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Zurich Herald, 1950-11-30, Page 7"Clinically Dead" 'Y'et Now Alive Stirring 71(11'3; calne over the wires recently whell a woulau ill childbirth returned to life after five. to eight minates of apparent death, There was no pulse, No blood prey- sure, no breathing " C'lillicalty (lead" was the verdict of file doctors in attendance. Slav~ Flud her six. - and -a -half -hound baby girl were doing titrell when last heard of. Just before. this; Gast: v,as report- ed by the press, Dr, Mlilliatn I. W0112 went o1 el• the tvlhole ground of resuscitation in the Journal of the American Medical Association. lie described the rase of a 45 -year- old roan '11•11n had entered a hospi- tal, a victim of advanced tubercu- losis of the right lung, and who had undergone an artificial plheuulon- thorax, nnc-aping that his lung had been collapsed and immobilized by the injection of Nitrogen gas, He had also received streptomycin. In the course of another operation lie died: no pulse, no heart sounds. The abdomen was opened. No blood flowed, Dr. Wolff massaged the heart by squeezing it rhythmic- ally. In fifteen seconds there were contractions; in another fifteen seconds the heart began to beat rapidly and regularly. Dr, Wolff estimates that six minutes elapsed between the time when the heart stopped and started again. Three months later another operatic:! was performed. A year later the man was discharged. Sudden stopping of the heart for no apparent reason occurs often enough in surgical operations. At- tempts to resuscitate the heart by squeezing or massaging it rhyth- mically have been made for at least seventy-five years. 'There is a case in medical literature in which the - heart was kept beating for nearly two hours merely by thumping the chest. The procedure proved to be futile. The chest could not be thumped indefinitely, and so the patient died. If the heart stops during an abdominal operation the surgeon sometimes starts it again by pressing on the diaphram or by pressing the chest rhythmically. Oxygen for the Brain To bring the dead back to life in this way the surgeon must act promptly, even going so far as to open the chest in order"to massage the heart and thus start it beating again as if it were a pendulum clock. The surgeon has only a few minutes in which to do his work. If he waits too long he may bring his "(lead" mail back to life, but the mind would be that of an idiot. The brain needs oxygen, and the only way that oxygen can be sup - ;plied is through the arteries. If the Heart stops, arterial blood ceases to flow. The brain requires seven times as much oxygen as any othey part of the body*. Deprived of oxy- gen, it dies seven times as rapidly as any other part of the body. How long can the brain be de- prived of oxygen? Experiments per- formed on animals have led to conflicting conclusions. Sometimes revived dogs showed that their minds were affected after the brain had been cut off from oxygen for only forty-five seconds; yet after a quarter of an hour of "death" some clogs have been brought bac14 with complete recovery of all their faculties. A surgeon may work over a dead man for more than an hour before the heart begins to .beat again of its own accord. Usually he sees to it that the lungs are supplied with oxygen. Heart -Lung Cooperation The case of the woman who came to life in Washington and of the man whose heart was massaged are remarkable because about six hnin- utes elapsed before the heart started to beat again, The Heart by itself could not have started up again without the cooperation of the lungs. Heart and lungs work together. Dr, Wolff believes that in tine man's case artificial ventila- tion of the lung explains what hap- pened. L: Some of us old-timers can re- member 1lhelt alfalfa was nothing much more tlhau a vaudeville joke. "The hayseed with alfalfa oil his chin" and so on. We can also re- call when soy lwans sounded for- eight and exotic, You went to China- town and ate something or other `'with soy healr sauce!" But now alfalfa is an integral ,part of farm economy in many sec- tions of the Dorhinion, and every year more. and more farmers are experimenting with growing soy beans. And it is hard to realize that less than Half a century- ago soy beans were—as far as this con- tinent goes --Nothing but an Ori- ental novelty. Back around 1905 or thereabouts, a few agricultural stations were studying the soy bean, and a hand- ful of adventurous farmers were experimenting with its growing. Andnow—well, just look at the darned stuff! Over in the States soy beans are topped only by wheat and corn in value and quantity handled by the grain trade. As Dorothy Kahn Jaffe states in a Christian Science Monitor article, "so many uses have been found for it you never knoly- when you are eating or handling something containing soy beans." Never before has there been a soy bean harvest as big as this in the United States. Across an estimated 13,000,000 acres the combines kept rolling. When the job was done, some 281,- legume 81;legume had been harvested. Before Mlorld War I it was planted ori less than a half million acres in the I .S.A. and was used only for forage and hay. Today's $600,000,000 soy bean. processing in- dustry was not thought of. A few processors were experimenting in soy bean oil extraction, but if anyone had°told them that 30 years later the nety industry would supply more than half the oil used in vegetable shortenings, more than 40 per cent of that used in margarine, and that it would furnish about 20 per cent of the protein supplenfents mixed into feeds, it would have seemed a wild dream. The story of the soy bean's rise to faire and fortune is one of co- operative effort all down the line. It begins in the early 19th Cen- tury with efforts of a few indivi- duals to import seed from China and Japan. There it was an ancient crop, possibly the first one grown by man. It was mentioned in the writings of the Emperor Shen-Nung of China some 4,800 years ago. Its value in the diet of animals and human beings was widely recog- nized. Europeans had tried to grow it, but the latitudes of north Euro- pean countries, higher than those of China and Japan, made it difficult to adapt. The soya's growth and maturity depends not only on climate but on length of days, hence special vari- eties must be developed for differ- euts degrees of latitude. American climate and latitude were close enough to that of Man- churia to make it possible to use seed from that country for a start. Travelers to the Orient brought back samples and farmers grew them successfully. A. E. Staley, founder of the big processing coin- pany which bears his !tame, recalled his father returning from a Metho- dist conference in North Carolina with seeds given him by a inission- ary. Mr. Staley, then a small boy, planted them and they thrived. From that time on his father raised soy Mean hay oil his farm. lIAJRIO.C3 , eARNETT `,. It was the agt'oiiomists, of the Department of Agriculture and the experiment stations, however, who t:•ere chiefly responsible for bring- ing over the inf niVant. Always ori the luokout for neer, useful crops, they begall seriously working on say bean importation,. in the 1890's. Ploncer:> in this field %vere W. P. L'rooks of the Massachusetts Ex- periment Station and C. C. George - son of Kansas, both returning from the Orient tvitlh seed and beginning e.xperitlients with it. Over a period of years Depart- ment of Agriculture agronomists brought in more than 2,500 distinct varieties from China, Manchuria, Japan, Korea, the Last Indies, and Inflia. Each had different maturity Periods, size, shape; color, composi- tion, and other growing character- istics. Here was something to work on. IV. J, horse in the department devoted himself with such single- ness of purpose to the soy bean that he won for himself the title "Daddy of the Soy bean in Amer- ica," Good varieties suitable to Ameri- can conditions were produced through crossing importations. Vari- eties have been developed to meet climate and latitude conditions of the far South and the far North and all the regions in between. A made -.to -measure bears for each zone was produced that matures early, resists insects and disease; stands up against wind and rain so it can be mechanically harvested, resists shattering, or the tendency of pods to burst open ill the field, has high oil content, and other virtues, all combining to produce high yield. Thanks to research work and the experimentation, the state average production in Illinois, for example, rose in 25 years from 11.6 busligls an acre to 20.9. But the experts were not satis- fied. The search for a better soy bean goes our, In 1936, the Depart- ment of Agriculture established the Regional Soy Bean Laboratory at the University of Illinois. It co- ordinates tate work of 26 state ex- periment stations winch are worIc- ing on soy beans. Its object is to develop improved soy beans for in- dustry and to uncover natural laws which, when understood, make pos- sible more rapid breeding of vari- eties. Success of this work is indicated in the eagerness of farmers to adopt the new varieties produced. A few years ago,, for example, there was a rush in Illinois to adopt the Lin- coln variety. Previously Illini was the favorite soy bean. It bad been developed by the Illinois Experi- ment Station, and farmers went over to it in such numbers that finally 85 per cent of their acreage was planted to it. Then :Lincoln was re- leased in 1944. The experts told the farmers that careful tests proved it had 1 per cent more oil content than Illini and that its yield was three bushels an acre greater. Farmers believed the report and switched. Two years later, Illini was virtu - 16 Thrill Of A Lifetime—Little Kathleen Howell, 5 -year-old pOliq victimina hospital sang her dreams Colne true when she looked up from her bed and found radio's Charlie McCarthy, with Edgar Bergen, had collie to see lier—in person. Kathleen's another — who recently contracted polio herself — credited "Charlie's" letters to her daughter with "lulling her through" when the child was near death. ally obsolete and 85 per cent of the soy bean acreage in the state was planted to Lincoln. Still the experts aren't content. Quest for a better bean continues on an expanding scale. J. L. Cart - ter, director of the United States Regional Soy Bean Laboratory, points out that it takes 10 years from the time a cross is made until a new variety is ready for distri- bution. At the same time, studies are be- ing made of extraction methods and industrial uses of the soy bean to assure -a. continuing market. ditstry. Two recent studies at the north- ern regional laboratory concern the problem of stabilizing the flavor of soy bean oil so it does not revert to a "beany" taste, and making a type of soy bean flour acceptable to the baking industry. At the present time, however, the big -.demand is for use in food and feed. It is estimated that 85 per cent of the sov oil processed goes into food products, and only a small 15 per cent into paints, plastics, and all the other indus- trial uses, and that 90 per cent of themeal is used in mixed feeds. After all, the industrial use of the soy bean is still in its infancy. The sturdy little immigrant hasn't been Americanized for more than a few decades. The question is not what it has already accomplished—which is important enough—but where sloes it go from here? . HE OBLIGED Rudyard Kipling was one of the best -paid writers of his time. Ac- cording to the best calculations, he received on average six shillings a word. One day he received from a Prankster the following letter;— "Dear Sir: I enclose six shill- ings. Please send ane a word." Kipling responded: "Thanks." 1VIOSCD'W SQUEEZES TITO FROM ALL SLIDES By Leon Dennen Belgrade—Russia, well aware of Yugoslavia's worsening economic plight, is putting on the heat both internally and externally in the hope of forcing the early collapse of Tito's rebellious regime. ' The belief among western obser- vers here is that only Moscow - inspired Cominform Communists would be ready and able to move into -the vacuum which would be created by Tito's fall, External pressures are building up on Yugoslavia's borders. It .is reported the Russians have at least 10 well-equipped divisions in the Danubian area, And within recent weeks. tl>ey have been quietly strengthening the armies of the Red statellite countries wliich en- compass Yugoslavia. Led by Soviet officers, these forces are said to be well fitted out with tanks, guns and other modern heavy arms supplied by Russia, For the present, Yugoslavia's army of 500;000 men is still rated superior to the combined forces of satellite Hungary, Rumania, Bttlgaria and Albania. But Tito's men lack modern and heavy wea- pons; they're equipped mostly for guerrilla and mountain fighting. By next spring, it is felt they'll be inferior to the combined satellites. Moscow is, of coarse, alert to the likelihood that an armed attack on Yugoslavia would embroil Russla in another world war. Experts here thing( she isn't ready for that yet. But they fear the changed balance of military strength foreseen for next spring may encourage the Kremlin to act then or soots after- ward. Meanwhile, the Soviet Union is striving feverishly to overturn Tito internally, The Cominform has stepped up its campaign of terror and its war of nerves against the Red rebels. This has been especially true since the North Korean reverses at the hands of United Nations forces, Observers in Belgrade feel Russia is concerned above all with regain- ing prestige behind the Iron Cur- tain. Communist defeats in Korea apparently* caused widespread re- joicing among satellite countries. There has even been evidence of some restlessness there. Tito, the living, proof that a Communist state can exist without subservience to Russia, therefore remains target No. 1 for Stalin. Recently the Cotninform's offi- cial journal forecast that "the day is not far off" when pro -Moscow un- derground forces will revolt against the Tito government, In daily broadcasts, Hungary, Rumania and Bulgaria call for "death to the :fascist, Tito," Artificially provoked and care. fully executed border incidents and aruled skirmishes have transformed Yugoslavia's frontiers into an explo- sive no-man's-land, Spies and saboteurs specially trained lin Conilnform schools are streaming across, the borders, The Yugoslav police capture many, but a lot manage to filter in to carry out acts of sabotage and destruc- tion. For a long time Tito refused to acknowledge publicly that he and his ex�rnasters in the Kremlin were no longer friends. But its his speech at Zagreb he openly admitted for the. fitot tithe that his people are November's Blanket November's lashing rain and gusty wind bring down the colour from the treetops. The wooded hills overnight lose their banners, and the maples, the buttonwoods and all the birches stand leafless against the sky, as though never again would such a spectacle occur. The remnants are there under- foot, a rustling blanket that is al- most as wintery as the barren hills. Yet it is more than a blanket. So well ordered are the seasons that this blanket not only protects the roots and bulbs there in the wood- lands but at a proper time it will feed their reaching shoots. Rain will leach away the crispness, and snow will press it close to the self -renew- ing earth. Thus are the woodlands renewed and enriched; thus are the lesser acids of decay provided to hasten and continue the life pro- cesses of tree- and vine and bush and shrub, The leaves are not discarded any more than the crisp grass stems in the meadow. Their primary func- tion was to trap sunlight and manu- facture food for the parent plant. That function completed, at a pro- per time they underwent physical change which gave them vivid color. And after that they returned to the earth itself this winter blan- ket of protection and nourishment for another spring. There they lie, brought down by wind and rain, and there they will be absorbed by the soil. And from them, when the time comes, will spring colour again, the colour of violets and cranesbill and anemone, and the stately green of new -leafed trees, the green that will turn gold and crimson in another October and will come showering down in another November rain. For the cycle has no ending.—The New York Times. Their Hair Turned Colv'xr Overnight There are more misconceptions oil the matter of flair than oil any other human characteristic. One of these myths is that cutting; the flair will make it grow faster. But tests made at the Mellon Institute in America have proved the long -held belief of specialists that cutting, shaving and singeing have nr, effect oil hair growth. Hair does not grow from the ends, but frons the roots centred in the corium or body of the skin. And as each strand "dies," after a life of from six months to four years, it is replaced by a nciv one which will not reach the surface for about two months. This natural shedding of the flair affects most people. Blondes in the Lead Each hair sprouts quickly just after emerging f-otu tile. scalp, but after that the rate of growth slows down, Another false belief is that strong sunlight will produce extra hair. The hair on the scalp and legs of twelve girl students ~fere once examined in the springs and again in the late summer, after the girls had produced a golden tan on sun- baked sands. The microscope showed no change in the condition or texture of the hair. The wearing of hats is not a cause of baldness. Some experts, in fact, maintain the view that going bare- headed all the time is liable to make the hair so brittle and dry that it breaks off. Blondes average about 150,000 hairs on their pretty ,heads; brun- ettes about 100,000, while 90,000 is usual for redheads. Each square inch of scalp thus contains about 1,000 hairs. The variation in individual color is due to the presence in the cells of the shaft of a pigment called melanin (the stuff that gives that sun -tan). If there is a plentiful supply of melanin the result is jet black Bair. When the quantity is smaller, the color graduates frons brown to blonde. But hair colour changes through time, a result of the -inability of the ageing body to keep on producing melanin. ' And that is one deficiency that ,all the powers of science ]rave so far been unable to -correct. Instances have been recorded of hair changing colour almost over- night. This phenomenon was once believed to be impossible, but re- cent cases have been well docu- mented. One young boy, several days af- ter a violent display of temper, awakened to find that his hair had turned from red. to blond -yellow. Two days afterlvards,itreturned to its natural colour. John Lee, sentenced to death for the Babbacombe murder, walked to the gallows three times and three tunes the trapdoor failed to yield. When Lee returned from the third trip his hair had gone white. A young man, locked in a boiler by playful workmates who threat- ened to raise steam, emerged after fifteen minutes with white hair. One explanation is that the hair in such cases is filled with tiny, air btrh'bles, which may produce a permanent or temporary colour change. "Politicians keep their promises; they file them away for -future re- ference." —Anon. Superior Now, But For How Lon;? Tito's army of 500,000 is rated now as better than the combined foes along Yugo- slavia's borders. But equipment, like the rifles -these soldiers are cleaning, is mostly for guerrilla and mountain Nvarfare. actually cingaged right now in a "small war" with Russia's satellites, He spoke of the "train of human casualitics" brought by the continu- ous series of border provocations. Determined now to seek food and favour in 'lie ~'Fest, Tito has at last begun to relax somewhat his Troll grip all his ower people, His is still a ruthless dictatorship, a totalitarian police state, but as one Yugoslav writer put it to me, 'St is a dictatorship with a guilty cotl- science," There have been fewex night arrests lately, and the secret Police terror leas lessened <: bit.