Zurich Herald, 1950-06-08, Page 3Valuable Products
From Fish Waste
Of the fourteen million tats of
fish taken yearly front the sea, less
than fifty per cent is used as food.
Froin salvaged wvaste and from
fish- not fit for human cousatnptiort,
many valuable produeu, are ob.-
tallied.
Every year large quantities of
phoEphoru, and potash are washed
from the land into the r!v0•rs and
sea. Fortunately mucic of it is
recovered from the fish. The fish
waste which contains these minerals
is turned into fertilizers. These are
usually free from unpleasant odour
and rot quickly, stimulating hac-
terial action. Also, they yield up
plant foods during; the whole of the
season.
An increasing quantity of fslc
waste is being turned into meal to
feed live -stock. This ineal is made
after the fish oil has been extracted
by heat and pressure. It contains
approximately fifty per cent protein
plus a minute quantity of mineral
salts.
Most fish, especially herrings, are
rich in oil. The importance of this
oil has increased considerably since
itnporved methods have been de-
vised to remove the fishy taste and
smell. A fete of the products in
which it is used are paints, var-
nishes, soap and margarine. Print-
ing ink and lubricant manufacturers
also use it.
A valuable medicinal oil which
contains vitamins A and D is ob-
tained from the livers of cod and
halibut. This was a mystery to
scientists for some time, because
the ultra -violet rays of the sun
which produces these vitamins
could not reach deep-sea fish.
But it was discovered that the
capelin (small fish) on -.which the
cod and halibut feed contains these
vitamins. The capelin gets its vita-
mins from the microscopic animal
and vegetable 'life which lives on
the surface of the ocean, and is
constantly exposed to the sun's
rays.
The method of extracting oil
from the livers is by steam heat,
which ruptures the cells. For the
best results this must be done while
the livers are still fresh; oil ob-
tained from stale livers is of indus-
trial use only.
When Norway was invaded fish-
ing became restricted, and Allied
stocks of oil were seriously reduced.
It became necessary to find an al-
ternative source of supply.
This was discovered in sharks'
livers, which previously had been
used only as fertilizers, Up to one-
tenth of a shark's weight may be
liver, and the quality of the ex-
tracted oil is many times richer
than cod.
A San Francisco wholesale fish
dealer was responsible for this new
discovery, which resulted in a fan-
tastic increase in the price of these
livers. It soared from $S to $1200
a ton. The shark, which had hither-
to been considered nothing but a
nuisance by fishermen, became the
most popular prey.
Apart from oil, there are various
by-products extracted from sharks,
including leather, prepared from,
their skins, and walking sticl<s, made
from their backbones.
Fish -glue is another valuable pro-
duct. It is obtained from fist; heads,
offal and bones, and ~ways have
been discovered to mask the odour
and destroy the bacterial content.
JUDGMENT RESERVED
Marty distinguished Churchmen
have been famous for dry wit. This
story of Archbishop Frederick
Temple, is a good example.
A woman told him how her aunt
raissed a boat on which site had
booked a passage, The boat sant:,
,-,lid most of those on board were
drowned, "\vasn't it providential,"
she finished, "that my aunt missed
the boat?" The Archbishop replied:
"I don't know your aunt.".
U
Car's are ,not millers by themselves
you call really trust an automobile these days. Mechanically, they are a pretty safe
proposition. But you can't always trust the man or woman at the wheel.
Most of the traffic accidents this vacation season by a tremendous margin
will be due to HUMAN FAILURE ... not to anything going wrong with the car
itself. Drivers will fall asleep. They will pass on hills and curves. They will take
their eyes off the road for just a little instant. They will do other foolish things,
forgetting that the impact of a collision at GO miles per hour is precisely the. same
as driving a car off the roof of a fourteen story building.
We feel it will be helpful and in the public interest as the summer driving season
begins to list a few time tested reminders, which, if followed, may save a good many
lives this year — perhaps your own.
1. Don't drive when tired or sleepy. Pull off the road and take a nap.
2. Reduce speed after dark. Reduce speed drastically in fog, storm or wet weather.
d
3. Turn on lights at sunset. Dusk is a dangerous time to rive without lights. Dim your
lights when approaching oncoming traffic. Keep all lamps, windshield and rear window
,clean.
4. Check tire pressure frequently on long drives, especially in hot weather.
5. Never take a chance.
fi, Don't drive after drinking. You may not feel those "two beers" but your reaction time
is dangerously slowed.
7. Always take it for granted that the driver in the "other car" is stark ;raving crazy --
and drive accordingly.
8. Caution your teen-agers to drive carefully.
9. Urge your high schools to teach a "safe ariving" course, if they are not already doing so.
SAVE LIFEw
CAI
Abraham Maybe Lived In
A 2 -Storey "Miodern" Trick House
"l,' or sale," inight read an ad-
vertisement in any modern news-
paper in the Middle East, "Desir-
able two-storey brick residence,
built around spacious courtyard.
Twelve rooms. Lavatory and ser-
vants' quarters ori the ground floor.
Owner and his family moving to
another state," writes Thomas L,
l.eishnian in The Christian Science
Monitor.
There is noticing particularly un-
usual about' this advertisement ex-
cept one thing. It describes accu-
rately the type of house which stood
its street after street of Ur, in
southern Babylonia, nearly 4,000
years ago when Abraham lived
there. Properly translated into the
Sumerian dialect, it might have
1-cen used by Abraliatcc's father
Terah, ~when he was about to move
with his fancily to IIaran, in lleso-
potantta.
For centuries upon centuries, the
very site of Ur was unknown.
Now we know more of Abraham's
home town than most of urs kDOw
of many parts of our own country.
It was a gtcat city with a popula-
tioll of at least a quarter of a
million. The excavations of Sir
Leonard Woolley have brought to
light indisputable evidence of
schools, temples. libraries — large
and prosperous homes.
One of the reasons for long delay
in identifying Ur was the tact that
the Boot: of Joshua suggests that it
lay "on the other side of the flood"
(literally "the River") when viewed
from the standpoint of Palestine.
There was no need to name "the
River," which in those days meant
the Euphrates—just as surely as in !i
American folk song "Oleg Man
River" is the Mississippi.
The ruins of Ur are now some 11
miles to the west of the Euphrates,
but aerial photographs clearly show
that at some time in the distant
past the river had changed its
course to where it now flows. In
the patriarch's clay, Ur was indeed
"Beyond the River," but so close
to it as to be almost on its banks.
Tice River was the maid highway
of the Ur known to Abraham (or
Abram, as he then was called).
Skips • plied between the city and
the Persian Gulf 100 miles distant.
These, or connecting vessels, must
have sailed the Indian Ocean, for
aniazoniie beads unearthed at Ur
could have come only from the
Nilgiri Bills in southern Iudia..Lapis
lazuli had been brought overland
from the far-off Pamir Mountains
on the borders of China and the
Soviet Ualion, just north of Afghan-
istan.
Among the discoveries at Ur was
a hill of lading dating from about
2040 B.C., not long before the time
of Abraham. It li; is the cargo of
a ship which had just completed a
two years' voyage, and which had
brought with it ivory and alabaster,
copper ore and gold.
Statues and beautifully wrought
gold and silver ornaments, also
found nearby, attest the artistic
ability of the patriarch's fellow -
townsmen. One of these, a delicate
golden representation of a rant
caught in a thicket, provides a
; trikiug reminder of the Bible pas-
sage which tells how Abraham all
but sacrificed his son Isaac, ,
MIThat first attracted explorers to
the site of what later proved to be
Lr, was a great mound in what is
ltow largely desert, due to the
river's change of course. Here and
there, even before the digging
began, ancient brick walls pro-
truded. As the digging went for-
ward, at last the outlines of a great
building began to appear, and clay
y tablets cleverly Bidders for safe-
keeping in the courses of masonry
positively identified the city. Front
then on its story gradually was
pieced together by the scholars.
This great building was the Zig-
gurat—the sanctuary of the moose
god, chief deity of Ur. If-, as tice
Bible assures las, Abraliatn's father
Terah "served other gods," it seems
clear that outstanding among them
was Namcar, the moon god of Ur,
although numerous other deities
also were worshipped there.
Tile filing of receipts, reports,
papers of all kinds, is all important
Part of the wvorl: of any efficient
business office of our own day. The
basinestmen of Ur were equally
meticulous, in spite of the fact that
their records consisted not of paper
but of bulky clay writing tablets.
Quantities of such tablets have
been recovered at Ur, faithfully set-
ting down both what had been
received and what had been with-
drawn .from the stores of goods on
hand
Startlingly modern are the rec-
ords. of a factory at Ur where
women were employed to spin wool
sled weave it into cloth. Monthly
and quarterly balance sheets were
unearthed, together with details of
costs, lists of employees, and of the
pay which each received.
Strange as it may appear, many
of these records were found in the
local temples. This would indicate
that the priests of Abraham's day
demanded tax money of the people,
and did busines on behalf of the
"gods" whom they were supposed
to represent.
Education was by no means neg-
lected at Ur. Indeed, the ruins of
a single elementary school yielded
as many as 2,000 clay tablets. Many
of these have been decipliered, and
they give us some idea of what was
studied by the children of the day.
Reading, writing, and arithmetic,
Of course, had their place. 'There is
also evidence that the older pupils
went on to wrestle with square and
cube roots and wvith geometry.
Perhaps Abraham himself was
among them!
WHEN a man's car stalled near
Plitiladelphia, a stranger helpfully
stopped and helped push. The
stranger then suggested he take the
wheel and work the starter white
the motorist pushed. When tiie
motor started the stranger made of}
with the car.
New Stamp—This design was
chosen. for Germany's nein 20 -
pfennig postage stamp in com-
petition at Frankfort, Depict-
ing a nlan raising" his aril's to
a dove of peace, it wo11 .first
prizc for Prof. Johalitics Wohl-
fart.
Back in the days when we used
to sing that ancient ditty
'1I30W'RE YOU GONNA KEEP
THEM ON THE FARM AFTER
THEY'VE SEEN FAREE" it
seemed to be a question that had
no satisfactory answer. And even.
today there are plenty of chronic
I
ead-shakers and viewers -with-
alarm
with -
alarm who—while constantly de-
ploring the tendency of country
a common feed and this tt:uds to
produce fat.
"We- have discovered that the
horse business in the stat -2 is fast
going the sante way it is in On-
tario except that it has gone farther.
'v ery fete heavy horses are now,
being kept at the University; they
are mostly riding horses and horse
riding is one of the subjects taught
i-1 physical education. In our dis-
boys and girls to flock cttywards
—end up by saying, "Guess there
isn't much anybody can do about
it,"
Well, they're wrong, Thcre are
people who are trying ft, show
young people that farming, done in
a modern manner, can be a career
that has no equals for real satis-
faction and happiness. One of these
is the S:ALADA TEA COMPAXY
that recently sponsored a Sight-
seeing trip for the four boys who
constituted the two top winning
teams in the Salada event at last
wear's International rlowwing
?matches.
Herewith I am publishing pic-
tures of the four young chaps, also
one of A. G. Skinner, tha Ontario
Agricultural Representative at Ca-
yuga, who planned the trip and
personally conducted it. And to give
you an idea of what an interesting
journey it must have been. I am
also lifting several sections from
the "play-by-play" reports the tra-
vellers sent back.
fi {_
COSHOCTON, OHIO
"From there we went to the
Hydrological Station locatednear
Coshocton. This station consists of
a farm of 1,000 acres maintained by
the Soil Conservation Service of
the U.S.D.A. and was established
for the purpose of studying water
control problems from the smallest
farm field to entire drainage basins.
"It was a privilege to meet Mr.
T_. L. Harrold, Project Supervisor,
and to have him discuss a cumber
of the projects with the boys dur-
ing the visit to the Hydrological
A. Gordon Skinner
Cayuga
Station. Air. Harrold is a scientist
who impresses one as being capable
of applying science to practical
agriculture. It was quite evident
that no information of a definite
nature will be forthcoming from
that station until it has been thor-
orighly proven to be sound and
practical.
"Methods of preparatiou of the
soil for cropping in relation to water
conservation were discussed and'
were of intense interest to these
boys wvho were experts it, their
own right as plowmen. The ques-
tion was raised as to whether plow-
ing was the proper methort to fol-
ir.w if the highest percentage of
„iter' was to be kept for crop
growing purposes. It was suggested
that perhaps our methods of plow-
ing should be revised sa that a
deeper furrow of probably ten
inches would be turned not over
but on its edge. The theory was
that this would tend to mix the
organic matter more thoroughly
with the entire depth and also pro-
vide openings or slits for th- mois-
ture to get clown and be rerained in
the soil.
"The Lysimiters proved to be
highly interesting equipment for the
Measuring of runoff, percolation and
evapo-transpiration. It lea, been
discovered that the cord -rup uses
one inch of water ill 5 clays dur-
ing the month of May and one inch
in 3 days during July."
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
''During the morning we had the
opportunity of visiting much of the
Department of Agriculture at the
Ohio State University, including
the Administration B u i 1 d 111 g
(Townshend Fall), the various
darns and class rooms, greenhouses,
Agricultural Engineering. While
i.iost of the livestock was out ori
pasture wve did see ttie 425,000:00
Angus hull of which they are very
g•,oud. It seems this bull l:as only
peen beaten once in the svow-ring;
and then by a brother or half-
brother. It would appear that a
good deal of nieat work -s being'
clone here. At least that was one
subject that was ctiiplimized as fag'
t,s we were concerned. :stuck of
that is with liogs and it wr rind ap-
pear that they are trying to get a
hog with less fat and tiiore of the
higher priced cuts. We, in Ontario
achieved that years ago, 110.wever,
I',tey are of tice opitiiott that much
r,f the trouble is with site feed
they arc usillt . (torn is naturally
Earl Bacher Robert Nixon
Cayuga Hagersville
eussion with :(air. Blubaugh on
Monday we learned that there were
not more than about thrze teams
of horses in his country and in some
of the surrounding countries there
:e er no horses at all."
%: =1: r
KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE
"During the afternoon we were
taken out to see one of the Test
Demonstration Farms. This is one
of many such farms that have been
selected to act as demons±rations
cf what can be accomplished
through the following of approved
farm practices. It would appear that
the secret of the luscious pasture
that we saw both on the University
farm and out at the Demonstration
farm was the heavy fertilization
treatment that it was given. Some
of the fields had received a: much
as the equivalent of 270 lbs. of
P'205 or in the neighborhod of 500
lbs. of 4717o P205. Other fertilizers
evidently had also been applied at
similarly heavy rates. It w, as also
quite apparent that it was paying
dividends to make such heavy ap-
plications. In the case of the co-
operator at the demonstration farm
the yield of corn had been increased
from around 16 bushels per acre
to 100 bushels per acre through in-
creased fertilization and the ap-
plication of sound farm practices
ouch as the maintenance of a High
organic matter level and conserva-
tion of soil moisture. Incidentally
this demonstration farm of just
99 acres is maintaining a herd of 19
:Hereford cows and 13 calves and
last year the co-operator had some
hay to sell and his only feed pur-
chase was 100 bushels of corn.
Formerly this was a truck garden-
ing farm and much of the soil
was being washed away. Under the
new system the gullies are being
tilled up, the earth is staying where
it belongs, the farmer is having; to
work a lot less, and his farm is in
a much greater and better state of
fertility. In 1949 his cash balance
at the end of the year was greater
;han his whole income when lie was
in the truck gardening game. He
has bought the farm, paid for it and
also has paid for his livestock and
equipment. The equipment includes
a combine and a pick-up baler. He
is also maintaining a fair .tandard
of living. Only 501'o of his land has
been plowed this year. The entire
balance is in hay, pasture, and over -
winter crops such as wlicat and
burley.
"Much of what we sav; today
Eugene Timbers Norman Watson
'Mill,kcn Woodbridge
might not be applicable to Ontario
conditions but the irnportance of
good pasture of highly cintritious
grasses and clovers is certainly he-
inp emphasized in our minds. One
other thing that has been heavily
underscored during our whole trip
-;:o far has been the importance of
keeping as much of our land as
possible under soca and to maintain
our soil in sueh a high state of fer-
tility iliat fe«cr an fear acres
are. required, to prothice thy. grailis
that we need to maintain our live.
stock.
t reargl,: tllitt M=ace liII14; fin; cull
11of peril.,H 1110' ill quills* it
length from tlic�v intete cillg re.
ports. Ilowvever, • f think t'aery is
cnotigli here to prove that the tiala-
da *1'ca follis should be ongratu.
fated for tlwir efforts to provid6t
a satisiaclor�, answer to that. old
'iuestion ] IONVIO" Y017 i;ON,
N' %._.tele•,