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TENTI1 YEAR.
WIIOLAE NO. 476.
REAL EPITATE 1F-011- SALE.
VQB SALE.—A Stave and Shingle Factory at
Blyth. Apply to R. RUNCIMAN, Clinton.
VRAME COTTAGE FOR SALE.—Containing 4
rooms arid 2 kitchens, situated near Mr. A.
Stewart's 'brit* residence in Seaforth. Apply to
W. N. WATSON, Seaforth. 488
VCR SALE—A. new Frame Cottage and aere
eE a land on Tuniberry atreet, Brussels, just
north of the Railway. Apply to C. R. COOPER,
Brasseds P. 0., with stamp for answer. 4744
• T_TOUSE TO RENT OR SELL.—Will be sold
A" or milted, a comfortable frame house, with
well and garden attached. This house is adjoin-
ing the Eamanron Office. Apply to A. M.
CAMPBELL, Seafortla. 485
VARMS 'FOR SALE.—East halt Lot 11, Con. 12, .-
-1-'43TeRillop; also South SU acres of Lots 1 and 2
Con. 16, Monis, adjoining the village of Blyth.
For particulars apply to McCAUGIIEY& 110LME.
&TED, Barristers, &e., Seaforth. , 425
VARA! FOR SALE.—North half of Lot 12, Con.
-1- 13, McKillop. containing 75 acres, 40 cleared,
balance well timbered, with good buildings; for
sale cheap and on easy terms of -payment. Apply
to McCIUOLIEY & HOLMESTED, Seaforth. 449
910 SELL OR RENT.—To sell or rent, that
.-1-• comfortable and pleasantly situated dwelling
house and grounds recently o9jupied as the Pres-
byterian Manse, Possession grven on the 10th of
January. Apply at The Expositor Office, Sea -
f • 474 •
;
TrATIM FOR SALE.—For sale, that splendid
farm now, in the •oecupation of Michael
Madigan. being Lot 11, in the 5th Concession,
containing 100 .9.01138. Excellent build-
ings, good fences and terms easy. J. S. POR-
TER, Beaforth. 471
VARlit FOR SALE.—East half of north hall of
A: Lot 16, Con. 13, Price, 2,00O;$ $800
each, balance in 12 years, with privilege to pay at
any time and in any Emma to suit the boner. Also
house and lot for sale in Seaforth. Apply to Z.
DERIIYSELIRE, Seaforth. 476
liDROPERTY FOR SALE.—That valuable prop-
-1- erty ou Goderich Street occupied by the Goder-
Ida Manufacturing Company as a Machine Shop.
Also dw11inghonseandlot adjoining. The above
property will be sold on easy terms. For particu-
lars apply to GRAY & SCOTT. 439
FARM FOR SAT.—For Sale, Lot No. 34, Hu-
ron Road, MoKillop, containing 100 acres, 85 Of
which are cleared and in a good state of cultiaa-
tion. Is within a mile and, a half of the town of
Ssaforth. It is one of the best farms in the coun-
ty and, will be sold cheap. Tarf.r.TAIr FOWLER,
Xeaforth. 475
InifinDING LOTS IN SEAFORTH FOR SALE
-1--J —Dr. COLEMAN, having laid out the grounds
retently occupied as a Driving Park into Buid-
ing Lots, is prepared to dispose of lots on reason-
able terms to any who may desire them. Parties
desiring to purchase ahould make immediate ap.
plieation. 364
'PROPERTY FOR SA.T.E.;—Two lots, with a 2
" story frame house and barn, situated on the
Market Square, Seaforth. The premises have
been used as an egg packing establishment, and
are well adapted for any public, businees. For
particulars apply to the proprietress, Mrs. MAL -
COM, Seaforth, or to D. GORDON, Goderich,
Ontario. 456
WARM FOR S ALE.—Lot,15, Coneeasion 4, Town-
-I:,, ship of Stanley, containing 981 acres, about
50 acres clear and in a state of good cultivation,the
balance well timbered with maple, elm, hemlock
and cedar. There is a good frame barn on the
premises. It is convenient to sehocd and char=
a d within two miles of Bracefield. station. For
particulara apply to ALEN' A NDER MeE WEN, on
the premises.
470tf
T3LANING FACTORY FOR SALE.—For Sale, a
iirst-class old established Planing Factory.
Machinery of the latest and most improved kinds,
aearly all new and in first-class running order, and
convenient to the junction of the Grand Trunk and
tareat Western Railways, in the flourishing town
elf Clinton, in the County of Huron. For further
particulars apply to the undersigned by letter.
*TEVENS & aninnER, Minton., 47614
DAIRYMEN'S CONVENTION,
SEAFORTH, FRIDAY, JANUArX 161 1877.
The twelfth annual convention of
American Dairymen's Association was
held in Ingersoll last week. Mr. Chadwick,
of Ingersoll, one of the vice-presidents of
the association, presided in the absence
of Hon. 'Horatio ' Seymour, president.
Anteing those present were Prof. Arnold,
of Rochester, N. Y.; Hon. Harris Lewis,
of Frankfort, N. Y. • Prof. E. W. Stew-
art, Of Chicago; dr. Thomas Ballan-
tyne, M. P. P. for Stratford, and other
leading dairymen.
The president referred to the good
which was being accomplished by these
conventions in the dissemination of
knowledge upon dairy interests, and in
the coasequentetitivantages from a mone-
tary point ot view. There had been a
complete revolution in dairy matters in
Canada within the past eight or ten
years, though he believed that this in-
terest was even yet in its infancy.
ATPLICATION OF HEAT IN THE DAIRY.
In the absence of the writer, Prof.
Arnold read a paper on the application
of heat in the dairy, by Mr. A. L. Fish,
of Cedarville, N. Y. ' In the application
of heat to milk in cheese -making care
should be taken not to bring it to that
point which caused the Idismtegration of
the particles, or to apply it unequally.
The action of the heat should be made
slow or fast,. according as that of the
rennet was rapid or the reverseA sud-
den or partial exposure to .high heat
caused loose, sour and musty cheese.
With regard to the use of vats, he urged
cheese makers to remember that' the
tendency of heat in fluids was upwards,
and that of curds under manipulation
downwards.. The thinner the sheet of
water or steam between tate outer and
inner vat the sharper would be the heat,
and the hotter the inner surface of the
heating vat. The wider the space be-
tween the two vats, the milder and more
even would be the 'heat secured. All
changes of temperature should be gradu-
al. The most perfect success the writer
had achieved in thirty years' practical
experience in cheese -making, was wrought
by keeping the space between the two
vats at blood heat and no more. By
this means the heating surface of the in-
ner vat WaS not in contact with a particle
of milk or curd at a higher temperature
than that of the space mentioned. A
set at SO to 84 degrees until coagulation
was perfectly formed, and then not ex-
posed to more than blood heat after-
wards, would retard acidulation and
favor the efficient action of the rennet.
To improve the present system, he would
recommend the widening of the heating
space between the va-ss, especially at the
sides, to ten or twelve inches, so that
the heat might be equalized before reach-
ing the bottom of the inner vat. Insteacl
of forcing currents of steam from pipes
towards the- inner ,vat, he weald point
them outward and downward near the
BROTHERS, Publiehers.
61 50 a Year, in adnance,n
4
of cows fed some on hay and others on
grass, demonstrating that it was poesible
even under what were usually considered
adverse circumstances, to produce goods
of a high quality. The great balkof
what was called hay cheese was, not,
however, particularly fine. The eheese
exhibits from both countries in the Oc-
tober display were generally tine and
than some of them he had never seen
finer anywhere. They were absolutely
faultless, The very best had one pe-
culiar feature in their manufacture, and
that was that those in which the flavor
Was the most pure and nutty, and which
'appeared the richest and most meaty.
had the whey removed from the curd at
the earliest period. This was the essen-
tial point in what was called the Cheddar
process. The cheese shown by the
United States was not very uniform in
quality, and the same was true of the
Cpnadian exhibits. Canada's average,
however, was higher than that of the
United States. This superiority be at-
tributed to the fact that the Cheddar
system was practised more in Canada
than in the United States. The cheese
presented in October by Thomas Ballan-
tyne, M. P. P., of Stratford, in which
this peculi rity of make was most 'suc-
cessfully
shown 4,11
graded it 1
outer vat at various points. In cheesing
the curd after it was pressed there should
be a due restraint of heat, and the con-
tinuous action of heat and rennet should.
be kept steadily on. The suppression of
the heat after the cooking of the curd,
so called, should also be gradual.
Cheese, when 'finite& to ae special_ _de-
mand, should be placed in a tempera-
ture too low ,to admit of a continued
action of the deconaposing agents heat
CHANCE FOR MECHANICS.— For sale and rennet. All factories should have a
room in which cheese could be held at a
low temperature and thus preserved in
order.
THE DAIRY AT THE CENTENNIAL.
Prof. Arnold delivered an address on
•cheap a lot with a house, wagon ehop and
lumber shed thereon, situated in the village of
Walton. The buildings are all new, and this is
an excellent opening for a good avagonmaker.
There are three blacksmith shops in the village
and only wagon -shop. A stook of all kinds of
seasoned lumber will be soli with the property or
separately. Apply to JOHN COWAN, Walton, the subject of "The Dairy at the Cen-
Ont. 470+8
tennaal." The dairy department had on
the whole proved to be a- creditable and
successful exhibition of dairy products.
The display of prodacts connected with
the dairy comprised. butter, cheese, con-
densed and preserved milk, and butter -
coloring, cheese -coloring, preserved ren-
nets, and rennet esttracts. Of butter
there were shown a total of 292 pack-
ages, having a total weight of 9,150
pounds, Of this number 226 packages,
weighing 7,051 pounds, were from the
Haron Road, Seaforth, with four lots adjoining,
TIES1RABLE PROPERTY FOR SALE.—For
Sale on reasonable terms, the residence and
grounds in Egraondville at present occupied by
J. S. Porter. There Is a comfortable dwelling
house with all necessary out -building a and con-
veniences, also a large driving house and stable.
There are four acres of land, well fenced, and a
good bearing orchard of fruit trees' This would-
be a most desirable property for a market gardener
or a retired farmer; Apply to S. S. PORTER. 468
•
TTOITSE AND FOUR LoTS FOR SALE.—That
'LA' elegant two-story brick dwelling hense on the
United Sta4es ; 23 packages, weighing
there are 8 bedrooms, parlor, thawing, room„ fl-
ing room and kitchen, with soft and hard water
most convenient; there is an excellent garden
attached, also stables and outbuildings this is
a handsome homestead, and a rare chance is
offered to intending purchasers.; it will be sold on
1,749 pounds, were from Canada; and 42
packages, weighing about,' 350 pounds,
were .from o the recou ntries. This amount
was presented in 119 exhibits, of
favorable tams: For farther particulars apply to -which 123 were from the United States,
THOMAS STEPHENS, Seaforth. • 462 16 from Canada,. and 10 from other na-
tions, including Portugal, the Argentine
Republic, Brazil, the Netherlands, Ger-
many, Italy, and Denmark.. There Were
31 awards for exhibitions of butter re-
commended by the Committee with
which he (Prof. Arnold) was. connected,,
23 of which were for exhibits from .the
United States, five for Canada and. one
each for Portugal, the Netherlands, Ger-
many and Denmark. The display of
cheese was much larger than that of but-
ter. In all 2,086 packages were exhibit-
ed, weighing 55i taiise which were pre-
sented in 411 exhibit's. There were from
the -United States 1,012 packages, weigh -
FARM FOR SALE —For sale the West half of
' Lot 29, Con. 8, McKillop, containing 50 acres,
25 ofi which are cleared and in a good state 01
cultivation, the balance is well timbered with
hardwood. There is s. good frame house and
frame stable on the premises, also a young
erehard. It is one mile from the gravel road at -
the village of Winthrop, where there is a sawlmill,
flour mill, stores, school, churches, and all other
idllage conveniences; also within six miles of
Seaforth, Apply to the Proprietor on the prem-
ise, or address_ Winthrox P. O. JAMES Mc -
DONALD. 470
VARM FOR SALE.—For sale, north half of Lot
11 and east half of Lot 12, Con. 12, Hallett,
containing 100 sores, 85 of whiCh are cleared and
in a good state of cultivation and wellnnderdrain-
ed, balance is well timbered ; a large frame barn .
and frame Sibable, good log' house and other tuna. ing over 26 tons ; from Canada, 1,002
lags; good bearing orchard; a never -failing packages, weighing over 29 toias ; from
stream running through the farm, also a good other countries, 65 packages, estimated
well; about 8 acres of fall wheat sown. Is situ-
ated about 11 wiles from Clinton and 12 miles at 500 lbs. These were from Portugal,
from Seaforth. For further particulars apply to the Argentiue Republic, the Nether -
the proprietor on the premises or to Harlock lands, Brazil, Vdctoria, Italy, Norway,
P. 0. ANGUS CAMPBELL. 4f39 Turka,y, France and. - England. The
cheese from the United States and Cana-
da was mostly the product of factories.
Over 100 awards were recommended for
exhibits of cheese. Of these 45 were
for the United -States, 49 for Canada,
and the remainder for other countries.
One very useful sample of rennet extract
was presented from Copenhagen, Den-
mark. It contained only the active
agency of the rennet, so concentrated
that one pound would coagulate 10,000
lbs. of milk. It preparation was kept
a secret, but he. (Professor Arnpld) was
experiraenting'in connection with Prof.
Caldwell, of Cornell University, and
ivouldl in the spring present to American
nd Canadian dairymen the result in the
Ihave of an extract equal to the Danish
rticle. The Professor referred to the
general, display of Canadian butter, und
said that it did not display that care in
manufacture which was essential to the
production _ of a good article. In the
June display of cheese there appeared
sonic fine samples, made from the milk
arried out, was the finest
ing the exhibition, and was
0 plus. To it was awarded
the sweeps eke prize for best Canadian
cheese. (Applause.) The October ex-
hibits of Mr. D. Chalmers and Mr.
Alex. Mackenzie differed but little from
the best. The percentage of perfection
in the October exhibits of cheese from
the individaal States, and the United
States collectively and Canada collective -
for cheese at the late Centennial Exhileal
tion, spoke on "The manufacture o
cheese and handling of milk." Th
-firat thing to be considered. was the con
dition in which the milk was delivere
at the factory. The arrangements shoal
be such as to ensure the complete clean
liness of the utensils. Cheese should _b
manufactured so as -to be ripe at as earl
a season as possible, but much will de,
pend on the condition of the milk. Th
modes pursued by the well-known chees
makers, Messrs. Chalmers and Mae
kenzie, were here referred to. In th
early part of the season they used abou
lbs of salt to the 1,000 lbs., .never ex
ceeding 2 ,lbs. Later on, when they
were not hurrying their cheese to mar-
ket, they used 2t lbs. to the 1,000 lbs.
A proper temperature was also neces-
sary. A temperature of 65 deg, wri
quite sufficient in the fall; whilst •75
deg. would be required in the spring.
Ile had. been very much struck with the
-fact that a great deal of our worst cheese
was never the effect of rennet nor bad
milk, but resulted from stirring the curd
during the heating process. • In the early
stages, such cheese smelt as if it had
been toasted. Whilst heating the milk
it is of the utmost importance the he
• should be gradually applied -84 de
wasahout the temperature for the sun
mer, and 86 or 87 in the spring and fal
The milk should be allowed to heat f
about an hour and a half. In the sprin
the whey must be kept up to the sanT
temperature as the curd. And it is al
necessary, particularly in the spring, to
have the curd put to press before it is
too cold. Cheese makers should avail
themselves of visiting and inspecting
ly were as follows: Connecticut, 50 per other factories. In cheese manufactu e
cent; Ohio, 60; Wisconsin, 76; United
States, 76.82 ; New York, 79.05; Penn-
sylvania, 83.22; Canada, 87.36. (Loud
applause.) Prof. Arnold said. that in it
comparisoa between the exhibit a of dif-
ferent States or countries much depend-
ed on whether the samples were care-
fully selected or sent at random.
Mr. Caswell said. the latter was the
case with Canadian cheese, Prof. Ar-
nold said that then he had to admit that
the Canadians had beaten the Americana
in a fair and square competition. (Loud
applause.) Hon. Harris Lewis congratu-
lated the Canadians on their success, and
said though he was pretty well pleased
that they had come off so well, he would
have felt considerably better if they had
Just allowed.Herkimer coanty cheese to the milk before he put the rennet la.
get ahead of them. (Laughter.) He did not approve of using sour wh y
In reply to .a question, Prof. Arnold in the milk; such a proceeding alwa s
said that butter packages should fret be gave the cheese a buttermilk sort
soaked. with cold brine, They should
thea have boiling hot brine poured into
them, and this should be allowed to re-
main until cold. Some good samples of
butter at the C.entenaial had been spoiled
by neglect to cleanse the packages in
this way. A good 'quality of salt was
also an important item.
LEAKS IN THE DAIRY.
On Wednesday, Mr. C. L. Sheldop, of
Lowville, N. Y., read a paper on "Leaks
in the Dairy." Be spoke of the neces-
sity for economy in the dairy, owing to
the keen competitien now existing in
the produce market. 1 If there is but a
fair profit with the best dairy, it wouldf
need a microscope to discover the profits
from the worst. One of the leaks is the
lack of good milk -producing food, given
at regular periods, -whether fodder, corn,
rye Or other produee. By this means,
one is enabled to get the largest supply
of milk when dairy, produce brings the
best price. Cows must also be - well
housed, or good feed will be Of little
avail. Be kind to the cows; every blow
you strike makes a leak in the dairy.
VA, ell made cheese lk often damaged by
imperfect curing, and this is a 'leak
which gives a great deal of trouble,
especially in late rade cheese. g very
careless, slovealy airyman becomes a
public curse; and, on the contrary,
every careful one a public blessing.
Cooling rooms are necessary in the hot
season; and great care must be taleen to
have the temperature regulatingthe cur -
we have four agents to do the whole
work, -viz.: Heat, rennet, salt and acid.
The latter is perhaps the most impor -
ant. By the Cheddar process we are
enabled to correct the bad effect of tain -
ed_ milk. • He had prepared no paper.,.
but would be glad to give further infor-
mation, if asked. ,
A discussion ensued, in the course of
which Mr. Ballantyne said he eves in
favor of coal stoves for heating the pre-
paring room, because they did not re-
quire so much 'attention. He was net
in favor of a second story over the cur-
ing house, owing to the difference ef
temperature in the upper story. He
held it was impossible to make geed
cheese from too new milk. He heated
JaVSINESS.—'
For Sale in one of the best loci:ill-
-1 ties in Ontario, Lot No. 5, Village of Belmore,
Township of Howick, County of Huron on the
gravel road, 7 miles north of Gerrie and. Wroxeter
stations. ' Dwelling HOTIS6 and Shop, built for a
tore; Lt contains about three-fourths of an acre
of good land; splendid opening for any business,
eipecially s. harness maker, as there is none nearer
than 7 nines. The above property will be sold
cheap. Itrequirecl onlypart of the purchase money
down. Applyto S. PEEBLES, llopeville; Ont., or
to \VM. ASHDOWN, Merchant, Belmore, Ontario.
The above Lot is the property of the late William
Fitzgerald. 472x12
VALUABLE MILT, PROPERTY FOICSALE.—
T The property is situated on the Town Plot of
Urey, about 3 railea from Ethel station, on the
Southern Extension of the Wellington, Grey and
Bruce Railway. The machinery consists of 35 -
horse engine y 40 -horse 5 -flue boilar, large ()hailer
edging and, butting sews, shingle and heading ma-
ehine and shingle jointer. The machinery is all
first-class, and has only'been running about a year
and eight months. This is a rare chance for men,
of capital, as there is a pod local trade, and any
quantity of Timber of all kinds to' be had. Satis-
factory reasons given for selling. FuJI particulars
on .application to GARROW BROTHERS, Grey
Post Office. N. B.—All notes and aesoimts over.
tine must be settled at once, and save trouble sad
expense. 475
ing rooms suited to
Prof. Stewart, of
nal. Chicago, spok
the season.
the Live Stock ,,Tour -
of the necessity for
great kindness to cattle. A cold barn
was a most unprofitable method of dairy-
ing. It required 50 per cent. more food
to keep a good cow in a bad barn I than
in a good one, and for the money lost in
two years' time, through a bad barn, a
farmer would be enabled to build ,anew
concrete barn, air tight, with dduble
glass windows, &c. They should al-
ways give their animals plenty of light;
ne had.no doubt one of the leaks in the
dairy was want of 'light. The chairman
said the true theory of farming was to
make the farm produce nearly everything
they needed.
At the afternoon session Mr. George
Hamilton, of Cromarty, occupied the
chair.
Prof. E. W. Stewart, of the National
Live Stock, ,loarnal, spoke on
DAIRYING AND FERTILITY.
taste. The milk would be in much bt-
ter condition' if the farmers brought the
evening andmorning makings to the
factory separately.
Mr. IL W. -I-iately, of Brantford,
spoke of the relative value of white and
colored cheese. He had bought fine
white cheese at Montreal last year, and
had great difficulty in selling it at a cent
leas_ a pound than colored. Mr. Ashley,
of Hastings, said that in the neighbor-
hood, of Belleville last year, they had got
more for white than for colored, a
they went into it because it saved col
in. Mr. Caswell, of Ingersoll, knew
r -
of
midwinter, barefooted. He emigrated to I graph, even to the minutest detail.
.
Canada in 1E30, settling Pushnch,
where he has since resided.
• —The Welland Vale Works, at St.
Catherines, were destroyed by fire on
Friday last. The.loss to the company
is estimated at $100,000. Over 90 work-
men have been thrown out Of employ-
ment.
—While a man named Arch. Cameron
was driving and parading a horse at,
Brechin, Ontario Co., which be desired to
sell, and for which he had been offered
$150, the animal fell and broke one of its
legs, and had to be shot.
—All the tavern keepers in Prince
Edward have closed up their yards,
stables and houses to the public—in fact,
gone out of the business of hotel -keeping.
They are also circulating a petition for
the repeal of the Dunkin Act.
—A youpg man namedCookabsconded
on the 7th of January with $52 from the
Treasury of the Sons of Temperance,
Dorking, and a horse and cutter belong-
ing ,to Mr. Wm. Mack. No trace of
him has as yet been found.
—Two accidents happened recently
at Wallaceburg, two parties while rolling
aawlogs off sleighs ; the first to Mr. P.
Hookwith, who had a leg broken; the
other a day or two afterwards, to Mr.
T, Lyons, who had. both legs broken be-
low the knees.
—Seme idea of the excellence of the
road -bed of the. International Railway
may -be gained from the fact that the
train which left Halifax on Wed-
nesday morain,g with the Peruvian's
mails readied Truro, a distance of 61
miles, in 62 minutes.
—Some evil disposed persons entered
the premises of Mr. Louis Young, Tilson.-
burg, and, with knife, proceeded to
destroy the contents of the clothes line.
The line was well filled with ladies' cloth-
ing, which was cut and torn in such a
manner as to be completely destroyed.
—The death of Mr. Hugh C. Thomson,
for many years Secretary ef the Agricul-
tural and Arts Association of Ontario,
at his residence in Toronte, on the llth
inst., will be learned with regret by
many persons who were accustomed to
do business with him at the Provincial
Fairs. He was a good arr.
one gentleman whose cheese he would
have bought if it bad been colored • but
who had to keep it, or sell it at a loos.
In white cheese imperfections were mere
easily discernable. He suggested that
thy should have a model dairy in con-
nection with the model farm, and that
the practical dairymen of thh Province
should, in rotation, give instructions.
They had. great need �f such an institu-
tion. Mr. Ballantyne coincided with
Mr. leaswell e and added, as an addi-
tional improvement, that one man-
ager might be appointed to take the
charge of some eight or ten factories,
and thereby ensure an equally good arti-
cle in each.
Canada,.
Catherine Cullen, a female lunatic
in jail in Belleville, has -not eateu any
food for 24 days.
—Crowds of unemployed besiege, the
Montreal Road and. Water Departments,
begging for work.
—On Friday last, Mr. James Dickson,
grandfather of Mr. J. D. Caswell, come
pleted the 111th year of his age.
—Barber, the Toronto bank defaulter,
has been sentenced to five years in' the
Penitentiary, with hard labor.
—Mr. Jacob Courtney shot a large
cinnamon bear sdrnewhere in or near
Dresden last weela It is the largest
ever killed in these parts.
—Henry Granlin, lately. convicted of
murder, cut his throat with a piece of
glass last week in Woodstock. Thee is
a chance of his recovery.
He began by stating that his subject
was one which dairymen had yery little
considered.. Ile ineant to show the dif-
ference between. feeding a cow for milk --
and feeding a steer for beef. Agrieul-
ture is the basis of all human prosperity,
4,and there is nothing to hinder us meet-
'ing in cordial co-operation on this occa-
sion. The dairy interest is the greatest
individual portion of the agricultural
• system of -the United States and Canada.
If we deduct the cows usedloi breeding
.purposes and furnishing food for their
calves, there will !remain in both coun-
tries about 10,0()0,000 cows, producing
an annual produet, at $40 per head,
worth in the market $400,000,090. This,
although a moderate estimate, is greater
than the value of the cotton crop, wheat
crop, or any single crop, save that of
i
grass, which s consumed by every class
of stock. But the dairy interestis des-
tined to assume Rtill more vat propor-
tione. He contended that _butter -
'making was more profitable and bet-
ter for' the farms than cheese -making,
as the soil did. nit become so impover-
ished.
• CANADIAN ;OMEESE-MAILING.
Mr. Thomas Ballantyne, M. P. P. for
South Perth, winner of the gold. dedal
—At Ottawa last week a attempt to
warm a house in the coursia of construc-
tion by the aid of a charcqal fire was at-
tended with unpleasant Circumstances.
The workmen, 12 in nuniber, were seiz-
ed with violent vomiting, and only avoid-
ed fatal results by escaping to the open
air.
—George 'Wright, of Watford, who
went to England in the fall with a num-
-ber of horses, has returned. The trip
was successful, although he lost three
horses immediately on landing. One of
the lot,' "Bay Charlotte," sold for $735.
tie intends to visit England again next
afiring, taking with him another lot of
horses.
—At Ottawa, a gang of juvenile thieves,
many of who'll' are the sons of respec-
table citizens, was broken up by the po•
lice last Friday night, and three of their
number were arrested. They had made
arrangements for extensive operations
during the wiuter. The chief of the
gang is a tifteeu-year old. boy named
james Johnston.
—A young lad named Robert Farrell,
five years of age, was found lying dead
drunk in a by -street in Montreal a few
evenings ago. The police visited his
home and found his father, mother, and
six inmates all drank. The little fellow
had been dosed by his mother to stop his
cries for bread, and it was not until three
o'clock in the morning he was out of
-danger.
--The opinion given by Mr. Guthrie,
Q. C., county solicitor for Wellington,
was that any merchant or trader could,
under the Dunkin Act, sell five gallons
of liquor or a ,dozen bottles of ale or
porter without any license whatever.
Mr. John A. McKenzie, solicitor for
the County of Bruce, has instructed
the Huron township council in a similar
manner.
—The following incident of the vote
on the Dunkin, Act in Kingston is from
one of the local papers : In a late issue
we referred to an invalid voter who had.
been carried from the sleigh up•the stairs
of the City Hall to say nay to the
passage of the Dunkin Act. That was
his last vote; the next day he died, and
his death was brought about by the very
thing he voted -in favor of—whiskey.
—The shipments of oil in barrels from
Petrolia station, for the year ending Dec.
31, were 318,020, being a larger quanti-
ty than for any previous year in the
history of the oil region. During 1875,
194,628 barrels were shipped; and in
1874, the quantity was 224,886 barrels.
The largest quantity sent off. in any one
week was that for the week ending Dec.
7, when 14,239 barrels were shipped.
—Mr. Jphn G raha,m, member of the
Provincial Legislature for the County of
Frontenac, died at Kiugston last Friday
morning, of congestion of the lungs.
—The groes earnings of ' the Grand.
Trunk Railway for the week - ending
'Dec. 30th were: Passengers and mails,
$46,912; freight, $93,096; total, $140,-
008. -
—Last we notice was given that a
Bill would be introduced into the Onta-
rio Legislature for the incorporation of
the town of Brantford as a city. Aim"
ilar Bill is to be introduced for the in-
corporation of Belleville.
—It is said that the destitution in Ot-
tawa is terrible. All public works are
stopped and the working classes are on
the verge of starvation. . St. Vincen
Paul Society alone have Over 150 fam
receiving relief:
—Some idea of the state of the at
phere in Manitoba during a cold
may be gained from tbe fact tha
day last week the thermometer was
below zero at Winnipeg, 470 bel7 at
Swan River, and 57' below at B ttle-
ford, the capital of Mr. Laird's new ter-
ritory.
—Mr. Paul Winard, one of the pioneers
of Puslinch, died at his residence in that
township on the 8th inst., at the age of
85. The deceased gentleman was at one
time in --the French regular army, and
served under Napoleon 1. at Waterloo,
and in the memorable and calamitous
Moscow ex dition, from which be re-
t de
ilies.
mos -
spell
one
40°
The box of teke wood, in Which the
-
painting -was sent from the other side
of the world, is in itself a curiosity.
The painting is encased. in a massive
gold frame.
--A meeting that appears to have
originated with the German editors was
held lately in Berlin, Ont., to discuss
German education—in the Public Schools.
It was resolved to ask the Government
to appoint a German examiner for teach-
ers and a German inspector.
—The traffic receipts on the Toronto,
Grey and Bruce Railway, -for the week
ending 30th of December, were as fol-
lows: Passengers, $2,274.20; freight,
$4,644.97 ; mails and sundries, $501.74;
total, $7,420.91. Against passengers,
$2,486.35; freight, $2,958.25; mails and
sundries, $313.25; total $5,757.85 for
the same week last year. This is an in-
crease of $1,663.06.
• —At the late meetin a of the
Council of the Agricularal and
Arts Association the following
resolution .was unanimously carried:
That the Government of Ontario be re-
quested by the Ceuncil to grant ;the On-
tario Veterinary College $600 annually,
in order to make the institution more ef-
ficient for improving veterinary skill
throughout Ontario.
—Mr. Ferdinand. Yost, an extensive
farmer and stock -breeder, living near"
Hanover, lately departed, leaving some
of his most confidential friends in the
lurch. A sale of valuable -thorough-bred.
stock a day or two before his sudden de-
parture, and other recent transactions,
show pretty conclusively that the step
was not taken without being prepared.
Several parties in Walkerton are among
the' greatest sufferers.
—A few months since Mr. Wm. Reid,
who held a chattel mortgage from T. R.
Rhoder, formerly paper bag manufactu-
rer, London, seized a horse under the
same to secure the payment of a debt.
Rhoder disputed the right of Reid to do
this, and entered an actionagainst him ta
for the price, on the ground t it was a
mare he seized, and that a mare is not a
horse. Judge Elliot decided that a mare
is a horse, aud found for the defendant
Reid.
—The salt interest in Kincardine gives
practical signs of livening up. Mr.
Rightinyer, not satisfied. with the pro-
ducing facilities with which he has
done sucb. good work in the past, is now
enlarging the bore of the well one inch,
in older to secure a larger flow of brine.
Mr. Scott. has contracted for a large sup-
ply of cordwood, and is engaged in
Making preparations for starting busi-
ness again in the old block at an. early
date.
; —There are 308 pumping wells in -the
Canadian oil' region, with a daily pro-
duction of 1,179 barrels; daily average,
382 barrels. In addition there are 43
drilling and preparing to drill, and. 17
preparing to start up. The total con-
sumption of crude in Canada is fully 70,-
000 barrels a month; at .present the
yield does not equal the consumption.
The stock on hand at Petrolia is about
175,000 barrels. The cost of drilling a
well averages $175 • ' with the machinery
and other fixings, $1,300.
—At the annual meeting of the mem-
bers. of the Presbyterian Church, Galt,
held on New Year's day, it was decided
to abolish the system of pew rents, and
to raise the general funds of the Church
by means of the "envelope system"'
which, it is believed will prove fully as
satisfactory. It was also decided. to erre
gage no precentor for the present, but to
ea.ve the leading of the singing in the
hands of a large choir.
—A Waterloo paper says that there is
some of the finest timber in that section
that can be found in Canada. It men-
tions the fact that a stick of dressed
pine which grew on the farm of Mr.
Jacob B. Erb, measured 68 feet long,
squared 31 inches at the top by 36 at the
butt end, and was perfectly sound, with-
out knot, flaw or crack throughout.
By the time it gets to Quebec this stick
will probably fetch $200 or more in the
market.
—Mr. H. McAfee, of Walkerville, has
lately received. from China it very large
and striking portrait of himself, painted
by a native artist. The painting is
nearly four by five feet, and represents
Mr. McAfee in the regalia of Grand Mas-
ter of the Grahd Lodge of the Independ-
-A. few days since one of the family
of Mr. Gilbert Calhoun, of Carlisle, was.
married, and. a number of evil -disposed
youths in the neighborhood having got
wind of the affair, resolved upon getting
up a charivari, which they did in the
most approved. mariner and custom.
They disturbed the quietude of the
party, and when ordered to leave re-
fused. Subsequently Mr. Calhoun had
five of the boys summoned before a
magistrate at Ailsa Craig, who fined
them $1 and cos s for trespassing on Mr.
.f..
Calhoun's proper y.
—A Brantford grocer named Scott
eloped the other day with his deceased
son's betrothed wife, and left his law-
ful partner to whom he had been married.
32 years. They were arrested. at De-
troit. The man was liberated, and the
woman taken back to her father's home.
Scott is nearly 60 years old,and not at all
good looking, while his misguided. victim
is rather handsome, and about 22 years
of age. This is the third time that
Scott has left his lawful wife and gone
off witla another woman.
• —A tavern at Walkerville took fire
about 3 o'clock Sunday afternoon, but
by a prompt application of Walkerville
.water from the new waterworks, the fire
was extinguished. At 5 o'clock the fire
again broke out, but this time was over-
come by a hand brigade, who did. some
lively bucket handling. The tavern,
profitting by experience, waited. till it
got the Walkerville people all at church,
'and at 8 P. M. the fire broke out in a
f resh place. The waterworks were not
immediately available, on account of
some repairs going on, and the fire took
its time, burning patiently andpersever-
ingly until the roof fell in when -the
'Windsor Fire Com,pany came and saved.
the shell- of the building. Loss, come
°pieta ; insurance, $1,000. The building
was owned by Mr. Jacques, of Windsor,
and occupied by Mrs. Pratt. .
—The subject of the following sketch,
taken from a Galt paper of the 10th
inst., ina,y not be unknown to many of our
readers: • "We have to record this week
the death of Mr. Alex. Fisher, a gentle-
man well known throughout the neigh-
borhood and in the County of Brant.
Mr. Fisher became ill three weeks ago -
from congestion of the lungs, and his
illness increasing, he came to Galt two
days ago to remain with his mother,
where he died' on Tuesday morning. Mr.
Fisher was a native of Scotland, where
he spent his earlier years. He edited
for,some time with* marked ability the
Borditr Advertiser, a paper published in
the town of Galashiels. Emigrating to
Canada,. he engaged in the profeasion of
teaching, which be followed till a few
years ago, when he assurried the editorial t,
management of the Paris Star. He was
a man possessed of many good qualities ,
of mind and heart, and his death will be
ent Order of Oddfellows of Ontario. A learned with regret by a large circle of =-
photograph was taken in Windsor, sent acquaintances, His ability as a writer, -
to Chma, and with a few instructions as particularly au scientific Ana 'cultural
to color, &c., the celestial artist has pro- topics, was fienerally aokuow an&
treated withis comrades in arms in duced every line and shade of the photo- appreciated.