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The Expositor, 1870-01-14, Page 4a .7 irrein ai Improvement of Steel Peni. • Few of the teilliOns who use a' Steel pen give its origin a thought, yet there is no invention which is so Universally used. Durieg the first twenty years of this century a Mr. James Perry was the -proprietor and conductor of popu- lar school nemLondon. To save him- self the drudgei•y- of making and mend- ing pens for scruerlieg 'urchins, he in- -vented. in the year 1820, in imitatton of the ancient ste/tes, a -pen made of steel, and after many uneuccessful at- tempts, so far sueceeded as to substi- tute it for quill in the" school -room. ;tin Perry although a schoolmaster, -saes atkeen heeiness man. He follow- ed up this Sices vigorously, and it ended iu the production of the eelebrat- ed Perry pen ; known and used to this day. Mr. Perry even in those ear- ly elites, knew the value of advertiaing e gave hia invention a high circula- tion, and in lt-e24, only four years after tie fleet iettodre tion of steel pens in I:err:el:4 school -it -rim, Robert Griffin vel-ro is :still living) says : "During , this year wrote with p -ns made of treseinfestered under the direction of 'air. James Perry—a pen that lasted •e;e'st or iiine weeks.) wrief tinabout -e- eight hours a day." In 1825 Mr, Per- u enipleved tifsy operatca-s in Loudon .o mariefectare. et eel pens ;but although ha a -as the iuventor of the steel pen he eas not- aide to make them popular. That wire left ise a. very remarkable man, ise., the still living •phlianthropist, Jo- iuh Mason. Mr, Marton who endowed.an orphan avian,. a few ireillt;tS ago in Endenton, near" Piirreirtelhont England, with £2,- 500,0,00, wes in his younger- days a tarpet weaver its- Kidderminster. etre-ever, left Chet oaeupation. and -went whsre he sold shoe laees, pius, ace., in the market elace, OiE. day he saw the Perryan pen expeeed iu a shop window at the thuti:an-te i'o of ixpeDoe each he ;sought tlireCicat--,fcern, determined to sue whether he :Nada not imitate them, eel soon poottuced a penlight& and heater than Ceti orieinel. Far from tak- -eg mtial a(lverage in selling them tcrattoarers. (Perry eeing then, 1830, t e o.itv maker)) 2,1 r. Masousent.three stezesi eihis oeuSe thOonted upon cards, to Perry in Lentloa, effering to make ft,cee-i at "fifteen iiiiugsa groes. • Mr. y, who -seems to have been a liberal aral shrewd htesineaa man, soon saw •that a genies had get, haldof the ieven- • tirs,n ahu COUlrl metith great progress in pooduc tier). He at once accepted Aissen's offer, made him &Mall ad veiefee of won u. only stipulated hat Mason elasuld feraish him the sole steeply. Vasen them beean to give his whole eciad, to the sahjeet. fiist effort sits h.-, get.. the saes', relied to the prop- iSeettotts.ir tibial" -Crepe at this time led .ulty 1 t the machinist wee,. cat ite to eit1 fer is regular cut, Lora e -hes had Uieu b :shaped by hand. Nile's art ii)-ezi.v- that Mason could !of n ,ttt tilOrt.; j.K.111.In,tirintughaus in a ty Masa he him:ea estetid do with all itioalsin Itondolt in a iweek, he ueeht i time te eretrose a partner- , . - co „Nftsee., r is ion sr es- accepted, and • es Mr., Pesry's death the Perryan pen eatorafactetred end oe-ned bv Mr. ettesou, .13.,,retiughea:.----Ecentontist. MTO.ItY Of Otemaessiseet---s-The origin •this. nureery fait ie seffleiently st hoes the yeer 1730, a French ef t auci'wealth, named _eatuard la pas. ice; through the streets oteeseved upon a eobler's -floe of a -feta-the w h Leh" struck lin) pee rernarisiablo smallness of its After win:lir:no it, in sometime, s estoseed• to Iris' hotee • but his • ''1(4:Qt veverted to the shoe with such e ay, that he reappeared at the stall •e /lett alav ; hat :the coobler cculd s sio other 0113 t.,) the owner, el• that it had hate) left, hi his absence purpeae t 'icing tepitirect Day . .z.r day; did Thevetierd,return to his tO 7,-1.t,,.11 the- /stint -ten tion of the whieh proceeded slowly ; nor she proprieter appear to Oaire it. -.holig-h he bed coceeleted the sits-. veer orTlis izza,, so (:etravagant be- -esie his pasaion for. the nnkuown fair , !teat Jie beoeree (were _it possible frienehman Of that day to, do. so) esholv and wierahk. Iiis Ipain Are; ver, aorne esii r appeased by -or of the Ihtle focfb :ittelf, apper- jog to a presty and y)ut:iful girl in • ,,cry humble; t class of life. All • ections were levelled at once by : the ilOb r scught the parents of • female, theis eonsent to ehteth, and fy made her his Ji ,1 y ot n a 0 ill:a; ;h era .. •!*-11 ecm, I if earerently a THE SEAFORTH EXPO-SITORii surely, practical men are finding- out that sewage should not bta,wasfed, but -that when poured out on the land, it beeonles„at once innoxious and a source of fertility. On this pot the latest particulars from the ouilitalbaesimp at Aldershot, England, are inStiefetr• etas Theh wild heath -land ainid which the camp ie"sittiated contains no vegetable • soil; but is composed of gravelapd sand, resting on a. -:denseeleyer of iron sand alintat as herd as rock. .(4t1tie an- • promising soil, one hundred aria: tlitotyca acres were trenched and broken pp ; drains wereput M, and for a year all the sewage, aed drainage of the camp was made to run over it in a continu- ous stream, With twelve thoesand men and twie thousand horses, the camp had been. very .offerieive ; but it was purified by the ea peritn en ta 1 farm; .for as soon as the sewage begon to run ovei the land, it was comeletely deodoi ised. By this thorough saturetion of the ground the land ;became so fertile that - it predaced yearly_per acre, of potetoes, • fron) 4 to 5 tons; swedes, 12 tons s mangold wurtzel, 18 tOnss, garden turn ips, 100 -bushels ; and 16,000 plants of abbage. A -portion of the lend is laid down with Italian rye grass, -which is cut from four to six times a year, for horses end cows, yielding at the lowest an average of six toes to the are, and 14 tons at the highest. . By this-sueces- sion- ofcrope, 40 tons. of rye-grass are crOt frOil3.6ach: acre yearly. .1'1)e Ten- . thy z oflanda. prese' rit under cultieatioe is—potatoes, 20 acres, ;.italian rye-grass for feed, 29 acres; the_ same for .110', 15i1 acres ;'and • for green Crops, 61 acres. This acreage -absorbs the whole summer .sewage of the • cenip and _'ar- racks.; and in this we have a most So:active example of whet may be 'ae- honiplished by. iutelligeut labour. In whateVei: part of tli"e ziworldeseinthe Tem- ' perase or in the Torrid zone, camps may cease to he fhiri of diseeset and...become ceiitteS_of fertility: Cities, teams and " villages may pour out their foul refese nr" til all their environment shall exult with ltexurient crops - of grass • and grain, and with fruits in Svonderful •abundance: tl'he Sutz Canal. LEV• ELS OF THE TWO SEAS SETTLED. — The various reports that have reaclied this •country concerting the shallow- ness of the Suez Canal, and other dis- heartening, news, may be 4t down- to ionoramt gossip or a lees creditable basis it appears from "the report, ot the cor- respondent of the London - Shipping Gazede that the -"entire length of the cafal is in a very satisfactory condition. The writer, a -ho is a nautical man, specially sent to examine the work; sounded the entire length. • From Por.. Seid to Ismailia he took 2,500 casts of the lead, and irom. • Isinaida to Suez 1.500 casts. -These soundings varied from 30 feet to 23 feet 6 inches, except at two plies—at El Guisr, between Lakes Ballah aud Timsith, and at Sera - Vs peu betweeuTimsah aB rid the wiettrees Lekes, here there bat 11 feet, -but 'dr edgeding itpd blast- ing wore, boarly increasieg doter depths alid then the ca ..al will be perfectly Safe from end to said for vessels draw- ing 23 feet and ev-er. The Nvidth of the canal over all is 'just 325 feet, wean 'width at .bottem 72 feet, ." vessels of 35 feet heath being thus able ti pass eacli ()tiler in safety. As to thetrpOrt- ed filling up of the harbour a port 6aid, besays there is no silting izip of strid Whatever, except just at the ex- tremity of the long pier, as in every other herby'', and which can be effectu- ally controlled by occasional dreoging ; and thereiSjuet as -little truth concern- ing' the reported washing away of the banks which are formed of clay, ano have .become hardened-andconsolidated, so that the wash from ,Oe passing ves- sels cannot do eerioue injury. • " Tue manner in which the entrance e to the canal ale indicated is said to be admir- able.— At Port Said there'are two ohe- • lieks and the way through the lakes ace equally well defined, SO that by day or night the entrances •• can be made with ease and certainty.' The relative 4ve1s of the Red Sea and the Mediterr4ean, a question whieh has excited touch controversy, is now Mn-. ally determined. Tnrcughout the can- al a current sets30-wards the Mediter- ranean, varyine from oae and a half knots per hour, in the vicinity of Port Said, to thee knots iri tho neigh- bothood of Suez, tiara showing that the Red Sea "has the highest. ele Va den — These facts effectually settle the ques- tion as to the Success Of the enterprise of M. Lessem oarticuliti•ly as they eomeirom a qaarter that has had the credit, wether correct or not, of beins: eadly opposed to the project: _ The iguway from sea to sea: is an tanquah- ed vietory ; though, as we have before used, until the navigation of the Red ea be rendered less dangerous but few Eing vessels"wili be bauctitte.d by this iortt 'liege."' the route to the East. It ighttake months for one to navigate entire -length of the Red hea, turd towel theongh, the cost woad reader voya,t; tiry Us_ r: 3 01 joultura. 11. Vt• gran( t t• hing• ra rat esiceltei ..f • ;Frederick the Greata.nd,his Father. be- ganand ..ttovraasha t3sri mred lo ay ecerrtnapilnetetebeforeirefrit efi ne- Fritz had now attained eighteen anent and delieate care hardly to be ac years of age, and Wilhelm -has twenty- :counted for by the few article8 of hand - ones Fritz was very fond of music, some furniture John Carver had incluig- particularly of his flute, upon which ed his wife by -saving from the is theytplayed excplisitely, being, however, of their household plenishing in Leyden. cat'eNinever to sound its notes within . Chief among 'tthese Ineubles was a great hearing of his father. A celebrated arm chair, richly carved end quaintly music master from Dresden, by thefashioned, which may still be seen pre - name of Quantz,•was his teacher. - He secved in the Pilgrim Hall of Ply ;amid); came occasionally !from Dresden and Messachusetts, where still is venerat- spent a week or tsso at Potsdam, secret- ed the inemosy of this her earliest Go- ly teaching "the- young prince. . The !'vernor and faithful servant. But it motlter of Fritz was in warm sympathy was not the chair, the table, or even with her SOD, and anted hini in all ways Catherine Carver's dainty sewing-staiel in her power in this gratification Stilland carved fecrs-stom which gave to the it was it very hazardous measure. The unfinished sitting -room of this caliin its fierce 611 king was quite uncertain in • air of taste and elegance -; it was the - his movementslle might at any hour presence of the Woman herself; is AT.35; appeal at Potsdam, and no oue could the gentle and refined atone:There which tell to what lengths, in case Of a dis- surrounded her—the ineorii,ss of her own covery, he mieht, go ui the inteneity of pure. and womanly delight in all that his rage. Fritz had an intimate fiiend was gracsfel, beautiful, and fitting, -- ill the army, a yourg man of about his JANE G. AUSTIN, ill HarPer's Magazine 0‘5•11 age, une Lienterowt Katte, who, for January. when Fritz was with his music teacher was Stationed on the look -out, th-at might, give instant wa.raing in case there Viere any 011 the Icing's epproitell. His mother also was prepar- ed, when Quitntz wirs at Pot -idea, ' her certicin Affections aucl cares spring - promptly to diapa ch a messenger to her ing front them, which you may be very son in case alie snspected his father of , sin•e, she Will not forget, and to which rr beinabout to turn his stele; in that sat is a " true woman," she will be chrectior. • fondly faithful. But does it occur t vou that if a man is a father, he al Fair Play If a woman is a mother, God gives posts, wits accostoared to ' 'sit, rei to his '- Frit; having thus established his out - so has thereby loves and cares whie room es ith his teacher lay (13 de his ' ale ly .,!. t ly . tight -fitting fru:elan arilititry coat and .e 1 ' 1 h', ca e( 1 I.:5 :71 ) I. UM , 111 a W Oil a Vt-ry 0040- i • ,' shop'? Yet, while the father and th tiful, flowing Freirch dressing -gown of n,iother 'who toeethet are the head O ; b- . ....it '.1, 1 -7'1 lie .. - the, faThily, have thus f!ertain. specsia . e tc ea, coyated wiste sash eud tcigs, and wittl‘-. , , duties growing out 01 that relation, they his hail. dreased in ill the most fashion._ ; are also membels,of the etate. And ahle style of the Freed; "court, serrend- I. remai k, it 1S not the filmily th:it is .the er himself to the indulgence of his own ' a. 'ember of the state, but the adult, luxurious taates foe sureptuens att,i'1,0 1 MK11.1)0I'S of the family. If the fiction • as well as 1.01, nI310-dif3068 , 00nds. m .:: i dies the mother sueceeds to the 1.12roper was thus, one da.v, t__:. ,,__ height of 168 ! ,ty, to the responsibilities, oftlyery kind enjoymeet, ta, n' -e "": (.1.:Inee.t.: sale music ; eji( s . ki yi i, 4; wi gf. . i the st.tte taxes her, and tries her, and .1e000n;• \V11011 • Lieu tenant Katte Came i • lei o jai r o tl „ e, Do •s, up Serrano WZIS sent • in elese custody to • the castle of Alicante' ' The Duc lind ' Duce se de Montpeneier were notified to leave the k lm e gdowi thin .twenty- four hod's. General Deice was ban- ished ty.Teneriffe. 01eztga 'retired to Paris. General Prim iled to Belginm, Espartero escaped the fate of his coin., i i panions only by living t'lio. abosolere retirement. In less iflan two vers nearly every Stetnish general or states- man ofnote, whateve" reale who WaA 1 not already comniittel to the support exiisee. a of Genzales Bravo was in prieon or in Spin was reduced -to the mere est d eepo las m . Gaels:ill ee Brava WWI. the desoott—From "The Spanish Re- volu tio;;14, ' by LY.ITAN .ABBOTT7 in Har- pers liagaze f.)r January. A PLUCKY GIR.L.—A Pitsburgh dandy, after persistently following a lwantiful voting lady for some time, much to her annoyance, stepped up rtnd asked permissiot TO a:ceompany lier home. She granted it, an'1. hie request _e- tc) enter, when they had arrived. then locke(j. the door and cidled to her mother that there was a ma)A. -W.110 _had insulted her. Het mother did DOI,: hear, but the ietruder did, and hastily pro- ceeded to vacate the premises, but the diansel tinned bereelf' with a broom, and hit him afveral blows On the head with the handle before he arrived -at h the back door and road° exit into he gar( en. Hre aw i:ened the e" slumbering housc -hog, and did not f scale the fence without leav:ng his hat and coattail behina, He l)mb:illy won't do so any more.-\"-- • -Nss. EistorIoal EY J0S1W BILLINGS, JR, After wrltilig Several ly4oi s to move. 7 the central -v., I think I may imw utuiQst ot I OD occasion. Now if she be comeetent ins an re oom ly essert that gunpowder WitS unknown: 0 , to owu property, and if it, he right to • tax her, can it be very. wrong that she the king was at the door. and ever suspieions monarch had stolen ! The wilY I should have a voite in the law tha ta x es her'? the march upou them, He Was ahout I, to make hie, son a very ue welcome sun.' Dear -Madsme the tr omen 1- that the t . i corninor consent of the civilized we'd( A 1varismitl; bursting into the t00113 CODId !lifted you from „your position in the scarcely have created a greater panic.lareek• household, you hegia) the jour 'Coate and Auantz seized the flutes anct i lie'Y upon winds YOU have ever since mus -books and rushed into a eled, mid WhiCh Win wo .4.. I constantly trav closet, Nt'fiere they stood quakine i 6 wri‘ j end in a per•fect equality of opportuni- ; '; ty with men. Perhaps you will not be ten or. Fri it threw nor a Senator, !e(1)twnd'obsy'nill'asite dtlo) en GliiiiisAlle,i("ifilai‘ttlii:tell.):Striciciloo-r4ettsCs:allibigc(1-3i,1 11.:::Inci°2°I,e11')'rteollsoleatuatl:*ta71,16a)r(o'brah;.)itt'asa )i171 111);;;Iiiiel b deeply engaged with li- s books. The king, flow:Aug like a thunder -cloud— : nor to:sine in publics, not to act ID. pith - But si ppose that Jenny Lind, Or fOr he alwaye 11.0 wued when he dr.,e,w , lie. Iljar FlitZ- burst, into the romn. , lee Mrs. MOulton wet -0 101.'bitidell to sing sight of the flizzlett hair et the so4 in public becatese they Were women ; " aindled the patereal weed) into a tor- suppose that Madam De Sta.el, and nado-pitch." The liing had a wonder- Mrs' 8°11)`'rville' and Mrs. Stowe had flu command of his vocabulary of abuse, and -byes heaping, epithett oi vitupera- tion upou the head ol. the prince when he caught sight of the dressing -gown behiud a sc reen. He seized the g I itter- iug gal ineut, and, it's increasiug out- bursts'of rt.ge, crammed it into tae fire. Then seatchieg the 1 oam, he collected all the French books, of which Fritz had quite a library, and sending f.r a book -seller ne'ar by, ordered hirn to take every volume away, anu sell them for -e hat they would bring. For more than an hour the king was thus raging like a maniac, in the apartment of his son, Fortunately he did not look- into the woou closet Had he done so both Quauti alICI liatte av-ould have been ter- ribly beaten, even liad they escaped. be- ing sent in:mediately to the scafioldh,— From "Frederick the Great," in _Har - per's _Magazine for January. . to ' th.S111'IV, with the a mereneeman s tha• t Art WaS unknown to the Greeka. t A.pollet inoc'e portrait solihe sense - body that, he wise obliged to quit, the eity. 1 The celebrated poet Tnsee obtained. his rept ctsttion oy priemS. mention. - this as an example of applicatiore Vsi hat milk- is to tire moderuf% it as, though perletps m a less deeree, to the isecieets. Cows were found in been silenced because they were mot -men ; suppose that MTS. 8;ddODS anrl Rechel had been fro-wirea down as went - en, would any thing have been gained Dear Madame, in this conutry five sixths ot es come of A nglo-Saxon stock, as it is called and the thine that we will at last :surely have is fair play. -- EDITOR'S EASY CHAIR, in Harper's Ma- gazine for January. Gonzales Bravo. Itely as early as 6 a. in. "Aleo 111. Carthage, introduted by Ha )1i1r:tr. The h-,:reths were a _Martial natiote Marsial himeelf, however wes Ro- man. Modern surnames are in roost in- • stantes derived tram Greek original. Jones is evidently one. I can't think of any More instances. The uhcle of the present Emperer of he French was not the first 'Naraileon. Theie were a. lot of them beflire bine Thiuk over this if it has never occurred :toaivoon u before; and don't let it occur ugTh. Caps wel-e invented early in English history. They were first worn by fools. The greatest men are invariably the most simple-minded. It is difficult to mention any one single ease in point. EARL' GEN] 1; s.—Xenophon wrote his fa -mous "Eneyclopoedia Britannica" at six ;Years old. Hum holdt irsistea upon remaining in the cradle- until he had finiebed his "Kosmos," a- work Cf much labor and "- extensive reseerch. e ge.ntleman who invented printing gave proofs of his fame greatness in the nursery ; these proofs he subse- • queutly corrected for the press. What great events sprieg from small causes ! it was awun wearied Plicenie than who first discovered fire by 1-ub- bing two dieeovery has proved invaluable to rnclny s : Charlemagne;e people of tick for r fortnight. introducedtieswere che of ess .Pawn The invention of going to bed i.theiri You're tired has been attributed to the. ihiiesvteodria enrrJeolsNe!opil:suisy. . .But,as is w be- • noAwnpit'oothe posioafuctilleens.above, sleep was The allomans aea people were very, fond of spectacles. Their Emperors used to give tnem as many all possi-ble.; This has beenconsid„ered a short-sightel poiicy. ciePhs.cre Pia -ns wieeie•enot, unknown to the an uts sat up all night with a wet towel round his head making mei and then he couldn't no it. This was at Christmas time. Themistocles was betrayed by his friendsand persecuted by his enemies. So. id together, he hadn't a vcry ant time of it. His advent ipto political circles in 1833 was sigedlized by a he so auda- cious that DO one credited it, yet so supported. that DO one dared resist it. The presinent of the Brat council of Queen Isabella was Olozaga, then the 'foremost mare still per haps t he 'foremost Wall, in. Spanish politics. His first act was a ptoclamatien dissolviug the Cortes, and ordering a new election. It was almost instently followed by a THE WIFE OF JOHN CARYER.—Be- royal proclamation is yoking it, and dis- forethe pilgrims landed up'on the famous missiug the mieiSter in whose Dame it I'Oelc, Dow become the Mecca of the had been iestied. The Cortes and the new world, Master john Carver was .for- country waites impatiently for an ex- mally Governor of the colony planatiou of this singular, phenomenori. about to be foundsdt and accepted the Gonzales Bravo, the successor of Oloza- office in the pt•imitiae spirit which ord. gain the ininistry, appem•ed on theap- aiped that he who 1,i'ould rule should pointed day' to wake it. He presented also serve, and timid -the chief amoug a to the adonished nation the first official people should ee hewho labored most document ever signed by the young anxiously and untiringly fer its good. Queen of "Bruhn It consisted of a No ,inan, accordipgly, wrought more charee against her late prime -minister laborioth,ly than the new -made Govern- thattby personal violence he had extort or at the arduous ta,sks of unloading ed the degree of dissolution at her the ship, passengers and their ffects, hands, The character of Olozaga was felling trt'es, hewing timber, and build- above impeachment. No one credited ing -first the common -house, to serve as the falsehood. 13ut the axion, "The a temporary tei :those. who first landed, queen cani_do no wrong," vas too deep - and then smaller cabins. for the acco- ly root el in the Spanish mind to be modation. of separate families. When impugned. The port -folio. of %nage these fa milieS were small, it was ad- Tcassed into the hands of Gonzales judged filet they should receive the ad- Brave. . ditiou of two or three of the single men. Such is -the man who, in April, 1867 of 'whom there NA ere. quite a 'lumber, at the death of Narvaez, succeeded, for and in this manner the hundred aria the third time, to the prime ministry one persons comprising the colony were c. the most restless and uneasy king -- divided into niueteen households. The ribm in Europe. .For thirty years he Governor, partly out of deference to Had been &wilier with the intrigues of his position, aartly because his fami4 be court. Pe ptepared to grapple humbered.eignt.• viz. : himself, nis wife, with them. Uncle' his administration Desire Minter, and another maid-serv- and that of -his predecessor, whose ant, John Howland, Boger Wilder, it spirit he imbibed. absolution ran mad. servant lad nanitel William, and a 1it-1 The Cortes were treated as a. tle adopted boy .called Jasper More, Tbe president and vice-preudent were was allowed to eccopy Wet cabin aloe; arreswi aild imprisoned. Marshal POOR COPY T_TOUSE AND LOT FOR it SALE The House and Lot occupied bye Mrs, Dunn, _North Main Street, Beattie and Stark's Survey. For Sale Cheap, Amy ak the "Expositor" Office. Enteral. Jemmy, 7th. 1870. 108. 1,•