HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Huron Expositor, 1870-09-30, Page 7eigh
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StPTEMBER 30, 1870
--,The Fortifications of Paris.
The late Prussian successes :make the
safety of Paris the decisive question of the
war. Paris being the politicarlicart from
-which France receives nearly all her vitali-
ty, she natura)4y regards its capture by an
invading army as her death blow, and con-
centrates all her energies in putting,it in a
state of complete defence. The occupation
of Paris by the Allies' after the disa,strons
battle of -WaterlOo in 1815, was the natural
consequence of a defeat; which seemed to
paralize France and leave her za the mercy
of he enemies, but its successf61, and al-
most bloodless, accompliahment was due to
the unprotected state of the French Capital.
The combat at M011 Ste ar tre was short and
bloody, for it was evidently not intended as
anything more than a show of resistence
which the French army considered due to
its honor before the foe could crown his vic-
tory by the -final conquest of the Capital.
Since the day of Wellington and Blucher
- vast changes have been. made in the French
Metropolis, and to such an extent was it
fortified Prior to the revolution of 1848,
and under the Ministry of Mr. Thiers, and
later, during the reign of Napoleon 111,
that the loss of a dozen Waterloos by France
-
would still leave, Paris secure against a
series of disasters in the field.
THE ENVIRONS OF THE CITY.
From all sides of Paris 'branch. the great
roads. laid down by the Imperial Govern-
ment to every part of the empire. In all
eases these roads are made to pass under ,the
guns of the fortifications, besides being cov-
ered and commanded by the series of detach-
ed forts that crown the eminences in the
vicinity of Paris.
in like manner the roads are so carefully
located as to be completely protected by the
fortifications. The main line of the _Chem -
in. de fer du Nor passes through St.- Denis
after leaving Paris, and is unapproachable
by an enemy until it enters the open coun-
try to the north, being protected to the west
side by the River Seine, and on the east
side by- the fortified canal St: Denis and the
town itself, which latter is surrounded .by
formido-ble works. The line to Strasbourg,
destined to play such an inportant part in
the presentrwar, is also secured for several
miles by redoubts which command it nem
the neigbouring heights. All the Southern
and Western: lines of railroad are secure,
being covered by the Seine and, strong de-
tached forts, so that a surprise by a sudden
seizure of the railroads by-, an invader, and
the rapid concentratien ef troops at points
near the city, _would not endanger Projs.
The readiness with which troops could be
massed in advanced positions outside the city
lines by means of these railroads contri-
butes very nauch to the defence of Paris,
and would render regular siege approaches
difficult.
The junction of the Seine and the Marne
occurs about one mile from the city, on the
south-eastern side. The latter river, like
the Seine, is very tortuous, and has many
snaall islands along its channel. Numerous
villages dot its banks. Of those in the im
mediate neighbourhood of Paris, may be -
mentioned Neuilly-sur-Marne, Nogent-sUr-
Marne, Ohampigy-sur-alarne, Bonneuit-sur-
Maine, Oreteil, and St. Maur les Fosses.
Immediately north of the confluence of the
two rivers ektends_ the celebrated Bois de
Vincennes, with• its immense castle, and
fortified ban acks, and magnificent forest.
To the north east of the city, and on the
great road from Paris to Metz and May -
elate, lies the Forest of Bondy, well known
in connection with the history of the
Frenc-li aapital. In like manner to the
west and south-west, are the Bois de Bou-
logne and the Parc de St. Oland, the former
on the left bank of the River Seine, and
the most popular resort of the citizens .of
Paris, as it is close to the city and elegant-
ly ornamented, the latter on the right b6ik
and about two miles outside the forafi-\
cations, surrounds the Palace of St Cloud.
Monmartre occupies the most command-,
position in the neighborhood of Paris,1
anth was the scene of the last struggle ,'be-
tween the troops of Napoleon I.- and the
Prussia -ns under Blucher. The country on
the eastern .side of Paris is undulating,
ridge shelters the north and east side of
the city, while the centre isnearly level.
A glance at the map shows the positian of
the detached ft-A-ts.,, which. occupy the sum-
mits of the high ground, particularly on. the
'east and south skies.
MAD"; ROADS AND RAILROADS LEADING NROM
PARIS . —.THE FORTIFICATIONS.
Paris is completely surrounded by a bas-
tioned enceinte, with a crest Of nearly fifty
feet high. This enceinte consists of several
main. Forts, traced to suit the peculiar don -
formation of the ground, and fon-Us a kind
of pentagon with .unequal sides. On thes'e
main forts are. traced over ninety bastions,
varying in proportions, but maintaining a
-.uniform shape throughout. The scarp of
the works is faced with a kind of soft stone,
laid in regular courses, and -backed by rub-
ble masonary. The height of the scarp is
31 feet, the ditch is 77 feet wide,,and the
counterscarp is 18 feet deep, and' slopingat
an angle of forty-five degrees. A simple
with a berm separating its crest
froni the top of the counterscarp, and thus
forming a covered way, extends outside the
ditch. The perimeter of the enceinte is
over eight French leagues in length; and a
considerable space is left for military pur-
'poses between the works and the'Nty.., In-
side the enceinte runs the . grand military -
road. from which the bastions and curtains
of the fortifications are reached by ramps
or slopes. In some of the interiors of the
bastions, cavaliers of earth work are eon-
structed, by'which 'a defilement of the ad- -
iPining terreT/eines and the military road,
as well as a searching fire over the grdaind'
is obtained. By Means of the adoptiOn of
extended lines of front, p -tected by bas
tions constructed on the same right line, the
task of approach to a besieger would be ex
tremely difficult---; as no salient point is pie
,,sented which he can envelope or on which
he can. 'concentrate his attack. 'This is a
reason why' the French Government ex-
press their confidence in the security , of
Paris, as it would take an immense force to
invest the place, while the besiegei's would
in no place be strong enough to resist the
repeated sorties en force of the garrison.
Paris is nokdependent for safety on the
bastioned enceinte above described. A sec-
ond and exterior line of defence has been es-
tablished by which an approach to the first
or interior line of works is prevented. The
-exterior line of defence consists of 16_de-
tached forts, each one so constricted as to
render it an independent defensive posit -ion
capable of resisting a siege. These detach-
ed forts are, constructed about a mile and a
quaiter from' the enceinte; and about. the
same distance apart, and are connected by
military roads, so that an impregnable cord-
on is drawn around the city. It is calcu-
lated thdt an attacking'army would occupy
a front of over 30 miles in extent before the
investment of theplace would be in any way
effective. This fact, coupled With the well-
known military spirit and training of the
people. ma,kes a siege of Paris, in the ordi-
nary 'acceptance of the term, almost an im-
possibility,
he facilities enjoyed by Paris for trans-
porting troops, -ammunition and supplies
from point to point withrn her limits, rend-
er the task of defence in the hands of a com-
petent coMmander far from difficult. Good
roads and citiy railroads encircle and inter-
sect Paris in every direction, so that a much
'smaller garrison is requiredtilt= the im-
mense extent of fortifications would lead
one to believe. The cost of the work is es-
timated at over two-thirds of the value of
the city they protect. In 1841, the Gov-
ernment obtained a grant from the Cham-
bers of $30,000,000 for the work. Since
then they have been constantly strengthen-
ed., and the extensive repairs now being
made, on. which many thousands of work-
men are engaged, are intended to complete
the great work. -
Six thousand Pieces of ordnance can be
worked fromi the defences of Paris, and with
the additional works now constructing, and
the immense improvements in artillery, it
may be said that " the safety of Paris is as-
sured." Nothing but a repetition. of the
events of 1815,when the defeated Emper-
or of France was betrayied and deserted by
those .whom he raised to power, and the
-keys of the city were handed without a
struggle to theconqueror, could endanger
Paris.
HOW FAR CAN PARIS STAND A SIEGE 7—THE
ACTUAL SITUATION.
Even assuming that the place will not be
sufficiently victualled to sustain a month's
siege, it cannot be starved out until it is
invested, and it seems to be admitted that
the circuit of the cordon -of forts which sur-
round Paris is toO great to 'admit of com-
plete inveitment by any force which the
Prussians w ould have availatle for the.pur-
pose, after deducting for the daily increas-
ing detaehments that will be.required to
guard .their communications against the
levies rearshallinweverywhere to intercept
them. The enceinte of this
CORDON OF FORTS
exceeds twenty:six miles, and the circle
commanded by the heavy naval guns, with
which they are being armed, -won kl,probab-
ly increase the circuit of a complete invest-
ment to about forty -miles, and in. the face
of the 150,090 men occupying this circle of
forts, and possessing"the advantage of in-
terior l.ine of communications, the Prussi-
ans could scarcely afford to divide or extend
their forces to, the extent required for a
complete investment. The French seem to
consider the west and north-west of the cor-
don. too strong to be assailable, and to be of.
opinion that the portion.s of the enceinte
most likely to be attacked are these to the
north and past, lying between the Seine, at
St Denis and the Marne, near its conflu-
ence with the Seine, immediately east and
south:of the Bois de Vincennes. This con-
stitutrs a line of defence about _nine miles
in, le gth, defended by eight or nine in-
suatel fOrts, with nu9ielous redoubts in
their' intervals, all aijI to be armed with
a proportion of the l ea.viest rifle guns
used in the navy, and as this line of
forts is distanitfrom nearly four to five
miles from the Place de le Bastile and
Boulevard de Magenta, to which must be
added the further distance which the range
of their heavy mins wbuld command it is
evident that no portion .of Paris lying with-
in latebarriers could be effect -6,11y bombard- •
ed until the exterior line of forts was brok-
en through. 1 And if the hastily construct-
ed earth -works that defended the south of
Sebastopol were able to keep out the
French and English for -twelve months, is
it too much to expect thatl the far strong-
er works that defend Paris should occupy
the Prussians for half as many weeks 7
And, after she weeks of unsuccessful as-
saults, delivered with the lavishness of life
they have hitherto displayed, What would
be the .
LOSSES THE–OF PRUSSIAN ARMY
besieging the place? At Sebastopol the
guns of attack and defence were equally
matched, and were our ordinary siege and
naval smooth -bores at Paris, those used
on both sides will be rifled ; but the French
forts will be armedwith the heaviest naval
guns some of them 400 and 500 • Pounders,
while, according to -the: journal. of the' Uni,-
ttd SerVice fistitution, the Prussian siege
$,; duly tici,?ziw projectile of 'fifty-seven
pounds, witka:ellogo of one-te4th ; and,
with the railway broken up in -their rear,
how many Weeks will it fake the Prussians
111 XPOSITOR.
to place a si ege train, even ef such guns as
these, in position against St Don's'? I ani
told that,,according to the "arithmetic of
sieges," dss sieges were before the intrcduc-
tion of rifled guns, forts such as those around
Paris might be expected to hold out Fix
weeks ; but what effeot will the ereploy-
ment of rifled guns of a power so imprece-
dented in siege operations as those with
which the woks of Paris are said to be
armed, have in prolonging the duration of
the defence? 1 am not aware , of any ex-
periments on the penetration in made
earth" of any rifled ordnance heavier than
the Armstrong 110 pounder, the penetra-
tion of which gun was determined by exper-
iments instituted by the Select Committee
of Ordalice in 1868. The result was as
follows,: Penetration in made earth of 110
pounder Armstrong, 21 feet 3 -inches ;. 40
pounder Armstrong, 14 feet 11 inches ; 32
pounder smooth bore, 9 feet 3 inches. A
paper on the results of these experiments,'
by Captain Boileau, R. E., is published in.
the Journal of the Untted Service Institu-
tion 'for December, 1865.
LUMBER! LUMBER
THE undersigned have on hand at their Mills,
half a mile North froth the Village of Ain-
leyville, 500,000 feet of Good DRY PINE
LUMBER, of the following different kinds; viz t
—inch, inch and a half, and two inch, clear. .A
large lot, (over .100,0000 inch ancl a cluarter, and
inch and a half flooring, both dressed and und.er.
dressed ; half inch siding, common boards a -n4
plank, 12, 14 and 16 feet long. Board and strii
LATH, all of which will be sold ivt redaolie
prices.
They have lately added a first-class planning
machine, to their other machinery, and intend
keeping dressed lumber of all kinds constatatly
an hand.
The public may rely upon being able toprocure
any of the above articles of Lumber at their
Mills, so long" as it is here adve•tised.
Parties sending lumber to the mill can have it
dressed on the shortest notice and lowest possible
terms.
M. & T. SMITH.
Ainleyviile, Feb. 11, 1870, 114-tf
DISSOLUTION OF PARTNERSHIP.
MHE PARTNERSHIP heretofore existing be -
1. Hugh Steele and James Young and
carried. on under the name of Steele & Young,
has this day dissolved by mutual consent.
Witness . S HUGH STEELE,
W. H. McCRACKEN. JAMES YOUNG.
Aar Hugh Steele having purchased from James
Young his interest in the business, keeps the shop
and books, collects all accounts, and settles all
against the firm. The business is still carried on
by
HUGH STEELE.
Ainleyville, September 19th, 1870. 446 -3 --
FARM FOR SALE.
rIOR sale—an excellent farm of 25 acres, 21
cleared, well fenced, with a good log house-,
frame stable, young bearing orchar& and a first
class well and pump, beim, the east corner of lot
No. 6, 1st Con. Township of Hulled, Co. Huron.
Gne half mile from the Huron Read, 5 miles from
Clinton and ,k from Seaforth. This farm is well
situated for a gardener. Will be sold either with
the present crop or without. For further particu-
lars apply to the proprietor on the premises.
ENOS MORTON.
Seaforth, June 17, 1870. I31-tf
THE SIGN OF THE GOLDEN
rpHE subscriber begs to inform the public that
he has just received a great variety of Sad-
dles and
TRUNKS
Which he is prepared. . to sell
At Prices Almost Unparelleled.
COLLARS Of every desci,lption, warrant
ed not to hurt the horse's nee.k. •
In the way. of Harness
OF ALL RINDS,
He is, as heretofore, in a position to give his
customers as good value for their money as
any other establish' n ent in Ontario.
Quality of work and. material, employed, indis-
- puta,ble:
tW-• SIIOP OPPOSIT E . KIDD d;
JOHN CAMPBELL.
Seaforth, Jan. 31. 1870. 52-tf.
MING GOODS.
New Suits,
New Dress Goods,
Boots & Shoes.
ALSO A NICE STOCK OF,
CROCERI ES,
_Bontltron,
on, s.
e-eafo7:1h, April, 14, 1670. 52-tf-
T-400IKQDT POIR,
IRIIG4 LS!
NEW 'GOODS
JUST RECEIVED,
EMBRACING THE
LATEST STYLE
a
In English and
Canadian
TWE ED
B
WM. CAMPBELL,
Merchant Tailor,
New York House,
SEAFORTH, ONT.
GENTLEMEN,
ATTENTION
Hats that are HATS!
A Fine Assortment of
G-ENTS' HATS
OF THE VERY LATEST
FASHIONS, JUST RE-
CEIVED AT THE
NEWYORK HOUSE
WM. CAMPBELL.
SEAFORTH, July 28, 1870. 54--
Seaforth Foundry
ZAPFE&CARTER
DESIRE TO CALL THE ATTENTION OF
THE PUBLIC TO THEIR
•
CASH FOR ECM!
MHE subscriber begs leave to tender his thanks
to his numerous for their liberal patronage
during the last three years, and also to state that
he is still'prepared to pay the •
Highest Cash Price
For any quantity of
Good Fresh Eggs
Delivered at his shop, Main Street, Seaforth
D. D. WILSON.
SEAFORTH, Feb. 28, 1870. ' 125-tf.
CUSTOM
TAIL 0 -RING.
•
MHANKING he public for their liberal patron -
1_ age extendecl to us since commencing busi-
ness, we hope by strict attention to merit a con-
tinuance of the same.
01.TrETII\TG1-
Parties who may require Cutting clone, -cam _
have it executed with Accuracy, Neatness, and
Despatch, at MODERATE PRICES,
SUTHERLAND BROS.
SalavonTat, September 1, 1870.
82—
•
SEAFORTH
FURNITURE WAREROOMS
M. ROBERTSON
Importerand manufacturor of all kinds of
HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE
Such as
SOFAS,,
LOUNGES,
CENTRE TABLES,
MATTRASSES,
DINING & BREAKFAST TABLES,
BUREAUS,
CHAIRS, and
BEDSTEADS,
In Great Varity.
Mr. R. has great conidence fn offering his
goods to the public, as they are made of Good
Seasoned. Lumber. and by First -Class :Work-
men. ,
COFPINSIWADE TO ORDER.
On the. Shortest Notice.
WOOD TURNING
Done with Neatness and Despatch-
Warerooms :
TWO DOORS SOUTH SHARP'S HOTEL, -
Main Street.
Seafarth, Jan'y 2„1st, 1870. 5741.
T0 MERCHANTS, TRADERS,
&c. &c.
The subscriber has just received a large assort.
0.e ment of
IV DAY BOOKS, LEDGERS, JOURNALS,
Blank- Books, Bill Books, Ceunting:House
Diaries,
g) Pocket Diaries for 1870,
Bibles, Prayer Books, Psahn BOoks—and rt;
large assortment ofmiscellaneous books in splend-
did gilta bindings, suitable for Christmas and
New Year's Gifts.
Sabbath 'School Books !
Reward Tickets, &c:
1:711
•
pa.
Plain and .P.aney Note Paper and Envelopes
*ad
0.& Pens, Ink, Peimills, -School Books, etc.
*II •
Musical .Instruments
These machines possess many improvements
on any heretofore Made, They are manufactur
log Machines of TWO SIZES, one especially
constipated. for travelling; the other a smaller
size, `calculated more especially for HOME USE.
So far as their large machine has been intro-
duced, it has given the VERY BEST SATIS-
FACTION.
They manufacture the Pitts' Im-
. proved Horse Power.
1. addition to the above, the sithscribers manu-
facture almost etery article in their line, such as
. SAWING MACHINES, I
Capable of sawing from 50 to. 60 cords of wood
per day.
'STRAW CUTTERS,
, of .a Superiarkind.
GANG PLOWS,
The Latest Improved.
CULTIVATORS AND PLOWS,
Which cannot be surpassed.
--o--
EVERY DESCRIPTION OF
-C_A-SrriNG-S 1
MADE ON THE SHORTEST NOTICE
---0 .
They have &highly approved patternfor.
SCHOOL
DESKARONS. .
REPAIRS IN ALL BRANCHES
Attended to -Promptly:
g' They cm -Ploy, no Agents, and can therefore
give thepurchaser...the advantage of the coma
=Sion. . .
. They employ none-butthe leg skilled' labor,
and materia!, which' warraOts... them -in 'guaran-
teeing satisfaction. - - -
&TENDING PURCHASERS WILL PLEASE GIVE U8,
A GALL BEFORE BUYING FROWOTHERB.
ZAPFE & CARTER.
Seaforth, September, 1879.
--=
143-1y—
Accordeons, Concertinas, Violins, Violin Strin
Rosin, Bridges, &c.
Briar and Mereschaura Pipes, and. Fat
Goods of all kinds.
A large assortment of
TOYS
For Girls and. Boys,.
At LtiMSDEN'S
Corner Drug and. Book Stor
Seaforth, Jarev: 21st, 1870. 3-5
GOOD NEWS !
—FOR THE—.
People of Seaforth
\EW RAKERY!
AND
CONFECTIONERY STORE.
er - 0 -A, VAN A GI- IT
'(LATE OF STRATFORD,)
BOGS to inform. the inhabitants of Seaforth
that he has opened a Bakery and. Confection.
ery Store, in the prerafsei lately occupied.
Ca,rinichaePs Hotel, one door South of Mr. F.
Veal's Grocery Store, where he will have on hand
at all times a choice assortment of -a
Bread, Fancy Cakes, Wedding
Cakes, Confectionery, &c.
Alpo ICE CREAK and_ all kinds of SUMMER
DR iuNsKtSolmsucehr. sitppiid
as :od4 W.eater,Lemilywi
onade,476 -;
e
Bread at their HesidenCes;
C4 -17E iME
Oideri foils
EDDINC SAKI& =Is*.
cii;N;A, NA.G:
SEAVORTH; -*Tune 30, .1870.
r
Plies for TEA-PARTI ProtnptiyAtended to),