77 over '71.— $177,547 R :turned to people in '77 more than '71.. 183,080 In ease in Actual Expenditure 6 44,267 t will be seen from. the above that af4er deducting' from Mr. Mowat's in - erase in expenditure the amount which $2 74 per head. 275 " " Now York State 1 51- " " Massachusetts . 46 " " England 20 " " ONTARIO 14i it tt Comment on the above figures is Un- necessary. These are facts which the people should bear in mind. They go to show that instead of our system being ruinously expensive, it is as remarkable for its cheapness as for its efficiency. Political Notes. —A mass -meeting of Conservatives is announced to be held. at Wingham, on Thursday next, the 151h inst., at one o'clock P. M., under the auspices of the Wingham Liberal Conservative Associa- tion, on which occasion W. R. Meredith, Esq., M. P. P., leader of the Opposition; Hon. Mr. Morris, M. P. P.; W. H. Scott, Esg., M. P. Pe; Dt. Holmes, Con- servative Candidate for East Huron; P. Kelly, Esq., Conservative Candidate for West Illuron:; G. E. Jackson, Es Conservattve Candidate for Sou Huron ; Robert Baird, Esq., Warden the County of Bruce, and several oth:r prominent Conservatives will be pr s- ent and. address the meeting on t re political'questious of the day. Arran:. : ments for reduced fares have been ma t! e with the railway companies. —Hon. C. F. Fraser was entertain d by his friends at a banquet given in t le Rosin House, 'Toronto, on Thursd y evening, of last week. About 200 per- sons sat down to supper. Mr. Fras:t delivered a lengthy and vigorous a - dregs. —.It is stated that our old friend, Ir. T. J. Hawkins, is to be sent up to o • pose Mr. Crooks, in North Oxfor• Poor Jahn Joseph,' the U. E. Club :1. waysgive him a hard road to tray 1. He _will find Oxford even a, less co .genial preserve for such a plant as e than Bothwell was. —Mr. James Magee, Barrister, h s been nominated by the Reformers f London, to oppose Mr. Meredith. Lo don is a pretty tough constituency, b t the Reformers have strong hopes of d feating the Goliath of the Oppositio Mr. Magee .is said. to be a clever a promising young man. Although e should like to see London redeemed, «e would not hke to see Mr. Meredith o t of the Local Legislature. —At the Conservative Convention n Mitchell, on Tuesday, the ballot w s between Hr. Joseph Bruner, of Down' and Mr. 'W. R. Davie, of Mitchell. M Bruner received and accepted the no a.i- llation. Mr. Bruner is,a German. T e German voters in South Perth usual y go Reform. By selecting Mr. Brun r as their candidate the Conservativ s hope to ally the German vote with t Conservative vote, and thus defeat M Ballantyne. We fancy the Consery - tives of South Perth will learn whn the elections take place that the Ge mans are too intelligent to be ensnar d by any such device. They will n t abandon their principles even to vo e for a candidate of their own nationalit . a News of the Week. DEBT.—The United States public de increased $1,995,216 during April. gateLn.—Henry M. Stanley, t African explorer, has arrived in Afric MACRDONIk.—Trustworthy advices r -present that the Macedonian insurre tion is reviving. A Visie.—The Prince of W• ales wi probably visit Australia to attend t great exhibition. • ,SURSENDERING.—A despatch from t Viceroy of India states that many of t Afghan chiefs have surrendered. THE Tun.—"Wheel of Fortune" w the race for the thousand guineas stak at London, England, on May 2nd. Bunstaia—The people of British Bu mish. favor . war, but the majority the King's advisers are opposed kJ su a course. LIQUOE LAW:—In the Michigan Hou the bill, in substance the same as t Maine Liquor Law, wasdefeatedby to 49. A FRAIID.—Johu C. Cheney, taupe ance lecturer, aged 28, pleaded guilty Springfield, Mass., to having three wiv at Northampton. . TRIMIVE.—Doctor Betti, the eel brated physiCian of Rom e, Italy, publ ly announces that he has discover triohivat in American hams. Cevn-IN.—A large hill at Veas, in t Province of Jean, in Spain, has caved i 4 demolishing five houses. Thirty perso s were killed and 14 injured. SIBERIAN EXILES.—It is reported i Russia that it is intended to sen twelve thousand prisoners, with the r families, from Novgorod to Siberia du ing the summer. . CETEWAY0 WANTS PEACE.—King Cet wayo is sending another embassy t treat for peace with Lord Chelmsfor and an early termination of the war s looked for. FRIENDLY.—The Czar of .Russie, an the Sultan of Turkey are said to be o Very. friendly terms. The former h: promised to see that the Berlin Treati is honorably carried out. A DISCIPLE OF BERGH.—A lady New York on Friday informed M Bergh that she had bequeathed $25,0i it. her will in furtherance of the objec is of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty -to Animals. FAILED TO CONNECT.—At a late Mee ing in England of the Directors of t e Great Western and Grand Trunk Ra' ways, the question of amalgamation w s discussed. The former opposed. t le scheme and the latter favored it. So= AMERICAN TROUBLE.—A tel - grain states that the Chilian fleet his retired from the Peruvian coast to pr tect Valparaiso and other Chilian por s threatened by the Peruvian fleet. T e Peinvia,n _Government has called the n tion to arms. RIOT IN IRELAND.—A serious riot !to place at Cork la,st week, arising out of a difference between rival bands. Sever 1 houses were wrecked on Saturday. T e rioters were dispersed by the polio . Forty of them were treated for scalp wounds in the infirritary. A policemans skull was fractured.. RETRENCIDIE7s7T.,—A Vice -Regal ord r has been published at Calcutta, Indi insisting upon the necessity for r trenchment. No fresh appointmen s are to be created, or works co naenced, without special orders. T • e need is declared argent of reducing t e army to the narrowest limits consiste • t with safety. 11 • . 11 ZIILULAND.—There is no news of i portance from Natal. Lord. Chelm, - ford has arrived at Durham, and. staris for Pietermaritsburg on April 17t1, whence he will go to Dundee. S r Bartle Frere arrived at Pretoria o April 10th, after a satisfactory inte view with the Boers. On April 8t the colonial forces unsuccessfully a saulted the stronghold of the Basut chief Meirosi. They lost two, office s and a friendly native chief kille and an officer and twenty-two me wounded. Nnarersm.—The uneasy condition •f Russian society increases. Arrests ar being nightly made, and the Nihilik , to show their power, continue to po-t bills on the walls' and circulate pantp lets, despite the efforts to prevent the Soldiers are constantly on the alert, an every precaution is taken to prevent rebellion or sudden surprise. A Berli despatch says Solovieff, who attempte to assassinate the Czar, declares thoug he was compelled under threat of deat to fire at the Czar, he purposely misse hina. Among those arrested on sus picion of Nihilism is Staksov, who wa 'counsel for the defence in a recent tria of a Nihilist. The Governor of Rio 110 a 81 EXPOSITOR. has received lettere threatening incen- diarism and slaughter by mean of dynamite and bombs. Sir Robert 1 eel, in the British House of Commons, s to call attention to the state of thin s in Russia, aud will ask the Governme ,t if something cannot be done in the i ter - este of humanity to mitigate the h•rror and atrocities under which the pe•ple are suffering. THE FLOODS IN 1111NOARY.—A. vio hurricane at Szegedin on Thurs destroyed the works prepared for re- storing the railway and filling the breaches in the dame.The storm has caused an extensive es'h breach in the railway embankment, a,nd the laborers are in'great danger., Relief has cal sent. A telegram from Pesth re rts that Czargrad is again threatened ith a flood. The inha itants are w rk- ing night and day. 1t is rumored hat Holmegovasarhely a d Fvoldeak ar in- undated. CHOLERA.—A Cale tta, despatch ays that nearly a milli° wh as- sembled at Hurdw k Fair, 'India, •ar- He'd. cholera in vario s directions. ut- breaks of the diseas are reported f ora Delhi, Frumitsur, R: • lpendee and lse- where. In some case: it occurred an ong European troops. It is asserted th t o the 80,000 persons ho went to the Fair from Cumsto , One quarter are missing, this morto Lity having 1 eeu caiieed by the police forcing then to travel desert tracks. It is probable the story is ranch exagge ated. ent ay, l8 Ind ependen Opinion. The Manitoba Free Press of last *leek says: To 'such a de ree of excell nee has the general le 'slation of 1 n- tario attained that neither poli cal party can, seemingly, find it m t eir head or heat to offe severe critic'sm of much , that has either been don or left undone. It is a wonderful stat of affairs, but the real s ate all the wh e; and is a ;tribute to t • e institution of that Provinge, of w ich every o her member of the confe• :ration has pl rity of room to make itse !as worthy. W at - 'ever fault is found a, d it is trifling in deed—is to the effec that the atte upli has been for too close an approx.' ! a - tion to perfection. Ov..r-legislation is the objection raised, wh re there is any. It is felt, perhaps, th t school -law and. possibly a, few other t 'lags have be n a little over -done; but 11 there is of his will likely play but n uniraporta t— almOst inappreciable part in the c m- ing contest. Ontario has to endure the misfortune --if we m v be allowe somewhat paradoxica expression—o be- ingvery wealthy; and hose charged 1 'th the management of her affairs see to encounter, the same k nd of trouble hat inordinately wealthy ersons are sai to and which those o herwise circ im- stance& are so incap ble of underst nde ing. Some phase of he tnaoney .q es - ton" is always pec Early the up er- most one in the discu sion of public af- fairs in the Province Thus it is at present. In view of the election, the whole strength and ingenuity of the Opposition is directe against the fls an- cial f administration. Comparisons are instituted between t e present and the Sa,ndfield Macdonald. Governmei lis. The ,Liberals have not been slow to lick up the gauntlet, and hey contend, nd- we believe success ,ully show, t economical as he mig t have been,t ose who succeeded him ave handled the public momey more t• the advanta of the Province. A pap r before us av we, and, produces most el borately from the publie accouuts itt pr of of its avo -al, that -while under- the Macdoealcl e ov- ernment there was a annual. Men ase of expenditure of $2 6,000, under the succeeding Liberal As ministration, the annual increase has o 11Y been, $86, 100. -It is shown that the latter has di tri- buted amongst the pe ple, in varion le- gitimate ways, that li htened taxat on, under six headings alone, over two h n- dred thousand dollars per year. T • ese are the instances an. increases cit d : Administration of Jte.tice in Coulat'es, $19,000; Agriculture nd Arts, $12, •00 ; Education, $110,000; Public Works r lid Buildings, $9,000; Hovitals end Ch ties, $11,000; Colonizi tiou Roads, 4 3,- 000. Beyond a doub , upon the mo ey question, the present Ontario Gov /le- nient have the advan age over their op- ponents. Putting all things togeth r it would seem impossib e that the Libe als can be ought else tha successful at the general election. Nomination of . Mowat or East To onto. On Friday evening 1 ast Hon. 0. M w - at was unanimously Lominated as the Reform candidate at a mass meetin of Reformers held in S . Lawrenee all. Mr. Mowat, in a len thy and excel ent epeech, accepted the iomination. he following remarks fr m new friends! are not a little-encouragi 0, and show pretty clearly how the " 'I'd blows," at 1 ast in East Toronto: Mr. R. W. Elliot s id that had ithe approaching election een for the Hduse of Commons, he woul have been found among those oppose to Mr. Mowat. He had supported th' gentleman who now represented the constituency at Ottawa, and he was repared to sup- port him again, for h was a firm !be- liever in the National Policy. (Hear, hear.) But while opitosed to Mr. ltf,bw- at on some of the qu stious relating to Dominion politics, he wished to place most decidedly upon 4ecord his hearty approval of that hor. gentleman's ad- ministration of P ovincial affair (Cheers.) Mr. Mowai had done a greai deal to develop the 1resources of th country by his railwa policy and other measures, and so higa1y successful he,d he been that it would be difficult indeed to point to one measure passed byhis Government which was branded. With the disapproval of -the community. !He was opposed to changing public servants unless for good reasons, and he did. not think that any such existed in regard to Mr. Mowat. Hep inted ant that the Local Opposition wer entirely witheut a policy with which t go to the corn - try, and said. that t air only resource appeared to be abuse f their opponents. They seemed also to alculate a great deal upon the ignora ce of the electors of the Province, and reckoned upon a confused idea as to the relation of the ffational Policy with urely local issues to help them in their lendeavors to !ob- tain possession of the Treasury Benches. He (Mr. Elliott) thou lab that the peo- ple had a much de rer idea -of the political situation thqi the Opposition supposed, and when they were Beetled faithfully and well, they were not slow to recognize the fact. The question of the residence of the candidate was ! of only secondary importance, but what - TIGHT INDING 'ever weight might attach to that con- sideration was in favor of Mr. Mowat. That gentleman had long been a resi- dent of this city, and had. won the es- teern and. confidence of all classes of his fellow -citizens. (Cheers.) There were no great questions at present upon which the two parties in Ontario divid- ed, and the issue was narrowed down to a question of the record. of the Mowat Administration. It was upon that giound that he was prepared to sup- port Mr. Mowat, and to advocate his claims to represent the constituency of East Toronto. (Cheers.) He hoped. that his auditors weuld give that gen- tleman their hearty support. It was necessary in order to achieve success that a thorough and perfect organiza- tion should. exist and be maintained. It would. indeed. be a misfortune if Mr. Mowat should. lose his election simply thrcugh a want of unity and organiza- tion. He trusted they would support the resolution, and. that they would unite with him in endeavoring to Semite Mr. Mowat's return. (Cheers.) Mr. James Britton said it might seem strange to the audience to see him Mil a platform supporting the leader of al Re- form Government. He had. taken part in election contests for many years past, but had generally worked. for the Con- servative caudidates. He had not, how- ever, been a strong party man, and had always supported the best man, and if there was an honest man in 'the city that man was the Attorney -General. (Cheers.) - Every public man had. his record, and by Alio should. be judged, and where—the speaker asked—cotild be found one with so Ood record as the Hon. 0. Mowat (Renewed cheering.) Sine he had been in the city every man who had conic in contact with him believed. him to be a man of •large and liberal views, and. prepared to do justice to people of all parties. This large audience showed. that his fellow - citizens appreciated both his private character and his public services, and that they would support the Reform party. That party had developed our country, and had. taken great interest in all its industries. In particularlthey had done a great deal for agriculture, which he was glad to see, for it was to that interest after all that Ontario must look fer her wealth. He alluded to the . great trade which was now going en in the export of cattle and. horses; and which was steadily growing, notWith- standing the hard times and the depres- sion in the grain and lumber trades. (Applause.) He could only sum up by saying that he would do all in Ihig power to secure the return of Honl. Mr. Mowat. (Loud 'applause.) He did not approve the course of the Conservative party in importing a man from Mani- toba to represent this city. He believed that among the 40,000 people of, the constituency they could find a. man to represent them. The Attorney -General had been for many years a resident of the city, and had been identified with its interests. It was to be hoped that he would be willing to accept the nom- ination tendered to him by this large and. enthusiastic meeting. (Loud ap- plause.) Protection to World gmen. To the Editor of the Huron Expositor. Sin :—It is assumed by the Protec- tionists that one result of Protection in this country will be the growth of new industries, and consequently an increas- ed demand for labor. Granting that such will be the case ---though Protec- tion is just as powerful to kill as to create industries—let us see how far the farce deserves the name of "Protection to Workingmen":Tn the first place, it is not Protection to the workingmen of the Dominion at all, but to those of a large territory, of which the Dominion forms an insignificant part. This will be readily, understood if we look at a map of the settled portions of Canada, la, long, crooked, and narrow strip of land along the shores of the St. Law- rence, and the lakes. With such a coast line, the limits of this sham Pro- tection cannot possibly coincide with the political boundary, but -will extend far into the United States; for that workingman who resides within the shortest distance, whether he be Can- adian or Yankee, is always the best/ "protected," by a demand for labot in: any locality. The establishing of mantle factories in New Brunswick or Quebec, for instance, will not begin to "protect" the workingmen of Ontario, until those of the Eastern States have been sup- plied with work. Secondly, this de- mand for labor will only be temporary. Protection creates nothing new, it mere- ly transfers to one country manufac- tories which had previously existed in that country whence the protected. goods had been imported, and it throws as many men out of work in the latter, as it employs at home. A demand tor labor in this country cannot remain un - supplied for all time, while there are idle men in neighboring countries, es- pecially if we make it our duty to send for I them. In connection with this queetion there is a fallacy which often makes us hope for great results from a scarcity of workingmen. We appear to think that the rate of wages is deter- mined by supply and demand, and this has almost become an axiom. The ratio of supply and demand does not measure the values either of labor or the productions of labor, but only cer- tain fluctuations in those values. There is at all times a maximum and a mini- mum rate of wages which supply and demand can neither fix nor alter; and though a scarcity of men may some- times cause wages to rise almost to the maximum, they will not long remain there, if the demand for labor be one created. merely by act of Parliament. In all parts of christendom there are vast numbers of small capitalists, whom an advance in wages would induce to become workingmen. These would more than supply the demand, many of thein would be obliged to remain in the field long after wages had come down; and the last state of the workingman would. be worse than the first. A de- mand for labor, in order to be a per- manent benefit to workingmen, must be a natural demand, and that Protec- tion does not create. Thirdly, any ad- vance in wages caused by Protection is more apparent than real. A man's wages is not the amount of gold he re- ceives every Saturday night, but the anaonnt of the necessaries and comforts of life that this geld can purchase. Now to raise the price of those things which the workingman must buy, is in reality to lower his wages by so much, and this is done by Protection. Even the bread that we eat is taxed in some of the Provinces. And this rise in prices, unlike any possible advance in wages, will be pernianent, and, what is worse, will be felt by those out of work as well as those who can find constant employment. But supposing that this demand for labor could never be sup- plied from without, the case would not be much altered, for Protection. of itself raises up an army of workingmen more than sufficient to supply it from with- out, and to wage eternal war against high wages. Most workingmen are such, not by choice, but through neces- sity; they never had capital,or they lost it in unprofitable occupations; andPro- tection, by making capital less produc- tive, forces numbers to become work- ingmen, who, if left alone, Might be- come independent. These- increase in numbers from year to year, for the Pro- tection tax is permanent, the labor market is overstocked, wages ;come down, and thousands W403:flight, under a, better system, be piing up wealth for future generations, must depend upon the poor rate for existence. It is no argument against this conclusion to say that such brokendown capitalists are supported by the Government out of the Protection fund. That doe% not abate the evil in the slightest, it merely shifts the yoke from one malts neck to that of another. After all, capital is the laborer's best friend, give that full liberty to expand, and you protect the workingman. Protection does the re- verse. It prohibits, under heavy pen- alties, the employment under the most efficacious means of ereatiiag wealth, and by forcing the owners of capital to invest It unprofitably, impoverishes the country. If the country is getting poor it is not likely that workingmen, the poorest class therein, can et rich, they erneit share the C0/1111101:1 lot. itt- dced. the sole end. and aim of Protec- tion is to drive its victims from the path of civilization, and force them 0110e more into the savage state, and few workingmen dream of seeking em- ployment among savage tribes. If it has hitherto failed to accomplish that object, it is because of the inconsistency of its advocates, who have never yet ventured to apply, to the full extent, those theories which appear to them so beautiful on paper. That the virtue of inconsistency may always guide their consols is the sincere wish of ALeeoane. IscruLLop, April 5,1879. Letter from Kansas. To the Editor of the Huron Expositor. Barbour county is in the southern tier of counties and a,hnost in the mid- dle of the State, reckonnig- from East to West. The region, ineludingseveral counties hereabout, is called the medi- cine country, from the Medicine River, which runs through it. I have been sojourning here for several months and will try to give you some notion of the country. First, as to Kansas generally, I don't want to say a word to induce Canadian emigration to the States. When Canadians migrate, they had bet- ter seek new homes in the North-West, where they are likely to find soil as productive and society more congenial than South of the border. But if they must COMO totheWestern States let me advise them to come to Kansas. The climate is agreeable -- neither too hot nor too cold; the soil is fairly productive and easily brought under cultivation, and filially, what is most important, perhaps, in a new country, the State upon the whole, ie very healthy. I have seen it stated in Canadian papers that Kansas was un- healthy, but there never was a greater mistake. _In the bottom of the large rivers there is at some seasons malaria, and the people living in them are sub- jeet to chills, but this is confined to sections of the eastern portiO1 of the State. Without fear of contradiction, I assert that there is no healthier country in the world: than Central and. Western Kansas. Many consumptives are able to live in the Western half of the State who would die anywhere else. For this class of invalids Western Kansas is thought by many to be preferable to Colorado. This part of the State is yet very new, the first settlers having come in _only four or five years ago. The county seat is at Sun City, where there are two or three stores; then there is Lake City, another hamlet with a few business houses. It is a truly Western practice, that of calling little villages cities. When these places beecime large, as they sometinaes do, and the name becomes really appropriate, it is singularly enough, nearly always drop• - ped, as in the case of Leavenworth, Atchison, and Denver, all of which, when in the elachan stage of their ex- istence, were dubbed cities. Our near- est railway. 'Station is Hutchinson, on the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway. This place is 75 miles north- east of us, and nearly all our supplies are freighted in from. there. There are no railways as yet penetrating this county. If we are destitute of railway facilities, however, we have the con- solation th-at we are not taxed to pay the interest on railroad bonds. Hall of the settled. counties in Kansas ha.ve ruined themselves by the large bonuses they have given to railways. Wheat, oats and barley do well here. Corn is not a sure crop, though considerable is 'grown, on account of a worm which of- ten injures it. The settlements are as yet mostly along the creeks. There is considerable shelter for stock here and. to the Smith, into the Indian Territory, but Northward it is an open, rolling, shelterless prairie. Along the creeks and itt the ravines about here we. have shelter in theshape of brush and stunt- ed trees. There are no large trees however, and no timber. And this, let me say, is the great draw back in Kan- sas—no tiraber, and the high price of lumber. At Hutchinson, lumber from Chicago sells at about $15 and. $20 a thousand, and by the time we get it freighted. here, over 75 miles, it is worth a good deal more. Iu many places hay can be cut on the prairie, but A is not a very good quality. The farmers raise a good deal of millet, which does well on sod. There will be more of this raised this year than coimmoneand it is thought it can be had next fall at $5 a ton. Corn sold here all winter, deliver- ed, at 33 cents a bushel. Wages for farm hands are about $10 to 615 a month. When the fanciers get a little richer this will be a great stock MID. ry. But at present there is very little stock in the hands of farmers. The stock here is nearly all held by large owners who do nothing else, depending entirely on the public domain for grazing, and. putting up no feed. The grass is very thick on the ground here, but it ha.s not the nutriment for winter feed, which the grass of Western Kansas and - Th Colorado poissesses. West of the h dredth meridian or about Dodge CI Kansas, the grass ewes on the gamut like Itay,retainiiag its ntitriment, Rent it is necessary to put up- feed for about two months, more or less. This tone, try is settling up pretty fast, midi looks now as if all stock men wereti danger of __being "homesteaded. out" el a few years. A neighbor tells nee ti counted nineteen new claims betweal here and Hutchinson lately. Then many counties they have -whatthey tea a, herd law, which to a cattlemen means " move out," and works we/ unfavorable to sheep einers as wet The large herds of cattle and the ael slowly but surely being driven wed. weed to the lands of Texas and lteet Mexico. BARBODR CODNTY, llamas, April 25, 1879.. Nity 9, isn. Repeal of the InBolvency When the bill for the repeal of the Insolveney Law came ;up for its twit reading in the House, en Saturday, Hon. James Macdonald appealed to tat House to reconsider the vote of the pre. vious evennag, which he stated had, heat generally condemned by the press et the_ country. He did not believe tant the amendments WerS all that was de. sired, but they were preferable to tote' repeal. The advocates of repeal, how ever, were opposed to any comprontat as a rule, although one or two were in favor of having something which woula prevent a return to the old system et preferential assignments. tite Mae. donald movedan amendment that tile repeal should not go into operation tee a year, so as to allow those provinces which had no insolvency laws time le, pass measures. This amendment tim defeated by a vote of 49 yeas to 89 nays, and the bill was reported ,evitheilt arnendirient. On the motion for a timid reading. Hon. Samos Macdonald moved O six months' hoist, the members were called. in, and the amendment lost one vote of 54 yeas to 107 nays. The mew bers of the Government in the House, and the Feeders of the Opposition voted for the anaendnient, but neither tried in any wa,y to control their follow, Sir John Macdonald- was not pies* when the vote was taken. The Wet reading was carried. amid loud applanse. and. the insolvent law miconditionaliir repealed so far as the House of mons is concerned. Huron Notes. —Mr. James Mannell, lately el Brae. Bele, has rented Markle's Hotel, Dia y. ton. Crunnican and family have /*- moved frora Exeter to the State of Nebraska, where they intend to settle down to farming operations. —The pupils in the four highest di- visions of the Exeter Public School ste to undergo s, semi-weekly military dnJL They were put through their facings for the first time on Tuesday of lait week. —A writ of attachment has been le - sued. against the estate of C. 1.1. Nett- ans, a Witighara merchant. Quite *i few of the merchants of that tOWD,SOHle of them old -established, have gone the ;see- other -day - _ a son of Mr. JO Doig, of Tuckersmith, aged four year% fell and broke the bone of his aria above the wrist. The fracture was - tended to, and the little fellow is no —Mr James Tevvsly has purchased Mr. J. W. 33rown's house and lot * Albert street, Clinton, paying there* the sum of $800. The lot is a quarter of. an acre, and the house is a good onte wi,thiarilb sat. bleoatT t.tacy.hed.horapson, lute 44 Hullett, and now attending Knox Cet- lege, Toronto, intends going to Mani-- toulin Island in a short time, where he is sent on mission workbytheStudenia Missionary Society in connection with. thits —Mr. °11Alx egee. . Locking's farm, contain - mg 100 acres, lot 27, 18th concession. Howick, about 3 railes from Cliff° was put up at public auction last wee and purchased by Mr. Geo. McDonald, of Clifford, for $3,850. This is consid- ered remarkably cheap. --Mr. M. A. McNaughton, of Messrs. Anderson 86 Elder's, has been appointed express agent at Blyth, in place of M. R. W. Mitchell, resigned. The public will find an efficient and trustworthi official* Mr. McNaughton. The ap- pointment could not have been placed in better hands. —Mr. H. R. Abbot, of Exeter, has in his Possession quite a curiosity, being* model of Cleopatra's needle, which. -is now placed in London, England. The model is said to be an exact representa- tion of the monolith *miniature and is covered with curious hieroglyphicsit is accompanied by a book containing * history of the obiliesk as far as kn.owit and the record of its removal and lode teurionioily.England. It is an interesting —On Saturday, Nth ult., Mr. Hugh Ross, of Exeter, had the misfortune tit receive a severe fall, which niig7 ht have resulted fatally to him. He was et, gaged. at work on his house, near * parsonage, when. the scaffolding poi way, precipitating hini to the ground. sorne 26 feet. where hp lay stunned and helpless. He was taken home an4 cared. for, and is now, we are pleased state, in a fair way for recovery. de—ntsOnof MondayExeterwkesntaf t a feewfh ehieolg the eraGraultli. Bend and succeeded in securing large quantities of fish. Their only mishap was the capsizing of the boat in the_ middle of the stream, precipitating twit - barrels of newly. caught fish and Chi" ocoupants into the water. - Theirspirif4 were, however, equal to the occasioni and. undaunted by the accident, this day sport was continued until enough fish for the company had been caught. —On Friday, Apiil 25th, a barn raja', ing took place on the farm of Mr, JOhli Askin, lot 10, concession 14. On tit*. afternoon of that -ilay the iieighbont- gathered to set up the strricture, ana from the time the work was begun until it was finished was exactly two how*, and ten minutes. The barn WaS* strong, substantial building, 36x60. uwatshIrsainis ebd.eabtyenMinr. aHnuyghoetsh,eorf glifuearritti let'sphieetaritcAfteoraprantyrepaired heerectiontol omed t° soi justice to the inner man. A suraptrioue! repast had been prepared_ by the genisll host and hostess, whose conduct in t14 respect was beyond all praise. Arati- the refreshments had been Partaken nti. some of the younger men tried their hands at putting the stone, tossing thcl ar, Jumping, itec., while the 01 whp wia5r, n fro sua The COW•S /0110 13.004 wile and 11 week vete taken liev4 the e3 were after 'nen old e talks Of fro to ilia subrai datf3, i watio town teetio —T ' tur ef M Wats° Me town, cattle; ever p: non& . zius. antS town, ty sill $4 bei . stall f 'There areve, vioini limn ing Vir weight heifers ful yo McA frDIE nt thn 1 their wait) Eoarn the ta. --W- rather chants into th The la . who,h ber of Tuesda -town, b -he inte foreit cleated : clearing which continn the Ass' sales. menden the stor capacit for ISOM on the Green p nua at ' coda n. ahort Had the have be in a ver money give him A writ e instance and the Assigne Gre --W' 00a, vir lately throat, to sI rfindra his thr 26th tilt. - he is a getting a house hc, mutilate hina to returned rant to 1 Constabl and led Sunday walk az Gill k Sunday would-be in one of 5.3pend. t mg he fo tress. TY: ef the ce the blood throat, hi.s finger Man was had bee face and. ed to *a tst be, which wa (Wild) be that, oet Dehig the' railiea ag tempt to tor wood, was dress erich on t 0 Abel modore Breoktrii 150,00,137a, T.h.e defen aPPears Petia.,1 T at Med, e ank, lag if h mere ortgage. Aroor Ylea, told to xeceiv .1,Y, but lett go.