HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1947-09-11, Page 6DA i..IiERS Ilfi'''EL
REP RT TO s AR OL DERS
The twentieth fiscal year of Canada Packers Limited dosed March 27th, 1947.
The following are the key figures, setting forth volume
comparative figures of the previous year: --
Year Ending
March 1947
*Sales .., . ........ $204,068,650
Tonnage.... .... .................. 1,373,000,000 lbs.
Profit after all charges except Income and
E.P. Tax ...........
Income and E.P. Tax
$3,758,852
1,699;208
NetProfit......................................................................... $2,059,644•
Note:
1. Tonnage, -weight of product sold, -was down ....
2. Dollar Sales were down only
(reflecting an advance in average price of products sold of approxi-
mately 8%.)
3. While Profit before Federal Tax was down approximately . .. $860.000;
nevertheless; -bccause of the reduction in Income and E.P. rates
(applied to the lower Gross Profit) -Net Profit was up'approxi•
rnately ......._ _,.. $200,000
The following is a comparison of the main items of the Profit and Loss Statement
with the corresponding figures of the previous three years. For clarity in comparing
years, each item is also expressed as a percentage of dollar sales.
Out of each Saks Dollar there was paid: -
and profit, with the
Year Ending
March 1946
$208,997,520
1,526,000,000 lbs,
$4,620,712
2,803,931
$1,816,781
10%
2.4%
For Raw Materials
For Wages plus Salaries ... .. - ...-._.....
For Svrlices (General Expense) ......,.....
For Materials and Packages .
For Taxes (Municipal, Provincial,
Federal) ...................,........._........__......
For Wartime Inventory Reserve
For Depreciation on Fixed Assets .., ....
Rernainder,-Profit from Operations..
Income from Investments, etc....
Total Net Profit for the year, on each
dollar of Sales ._
1944 1945 1996 1947
83.60c 82.35c 81.33c 80,21c
6.77 7.35 8,06 9.10
3.46 3.83 4.13 4.25
3.08 3.32 3.76 4.06
1.59 1.70 1.48 .98
.24 .25 - -
.45 Al .40 .43
99.19c 99.21c 99.16c 99.03c
.81 .79 .84 .97
.01 .01 . .03 .04
.82e .80c .87c 1,01c
The products handled by the Company fall into four groups, -viz: -
Live Stock Products, comprising all products derived from
live anirmals:-
Meats,-Beef, Veal, Pork products, Lamb and Mutton;
By -products, -Hides, Skins, Tallow, Bones, Tankage, etc.
Tonnage of this group ........................ _...................... ._..._......
Other Farm Products, comprising, -
Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Poultry, Frosted Foods, Fruit,
Vegetables, etc.
Tonnage ......... _..... -.
Non -Farm Products, comprising, -
Edible Oils, Shortening, Soap, Fish, Fertilizers, Stock
Foods, etc.
Tonnage ................._ .......
*),Manufacturing, comprising, -
Canned Meats (sold chiefly to UNRRA) and Canned Fruits
and Vegetables.
Tonnage ..
460,00Q000 lbs.
207,000,000 lbs.
576,000,000 lbs.
130,000,000 lbs.
1,373,000,000 lbs.
The outstanding feature of the year's result was the extremely small profit derived
from the first two groups, -viz. Live Stock Products, and Other Farm Products.
Total weight of products in these groups was 667„OOQ,000 lbs.
Net profit for the two groups was ... ...,.. ....... $233,592.00
equivalent to ;ls c per .1OO Obs:.. a e
hPrtn is ercentagc es"4 1/10c per lb.
p of Sales ....... -... 1/6 of 1%
On the other two groups, totalling 706,000,000 lbs., net profit was $1,752,673.00
equivalent to • 24.8c per 100 lbs.
otherwise ....................................................... ...... /4c per Ib.
Profit as percentage of Sales ............................................ r 2.6%
The very low profit on Live Stock and Other Farm Products was due to conditions
arising out of war controls. On all these products, especially meats and poultry,
supply was much below demand, and prices paid by black market operators wer,
for long periods, above the equivalent of the established ceiling prices.
During those periods, processors who respected the ceilings were forced either to
buy the live stock at prices involving loss, or to withdraw from operations. For
the regular firms in the Packing Industry to cease purchasing live stock was, of
course, impossible. Therefore, the losses had to be taken. .
In this situation, the record of the Packing Industry as a whole was a highly
creditable one. With only rare exceptions, inspected packers, large and small,
scrupulously adhered to the regulations and did everything in their power to assist
the officials of the Wartime Prices and Trade Board.
On their part the directing officers of the Board made a strenuous and continuous
effort to enforce ceilings. But the task was a difficult one.
The difficulty was that of securing evidence. Only two persons, the seller and
the buyer, knew the facts of illicit transactions. As both these persons were ex-
posing themselves to heavy penalties, they were most undependable witnesses. The
record of the illicit transactions, in the accounts of seller and buyer, furnished no
evidence. Goods were invoiced at ceiling prices. Payments in excess of ceiling
were in cuircncy, and were made 'under the counter'.
In the main, violations were confined to processors on the fringe of the Industry.
These persons found themselves in a position to greatly increase their volume,
at margins of profit much higher than normal. The fact that they were spread
throughout the cities, towns and villages of all Canada made the task of catching
up with them a very difficult one. In relation to offences, there were extremely
few convictions.
tinder war conditions, steps had to be taken to ensure an even distribution of the
available food. The necessary war effort could not otherwise have been sustained.
The Wartime Prices and Trade Board was set up for this purpose. It was directed
Rt the top by a group of men of the highest ability and character. The job they
did was one of the most essential of Canada's total war effort. On the whole
act was highly successful. But its enforcement of ceilings in respect of food left
such to be desired.
The following notes arc set down in the hope they may prove useful in the field
of animal products, if the necessity to establish controls should again arise: -
1. When food is scarce and purchasing power high, enforcement of ceilings
is a most difficult task. The public may unreservedly endorse the principle
of price control, but public opinion, of itself, cannot be counted upon to
check illicit operations.
2. Only by an t and firm Enforcement Branch, can controls be made
effec4ver" _e post. of Chief Enforcement Officer calls for a man with
the highest •qualifications of ability, courage and cool judgment.
3, In ;r'e pect of meats, illicit transactions begin at the stage where the meats
past from the processor to the retailer. But the retailer is clearly an
unwilling participant. He does not with to pay more than the ceiling
price, and with intelligent leadership could be secured as an ally of the
Enforcement Branch.
4. Enforcement is bound to fail unless penalties are severe enough to deter
offenders. (A fine of a few hundred dollars is no deterrent to a violator
who is making illicit profits of thousands.)
5. Cancellation of licence is the ultimate and the only effective deterrent.
This is a drastic penalty which should be imposed only in case of flagrant
and repcatec violations, involving the head or principal officers of the
firm.
Only a few cancellations would be necessary.
' Although the foods processed In this department are harm products, -meats, vege•
tables, fruits, nevertheless the operation to one which does not form a neeessary, or
,customary, part of packinghouse operations. The plant required for the processing fs
speclatfeed and expensive. It Is for these reasons that these operations are segregated
as 'Manufacturing.
One result of black market operations was that producers received a higher
price for their live stock than the equivalent of the ceiling.
It is only just to point out that this involved no breach of the regulations, either
technical or moral, on their part, Their animals were sent to market as usual,
and were sold on the market, openly, to the highest bidder. No other system
was possible.
The Wartime Prices and Trade Board wisely refrained from imposing ceilings
on live stock. This was tried in United States and proved completely unworkable.
In view of the extremely poor results on live stock and other farm products,
it was fortunate that volume in the other two groups was high, and profits normal
(one-quarter cent per ib.).
In the fourth group the chief product was one developed in the Laboratories
of Canada Packers, viz, Canned Blood Sausage. All this product was sold to
UNRRA. As suggested by the name, the product contains a substantial per-
centage of cooked blood (front inspected animals). This gives it a high protein
content. Other ingredients add important calcium and carbohydrate values. Be-
cause of its high nutritional value, convenient form, and comparatively low cost,
Canned Blood Sausage was a very useful food .for UNRRA distribution.
Once this product had been accepted by UNRRA, the Canadian Meat Board
directed that the formula should be passed on to all Canadian plants equipped
to produce it. Shipments of Blood Sausage formed a very important part of
Canada's total sales to UNRRA. During 1946 total shipments from Canada
were 63,000,000 cans.
While this quantity was small in relation to UNRRA's over-all relief shipments,
nevertheless it is gratifying that a product developed entirely in a Canadian
laboratory should have played even as substantial a part in the relief programme
of 1946.
With the winding up of UNRRA, orders for Canned Blood Sausage have ceased.
It was essentially an emergency food. Notwithstanding its high nutritional value,
and low price, its colour subtracts from its appeal to the civilian consumer.
The experience of this year proves again the wisdom of the Company's policy
of diversification. In 1927 when Canada Packers was formed, live stock plus
other farm products comprised 79% of the Company's total volume. In the
year under review, the corresponding percentage was 49%. More than half
the volume and 85% of the profit were contributed by groups three and four.
It will be recalled that following. World War I, deflation of food prices set in
during July, 1920, -approximately eighteen months after Armistice Day. That
deflation was brought about by the fact that, by July, 1920, food supplies had
begun to catch up with effective demand.
Following World War II, it 'was expected that the greater destruction of property
and the greater displacement of population, in Europe, might result in a more
prolonged period of dislocation. However, it seemed likely that the restoration
of normal food conditions might follow the same general pattern as in 1919-20;
-i.e. a period of advancing prices, to be followed at some time either by a
slide or a collapse.
(It is important to remember that the world's food supply is produced from
year to year. If one year's crop is inadequate, hunger [perhaps starvation] may
be the result. However, a bountiful world crop in the following year can at
once restore normal conditions. The hunger of the previous year does not carry
over.)
World War II ended with V -J Day, August •-15th, 1945. That is a full two
years ago.
But, as yet, world food supplies have not caught up with demand. Prices of
most staple foods are not only above those of V -J Day, but actually, in the case
of many essential foods, are stll at an all-time high.
The following table gives a comparison of prices (in Canada) of animal products
and cereals from 1939 to 1947.
CANADIAN FARM PRICES, 1939-1947
Average Average Average Average Average
March March March March July
1939; 1941 1943 1945 1947
6.78 8.62 11.77 11.54 14.47
12.25 11,33 17.16) 17.80) 22.01)
32)* 1.62)* ..97)*
9.10 11.14 15.91 14.92 17.21
24/ 28'/ 32// 35 39
21/ 201/4 33/ 35 393/
213 35 35) 35) 501/4
WO* • 8/s)*
Good Steers, live, Toronto
Hogs, B-1 dressed, Toronto
Lambs, live, Toronto
'Chickens, Milk Fed A,
Toronto
Eggs, 'A' Large, Toronto
Creamery Butter, Toronto
Cheese, f.o.b. Factory,
Ontario _.... 11 145A) 223/4) 20) 25/4)
1 )* 1 )* 3)* 3 )*
Wheat, No. 1, Nor.,,
Ft. Wm. ...-. 591/4f 76/4 971/4 1.25$ 1.55$
Oats, No. 2 C.W.,
Ft. Wm.
Barley, No. 1 Feed,
Ft. Wm.
Corn, Ontario Yellow,
Toronto
281/4 351/4 51 51/) 65
10)§
35/1 509/4 611/4 643/4) 93
22/a)§
65 863/8 1.17 1.27 1.27
* Subsidies, Federal plus Provincial.
t Official Wheat Board price, March 1939, 80c.
: Wheat Board to make participation payment in 1950.
§ Equalization payments.
It will be seen that each price in July, 1947 is at the high point of 'the eight-
year period.
But all these prices would be higher still except for the operation of controls.
The chief control exists in the fact that. (by mutual governmental agreement)
Canadian foods are not permitted to move to the United States.
In that country, prices for the same products throughout the same period arc
shown in the following table.
UNITED STATES FARM PRICES, 1939-1947
(Chicago Market)
Average .Average Average Average Average
March March March March July
1939 1941 1943 •1945 7:947
Steers, 1200/1500 lbs, ... 11..50 • 11.30 15.95 16.25 30.68
Hogs,.Ii$ht (live) 7.70 7.80 15.60 14.75 26.00
Lambs, live 9.25 10.90 16.30 1.6.40 24.46
Chickens, Spring 221/4 221/4 28 29 31
Eggs, Standards 16s/ 179 38 34/4 431/4
Butter, 90 score 233, 303/4 473/ 41/ 65%4
Cheese, twins ..................-..- 113/4 143/4 231/4 23%s 331/4
Wheat 701/4 9194 1.49 1..763/ 2.36
Oats 323/4 39/ 643/ 821/4 1..01/
Barley 47 57 92 1.243/4 1.75
Corn 51r/4 69/ 1.02 1.20/ 2.19/
The startling fact regarding the two preceding tables is that United States and
Canada are two of the chief food -surplus countries of the world. That prices
in these two 'surplus' countries should have rernained at these record levels
is due to three main factors: -
1. The pull on North America supplies due to the acute shortage of food
in Europe. (This shortage is aggravated by the fact that political dis-
harmonies prevent certain natural movements of food;--e.g., grain from
Eastern to Western Germany.)
2. The fact that in United States and Canada, purchasing power, --and
consequently domestic demand for foods, -is at an all-time high.
3. 'The further fact that, in the face of this record demand (export plus
domestic), production of live stock in United States and Canadaseems
definitely headed downward. Inspected slaughterings of Cattle and Hogs
for the last three years have been as follows:-
th'wrnD STATES
1944
1945
1946
Cattle
13,960,337
14,538,405
11,413,325
Hogs
69 01G 0082
40,959',809
44,393,920
CANADA
Ca the
1,35.4,104
1,820,127
1,666,310
Hogs
:8 ,766,441
n,683,727
1,251,511
Is it possible to forecast the course of live stock prices in Canada for the years
immediately ahead ?
No attempt at a comprehensive answer to this question Will 'be made. But all
the following factors have a bearing.
• Prices cannot continue to advance indefinitely. At some point they must
level off, and at a later date a substantial decline seems inevitable.
However, the immediate trend in Canada seems upward rather than down-
ward.
. This is certainly the' case in respect of Hogs. An advance of 2c per lb.
in the price of Wiltshire Sides has been announced for September 1st. The
present Bacon contract with England would seen. to ensure the maintenance
of the September 1st level until the expiry date of the contract,, -viz.
December., 1948.
As to Cattle, the fact that Steers in United States are selling at twice the
Canadian price would indicate that the immediate price trend right also
be upward.
It must be remembered, however, that the great Beef exporting areas of the
world are South America and Australasia. In both these areas, Cattle prices
are much lower even than the present Canadian level. When transportation
facilities arc restored, prices of Beef on the open world markets may soon
be brought to a levet based upon costs in the exporting countries.
In the present period of acute shortage and record prices, it seems di.!T cult to
recall that the ten-year period. immediately before the war was one sn' burden-
some surpluses and ruinous prices.
The war crisis brought about a clearer realization of the fact that a nation's
chief asset is the physical health of its citizens. An understanding of problems
of nutrition has been advanced as in no previous period, Each nation will make
the better feeding of its people a main objective. Except for widespread economic
breakdown, the world demand for food will be higher than in the pre-war
period.
Whatever happens, it is unlikely that the ruinous food prices of the 193:.'s will
ever recur.
Nevertheless, a time will undoubtedly come when food -surplus countries will
have to `compete' for the available world markets. When that time comes, each
food -exporting country will be forced to offer its surplus in the fora: of those
products which it can produce most efficiently.
In the case of Canada, -one of the chief food -surplus countries, -two products
stand out. These are the two food products which, above all others, Canada
can produce in competition with the world.
They are Wheat and Bacot:.
There seems little danger of Canada reducing her Wheat production. But
the record of the Last two years is proof that a serious danger does exist in the
case of Hogs.
Between 1944 and 1946, inspected Hog killings were cut in half. Only by in-
creasing and maintaining Hog production can Canada make her Agriculture safe.
The main objective of Canadian agricultural policy should be immediately to
build up her Hog population. For her Wiltshire Bacon there is an immediate,
and continuing market,- namely Great Britain. And Great Britain needs Canada's
Bacon more urgently than ever before.
Ontario and Alberta are the two chief Hog -producing Provinces. In both these
Provinces the Departments of Agriculture have recently launched active cam-
paigns to stimulate Hog production. The Ontario Hog Producers' Association
and the Alberta Livestock Co-operative Limited have joined actively in these
campaigns. It is to be hoped other Provinces will take similar measures, especially
Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Quebec.
It is felt that this year a more extended reference than usual should be made
to Labour relations.
The Directors recognize, without reserve, that the first claim on the earnings
of the Company should be that of Employees, -the Hien and women of ail ranks
whose working lives arc spent in the Company's service,
Plant Employees are represented by their Union, -the United Packinghouse
Workers of America. With the Union, except at times when negotiations are
under way, relations have been cordial and co-operative. This is mentioned be-
cause widely published threats to strike, each time an agreement is being negotiated,
may have given Shareholders, -and the public generally, -a wrong impression.
During the war period advances have been frequent and substantial.
Following is a summary of the advances: -
During 1941, 1942 and 1943, Cost of
Living Bonuses reached a total for men
of $4.60 per week, and for women 18.4%
of 'their wages. In 1944 these were
, converted to permanent hourly increases
of ;....., sa
In addition to this the following
successive general increases were
negotiated: -
In the agreement of 1943
In the agreement of 1945 - 6.8%,
equivalent to
In the agreement of 1946
MEN W O SEN
91/4c per hour. '7c per hr.
5 c per. Lr.
5 c per lir,
5 e per hr.
5 c per hr,
31/4c per hr.
10 c per hr.
Total rate increases from 1939 to 1946 ... 291/4c per hr. 25/c per hr.
In addition, there have been many upgradings and individual increases, 'These
with the above general increases have resulted in raising average rates per
hour as follows: -
MEN
August, 1939, average rate per hour ..... 50.8c
March, 1947, average rate per hour ........... 88.1e
Increase
WOMEN
32.8c
63.5e
37.3c 30.7c
Percentage increase 73.4% 93.6%
The average advance in hourly rates throughout all Canada, for
the same period, as published by the Dominion Department of
Labour, has been
The increase in hourly rates does not, of course, represent a cor-
responding advance in 'real' income, -that is, in income meas-
ured by purchasing power. Subtractions must be made for
increase in the cost of living, also for Income Tax;- the latter
offset to son'ie extent by Family Allowance payments. It is prob-
able, too, that the actual increase in the cost of living is some••
what greater than that reflected in the official table of the
Dominion Bureau of Statistics, -viz.
However, when all allowances have been made, the increase in
real income of Plant Employees, as compared to 1939, is certainly
not less than
And this in spite of a substantial reduction in number of hours
worked (1939,-avcragc weekly hours 46',4; 1946, -average
weekly hours 421/4). If hours worked had been the same, increase
in real income would have been at least ........................................ . ...
34.8%f
15 Sc.
22%.
Over and above these rate increases, important supplementary yds flee( s have
been granted. These include:
after 1 year -1 week,
Improved vacation schedule; -now after 5 years -2 weeks,
after 20 years -3' weeks.
Rest periods with pay -10 minutes, morning and afternoon.
Night work premium -5c per hour over corresponding day rates.
Guaranteed minimum of 37/ hours work per week -or pay in lieu or work.
Pay for eight public holidays.
These suppplementary privileges represent an annual cost to the Company of
approximately ............. ..... ...... ..-...... , .......... ,,....... ...... $830,000,
equivalent to ............. 7,4c per hour.
Following the practice of previous years, an important share of the prc:i s was
distributed to Employees in the form. of Bonus,
The suer distributed at the year-end was $1,'r'.0,000
(Bonus distributed in March, 1939, was --$216,000.)
The practice of profit sharing has been xn operation for thirteen fiscal year's.
Within that period, total profit-sharing payments have been $8,910,000.
Total Dividends to Shareholders within the same period have been .. $9,550,000.
Total Sales for the same period have been ..:.. ........ ....... $1,716,000,000.
J. S: InfeLEAN,
President.
Toronto, August 29th, 1947,
*Preliminary figure for October, 1946, reported in Department of Labor::: News
Release No. 3,000 of June 19th, 1947.
•,Dominion Bureau of Statistics Cost of Living Index for July 1st, 1947, basis
August, 1939 equals 100.
Extra cobras of this report arc available and so long as they last, vrs`.11 be
,mailed to «nyorte requesting them. Address to
.to
Packers Limited, Toronto 9.