HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Huron Expositor, 1879-03-14, Page 4•
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NEW .AD VERTISEMENT S.
To Contractors—Thomas Neil -ands.
Estray Heifer—Miles McMillan.
Zurich Planing Mill—G. Holtzman.
Servant Girl Wanted—H. Derbyshire.]
New Dry Goods—Smith & West.
Spring Mantles—Hoffman Brothers.
Groceries—Laidlaw & Fairley.
Plows—Malcolm Monroe &Brother.
Painting—H. Town.
Farm to Rent in Stanley—Dr. Woods.
Farm for Sale—Robert 13roadfoot.
Farni to Rent —Freecis Kettle.
To Dairymen—Hyman Tyerman.
non txpooitor.
SEAFORTH, MARCH 14, 1879.
Dominion Parliament.
The National Policy so anxiously
looked for has not been born yet, and
there is no definite information as to
when it will be. The only subjects of
interest which have been discussed,
thus far, are the Iusolvency Law, and a
motion brought forward. at the instance
of the Quebec Fronde 1Conservatives,
* censuring the Lieutenant -Governor of
that Province for having dismissed. the
DeBoucherville Government. The mo-
tion moved is an exact copy of that
moved last year by Sir John Macdonald,
Ministerialists go over pretty much the
Oppositionists, led by Ir. Mackenzie
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seine ground as they did ast year. The
censure the Government for not havind
. the courage to take up the matter
themselves, but relegat the duty oft
moving the motion to on of their sup-
porters on the back benches; also, that
the conduct of the Lieutenants
Governor . has already been pro-
nounced upon and endorsed by
a majority of the people of Quebec,
as well as by the Parliament of th3 Do-
minion, and that conseqUently it is not
right that he should be twice tried be-
fore the same tribunal fof the one of-
fence. We fancy that this position will
be considered by most people ofitside of
Parliament as the reasonable and cor-
rect one, and that it is very unwise to
occupy the time of Parliament and
waste the money of the country by a
discussion which can not possibly have
,
any practical result further than to ap-
pease the wrath of a few French Cana-
,
dian Conservatives. It ' would have
been much, better had the Government
delayed this discussion, and. instead
have brought on the National Policy.
That is what the country now wants.
The Finance Minister submitte1 the es-
timates for the public expenditure for
the current year, on 'Wednesday. The
proposed expenditure is a trifle less
than that provided. for in the erimates
of last year.
A FEW isveraiscrs ago the Hon. Oliver
Mowat was entertained in Toronto at a
banquet by his supporters in the Local
Legislature. There was a large at-
tendance, and a number of very able
speeches were made. The chair was
occupied. by Mr. James Bethune. The
speech of the evening was that deliver-
ed by the Hon. Edward Blake. It was
one of his most happy efforts, and ex-
hibited much of the fire and originality
of thought which characterizes his pub-
lic utterances. -Mr. Blake, in summing
up his remarks on the course and _con-
duct of the present ' Ontario Govern-
ment and their supporters, said: 'And
" I trust and hope that the people of
"Ontario will decide, as I should if
"were permitted. to decide for, them,
"that it is essential to the prosperity of
"this Province, and that it is just to
"those who have shown themselves
"able and competent administrators of
Its public affairs, that they should be
"retained in the places which they
"have fairly won, and which thay have
"honorably and advantageously filled.
" (Loud. cheers.) It seems to me, Sir,
. I
"that thatevill be the feeling of the
"people of country, as 14 ought to
" be the feeling of the people of the
" country, and as I trust it may." In
referring to his own position, Mr. Blake
said: "And though you have referred,
"Sir, to my own position, I assure you,
totwithstalading the circumstances
"under which I appear amongst yon,
"that there never was an hour in
" which I felt a keener interest in the
"success of the Liberal party than this
"present hour. (Proloeged cheering.)
"There never was a tirae in which
"was raore disposed to do whatever it
" might be in my humble power to do
"to forward its return to the position
"which it formerly occupied."
=1111111/1/11114
Me. A. H. ROE, of Napauee, who will
be remembered by our readers ie con-
ection withethe last election in Centre
men, has been selected by the Con-
ervatives of ,Lennox as their candidate
or the Local. At a previous conven-
ion in that ;riding, the vote was be -
ween Mr. J. T. Grange, the present re-
resentative, and Mr. Roe, but Mr.
range was made the choice of the con-
ention by a good majority. Since
hen, however, for some unexplained
eason, Mr. Grange has been thrown
verboard, and Arr. _Roe has been taken
p. From a personal knewledge of
oth gentlemen, we have no hesitation
• saying that the Conservatives of Len-
ox have not done themselves any
c edit by the exchange. lir. Grange is
a respectable gentleman, who is esteem -
by members of both parties who
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know him, and is a creditable reprC-
sentative, while on the other hand, the
less that is said about.Mr. Roe the be
ter. He would. not make a credi
able representative for any constit
ency.
Mn. James BETHUNE, the representk-
tive of Stormont in the Local Legisla-
ture, intends retiring from public life,
and will not be a candidate for Par4-
mentary honors at the hext election.
Increasing professional business is given
as the reason for his retirement. 9n
this account, we sUppose7 he has be n
absent from his plea() in the House ve y
frequently during this and the previo s
session. Mr. Bethune will be miss a
from the Local Legislature, but we pre-
sume he finds attending to his o7n
business a good. deal more profitable
than attending to the business of the
country. His ability and industry ha e
secured him a prominent position n
the front rank of ale legal professio
while he pronnsedifair to make h s
mark as a politician as well.
MR. JAMES YOUNG, of Galt, has been
unanimously nominated by the Reform
convention of North Brant, as the can-
didate of the party at the approaching
election for the Local Legislature. M.
Finlayson has represented the co -
stituencysince Confederation, but, ha
ing served his time, the Reformers f
the riding desire a Change, and we are
glad they have selected so good a man
as Mr. Finlayson's successor. We hope
Mr. Young will aceept the position.
he does, his election, is already assured.
He is one of •the moat clever politiefana
in Canada, and would be a very great
acquisition in the iescal Legislaturei.
There is room in that body on both
sides for a few more Men Of Mr. young'
ability, and we hoPe 'the next elec-
tion will result in bringing them for
ward. -
...m.......elseeseseeme
WE OBSERVE that Borne of our con-,
temporaries, in noticing the presence of
Mr. Samuel Platt in Ottawa, say that
he is urging upon the Government a
claim for damages ceased to his propert
through the construction of the Harbor
works at Godericia., end insinuate that
this is a trumped-up claim put forward
as a pretex, to 'eeable him to receive
remuneration from the Government for
his unsuccessful attempts to redeem "
Centre Huron. In justice to Mr. Plett,
however, we must say this suppoeition
is] not correct. We are credibly in
formed that he has legitimate claim
against the Governinent for demagog
which should be recognised, and in
%prosecuting that claim Mr. Platt is only
doing what it is his daty and his right
.to do. We do net know the amount
asked, but we are safe in saying that
ithe claim is just, f the amount sought
as not unreasonable. .
IS TEEN House 0/ Cox:wows the other
day a Committee was appointed to take
, .
into coneideration the insolvency law.
This committee is empowered to take
'evidence and gain all possible informa-
tion as to tke working of the present
law and the advisability of continuing
this or some similar law. On the mo-
tion for this Committee a very interest-
ing disaussion toe& place. From this
discussion we judge there is a very
strong feeling on both sides of thel
House to do away with the insolvency
law altogether, weld We would not be
surprised should this ' be the final re-
sult. The members . from the rural
districts are partieularly vehement in
their denunciations of the law, and
many of them do tiot offer very sound
reasons for their denunciations. We
should be very sorry to see the insol-
venoy law. entirelY removed from the
Statute Book. The present law may
nOt be as efficient es it should. be, and
dishonesty may be practised under it,
but we are inclined to the opinion that
"t is productive of 1 much greater good
hen evil, and that for the evil it per -
its the creditors are much more re.
i 1
poneible than the ebtors. The present
aw is very stringe t, and it is mainly
• ue to carelessness and over -leniency on
he part of creditors if unworthy end
• ishonest traders are r!ermitted to take
dvantage of it. Whether or not the
resent law is contimied or amended,
hero should be a law, by whateyer
• ame it may be called, which will 'm-
ore to creditors a fair and equal dis-
ribution of assets,
he to be fully paid
y entitled - are for
nd which would at the same time pre- in
ent an honest hilt unfortunate man th
, ii be
rom being ground down for life; by re-
th
wi
lei
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instead of allOwing
while others equal -
THE HURON E)c.POSITOR.
thing seem to have forgotten that we
live in the nineteenth century and are
now better civilized and consequently
more humane than were our forefathers
of a hundred years ago.
THR ONTARIO LEGISLATURE have, dur-
ing the present session, passed a bill
providing for the appointment of ao
Inspector of Insurance Companies. Ir.
view of the large number of mutua_
companies that have recently sprung
into existence, and of the many more
that will, undoubtedly, soon follow,
this is a timely and proper precaution.
It will be the duty of this officer to
regularly visit the head officer of each
company and see that the business of"
the company is efficiently and proper-
ly conducted by those in charge, and at
the same time ascertain that the as-
sets or securities are continued in such
a condition as to secure abeolute safety
to policy holders. Besides securing in-
creased security to policy holders or
members, this officer, if the right kind
of person, will be of very great service
in many other ways. It is necessary
that he should be thoroughly experienced
in the routine -work of an insurance
office, and have perfect knowledge as tc
_the best, most expeditious and safest'.
way to carry on the business. Besides
this he should be courteous, obliging
and able and willing to impart to others
the information he poesesses. ; Many of
the local companies which have been
started and which are doing an excel-
lent work, are officered and ananaged
by men comparatively unexperienced in
the business, who have each a mode of
working peculiar to themselves. This
inspector will be of immense service to
these officers. He can give them the
benefit of his experience, show them
the easiest and best nacides of carrying
on the business of their respective com-
panies, and at the same time secure
uniformity of management among the
several different companies. In thee
respects alone, to say nothing of the ad-
ditional secerity afforded to members
by having their business conducted in a
legal, correct and ' systematic manner,
the saving he can effect in labor on the
part of officials will do more than make
up his salary. Every , person who
knows anything of the working, especi-
ally of local companies, will fully ap-
preciate the benefits which will flow
from the appointment of this officer, if
he be a suitable man. The salary of
this official is to be $2,000 per annum,
and is to be borne by the companies,
who will be required. to contribute in
proportion to the business done.
ONTARIO LEGISLATURE.
HURON AND ONTARIO SHIP CANAL—THE
ATTACK ON THE CIVIL SERVICE—MR.
'CREIGHTON UNEARTHS A JOB—DEATH
OP A MEMBER—THE BALLOT IN SEP-
ARATE SCHOOLS—PROROGATION.
(From Our Own Correepondent.)
The third Parliament of Ontario,
contrary to what is generally the case,
has been not only willing, but anxious,
to reach the end Of its days. Perhaps
the members considered that two
months' 'session is just about long
enough for all practical purposes, or
perhaps they were desirous of revisit-
ing their constituencies, in order to
make things secute for tho coming elec-
tions. A good deal of anxiety exists on
this latter score, if one may judge from
the extra -Parliamentary utterances of
the members. However, I do not think
that it can be said against them that
they have not, this session at all events,
earned their indemnity4eThough legis.
latiou of a public nature lase not been
over -plentiful, still a great number of
private bills have been pushed through,
on' shme of which considerable dis-
cussion has taken place. A good deal
has been said about the inactivity of
the Government and their " do-nothing
policy," but it ought to be remembered
that there is such a thing as "master-
ly inactivity," and such a thing as a
do-nothing policy" that is infinitely
ss injurious in its effects than a policy
f tinkering and meddling. But I do
ot think that the Government are open
any charges of this kind. Provision
as been made for the maintenance of
he peace in the new territory added to
he Province by the late award, general
easures have been passed relative to
e introduction of steam heating and
e electric light, several important
mprovements have been made in the
the election, school' and jury laws,
nd law reform?' of no mean character
ave been brought about. If the Gov-
nment have done their duty in the
her branch of the public business—
e administrative branch—they can
ell be excused from startling the
untry with new and sweeping meas -
es of reform. The best proof that,
regards legislotlon, they ,have kept
ce with the wants of the people, is
at the Opposition have found public
inion in such a state on any point
at they have felt themselves justified
making that question a plank in
eir platform. Their attacks have
en almost wholly confined to the, ad-
inistration of the Government a d to
e small portion of it which has tb do
th the salaries of Civil Service offi-
als.
41
le
to
th
th
in
a
er
ot
th
CO
Ur
as
pa
th
op
sod to , go without; th
entless creditors, end permit him to
ake a, new start aed so be of service
o himself and his family and a profit
o the country. A law affording at
east this measure Of justice should be
a the statute boo* of every civilized
oun try. It would be is disgrace to the
arliairtent of Canada to compel as to
eturn to the barbatic practises:of eer-
ier days, when a, hard-hearted and
asping creditor cold snatch the en-
tire assets of a debtor, and. then im-
rison him in a dungeon because lie
ad no more that he could get, while
editors more humane and less greedy
ere forced to go withOut a cent, and
o prospects of ever getting any; as the
peeunious debtor wais not allowed
t • do anything for himself, much less
for those he owed. iThose who have a
nkering to return to this sort of
On Wednesday, the 5th inst., after
1
ethe third reading of the Black Knot
Bill, which, by the way, was stoutly
opposed by Mr. Bishop, and the discus-
sion in committee of the bill respecting
the new territory, during which Mr.
Miller prophesiedthe secession of Al-
goma, the House went for the first time
into the consideration of the report of
the Committee of Supply, otherwise
Concurrence. It was evident from the
way in which the Opposition treated
the items rst taken up that they in-
tended to go in strongly for economy,
under certain heads, but no one could
have anticipated the deluge of divisions
that they afterwards forced. upon - the
House. During the forenoon session
they made an unsuccessful attempt to
curtail the Lieutenant -Governor of one
secretary and to reduce the amount
granted him for contingencies. After
three o'clock Mr. Widdifield presented
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the report of the Select Committee on
the .Huron and Ontario Ship Can
te
al.
The connecting by a ship canal of h
waters of the Georgian Bay With those
of Lake Ontario is a scheme Which h
long been before the public, and up-
on the feasibility of which many differ-
ent
opinions have been held. The
length of. the proposed canal is about
ninety-seven miles, though the route
has not yet been definitely ixed, and
the proposition is to make it o sufficient
size for ships of large burth n to sail
from Chicago to Quebec Without of transhipment of cerao. The report f
the committee was strongly in favor of
the scheme. They ascertained that f
the canal could be constructed—of the
possibility of which they, were qute
convinced—a saving of eight hundred
and thirty-four miles over the Erie
Canal route would. be effected in the
t
voyage from Chicago to Liverpool; th
the distance between Chicago and Que-
becuwould be lesseued by three hu
dred and twenty mules; and that te
saving per ton of grain carried frohm
Chioaao- to England would be about $3.
It is Onown that engineering difficulties
of considerable magnitude lay in the
way, but the committee thought that
these could to a very great extent be
overcome by the use of the newly in-
vented hydraulic/ lift lock, which would
also reduce the estimated eost from
$40,000,000 to about one-half.
itngortaelit
of $10,000 was asked by the prorrs
of the scheme in order to complete the
survey of the route, and so strongly did
the committee report in faVor of the
project that it was thought probable
that the sum would be grauted. When
the supplementary estimates came
down, however, their hopes were dis-
appointed, and as el: as Govern-
ment aid is concerned, the scheme is no
nearer accomplishment than ever. In
Concurrence the Opposition moved a re-
duction in the appropriation for the At-
torney -General's office, and again at-
tacked the Civil Service salaries, which
were defended at some length by Mr.
Mowat and Mr. Wood, who pointed out
the very great advisability of having a
thoroughly competent and reliable
Civil Service, which, it was im-
possible to have if the salaries were
reduced, or made the subject- of 'con-
tinual interference by the Legislature.
Mr. Wood put the thing very neatly
when he proposed to the Opposition
lawyers that if tiey wished. to lighten
the peoples' burdens, they should begin
at home and curtail their own fees.
While. a ten per cent. reduction la the
salaries of Civil Service official?' would.
only amount to 016,000, the same re-
duction on the taxable fees of lawyers
throughout the Province would 'amount
to about a100,000. This style of argu-
ment was followed up by other laymen
on. the Government side of the House,
who, as a rule, are never loth to seize
anything that can be made a handle
against the members of the legal pro-
ession. An amount of ill feeling does
eally exist between the lay and legal
members of the House, and it some-
imes crops out rather unpleasantly.
Mr. Ferris, member for West Northam-
erland, was on this occasion especi-
lly severe upon the " gentlemen of the
ong robe," as he delights to call them.
Mr. Currie deprecated the attack upon
he legal profession, while oppesing the
movement to cut down the salaries, and
he debate, which seemed to be tecitly
nderstood as serving for the whole
uestion, was continued by Messrs Dea-
on and Hardy. The motion Was lost
n a vote of 31 to 47. Similar resolu-
ions upon various items, as they came
p, were defeated upon votes not widely
iffering, the Governmental Majority
eing eighteen or nineteen on every di-
ision. In a clause in the Elections
ill concerning the village of Blyth,
r. Creighton discovered that a job
as sought to be perpetrated, and
romptly informed the House of the
et. The bill proposed to leave the
Wage of Blyth for electoral purposes
xactly as it would have been had it not
ecome incorporated. Mr.Creighton's in-
ntion was that it should have been at -
ached to the riding of West Huron as
e weaker riding of the two on the di -
ding line of which it is, situated, and
e charged the Government with
gerrymandering," because they had
ot so provided. The answer to his
rictures was that it was imposeible to
scertain so correctly the relative pop- ,
ations of East and West Hurdn as to
e able to decide to which of the ridings
e village should belong, and that if
e question were left undecided, a con -
steel election in either or both of the
dings might be the result. Besides,
e political complexion of -Blyth is
ch that it would make no appreciable
fference in the result of the contest in
e riding to which it might be et-
ched: Some progress was made in
ssing the School Bill through com-
ittee, one of the clauses passed re -
rioting the privileges of non-residents,
d reducing the fees for seuding their
ildren to an outside school by one -
if.
Cin Friday the Elections Bill was
ended by inserting a clause by which
candidate should be liable to dis-
alification for the payment of lawful
d reasonable expenses incurred by
mself or his agent in good faith, and
t with any intent to corrpptly influ-
ce his election. The attack on sal-
es was again begun in Concurrence,
e special object of the assault being
e salary of the speaker.' It was move
from the G-overnment side of the
use that it should be reduced from
,500 to $1,250, a reduction in ,propor-
n to that made in Ministers' salaries.
. Scott moved in amendment that it
reduced $500. The amendment was
t on a vote of 35 to 49. Numerous
er `motions of a similar character
re made and disposed of without dis-
ssion. The Opposition did not ap-
ex to take very kindly' to their self -
posed task, makinabtheir motions and
ing for them as if it were -wholly a
y and not a pleasure, and. as if they
re at bottom a little ashamed of them
-
yes. Of course it iga very creditable
ng to endeavor to save the people's
ney, but a ten per cent. reduttion in
il Service salaries with very little
empt to reduce the expenditure in
er directions savours somewhat of
mall potatoes." A motion to strike
the item of $13,000 for the payment
$1,000 each to the Superior Court
ges was made by a Government sup.
ter, on the ground that Ontario hay -
no voice in their appoietment,
uld have nothing to do with their
uneration. This was opposed by
h the Government and the Opposi-
, and was lost.
The House met again on Saturday,
ad sat from 11 o'clock until 3. An
amendment to the Assessment Act,
moved by Mr. Bell, abolishing the ex-
emptions from municipal taxation of
lawns, pleasure grounds, &c., was lost
on a vote of 37 to 46. The elause _in the
Bill relating to Grand Juries, reducing
the number of Grand Jurors required to
find a bill to eigbt, was struck out on
motion of Mr. Hardy, who said he was
not satisfied that the Legislature pos-
sessed the power to make the reduction.
Sev
eral items in the Supply Bill were
concurred in, after a aumber of divis-
ions.On Monday, shortly after the opening
of the House, Mr... Mowat referred in
feeling terms to the death if Mr. John
McLeod, member for We.t Durham,
wholiad died on the peevious Sunday
evening. The hon. gentlem n died very
suddenly, having taket par in all the
votes of Thursday. Mr. Lauder, in a
few well chosen words, exeressed his
concurrence in the remarks of the At-
torney -General, and thoug Mr. Mc-
Leod, for some years, has not taken an
active part in the proceedi gs of the
House, yet there was a time when there
was no more industrious a d. no more
useful member. He entere the House
at Confederation, and repre ented con-
tinuously the same constit encv
the time of his death. If late his
health had been very serio sly impair-
ed, and for a considerable t me he was
evidently unfit to perform his duties.
It is usual on the death of a member,
while the House is in ses ion, to ad-
journ, but the near approac of proro-
gation rendered it, in this ase, impos-
sible to do so. The Jurors' and Scheel
Acts were read a third. ti e. While
the latter was under consid ration, Mr.
Bell moved that the electio s for Pub-
lic and Seperate School tru tees, in the
city of Toronto, be held o the same
day and at the same plaCes the voting
being by ballot, as elections for alder-
men. He supported his m tion in a
few remarks, saying that h had been
requested to make it by h s Catholic
constituents, Atnd repres nting the
Catholic clergy as refusing t e ballot to
Separate Schools. Mr. Fr ser • some-
what angrily replied, express ng his sur-
prise at the Separate School' cause be-
ing championed by the ho. member
for West Toronto, who is sjrell known
as an Orangeman. He re ented the
statement that the Rornai Catholic
people of Ontario required to be pro-
tected against their own cler , and de-
clared. that there was little f ding, even
in Toronto, in favor of hOldi g Separate
School and municipal electi ns concur-
rently. Several members iso disap-
proved of special legislation being pass-
ed affecting Toronto. The otion was
loot on a vote of 2 to 54. T e remain-
der of the measures were p t trough
their last stages, the supple entary es-
timates passed, and a genera clearance
of the order paper had. Th re was in-
cluded in the supplementer estimates
the sum of $4,500 for the est blishtnent
of a warehouse in one of tlie leading
French cities, for the encour gement of
the export to European foreigi. countries
of Canadian products.
On Tuesday His Honor th. Lieuten-
ant -Governor proceeded in tate from
Government House to the arliament
Buildings, and was pleased (vide On-
tario Gazette) to give his ass nt to the
Acts which the Legislature • ad, in its
wisdom, seen fit to pass. r. Speaker
presented Her Majesty, th ough His
Honor, with the Supply 1 ill, which
Her Majesty, by His Honor, as graci-
ously pleased to accept, as t e Clerk of
the House did notify to tho:e present,
and His Honor then read a :peech pre-
pared for him by his respo sible ad-
visers, after which Hon. Mr. Hardy did
announce that the House we, drily and
formally prorogued. The hird Par-
liament of Ontario then tactically
ceased to exist.
. W. G.
TORONTO, March 12, 1879.
Facts on Data
To the Editor of the lluron
g•
ositor.
Deta Sin,—Since it has b en decid-
ed by a conamission appoint d by . the
United States Government t at the de-
predations by the locusts are at an end
for the present, and that co sequently
grain growing will be carried. on, on a
much larger scale than ever was at-
terepted before, it will be we 1 for the
farmers of Ontario to macula e whether
we are able to compete, in t e markets
of the world, with those ho have
cheap, fertile lands, light age and
doublethe yield which we m y expect
under our present system of g ain farm-
ing; they will agree with me that our
chances are small against s ch odds,
when I can assure them, on good au-
thority, that an acre of prairi land can
be purchased, broken, seeded. harvest-
ed. and the produce put into t e market
for aboutthe interest on the rice of an
acre of good wheat land in so e of the
best localities in this Provinc , and that
the average yield of fall whea from the
machine, for one county in the west
during the past season, was t enty-five
bushels to the acre, and sold f or seventy
cents a bushel. Will it not b:, prudent
for us to take a serious view o the situ-
ation and shape our course ac ordingly,
sow fewer acres, double the p. duce by
a higher system of culture, oweettffi-
cient for honae consumption, and turn
worn-out fields into clover for J the pro-
duction of beef, mutton, bt4tter and.
cheese, for which our soil i so ad-
mirably adapted. Of these four . pro-
ducts cheese must always sta d first in
regard to profit, easy tran portation
and certainty of sale. Hcit se sons may
hinder the profitable sale of b tter, the
rinderpest or Texan fever m y hinder
or destroy the cattle mark t, while
cheese will pass on regardless of quar-
antine regulations, and in ca e beef or
mutton should become scarce, cheese is
the only article that can beco e a sub-
stitute, for it has been decided by the
best authorities that even skim milk
cheese, pound for pound, as, nourish-
ment, is equal to beef, and new milk
cheese, which contains, in addition. to
the albuminoids, all the olein of the
milk, stands in relation to beef as four
to fourteeu, and when our people come
to learn the value of it for food, we may
reasonably expect that it will ,take the
place of beef, mutton and the everlast-
ing pork on every table in the land.
With these preliminary remar -s, which
have grown longer than I inte ded, we
shall discuss the subject of t is letter,
and one of primary irnportanc to us in
handling milk,which has beenthorough-
ly tested_ and has given entire satisfac-
tion in the United. States under the
name of the
COOLEY SYSTEM.
The system was described in the Ca-na-
dian Farmer of the 19th ulte but as
very few in this neighborhood take agl.'
ricultural papers, and this is destined
-
to make dairying a success. I take the
liberty of laying it before the readers of
Tem EXPosiroB. The propriety of •)x -
eluding the atmosphere from milk in
order to preserve it longer sweet at-
tracted my attention some years age,
which we tried with good results, for
the past two seasons, in preserving the
evening's milk to be taken to the fac-
tory on the following day, aud had the
cans been so constructed as to be per-
fectly air tight, the experience of our
neighbors across the lakes goes to show,
that milk might be kept sweet a great
length of time. The article referred to
applied to butter making, when the
milk was strained as soon as drawn
from the cows into tin cans 20 inches
deep and 8 inches in diameter, which
were set in a box, each can having a tin
lid like an inverted tin pan, which fit-
tedsair tight and was kept in place by
slats wedged over them. The box was
then filled with water, which covered
the cans. If water from a, well could_
be got as low as AO or 50 degrees, it was
all right; it was let in at one part of
the Lox and passed out through an out-
flow; but itt case the temperature of
the water was -above 500 , ice was added.
to reduce the heat. The cream all rose
in twelve hours and the milk was as
sweet as when drawn from the cow,and
could be used for feeding or cheese
making. It will be observed that by
this process two objects are attained,
first, the entire exclusion of air; second,
the reduction of temperature, thereby
completely preventing incipient decom-
position, for they assert that it is not
necessary to scald the cans oftener than
once a week. The conditions reqiiired
to produce fermentation are a tempera-
ture of 60 degrees and upwards and the
presence of oxygen or an oxidizing agent.
But the atmosphere consists of a mix-
ture of oxygen and nitrogen, in the pro-
portion of 21 of the former to 79 of the
latter, with a small quantity of car-
bonic acid gas, and particles of mineral,
vegetable and animal odors, which
milk, when exposed, greedily abserbs,
by which it becomes tainted. and has-
tened into decomposition. The speci-
fic action induced innew milk by con-
tact with air may be simply described
in the following manner: The sugar of
milk undergoes a re -arrangement and is
converted into lactic acid and perhaps
a single atom of alcohol; the lactic' acid
neutralizes the alkali which holds; the
casin in solution; the curd acts as a
fermenting agent to still further the for-
mation of acid; general &composition
ensues, in which the butter, curd and
salts of the ruilk undergo ceraplete
change. If the process be allowed to
continue for a considerable length of
tinae, the butter will disappear and an
acid take its place,which has a disagree-
able odor like that of rancid butter,
which chemists call butric acid; the
curd diminishes, carbonic acid and nox-
ious gastaeare . given orf, and a thin
membrane covers a sour liquid. Fer-
mentation once established will con-
tinue so long as oxygen is presentheace
the necessity of excluding air and re-
ducing temperature in the preservation
of milk, butter, meat and cheese, and.
all sorts of food containing albumin in a
moist state. Everyone accustomed to
handle milk knows that thunder will
hasten decomposition in the rciilk,
cause the butter to COTG8 soft and
curdled, in summer, if there is much
heat. These effects are produced by
two causes. First, by the presence of
sensible electricity, Which is a powerful
decomposing agent ; second, by the
formation of various gaseous compounds
that have an injurious effect on milk.
By the exclusion of air these gases can-
not mix with the milk, and by having
the milk cans Completely immersed in
water the chemical changes that would
otherwise take place, through the
agency of the electric fluid, would, in
all probability, be prevented.
The Cooley System is admirably
adapted to the manufacturing of butter
on the joint stock or creamery system,
as the milk can be kept on the farm,
and, with the addition of meal and oil
cake, will furnish excellent food. for
calves or pigs, while a single horse
would draw the *ream produced in a
whole route, which would be a great
saving of labor and expense, besides
favor the raising of young stock. That
thismode may be used with great ad-
vantage in keeping milk to make cheese
is certain. The advantages to be de-
rived will be that the milk being per-
fectly sweet, it will yield a curd free
from incipient decomposition, and. if
not allowed to stand on the acid in the
factory, so as to induce fermentation,
cheese may be made in May or June
that will keep till Christmas, and thus
avoid the necessity of sacrificing our
products in the heat of summer.
Whether this method has been tried, I
cannot say, but science points to this as
the rational system for us,with our prin-
cipal markets beyond the Atlantic.
Another advantage in air -tight cans is
that the milk might be carried over
long and rough roads without agitation
and with much more ease to the team,
for it would ride as solidly as so much
stone. It may be asked how are we to
make our cans air -tight? SOMO one
may suggest a better plan, but this is
mine: Take the lid to the tinsmith and.
get it pressed upwards in e c tre, so
as to be slightly convex on the pper
side, the centre of convexity to e in
the centre of the lid; have the f • eel
soldered firmly in, so that it shall not
extend below the under side of the 1*d;
next get a groove sunk in the flangej of
the lid, in which place an inclia-ru er
cord well stretched, so as to fornI an
elastie band; put the nailk in the can,
force down the lid until the milk rises
in the funnel. when there will be no ait
in the can; then cork the funnel tightly,
and if the work has been well done, it
should be perfectly air -tight. There
will be no danger of the lid getting out
of place with the pressure of the atmos-
phere on it, which, at our altitude, will
be something hke fourteen pounds and
a half to the square inch of surface.
By giving your principal attention to
dairying and. stock raising for the next
seven or eight years, the wasted. fertil-
ity of the soil can be restored, by which
time we will be in a position to conapete
with our western neighbors, whose
wasteful system of tillage will by that
me _ ave exhausted the prairie farms
of the West.
Since writing the foregoing, I 'find
that the plan of butter making here
recommended has been adopted in
Michigan. • Whether they use the
refrigirator is not stated. As there is to
be a /fleeting in the Egmondville Grange
on Friday evening, at 6 o'clock, March
the 21st, at which this subject will be
discussed, everyone in the vicinity who
has an interest in the business should
MARCH 14 1879.
attend and come prepared to give ha
opinions, when, if it be considered ad.
visable, we can formulate a plan by
which butter may be made for the fires
part of the coming season.
M. McQuADR.
TucKnisx.rm, March 4th, 1879.
Cane:dial, Notes.
—A Walkerton paper speaking of tli4
effect of the Donkin Act lately repeat.
ed. in Bruce says: The reign of the
Dunkin Act ended her on Friday last,
The License Commissioners issued la
tenses for the two months from Ataseii
1st to May lst, ,When the new license
year will commence. The Dunkin...Act
proved such an 'utter failure that iven
its na-ost earnest advocates were glag
see it abolished. It proved. a- gee
cuniary loss to the people, bu
moral loss is -of far greater consideras
tion than the mere loss of the license
monies.
—Last Saturday afternoon a heaver
thunder -storm passed over Erin towns
ship. The lightnina struck the -chine.
ney of the house of kr, Archibald. lee,
Millen, 9th concession, lot 19, scatter.
ing the bricks in everyelirection, pusher
down the chimney, bursting the stay
: -
pipes, and blowing the end of the stove
out, scattering the licls, fire and ashes
about the room. Although there were
a number of people in the room at the
time no one was hurt A young man
naareed Graham, who was nnloading
wood at the side of the house, wee
struck and knocked down'and had to
be carried into the house, but soon re-
covered from the shock.
—It is evident nothing definite is at
present known as to the ultimate Wel
of the Great Western Company; severia
rumors having circulated lately, tea.
ing of its disposal in two different dire..
tions The Ilanailton nines repeats
the original one with reference to Vara!
derbilt taking hold of the road, aua
says : It is stated on very fair anther..
ity that it is rumored in New York
that Mr. W. H. Vanderbilt is willing to
take the Great Western Railway and
guarantee to its shareholders four per
cent. interest. The sooner the official
of the road know whether the scheme
of Col. DeGrey or the proposal of Mr,
Vanderbilt find favor with the ehare-
holders the better, as these continual
rumors of transfer must be very un-
pleasant.
—The judges appointed. under the
provisions of the Maritime Jurisdiction.
'Act of 1877, to constitute the Maratha°
'Courts of Ontario are their lemon
Jacob F. Pringle, of Cornwall, Cornels
jus V. Price, of Kingston; Edmund J,
Senkle, of St. Catharines: Thomas B.
McMahon of Sinacoe ; Charles Robinson,
of Sarnia; Isaac F, Toms, of Goderieb.;
and Henry Macpherson of Owen Sound.
The deputy registrars of the said court
are James A. Henderson, of Kingston;
F. W. Macdonald, of St. Catherines;
C. C. Rapelye, of Simcoe ; and tieniy
McDermid, of G-oderich ; and Jaraes
Masson, of Owen Sound. The DeputyMarshalle of the said court are Sheriffs
D. E. McIntyre, of Cornwall; Wine
Ferguson,of Kiiagston ; Joseph A. Wood-
ruff, of St. Catherines; EdmundDeeds,
of Simcoe ; James Flintoft, of Sarnia;
Robert Gibbons, of Goderich ; Joseph
Maughan, of Owen Sound.
—The Right Worthy High Court of
Ontario, Independent Order of Forest-
ers, convened. in special session at Lon-
don, on the 7th inst. At its meeting
the following resolution was carried:
" Thatin the interest of Independent
Forestry in Canada., it is desirable that
the connection, so far as the manage-
ment of the endowment funds are eo.
corned, with the Order m the United
States should be brought to as speedy
a ternaination as possible, and that the
Order in this Province will suffer no
diminution of the endowment amount,
but will assess ourselves a sufficient
amount to make good the sure of
$1,000." This resolution was carried
almost unanimously, only two voting
against it. It was then resolved to
petition the Executive Council of the
Most Worthy High Court to call a
special session of that body on or before
the 12th of April, to consummate and,
settle details in connection with the
separation. Among the representatives
at the meeting were Brothers J. H. Mc-
Dougall, from Seaforth ; P. Robb, Clin-
ton; J. S. Langlais; Mitchell; P.
Thomson, Brussels, Wm. Elliott and
J. Williams, Wingham ; and D. Stewart,
Bluevale.
—S-ays the Sault Ste. Marie Pioneer;
For many years past it has been fre-
quently said, as a reproach to Algoma,
that "it did not raise bread for its peo-
ple," and a stranger hearing such a re-
mark would be very like/3r to accept the
assertion because the soil is inferior.
• But no greater mistake could possibly
be made than that, as the quality of the
land. is excellent The statement had.
truth only itt the fact that the farmers
did not raise wheat for flourine pur-
poses, because there Was not a mill
within 300 miles of them at which it
could be turned into flour. The case is
very different to day A score of 'flour-
ing mills have beeu built,- and all of
thern find plenty of work to do—some
of them more than they can get through
with—and it only requires the farmers
to extend their clearings and increase
the acreage of wheat sown to not only
"raise the bread for its people," but
supply other less favored localities with
the staff of life. The same paper says:
The township of Korah, which had only
about a score families in it two or three
years ago, has now a population of 352,
owning at the present tune 230 head of
cattle, 177 sheep, 54 pip, 48 horses and
37 dogs.
—Mrs. Kent 'Mean, who recently
perambulated. the country in the role of
a virtuous temperance lecturer, turns
out to be a scape-graee and a fit com-
panion for D. I. K. Rine. It seems her
name is not Mason at all, but Clayton
Her lawful husband is the Rev. A. N.
Clayton, who has written a letter to the
press, telling of his domestic troubles,
arising from the capricious conduct of
liis wife. In epeakingof their estrange -
I ment, he Says t US primary cause of it is
"ono who claims to be the brother of
Mrs. Clayton, but is not even so by
birth, kinship or legal adO tion had
reasons, which I need not mention, for
taking a firm stand against the assump-
tions of thie ro.an, naore than two years
ago. I forbid his corresponding' with
nay wife, whioh has been regular up to
this time, and. I also desired her not to
visit his home at all. My wishes have
been disregarded by both of them. I
have borne my troubles in comparative
silence, hoping for the best. Now I am
prepared to lift the curtain. *
Would you hold yourself responsible for
her
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